Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser

udgivet af

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Bind 39, nr. 2
Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2 (1961)

THE KHOTANESE
BHADRACARYÄDESANÄ
Text, translation, and glossary, together with
the Buddhist Sanskrit original
BY

JES PETER ASMUSSEN

København 1961
i kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard
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 Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser
udgivet af

Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab

Bind 39, nr. 2
Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2 (1961)

THE KHOTANESE
B H A D R AC ARYÄ D E S AN Ä
Text, translation, and glossary, together with
the Buddhist Sanskrit original
BY

JES PETEB ASMUSSEN

København 1961
i kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard
 Printed in Denmark
Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri A-S
 Preface
had the privilege of reading most of the Khotanese text with
I Professor Sir Harold W. Bailey in Cambridge during the au­
tumn of 1958. Without his unique helpfulness and kindness this
work could not have been completed. For the interest he has taken
in my work, his reading through the manuscript, the new material
he has given me, and for many other things my cordial thanks
are tendered to him.
A great appreciation is due to the Bibliothèque Nationale in
Paris for the permission to reproduce photographs of the orig­
inal MS.
Also in this case I am in a deep debt of gratitude to Professor
Kaj Barr for encouragement and help, so generously given at all
times.

Copenhagen, November 1960. Jes Peter Asmussen

 The Buddhist Sanskrit Bhadracaripranidhäncigäthäh 1, com­
posed in the so-called Dodhaka metre —)2, has al­
ready from the 4th century A.D. enjoyed great favour in all areas,
where Mahayana Buddhism was preponderant. For centuries
parts of the poem have played a significant liturgical rôle, and
certain verses (especially the confession of sin, verse VIII) are
still used in the daily cult of several sects in Japan. It has thus
early been considered an independent text, although in the San­
skrit manuscripts and in the Chinese and Tibetan translations it
only forms the concluding part of the Gandavyühasütra which in
turn is part of the Avatamsakasütra.
The is in its present form a
genuine expression of Mahäväna piety, which without embarking
upon detailed questions of theology emphasizes the veneration
and worship of the Buddhas (the cimittarapüja s)3, in the main
part points out the importance of the vows (pranidhäna), and at
last forms the sincere hope of rebirth in the Sukhâuatï-ksetra
(suhava ksitträ) of Amitabha4.
The text exists in a northern and a southern edition, repre­
sented respectively by the Nepalese and the Japanese manu­
scripts. Seen apart from a divergent order of certain verses the
agreement between the two editions is almost complete5.
1 Commonly known as the Bhadracarï (Tib. Bzan-spyod). On other titles cfr.
Watanabe p. 10, 19, and 23, and Sushama Devi’s critical edition Samantabhadra-
caryä-pranidhänaräja, Sata Pifakam, Indo-Asian Literature Vol. 4, International
Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi 1958, p. 10-13. See M. Winternitz:
Geschichte der Indischen Litteratur II, p. 377, Leipzig 1913, History of Indian
Literature 11, p. 325-327, Calcutta 1933.
2 Watanabe p. 24—26.
3 F. D. K. Bosch: De Bhadracarï afgebeeld op den hoofdmuur der vierde
gaanderij van den Baraboedoer, BTLVN-I Deel 97, 1938, p. 243.
4 According to Bosch, op. cit. p. 249, the Amitâbha-section may be a later
addition.
5 The BSkrt. text of the present edition is a transcription of D. T. Suzuki
& Hokei Idzumi: The Gandavyûha Sütra, Part IV, Kyoto 1936, p. 543.9-548.2.
The edition of Sushama Devi includes in addition to the BSkrt. text the Tibetan
6 Nr. 2

Already in the beginning of the fifth century the text was

translated into Chinese by Buddhabhadra under the title of
Manjusrïpranidhanasûtra ( Wen shu shih li fa yiian ching). The
translation, which was based on a Khotan, com­
prises only 44 verses. In the 8th century two complete translations
were brought forth, one by Amoghavajra, the teacher of Hui kuo,
in the reign of Tai tsung of the T'ang dynasty (P(u hsien phi sa
hin yiian tsan), and one by Präjha in the 12th year of Chen
yiian (796 A.I).) as the concluding part of his Gandavyüha
translation6. To Japan the poem was first brought by Kukai, the
disciple of Hui kuo, in 806 A.l). During the following 40 years
three additional copies were imported (by Engyö, Kukai’s disciple,
and by Eun). Although Kukai’s original copy is lost, several copies
of it have been preserved, the oldest one dating back as far as
966 A.D.7
The Khotanese Bhadracaryädesanä s is a rather free rendering
of the BSkrt. original, in some cases more a paraphrase than a
translation, but its existence is another testimony to the favour­
able reception and wide propagation of this small text among the
communities of Mahayana Buddhism. It is a text of Later Kho­
tanese, the language of the majority of the existing Khotanese
literature. A detailed description of its grammar has been given
by M. J. Dresden9.
and the three Chinese translations. Text and translation also in Bosch op. cit.
p. 255-291 and Hokei Idumi : The Hymn on the Life and Vows of Sainantabhradra,
The Eastern Buddhist V, 1929 -1931, p. 226-247. German translation of 19 verses
in Religionsgeschichtliches Lesebuch, herausgegeben von Alfred Bertholet, Heft
15: Ber Mahäyäna-Buddhismus. Von M. Winternitz, Tübingen 1939, p. 77-78.
8 Cfr. Watanabe p. 19-21 and Hokei Idumi op. cit. p. 228 229. On the
Tibetan translation see Watanabe p. 21.
7 Watanabe p. 13-14, Hokei Idumi op. cit. p. 231.
8 H.W. Bailey: Khotanese Texts I, Cambridge 1945, p. 222-230. A few
words from the same MS (P 3513, fol. 43vl-58r2) have been quoted by P. Pelliot:
Un fragment du Suvarnaprabhâsasûtra en iranien oriental, MSLP XVIII, 1912-
1914, p. 105-108 & 123. The first 23 verses of the Khotanese text were reproduced
in Konow, Primer p. 85-88.
9 On the two stages of Khotanese see Dresden p. 404 f. Old Khotanese
(especially E) also includes the Avalokitesvaradhâranî (KT III, p. 1-13).
 Bhadracaryadesana
Khotanese Text and Translation together with
the Buddhist-Sanskrit Original

1.
P 3513.43-58
43 v 1 \siddham
aurga tsüm äsna padâ sadi jsa brrïya1.
parimârtha-bhqnai hvâstci mainjûsrï.
2 kusta ysautta | kqme scV myânija sirci.
samcïhâm samatha si’ sain mamjûsrï. <T;

Welfare!
1. First, first I come (go) with reverence, with faith, in love
2. to Mahjusri, the best, the preacher of the supreme knowledge,
3. where desires [have] ceased2, that is happy fortune,
4. the trance, the (states of) tranquility, this is Manjusri

2.
3 baudhasatvä namasüm ttü samamtta\bhadrä
pari ba’ysqnci bisäm dükhäm jinäkei.
hamamgte dyqma vara samamttabhadrä
4 \ttäharai astei avärauttä akhaustä. <2>

1. I bow down to the Bodhisattva, this Samantabhadra,

2. the Buddha-son 3, the destroyer of all miseries.
3. Entirely good to look at, Samantabhadra.
4. Perfect he is, with no bases (unbased)4, unmoved.
1 sadi jsa brrïya, e. g. Jâtakast. 9v4, 22rl-2, 23r4.
2 Similar passage Ch 00266.241 (KIIT 105).
3 Sanskrit compound = Khot. noun + adjective.
4 Cfr. BSKrt. apratisthita, Edgerton p. 48, and aneya, unenjya, ibid. p. 37.
<s Nr. 2

3.
bisi gyasta ba'ysa baudhasatvyau hamtsa.
44 r 1 tti vä vina harn bä\dä mahn äysda yinämde.
khu byehü py äst i vasva bhadra-cirya.
2 tcamna bisä karma anävarina ha\märe 3

1. All the Buddhas5 together with the Bodhisattvas,

2. may they in fact all now lake me under their protection,
3. so that I may succeed in hearing the pure Bhadra-caryä,
4. whereby all deeds may become6 without obstruction7.

4.
cu buri ysama-samdya dasau disp vira.
dri-bädva tinde ba'ysÿna saraiiva.
3 tti ttä a\ysü vqnûm bisä aharfna.
ttaramdarna bisâdna aysmüna vasvena 4

1. As many as are in the world in the 10 directions8

2. Buddha-lions belonging to the three times9,
3. those thus I honour all without remainder
4. with a pure body, tongue [and] mind.

I yävata keci10 dasad-disi11 lake

sarva-triyadhva-gatä nara-simhäh
tän ahu vandami sar vi asesän
käyatu väca manena prasannah.

5.
4 harbisvä ks[ttrvä parimau\nava grica.
didamdyau tteryäm ttä tsüm bisä aürga.
harbisäm bahjsäm sadyäyi ysirastä.
44 v 1 pichastü | sqma jsa aysmuna sakicä 5

5 Lit. deva buddhas.

6 Indicative!
7 Verses 1-3 give the introduction (only Khotanese) to the translation.
8 East, south-east, south, south-west, west, north-west, north, north-east,
zenith, and nadir.
9 Past (atïta), present (pratyutpanna), and future (anägata).
10 Edgerton, Grammar §2.91.
11 Ibid. §2.79.
Nr. 2 9

1. [As many as there] are grains of sand in all the fields,

2. with so many of those [in number] thus I go with reverence
*12,
to all7
3. having faith in, having a heart (devoted) to all the Buddhas,
4. manifestly doing honour with the mouth [and] with the mind.

II ksetra-rajopama-käya-pramänaih
sarva-jinäna karomi pranämani
sarva-jinäbh imukh en a in (in en a
b h a dr a-carl-pra n i dh ein a-balena.

6.
khu se parqmânavü nauhya: ba'ysei anandta.
2 bcdysä para kariqnä sästärä | înyqha
tli vä ahaiqna dharma-dhättä ane’styä
bist stäni bcdysyau hambadei ayaisce 6

1. As upon the point of one atom [there are] endless Buddhas,

2. Buddha-sons surrounding, the teacher in the middle,
3. These altogether [and] the dharma-world without end,
4. all of it13 in fact filled with Buddhas, I am devoted to.

III eka-rajägri rajopania-buddhä

buddha-sutäna nisannaku madhye
evain asesata dharmata-dhätuni
sarveldhimucycimi1* pürnci jinebhih.

7.
3 ajqnä-1 bidjsjna mahäsamqdra bijäsa
svarä dräin khu velu mahäsamqdra.
4 avamäva buj'se ttyäni ba^ysäin bisä.
aysü ttä hvqnü stava namasüni nqda 7

1. The oceans consisting of virtues, imperishable15, sounds,

2. tones16 such as [coming from] the shores of the ocean,
3. innumerable virtues of these Buddhas, all
4. of them 1 thus praise, to them I bow down with homage.
12 The translator’s care to render his original faithfully makes the Khota-
nese somewhat obscure.
13 i. e., the world (of all the elements).
14 sard adhimucyami, Edgerton, Grammar § 4.29. Thus W.
15 Referring grammatically to “oceans”, but de facto to the adjective “of
virtues”.
16 bijäsa svarä, Khotanese and Skrt., the common type of hendiadys, cfr.
Bailey, BSOAS X, 899-900.
10 Nr. 2

IV tesu ca1' aksaya-varna-samudrän

sarua-svarånga-samudra-rutebhih
sarua-jinäna gunän bhanamänas
tän sugatän stauanü ahn sarvän.

8.
cu ra jsqna plrmättama püjä-karma.
45 r 1 hvïya jastü\ha ranina uästyau siTsta.
tti äni aysä üvära parinqniüni bisä.
sqmiihcim ba'ysäm aysmüna vasvena 8

1. And indeed the (what are the)18 foremost acts of worship,

2. human, divine jewels on dresses!
3-4. All these noble things I indeed with a pure mind make ready
for use for the Buddhas present19 20.

9.
2 |sd’ desana bhadra-cirya vaudä hauva
spye u pa'särä cu ra busqnä wäre.
3 sanikhalünäm jsa \ u b[nqnäni vyühä.na
haisiTinü ba'ysäin painji-mqndalä slqna 9

1. This is the teaching of the power of the inclination towards

the Good Course.21
2. Flowers and garlands [and] what also [are] noble perfumes,
3. with unguents and with the display of music22,
4. them (these things) I give to the Buddhas, bowing down to
the ground (with my live limbs on the ground).

V puspa-varebhi ca mädya-varebhir
i ) ä dy a-vil ep ana-chatra-varebhih
17 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.56.
18 cu (what are = and the)---- tti (these). Bel. pron. > def. art., see E. Ben-
veniste: La phrase relative, problème de svntaxe générale, BSLP 53 (1957-
1958), base. 1, p. 39-54.
19 Perhaps for the Buddha-statues in the temple. Cfr. Erwin Rousselle:
Vom Sinn der buddhistischen Bildwerke in China, Darmstadt 1958, p. 58 ff. and
p. Ill ff. (originally Sinica VII. p. 62 If. and IX, p. 203 fl'.).
20 No BSkrt. version.
21 Taking desana bhadra-cirya vaudä hauva as a compound translating BSkrt.
bhadracarï-adhimukti-balena (instr., 4- desana, verse VII).
22 The BSkrt. text has in addition chatra (chattra), “umbrella”, and dipa,
“lamp”. W -cchattra-.
Nr. 2 11

dïpa-varebhi ca dhupa-varebhih
püjana tesii jinäna karomi.

10.
4 eu ri busqnd pïrmâttami | västyau hanitsa.
süniirä gård niqnanidä kusjyäni’ jsa cunyau jsa.
carauuyau bvq’näni sirkäni jsa bïsqnd.
45 v 1 pq I metüni disi’ vi bisä sqmùha : ba’ysa 10

1. What also is (and the) best perfume together with garments,

2. with ? and with fragrant powders, resembling the Sumeru
Mountain23,
3. with lamps, with ail good perfumes,
4. with them (these things) I endow all the Buddhas present
in [all] direclions.

A’I vastra-varebhi ca gandha-varebhis

cürna-putebhi ca meru-sameb hih
sarva-visista-viyüha2i-varebhih
püjana tesii jinäna karomi.

11.
hastamyäni nauhauysyäni ba’ysäni pätcä.
2 cu ra arme pïrmâttami \ atvadirüve.
raysäyana harbisä cu ra ysaujsa bijairma.
3 ttyau jsa stäni pajsani yanüni ba’ysäni bisä\ 11

1. Next of the best, highest Buddhas,

2. what are the exceedingly excellent medicines,
3. all the elixirs and the (what also are) savoury [and] out­
standing [things],
4. with these things 1 reverence all of the Buddhas.

VII yä ca anuttara püja udärä

tön adhimucyami sarva-jinänäm
bhadra-carï2à-adhiniukti-balena
vandanii püjayaniï jina sarvân.26
23 So much of everything!
24 Edgerton, Grammar § 3.104.
25 Ibid. § 4.54.
26 There is only a very slight correspondence between the two versions.
12 Nr. 2

12.
cn rå niahä jsa yuda trade kïra visiTna.
bisä ysaratha brrîye ysürri jadï rräsd
*
4 I ttararadarraa bisä3na aysmuna asiddna.
tta slain aysd dïsünd bisä ärrä paysyrne 12

1. What evil deeds also have been done by me

2. throughout all births under the influence of passion, anger,
[and] stupidness,
3. with an imperfect body, tongue, [and] mind,
4. thus in fact I confess every sin and acknowledge [it]27.

VIII yac ca krtain raayi päpu bhaveyyä

rägatn dvesatn moha-vasena
käyatu väca rnanena tathaiva
tant pratidesayami alm sarvara.

13.
46 r 1 cn da\saa disd uï hvaradärn pûiïi trade,
säjara en ra vä sai däsäindä kïri.
2 prrattyeka-budha ba'ysâ para | nvâra.
bisä baudhasatvära aaamaudürn piijä 1228

1. What in the ten directions are the merits of men,

2. the learners29 [and those] also that have finished their work,
3. the Pratyeka-buddhas, the Buddha-sons, the noble ones30,
4. [of] all [of them and] of the Bodhisattvas 1 bless the wor­
ship31.

IX yac ca dasad-disi3233pua y a jagasya

sa iksa 3 3- a sa i ksa -pra tyekaj inänäni
bnddha-sutän' atha sarua-jinänäni
tain annmodayanü ahn sarvain.

27 Or - confess, every sin I acknowledge”.

28 Sic MS for 13.
29 Pali sekha, “one who still has to learn, who has not yet attained Arhat-ship”.
30 Referring to prrattyeka-budha and ba’ysà para.
31 Also possible: “--all the Bodhisattvas, of them (-am, encl. pers, prom,
3. plur.) 1 bless the worship”.
32 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.79.
33 Ibid. § 4.54.
Nr. 2 13

14.
carauva dâtînâ dasau dis? vira.
3 I biysqnqme jsa vinau byqnâ bïysâmda
tti aysä pätcä harbisâ âjïsid ba'ysa.
4 ge'sïrn I de pîrmâttam dâyî cakrrâ 14

1. The lamps of the Law in the ten directions,

2. awakened with an awakening34 without any attachment
(hindrance, asangata),
3. all these Buddhas35 I then pray to,
4. [and then] they turn the most excellent wheel of the Law.

X ye ca dasad-disi36 loka-pradîpâ
bodhi vibudhya asangata präptäh
tân ahu sarvi adhyesami näthäms37
cakru anuttaru varttanatäyai.

15.
cu nä parinerväin dyqma ksama itnde.
46 v 1 tti stäin aysä äyäcu am\jalä stqna.
cu ksittrvä gruica didamdä kalpa vistïde.
ysama-samdai hye suhi: kina jsina dijsämde. 15

2. Holding the hands in the anjali-position I request those

1. who are desirous of seeing the Parinirväna,
3. who go through so many kalpas [as there are] grains of sand
in the fields:38
4. May they hold their life (live) for the sake of the profit and
the happiness of the world.

XI ye ipi ca nirvrti darsitu-kämäs

tän abhiyäcami pränjali-bhütah
ksetra-rajopama-kalpa sthihantu
sarva-jagasya hitäya sukhäya.

34 Cfr. J. Filliozat: Les origines d’une technique mystique indienne, Rev.

Phil. 1946, p. 214 with note 1.
35 i. e. the lamps of the Law.
36 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.79.
37 W näthärn.
38 Or - what are the grains of sand in the fields, so many kalpas they go
through”.
14 Nr. 2

16.
2 I aùrgyi tsüine jsa pajsarn dïsqjnie jsa.
piihau ysvyÿme jsa âjïsÿ'ine dâna.
3 namamdrqme jsa eu ham\jsânida t piinü.
hanaimüni ba'ysüstästi harbisd aysü. 16

3. What merit may have been collected [by me]

1. by going in worship, by honour, by confessing39,
2. by tasting (taking pleasure in) the merits, by supplication
from (in accordance with) lhe Law, by summoning,
4. all that I make bend (serve) towards bodhi.

XII vandana-piljana-desa n a täy a

modan'-adh yesa na-yâca n a täy a
yac ca subhani nuiyi samcitu kimcid
bodhayi nâmayaniî ahn sarvam.

17 + 13.
4 eu ji harnjsimämde ma\mï nuira püna Itainda.
canka masi namasï ärüva jsa ba'ysa.
sï yinï ba'ysäm nva cirya padanija
47 r 1 \hambd>rï bhadra-carya dâna parähä:na (1)7

pajsamevye yinpne pïrüya Hi ba'ysa.

2 eil vä ttisthamda\ [da]sau dïsP vira inide.
eu vä list a nul mjsya panamänide nvaiya.
3 ba'ysüstästä ävani sq> ii\spürä haniäve (1)8

1. Because now so many merits come together for me here40,

3. may 1 [then] be able to learn41 the caryä, the padanija of
the Buddhas,
2. the Buddhas as many as 1 may reverence with (because of)
the refuge,
4. may I [then] fulfil lhe Good Course with self-control after
(according to) the Law.

39 Or “teaching”.
40 “are accumulated by me”.
41 Lit. “learn following (zwa) the -” = “learn the -”.
Nr. 2 15

1. These former Buddhas I make honoured,

2. [and those] who are existent in the ten directions,
3. [and those] also who shall arise afterwards42 as the future
[Buddhas],
4. may this desire for bodhi be complete.

XIII pûjita bhontu atïtaku43 buddhä

ye ca dhriyanti dasad-disi44 loke
ye ca anâgata te laghu bhontu
p ürn a -ma n ora tha bodhi-vibiiddh â.

19.
eu dasau disp vï ttyâm imde ksaittra.
4 sirka parcisaudha vasva tuari uvâ\ra.
usahïindi baudha-vrraiksâ dïnâstci
bisü üspüra ttyâm sâsanP ï ü ba'ysci püra 19

1. May they whose45 fields are in the ten directions,

2. good, completely pure, pure, very noble4647
,
3. exert themselves to (go) underneath the Bodhi-tree,
4. may all the teaching (the whole doctrine) of them become
complete and (of) the Buddha-sons.

XIV yävata keci41 dasad-disi48 kseträs

te parisuddha bhavantu udäräh
b odhi- dr un lendra-gatebhi jine b h ir
buddha-sutebhi ca bhontu prapürnâh.

20.
47 v 1 count ra | vainïyâ dasau disP vira,
bisä sühya : unde drünâ u samartha.
2 ysama-samdya satvâm patch dû | ya artha .
hvaramclnh sijïmde âvama bisü 20

42 Lit. “arise following (nvaiya) as

43 W atïtaka.
44 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.79.
45 eu - - ttyâm. Also: “(As to) what are the fields of those in - -, may they -
46 i. e. the fields.
47 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.91.
48 Ibid. §2.79.
16 Nr. 2

1. May all (line 2) those who indeed in the ten directions are
to be converted49
2. be happy, healthy, and fitting (capable),
3. [may] then of the beings in the world the artha according
to the Law
4. [be] favourable, may all [their] wishes be successful.

XV yävata keci30 dasad-disi31 sattvds

te sukhitäh sada52 bhontu arogdh
sarva-jagasya ca dharmiku53 artho
bhontu5i pradaksinu rdhyatu55 äsä.

21.
ba’ysÿna mista carya cu aysd carfme.
3 jd\smard ysyqne aysd ham vï bädi.
harbisuä ysamtlwä kusta ysyqne ha'cä.
4 vaysambq sq\mqhä byehpne aysd (2)1

1. May I, who practice the great Buddha-course,

2. at all time be born remembering my previous births,
3. in all births, wherever I am born at all,
4. may 1 obtain the initiation [and] the state of a sramana.

XVI bodhi-carim ca aha in caramdno

bhavi jdti-sinaru sarva-gatïsu
sarvasu janmasu56 cyuty-upapattï
pravrajito aha nilyu bhaveyyd.

Tl.
harbisäin ba'ysäm nua säjaincä stqna.
48 r 1 hainberaincd badra-carye däna pa\rähna.
ahatcastä nasdrr[inä iyäindä againjsd.
paraustä yinimä pirmätta vasve parähäi (2)2
49 Or “Who of them [are] to be c. - -, may all [those] be happy -
50 Edgerton, Grammar §2.91.
61 Ibid. §2.79.
62 Ibid. § 3.27
83 W dhärmiku.
64 W bhotu.
65 W ridhyatu.
88 W jâtisu.
Nr. 2 17

1. Being in accordance with the teaching of all the Buddhas,

2. in fulfilment of the Good Course (of Life) with self-control
according to the Law,
3. may I, undamaged, without pollution, perpetually faultless,
4. be able to restrain myself with (to practice) a supreme,
pure restrain.

XVII sarva-jinän3 anusiksayamäno

bh a drei - cariin paripara yamän ah
sîla-carim vimaläm parisuddhäm
nityam akhandam acchidra careyam.

23.
2 \jasti~ine phari u nävqnye ttî.
yaksqnye kumbhandäm lunye pätcä.
3 cu ri jsqna phara t ysa\ ma-samdya bisä.
uysdis[mi ba'ysäm dä pharyau jsa aysä (2)3

3. Whatever speech there indeed may be in the whole world,

1. speeches of divine [beings] and likewise of nägas,
2. of yaksas, of kumbhandas, and again of human [beings],
4. with speeches [like that] I teach the Law of the Buddhas.

XVIII deva-rutebhi ca näga-rutebhir

yaksa-kiimbhända-manusya-rutebhih
yäni ca sarva-rutäni jagasya81
sarva-rutesv57
58 ahu desayi dharmam.

24.
4 bäysdyamdai pärqnmäd ha \ skauttä stqna.
baudha-cittä na hanäsfmä hairsti gvqna.
cvam asida kira linde byqnamgära.
48 v 1 I tta harbisä jämde pätei thyau aharfna (2)4

57 W sarva-jagasya rutäni.
58 W tesu rutesv.
Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan.Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2. 2
18 Nr. 2

1. Observant, practised (?) in the päramitäs59

2. may 1 truly not at all destroy the bodhi-citta60.
3. They whose deeds are evil, the doers of obstruction (deeds
. . . causing obst.),
4. shall then all perish hereafter swiftly without remainder.

XIX pesalu päramitäsv abhiyukto

bodhiyi cit tu ma jätn vimuhyet61
ye 3pi ca päpaka ävaraniyäs
tesu pariksayu bhotu asesam.

25.
klesäm’ karmyäm märä hïvï pamde.
2 ysama-samdai tsüma vara \ güscya carfme.
vïysa vasva üca eu äm ni samkhalyäre.
3 ä khu urmaysdi u püra äsay a\kasta 25

1. From the klesas, the karmas on Mära’s path

2. delivered may 1 wander in [my] way of life in the world62,
3. [just as] the pure lotuses in the water that are not at all
polluted,
4. or like the sun [and] the moon that are undefiled in the sky.

XX karmatu klesatu Mära-pathäto

loka-gatïsu vimuktu careyam
padma yathä salilena al ip t ah
sûr y a sasî g ag a ne ’na asakt ah.

26.
bisä aväyäm gatti diikha nisanP yin[me.
4 ti harbisä satva sühvä vistä yin[\me.
bisâm va harbisä hye carye yinfme.
damdä tta khu ksittrvä parimqnava gruica (2)6
59 On the 6 päramitäs (virtues of perfection) (1. dâna, 2. sila, 3. ksânti, 4. virya,
5. dhyâna, 6. prajna) cfr. D. T. Suzuki: Outlines of Mahâyâna Buddhism, London
1907, p. 69, Beatrice Lane Suzuki: Mahayana Buddhism, 3. ed. London 1959,
p. 58-59, and Salomon Lf.fmann: Lalita Vistara, Berlin 1874, p. 151 f. They are
enumerated E X 1.4-10 and XI1.17-46. Later four other päramitäs (iipäya, prani-
dhäna, bala, jnåna) were added, cfr. D. T. Suzuki, op. cit. p. 322.
60 Cfr. e. g. D. T. Suzuki, op. cit. p. 52 and chapter XI, p. 277 f., and L. Re-
nou et Jean Filliozat: L’Inde Classique II, Paris 1953, § 2335, p. 572.
61 W vimuhye.
62 Or: “On the Mära-path of the klesas [and] the karmas, in [my] life in the
world may I go to Nirvana (acc. of direction)”. But car- in Ivhotanese hardly “go”.
Nr. 2 19

1. May I be able to end the sufferings of every gati of misfor­

tunes (evil existences),
2. and may 1 be able to place all creatures in states of happiness.
3. May 1 for all of them make a career of every [kind of] good,
4. as many as [there are] grains of sand in the lields.

XXI sarvi apäya-dukhäni prasamanto

sarva-jagat sthäpayamänah63
sarva-jagasya hitäya careyain
yävata ksetra-pathä disa täsu.

27.
49 r 1 cirye bisä \ satväin anünarttqkä ime.
bisä baudhasatva carya vasve y inline.
2 il disane bhadra-carye haiiva \ nijsuqne.
ustamänijsvä kalpvä bisä carye yinfme (2)7

1. May 1 encourage (be encouraging, an encourager of) every

one of the beings to caryâ,
2. may I make every Bodhisattva-career pure,
3. and may I show power in the teaching64 of the Good Course,
4. may 1 do (carry on) the whole career in the future kalpas.

XXII sattna-cariin ammartayamäno

bodhi-cariin paripürayamänah
bhadra-cariin ca prabhävayamänah
sarni anägata-kalpa careyam.

28.
3 cu hama-nasa unde pätcä mahâ | jsa caryejsa.
tlyau jsa aysi haingûjï ham ni bädä.
ttaramdarä bisä’na aysnuma paba Z65
4 \prranihqnäm cirya vasva hamtsa himämde (2)8

1. [Those] who then have the same share with me in the carya,
2. with those 1 would like to be in contact always.
63 W sarva-jagam sukhi sthäpayamänah.
64 Not in the BSkrt. text. Line 2 perhaps: “- may I create for every one the
pure B.-c.-”.
65 See glossary sub pabana-.
2*
20 Nr. 2

3. With body66, tongue, [and] mind conjoint

4. (in) the pure caryâ of the vows67 may they be together
(associated)!

XXIII ye ca sabhâgata mania caryäye

tebhi samägamu nityu bhaveyyâ
käyatu väcatu cetanato vä
eka - car i -pran idh an a careyam.

29.
cû ra hayunidausti jsa main hye nva tsimde.
49 v 1 ttyäm nijsvqnüqslä | paindi bhadra-carye jsa.
ttyau jsa mqha vï hamgüjsi hamäve.
2 tti jsäm aysä [z/sä] ysathvä ma vi[rä]ra | me gvqna 29

1. [Those] who now with friendship follow (go according to)

the good of me68,
2. on the path to the teachers in accordance with the Good
Course,
3. may there for me be a meeting with them.
4. May I indeed not annoy them in [my future] births.

XXIV ye >pi ca miträ mama hita-kämä

b h a dr a-car ïya n i darsay i I ärah
tebhi samägamu nityu bhaveyyâ
tains ca ahain na virägayi jätu.

30.
dijsqne ba'ysäm sadharmä pabastä
3 sirka ba’ysünä car y a vasve yi-2-a\me69.
hâpïyïï bhadrra-carye hïya hauva.
ustamämjsyäin kalpvä bürd vasva aharsta 30

1. May I continously hold the good Law of the Buddhas,

2. may I make the good Buddha-career pure (practise the
good pure B.-c.),
66 ttaramdarä for ttaramdaräna (-darna) in group-inflection.
67 Cfr. D. T. Suzuki, op. cit. p. 307-310, where Vasubandhu’s Bodhicitta III
on the ten pranidhânas is quoted.
68 BSkrt. “my hits (advantage, welfare, good)”.
69 For yi-nï-me.
Nr. 2 21

3. may the power of the Good Course be known70,

4. unbroken, pure throughout the future kalpas.

XXVI dhärayamämi jinäna sad-dharmam71

bodhi-carim paridîpayamdnah
bhadra-carim ca visodhayamdnah
sarvi anägata-kalpa careyam.

31.
4 |/ first Jidda daime bisd sqmuha: ba’ysd.
karvfnd ba1 ysä püryau parse
* jsa hand sa.
50 r 1 llyäm äsand pü\jä pajsam hairstä yinfme.
üstimämjsyüä kalpvä akhajqme nvaiya (3)1

1. I see72 all the Buddhas present (face to face), in visible

form (in person),
2. together with the assembly of the Buddha-sons surrounding.
3. May I truly do worship [and] honour worthy of them
4. in future kalpas without being weary (according to not-
weariness).

XXV sammukha nityam aham jina pasye

buddha-sutebhi parivrtu73* näthän™
tesu ca püja kareya udäräm
sarvi anägata-kalpa-m-akhinnah75.

32. •
2 harbisvä ysandhvä tta tta tsümacä jsq\na
punau bvqme jsa däna hva ni kasqne.
hajvattä u dasli saniiiä güstyi samädha.
3 ajäm \ja pâjçnd t buj'syäin byauda (3)2

70 -iyü and -zyu may contain 3. sg. optative -itjä and the enclitie pronoun
1. sg., nâpîyü then meaning “may it be known to me” and vasûsïyu, 56v3, “may
it be pure for me” (H. W. Bailey).
71 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.89.
72 Or: “May I see--”.
73 W buddha-sutebhi ca parivrtu.
71 W näthäm.
78 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.59.
99 Nr. 2

1. In the going76 thus indeed in all births

2. may I myself not fall77 [away] from the understanding of
the merits according to the Law.
3. Wisdom and skilful plan (resourcefulness), deliverance and
concentration
4. may the inexhaustible treasury be - - [these things that are]
possessed of virtues.

XXVII sarva-bhavesu ca samsaramänah

punyatu jnänatu aksaya-präptah
prajna-upäya-samädhi-vimoksaih
sarva-gunair bhavi aksaya-kosah.

33.
se grid nauhya: acimdya phari ksaittra.
4 vara ri jsäni ba'ysa | acimdya avamäva.
kariqnä ba'ysä para ü myqna ba'ysa.
aysü bisä baudha-carya daimi pichastd <33)

1. Inconceivable, many fields on the point of one grain of sand,

2. there indeed also inconceivable, immeasurable Buddhas,
3. the Buddha-sons surrounding and the Buddhas in the middle.
4. May 1 see78 before my eyes the whole bodhi-career of them.

XXVIII eka-rajägri rajopama-kseträ79

tatra ca ksetri acintiya buddhän
buddha-sutäna nisannaku madhye
pasyiya bodhi-carini caramänah.

34.
50 v 1 I tta vä aharfna disved vïdisvcT bisä.
dran nauliya ttradhva avamäva tti ba’ysa.
2 samqdrä mqnamdä vara \ tta ks[ttra û ba'ysa.
tti aysä ttrqmqne carya kalpa samqdrä (3)4

76 Or perhaps: “There being a going (absolutivum).

77 Cfr. P 3513.83rl (KBT 65) na kasaune hua, “may I myself not fall away
78 Or “I see .
79 W -kseträm.
Nr. 2 23

1. So now every one of them (aharjna) in the directions [and]

the subdirections,
2. on the point of a hair these innumerable Buddhas of the
three times.
3. .lust like the ocean so [are] the helds and the Buddhas there.
4. May 1 enter into those - - the oceans [which consist] of the
kalpas of the careers.

XXIX evam asesata sarua-disasu

väla-pathesii triyadhua-pramäriän
buddha-samudr1 atha ksetra-samudrän
otari80 cärika-kalpa samudrän.

35.
3 khii se suarä aingä phari jsa | ttrqmqme jsa.
brrahma-svarä hüuasue sirkä ba'ysäm pvqjne.
4 harbisäm ba’ysäin nva äsayi | pve'hä :
ba'ysünä bisädna dä pinTne aharstä (3)5

1. When 1 with the entering [into that ocean] with a single

sound-element, [a single] voice
2. shall hear the very (hü-) pure [and] beautiful Brahma­
voice of the Buddhas,
3. the sound according to the wish of all the Buddhas,81
4. may 1 [then] continously hear the Law with (from) the
Buddha-tongue.
XXX eka-svaräiiga-sanuidra-rutebhih
sarva-jinäna suarä nga-visuddhim
sarua-jagasya y at Id äsaya-ghosän
buddha-sarasuatim otari82 nityam.

36.
uarn ajqnai sd puehd: vcisue bijäsä.
51 r 1 drä-\bäduäni ba’ysqna ci uïrai pvq’ne.
dätinai cakrrä najsadd ge'sqme jsa.
2 bcdysüni hauua jsa aysd | ttramdi himqne (3)6
80 Edgerton, Grammar § 3.76.
81 Or—in connection with verse 34—“so that I - - may hear - In that
case full stop after “Buddhas” in line 3.
82 Edgerton, Grammar § 3.76. On sarasvalï cfr. Hobogirin p. 63 (sub Ben-
zaiten).
24 Nr. 2

1. This imperishable sound there [is] the pure voice

2. of the Buddhas of the three times - - may I hear it in their
presence83
3. May I with the turning of the course of the wheel of the Law
4. be able to enter84 by means of the Buddha-power.

XXXI tesu ca85 aksaya-ghosa-rutesu

sarva-triyadhva-gatäna jinänäm
cakra-nayam parivartayamäno
buddhi-balena aham praviseyam.

37.
n se-ksqnä ustamämjsya kalpa pharäka.
3 ksanyau ttrqmqma aysä ttramdä | himqne.
ca ttradhva kalpa dri-bädva si
* pamäka.
4 vara ksqrtäna ttrqmqma uspürci yinf\me (3)7

1+2. And may I in one [single] moment be able to enter into

the many future kalpas with an entering [that otherwise only
can be established] by means of [many successive] moments.
3. As to [these]86 kalpas of the three times, that [is]: three-
period-measured 8 7,
4. may I there make the entering complete in one (a) moment.

XXXII eka-ksanena anägata sarvän

kalpa-pravesa aham praviseyam
ye }pi ca kalpa triyadhva-pramänäs
tän ksana-koti-pravista careyam.

38.
cu ttradhva tsüka ttä ba'ysüna sarauva.
tti aysä bisä dimme se k(s)qnä hamamgä.
51 v 1 ttyäm hiya | hamjsara pätcä ttramdä himqne.
cä
*
yi mqnamdä güscyi haiiva prribhävana (3)8
83 Lit. “with whom may I hear it (-z in virai)”.
84 i. e. into the pure voice.
85 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.56.
86 Lit. “What [are] the kalpas - Better—with IL W. Bailey—: “What
are the 3-time ages that is the measure (measurer) consisting of 3 times”.
87 Or “- - the three-period-measure (nom. sg.)”? Cfr. Sogd. ptrri’k, “measure”,
GMS § 980.
Nr. 2 25

1 +2. May I in one moment88 see all those who [are]

these Buddha-Iions moving in the three times (adj.).
3. May I then be able to enter into the action-field of those
4. with the strength and power — like magic — of deliverance.

XXXIII ye ca triyadhva-gatä nara-simhäms69

tän ahu pasyiya eka-ksanena
tesu ca gocarim otari nityam
mäya-gatena vimoksa-balena.

39.
2 eu ttradhväm ksitträm vyühci: mi\sta uimuha:
tti aysci nvâyïme se grvïcika nauhya.
3 tti vä aharjna disvä
* vidisvä3 | bisä.
ttrqmqne ksitträm vyühi : ba'ysäm painna 39

1. What [are] the displays, the great vimoksas, of the fields of

the three times,
2. may I grasp those on the point of one small grain of sand.
3. All these without remainder in the directions [and] the inter­
mediate directions,
4. may I enter into [these] vyûhas of the fields in the presence
of the Buddhas.

XXXIV ye ca triyadhvasu ksetra-viyühäms90

tän abhinirhari eka-rajägre
evam asesata sarva-disäsu
otari ksetra-viyüha jinänäm.

40.
4 ustamämjsya ysama-samdya cärau | dijsäka.
ttyäm biysqnïme aysi dâyï cakrrina.
nirvqnda (?) daime nasq'mä tsästä nasäm’dä.
52 r 1 ä\speva jsa usalqme ba'ysäm pamna 40

1. The future lamp-holders91 in the world,

2. may I awaken (become awake) among them by the wheel
of the Law.
88 Lit. “equal to one moment”.
89 W nara-simhâs.
90 W -viyûhâs. Edgerton, Grammar §3.104.
91 i. e. the future Buddhas.
26 Nr. 2

3. May I [being] peaceful, tranquil see Nirvana, the quiescence.

4. May I exert myself with refuge (secure refuge) in front of
the Buddhas.

XXXV ye ca anägata loka-pradïpâs

testi uibudhyana cakra-pravrttim
n irurti-darsana n istha-prasân I im
sarvi aham upasamkrami nâthân.

41.
vara raidhäm pq'näin tta tta tsîme hamamgd.
2 mistä yqnä pç'nâm \ dâsqma vîjsyqne.
carye pq'naii jsa hamamgä hidjsyaii byaudä.
3 mittra pq’nau jsa hamamgä tsüma | ts[me (4)1

1. May I go (practise) thus there in agreement with the powers

of the rddhis.
2. May I see the full use of the powers of the Great Vehicle
(Mahayana).
3. May 1, being in possession of the virtues [that are] in asso­
ciation with the powers of the career,
4. make (go) [my] course (going) in accordance with the
maitri92-powers.

XXXVI rddhi-balena samanta-javena

yäna-balena samanta-mukhena
carya-balerta samanta-gunena
maitra-balena samanta-gatena.

42.
pünau pennant jsa vasvatte vî tsîme.
bvqme jsa rrastä akastä tsüma tsjme.
4 hajva\ttä u dasta samnä hüvasve pq’hä.
ba'ysüna hauva tvä hainjsämdä yinïme (4)393

1. May I go (live) in purity by the powers [coming] from the

merits.
92 The spharana-love, cfr. Edgerton p. 613.
93 Sic MS for (4)2.
Nr. 2 27

2. May I, right, not defiled94, go [my] course with knowledge

(bodhi).
3. Wisdom and skilful plans, the very pure powers,
4. the Buddha-strength - - may I be able to gather [all] that.

XXXVII punya-balena samanta-subhena

jnäna-balena asanga-gatena
prajna-upäya-samädhi-balena
b odhi-balam samudän a ya mä n a h.

43.
52 v 1 eu karmäin hauva tvä | hamjsäindä yinïme (4)395
eu karmäin hauva tvä baisä vasve yinïme.
2 23 hauva tvä bisä vamurdä yi\nïme.
klesäm1
märjna hauva vinau hauva yinïme.
hainberï bhadra-carya hauva jsa bisä (4)3

a) What [is] the power of the deeds, may I be able to gather that.
1. What [is] the power of the deeds, may I make that altogether
pure.
2. May I be able to destroy that power of the klesas altogether.
3. May I make the power of Mara powerless (without power).
4. May I fulfil the Good Course with power altogether.

XXXVIII karma-balam parisodhayamänah

klesa-balam parimardayamänah
Mära-balam abalam karamänah
pürayi bhadra-carï-baïa sarvän.

44.
3 vasüjï I ksaittra tti ba'ysüna samqdra.
hamdajÿnqne satva-dhättä samqdrä.
4 vïjsyqne dätinä mahä\samqdra .
bvqme jsa hambadä vahaiysqne samqdrä (4)4

1. May I purify these Buddha-fields, the oceans,

2. may I make the ocean [which consists] of the sattva-dhätu
ripen.
94 “right, not defiled” could also refer to tsqma, “course, going”.
95 Dittographical error (cfr. 42, line 4).
28 Nr. 2

3. May I behold the great oceans of the Law,

4. may I, filled96 with knowledge (bodhi) descend into the ocean

XXXIX ksetra-samudra visodhayamänah

sattva-samudra vimocayamânah
dharma-samudra vipasy a ya m ä n o
jnäna-samudra vigähayamänah.

45.
bisä baudhasatva samqdrä vasve yinfme.
53 r 1 I hamberï prranihqnïnai ttä samqdrä.
pichastü daime bahysünä samqdrä.
2 vina khajqme jsa kalpa ci\rye yiiqme 45

1. May I make all the Bodhisattva-ocean pure.

2. 1 wish to till the ocean of vows97.
3. May I see before me (pichastü) the ocean of the Buddhas.
4. May I without weariness carry out (make) the [throughout]
kalpa[s lasting] career.

XL carya-samudra visodhayamänah
pranidhi-samudra prapürayamänah
b uddh a-sum u dr a prap üj a y a m änah
kalpa-samudra careyam akhinnah.

46.
ba’ysÿna carya dri-bâdü vï tsüka.
utvada baudhacarya prranihqnyau jsa.
3 tti I aysä hanibädä yiiqme bisä ahar[na.9S
bvqne ba'ysüstä vasve bhadra-carye jsa (4)6

1. Going in the caryä of the Buddhas of the three times99,

2. the superior bodhi-caryä100, with vows -
96 “filled” (hambadä) could also refer to “ocean” (samqdrä).
97 The identifying adjective (“the ocean which is the vows”).
98 For hambadä, “filled”.
99 Grammatically “of the three times” (dri-bâdü.) belongs to “carya”. The
masc. form of the adjective (referring to the fem. substantive “carya”\) is caused
by the Buddha name in the adjective ba’ysqna.
100 As apposition. Or: “- with the vows of the s. b.-c.”.
Nr. 2 29

3. may I be able to fulfil all these without exception.

4. May I experience the pure101 bodhi in accordance with the
Good Course.

XL I ye ca triyadhua-gatäna jinänäm
b o dh i -car i-pran i dhäna-u ise sä h
tän ahn püraya sarui asesän102
bhadra-carïya uibudhyiya bodhim.

47.
4 hi\mqne huästä pürä ba’ysäm bisä.
hamäuam liqma tta tta khu samamttabhadrä.
53 v 1 byehyne hama-nasä \ ttye carya u buästya.
ttye namesä
* küsala bisä kira tcadämde (4)7

1. May I be the best son of the Buddhas altogether.

2. May the name lor me (my name) be just like Samantabhadra.
3. May I being a comrade of him obtain the carya and the
experience103.
4. May all goods deeds be performed according to him.

XL11 jyesthaku yah sutu sarua-jinänäm

yasya ca näma Samantatabhadrah
lasya uidusya sabhâga-carïye
nämayami kusalani imu saruam.

48.
ttaramdarä bîsâdna aysmûna uasuena.
o ttye 1 uasuatte Jsq uasüsïrnde ksiltra.
cuai nqma buästya uasva samamttabhadrä.
3 drqina pätcä mam i nua | aysmü buästya. <48;

1. With a pure104 body, tongue, [and] mind,

2. may the fields become pure with that purity.
101 Or referring to “the Good Course”.
102 W pürayi.
103 Other possibilities: 1) obtain the c. and the exp. [which is] in association
with him (i. e. -nasä mistake for -nasa > carya, fem.)”, 2) being a sharer with
him -”, 3) obtain the c. - - of him [who is] of the same share”.
104 Referring to all three words.
30 Nr. 2

3. Samantabhadra whose (who for him) name is pure exper­

ience105,
4. may such [a name] hereafter be mine according to the ex­
perience of the mind.

XLIII käyatu väca manasya visuddhis

carya-visuddhy at ha ksetra-idsuddhih
yädrsa nämana bhadra-vidusya
tädrsa bhotii samam mama tena.

49.
baudhasatvä mamjüsrî sürî bväscya.
si> vä sam samamttabhadrä hauva pacida.
4 I ttyäm iiiiniesii> aysä bisä säjamdai ime.
uspürä ra kïra kiisala carye yinfme (4)9

1. The Bodhisattva ManjusrT’s experience (knowledge) of bra­

very
2. [and] likewise this also, the power of Samantabhadra,
3. may 1 following these be a learner of everything,
4. may I also make the good deeds of the career complete.

XLIV bhadra-carïya samanta-subhdye

Ma hjus ir ï-pran idh â n a care y a n i
sarvi anâgata-kalpa-m106-akhinnah
pürayi lâni kriya sarvi asesâm.

50.
54 r 1 avamâ | va vaisthârya carya himâte.
hamkhïysâ vastä parye bvaijse miste,
tta tvâ avamävqnä hambädä107 yinïme
2 I bvÿne ba’ysÿnâ tti prrahâlye raidhü 50

1. May the carya be immeasurable, extensive,

2. the great merits passed beyond counting,
105 Or “Just as his name S. is pure exp., may -”, i. e. cu - - drqma (what
is - - may such -).
106 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.59. Cfr. XXV, 4.
107 Sic MS for humbadä, cfr. note 98.
Nr. 2 31

3. may 1 thus be able to till this numberlesness,

4. may I experience (awaken to) these magic Buddha-perfor-
mances (these Buddha-miracle-powers).

XLV no co pramänu bhaveyya cariye

no co pramänu bhaveyya gunänäm
apramäna106 cariyäya sthihitvä
jänayi sarvi vikiirvitii tesäm.

51.
khn burii ttaisthqma i ävasii3 prrare.
3 bisii sadhättii \ vasvattä tta tta äya.
vasüsïnide satväni bisii karma klesa3.
4 vasva prranihqna mamî pä\tcä ma jämde (5)1

1. Whatever end there may be to the nature of the sky109,

2. may purity so be associated with the elements altogether.
3. May all the karma-afflictions of the beings become pure.
4. May my pure vows then not fail (perish).

XLVI yävata nistha nabhasya bhaveyya

sattva asesata nistha tathaiva
karmatu klesatu yävata nisthä
tävata-nistha mama pranidhänam.

52.
ci dasaii disi3 vï ranmïnâ ksittra
älamgrya ba3ysâm aysii haistii yinïme.
54 v 1 ja\stijna hvïya sühaja püjâi-karma.
haudâ yinï grïcyau kalpyâni jsa ananitta (5)2

1+2. May I be able to offer to the Buddhas the jewel-decorated

fields110 that [are] in the ten directions.
3 + 4. May I be able to give the divine [and] human, from happiness
derived acts of worship, innumerable [compared] with the
kalpas, with the grains of sand.
108 W apramänu.
109 Lit. “As much as the end may be
110 Lit. “What (who) in the ten directions [are] the fields of jewels, decorated,
may I -
32 Nr. 2

XLVIl ye ca dasad-disi111 ksetra anantä

ratna-alamkrtu dadyu112 jinänäm
divya ca mänusa saukhya visistäin
ksetra-rajopama-kalpa dadeyam.

53.
2 ci tvâ parinÿma\na rrumdä mÿhamdd hvästa113
pvä’kä hve cankai ji hä vaudä ysyäte.
3 carye ba’ysüni äyi\ mÿnai qna.
pirmättama tvada ttye tta püha himäre (5)3

1. A man who hears -like114 a supreme king (like a king, the

best)- this doctrine (development),
2. so much inclination 115 now will be born in that direction
for him
3. who is (being) a desirer of the Buddha-career,
4. excellent, distinguished thus are (may be) for him the merits.

XL VIII yas ca imam parinämana-räjam

srutva sakrj janayed adhimuktim
bodhi-varäm anuprärthayamäno
agru visista bhaved imu punyam.

54.
4 aväyäm phïsÿma nataii ttye\jsa.
asidyau ra hayunyau phïsÿma pätcä.
thyaii rraysgä vira daitä armyäyi ba'ysä (5)4
55 r 1 ci 1 parinÿme bhadra-carya uvära.

1. By him there certainly [is] a turning aside from the evil states,
2. then (pätcä) also (ra) the avoidance of (a turning aside
from) evil friends.
3. Quickly, instantly he sees the Buddha Amitäyus,
4. he who ripens (develops) this noble Bhadra-caryâ.
111 Edgerton, Grammar § 2.79.
112 W kurya.
113 Better hvästä.
114 The BSkrt. text has no comparison.
115 vaudä, nom. (with passive), translating adhimuktim, acc. (with causative).
Nr. 2 33

XLIX varjita tena bhavanti apäyä

varjita tena bhavanti kumitråh
ksipru sa pasyati tam Amitäbham
*
yasg imu116 bhadra-cari-pranidhänam.

56.
hä hübyauda jsfna vasva ttyäin mara bvqnä.
2 hütsve tsvämdä | pamda tta llye hvi ysamthä vira,
cirqmai vasva carya samanittabhadrä (5)6117
3 ttai pätcä tta tta byehim\dä rraysgä vT thyau.

1. From this point (hä) the well-obtained pure life of those118

here must be recognized (known).
2. Well-arrived they have thus gone their way to this human
birth.
3. Such as [is] the pure career of Samantabhadra,
4. so may they then quickly, instantly thus obtain it.

L läbha sulabdha sujivitu tesäm

sv-ägata te imu mänusa janma
yädrsa so hi Samantatabhadras
te >pi tathä na-cirena bhavanti.

57.
sai anamtlanarya bisä tsijma ttriksa.
pamjsa yudi ijadi tsüme rräsa
*
4 I tvä vasva bhadra-carya hvqhamcä qna (5)7
aharfnai rraysgä ttä karma harbäsä järe.

1+2. Has he practiced the sharp goings (ways of life) [resulting]

even in the live änantarya under the influence of [his] going
going (course) of stupidity,
3. then being a preacher of this pure Bhadra-carya
4. quickly, with nothing left over for him all these karmas dis­
appear (perish).

116 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.23.

117 Sic MS. No 55.
118 i. e. “die Frommen der geschildertem Art”, Leumann, Watanabe p. 48.
Hist.Filos.Medd. Dan.Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2. 3
34 Nr. 2

LI päpaka panca anantariyäni

yena ajhäna-vasena krtäni
so iinu bhadra-carim bhanamänah
ksipru pariksayu bhoti asesain.

58.
55 v 1 rilna buÿ\me jsa laksa'nyau jsa si3 bisä.
güttairrna bu3jsyau hamphve hand aüskä.
2 ana-ttïrthyâm märihäm g au3 jsa a\khaustä. <58>
pajsamadä jastyau hvqndyau jsa ttri-lqkä.

1. Possessed (line 2) of [fine] form, understanding, the marks

altogether,
2. family, virtues he is ever
3. unmoved by the troops of sectaries [and] of Mära,
4. honoured by devas, by men in the Triloka119.

LII jnänatu riipatu laksanatas ca

varnatu gotratu bhoti-r-upetah120
tïrthika-Mära-ganebh ir adhrsyah
püjitu bhoti sa sarva-triloke.

59.
thyaii jsävi ba3ysfinä rruindä di bahyästä
3 I khii tsva haine satuäni hye udisäyi naittä.
bntti ba3ysüstä dharma-cakrrä prravartte 59
4 gü\jsaba3ji ntärä hiya tvä h[na visü3na.

1. Quickly he goes beneath the royal tree of bodhi121

2. when he has gone [there], he sits for the good of beings.
3. He attains bodhi, he turns the wheel of the Law,
4. he disperses the evil army of Mära.

LUI ksipru sa gacchati bodhi-drumendra122

gatva123 nisldati sattva-hitäya
budhyati bodhi pravartayi cakra
dharsayi Marti sa-sainyaku saruani.
119 i. e. the earth, the middle-world, and the heaven.
120 Edgerton, Grammar § 4.62.
121 Lit. “the king-tree of bodhi”.
122 W bodhi-drumendram. To this and W cakram in line 3 cfr. Edgerton,
Grammar § 8.31 If.
123 gatva = Khot. khu tsva hame.
Nr. 2 35

60.
eu si3 eu tvä parinqmana bhadra-cirya.
56 r 1 daiysda â | vase3 haindarqnd bîrâse3.
ttyâni pûnâin vîvâvina ba3ysdna butte 60
2 ba3ysûstd bvâri tti byq\mâ na ni tcerai.

1. He who124 this transformation of the Bhadra-caryâ

2. holds or recites [and] explains to others,
3. he understands by the ripening of those merits, as a Bud­
dha125.
4. They attain bodhi. Perplexity will not be caused to them.

LIV go inm bhadra-cari-pranidhänani

dhärayi väcayi desayito ved26
buddha vijänati yo 3tra vipäko
bodhi visista nia käiiksa janetha.

61.
cu ttradhväm ba3ysyau sä3 ysüsta u hvata.
3 parinqmana disina pïrnultlaina u\ska.
aysï vyachïmi küsala cary a uvära (6)1
sä3 desina bhadra-carya uspîïra himäve.

1+2. That which is this teaching of parinämanä, the best, exalted,

approved and taught (spoken) by the Buddhas of the three
limes,
3. may I realize it, the excellent noble caryä.
4. May the Bhadra-carya desanä be perfected.

LV1 sarva-triyadhva-gatebhi jinebhir

yä parinämana varnita agrä
tâya aham kiisalam inm sarvani
nâmayamï vara-bhadra-carïye127.
121 Lit. “(he) who is he who” (eu si’ eu). Cfr. ca si’ ci, P 2026.30, KT 111,49
and Jâtakast. 38r4. See Zur nordarischen Spr. 115.
125 Predicative instrumental? Or “by the help of the Buddha”?
126 desay’ ito vâ, Edgerton, Grammar § 4.25.
127 BSkrt. LV : Manjusirï yatha (Edgerton, Gram. §3.27) jänati surah
so (Edgerton, Gram. § 4.48) ca Samantatabhadra tathaiva
tesu aham anusiksayamâno
nâmayamï kusalam imu sarvam.
It has no distinct parallel in the Khot. text, but only a slight affinity to Khot,
verse 64.
3*
36 Nr. 2

62.
4 I käla-krre ustamauysye tsüme128 bida.
ävarana karma bisa aharï jämde.
56 v 1 pichastü daime ava\sä armyäyi ba'ysä <62)
sühäva ksitträ vasve thyau hä ts[me.

1. Involved (?) in the act of death, the last course,

2. may the deeds of obstruction all without exception perish.
3. May 1 surely see before my eyes (pichastü) the Buddha
Amitäyus.
4. May I go away quickly to the pure Sukhävati land.

LV1I käla-kryäm ca aham karamäno

ävaranän vinivartiya sarvän
sammukha pasyiya tarn Amitäbham
tam ca Sukhävati-ksetra vrajeyam.

63 + 64.
vara tsva qna tti prranihqna uvära
2 cü bu\ri vä ha'cä yudai pyamtsä vastîde.
vyärqma aysii vara byehïme akhausta (6)3
3 pichastü \ sqmuhd : ttye armyäyi ba'ysna.

1. [For me] having gone there may these noble vows,

2. as many as I have ever made, stand in front [of me].
3. May 1 there attain a vyäkarana, unmoved,
4. of the manifest Amitäyus in person as Buddha129.

vasüsïyu bhadra-carya pyamtsästä vaska

4 prranihqna ha\rbisä tta khu mamjüsrï.
ustamämjsvä kalpvä bisä carye yiiiTme (6)4
hambïrï ma sä' krra bisa ahar[na

1+2. May for the future every vow of the Bhadra-caryä

become pure, just as [in the case of] ManjusrI.
3. In the future kalpas may I practise the caryä completely.
4. May this whole kriyä-act without exception be fulfilled for me.
128 Hendiadys käla-krre - - ustamauysye tsqme.
129 Cfr. note 125. Better: from the m. Buddha A.” (ttye as general obi.
case). Likewise verse 65.4: from -- Buddha A.” (IL W. Bailey).
130 W bhaveyu.
Nr. 2 37

LVIII tatra gatasya imi pranidhänä

ämukhi sarvi bhaveyyii samagräh
tårns ca aham paripürya asesän
sattva-hitam kari yävata loke.

65.
57 r 1 baj/sünä mqndalä ysqnastä uvärä.
vïysana vara byehïme upapattä ysamthä.
2 vara stqna vyä\rna byehfme aysä 65
pichastü armyäyi ttye sarvqnä ba'ysna.

1. In the Buddha’s beautiful, noble circle

2. in the lotus there may I attain upapatti-birth, birth,
3. There may I attain the vyäkarana
4. of this all-knowing Amitäyus in person, as a Buddha131.

L1X tahi jina-mandali sobhani ramye

padma-vare rucire upapannah
vyäkaranam ahu tatra labheyyä132
sa nimukhato Amitäbha-j i na sy a.

66.
3 khu vyärna byaudi yinüm va\ra stain aysä.
narmqnyau avamävyau kidyäin ttï.
4 ttyäm jsa aysä satväm hävä yudä yi\nïme (6)6
hauva bvqme jsa disänd vidasänf bisä.

1. When 1 have there been able to attain the vyäkarana,

2. then through countless kotis (millions) of nirmäna bodies,
3. may I be able to make blessing for those beings,
4. with power [and] bodhi, in all the directions [and] sub­
directions.

LX vyäkaranam pratilabhya ca tasmin

nirmita-koti-satebhir anekaih
sattva-hitäni bahüny ahu kuryäm
diksii dasasv api buddhi-balena.
131 Cfr. note 125.
132 W labheyâ.
38 Nr. 2

67.
bhadra-carye parinqmana jsa cii byauda linde.
57 v 1 pü\ha ane'scya pïrmâttami utvadirüve.
vyaysanvä vpna parauysamdä satva (6)7
2 ttyau pühau tsundä bai\sä armyäya ksittra.

1 + 2. What merits—by the development of the Bhadra-caryâ —end­

less, exceedingly excellent, have been attained,
3 + 4. by those merits133 may the beings drowning in the disasters,
in the sea all go to the field of Amitäyus.

LXII bhadra-cariin parinäinya yad-äptam

puny am anantam atïva visistam
tena jagad vyasanaugha-nimagnain
yätv Ainitäbha-purini varam eva.

68.
bhadra-carye prranihqnyäni hvqhqme jsa.
3 cu mara hamjsämdä pqhä | ttinka masûin.
se ksqnä jsa harbisa sijîdi main.
himämde satväni prranihqna vasva (6)8

1. With preaching of vows of the Bhadra-caryâ,

2. what so many merits have been accumulated here,
3. may they in one moment all succeed for me.
4. May the vows of the beings become pure.

LXI bhadra-cari-pranidhäna pathitvä

y at basa lain mayi sanicitu kiineit
eka-ksanena samrdhyatu sarvam
tena jagasya subhain pranidhänam.

69.134
4 tti\na pühdna gainbhîrii da bhäviha nvaiya
satva-dhättä bväve vasva aysinü prrara .
58 r 1 ci buri ttye | desaha vï hamara135 rrihäsa.
vamasjme aysä avasä ba'ysä himqne nqda :
133 cü. püna---- ttyau pünau.
134 Prayer added by the Khotanese translator.
Nr. 2 39

1. By this merit following upon the concentration (bhävanä)

of the profound Law (dharma)
2. may the mass of beings (sattvadhätu) attain to knowledge
of the pure nature136 of understanding137.
3. Whatever may be the secrets in this desanä,
4. may 1 experience [them]. May I surely become a Buddha.
Obeisance!

Colophon
2 bhadra-carya-desana üspüra samäsyä j|#w 138

The Bhadracaryadesana is complete, ended.

135 Read hamära. MS /ia-ma-ra.
136 = prrara = BSkrt. prakrti.
137 = aysmû = vijnäna.
138 Written between spû & ra:
 Glossary
a, â, ai, au, b, bh, c, ch, d, dh, e, g, h, i-î, j-gy, js, k, kh, m,
n-n-n, p, ph, r-rr, s, s, s, t-tt, le, th, ts, u-ü, v, y, ys.

acimdya-, “unbelievable, unthinkable, unthought’’.

« + past part, cimdya- to pres, stem cimd- (H. W. Bailey),
cfr. Dresden 473. BSkrt. acintiya, Edgerton p. 6.
50 r 3 (nom. plur.), 50 r 4 (idem.)
agamjsa-, “faultless”.
Cfr. gamjsa-, “fault”, Dresden 472. E aggamjsa-.
48 r 1 {agamjsä, nom. sg.)
ahari, “without exception”.
« + hart- (also harya-, older harita-'), past part, to pres, stem
harïj-, “to leave behind”, see Dresden 490.
56 r 4.
aharïna-, “without remainder, with nothing left out, entire, al­
together”.
Benders BSkrt. asesa. Cfr. aharïnaka-, “all”, Siddhasära
133 r 3 (KT 1.66). Adj. formed from aharï-, q. v.
44 r 3 (acc. plur.), 44 v 2 (idem), 48 v 1 (nom. plur.), 50 v 1
(idem), 51 v2 (nom.-acc. plur.), 53 r 3 (acc. plur.), 55 r 4
(nom. plur. + -z, encl. pron. 3. sg.), 56 v 4 (nom. sg. fem.)
aharsta-, “unbroken, continous”.
« + past part, harsta- to pres, stem har{i)s-, “to break, split”,
cfr. Dresden 490 sub harsta-.
49 v 3 (nom. sg. fem.), 50 v 4 (adverb).
ahatcasta-, “undamaged”.
fl + past part, hatcasta-, Dresden 489, “broken”, pres, stem
hatcan-.
48 r 1 (nom. sg.)
ajämja-, “inexhaustible”.
50 e 2-3 (nom. sg. fem.)
ajÿnaa-, “imperishable”.
44 v 2 (nom.-acc. plur.), 50 v 4 (ajqnai, nom. sg.)
Nr. 2 41

akasta-, “not fallen, undefiled, not in contact”.

fl-privativuin and past part, kasta-, pres, stein kas-. See Bai­
ley, Asia Major 11,31.
48 v 2-3 (nom. piur., rendering BSkrt. asaktah, “not in con­
tact”), 52 r 3 (nom. sg.)
akhajqma, “absence of tiredness, fatigue”.
From khaj- (also khij-, khej-), “to be tired” and -äma ((äma-
tä-'). Cfr. akhajamdai, “unwearied”, St. H. 61. BSkrt. khijjati,
khijjate, Skrt. khidyate, Edgerton p. 205.
50 r 1 (obi. sg.)
akhausta-, “unmoved”.
a + past part, of khoys-, “to move, shake, change”. The forms
akhästa- and akhosta- are also known. Cfr. Bailey, Iranian
Studies V, BSOS VIII, 127-128 and Ilya Gershevitch, BO
XV, 1958, p. 263. See BSOAS XXIII,33.
43 v 4 (nom. sg.), 55 v 1-2 (nom. sg., translating BSkrt.
adhrsya-, “unassailed“, verse 52,3), 56 v 2 (acc. sg.).
ainga-, “limb, member”.
E anga-, amgga-. Skrt. anga.
50 v 2 (ainga - jsa)
amjalä, Skrt. anjali.
amjalä stqna translating BSkrt. pränjali-bhütah, verse 11,
line 2. Skrt. pränjali, adj., “with the folded hands out­
stretched”. Nebenstücke 57.17 amjalä dasta ynde, “he made
the anjali-hands”. Cfr. S. Lefmann : Lalita Vistara, Berlin
1874, p. 207.
46 r 4—v 1 (nom. sg.)
anattïrthya-, “of other tirtha, sectary”.
BSkrt. anyatîrthika, Pali anna-titthiya, Edgerton p. 41 & 254.
55 v 1 (gen. plur.)
anävarina-, “without obstruction, without defilement”.
Skrt. anävarana-.
44 r 1 (nom. plur.)
anamaud-, “approve of, bless, rejoice in”.
E has armüv-, XI 1.70 bis. Skrt. anumoda-, anumodaya-, Pali
anumodati. Cfr. Skrt., Pali anumodana, neutr., BSkrt. ami-
modanä, “thanks, gratification, blessing, approval”, E ar-
mütanä-, XI 1.74. See Zur nordarischen Spr. p. 105.
46 r 2 (pres. 1. sg.)
42 Nr. 2

anamtta-, “endless, without number’’.

44 v 1 (nom. piur.), 54 v 1 (acc. piur.)
anamttanarya-, adj. sc. kira- (karman), “action causing endless
hells, bringing immediate retribution, deadly sin’’.
BSkrt. anantariya. Cfr. änantarya, Pali anantariya-, Edger­
ton p. 20 & 95—96. Cfr. Zur nordarischen Spr. p. 34-35 and
Bailey, Handbuch p. 135. Ap. 20 pamjsa anamttanarya kira.
The live actions are 1) killing of father, 2) mother, 3) an
arhant, 4) causing dissension in the order of monks, and
5) deliberately causing a Tathägata’s blood to flow. See
W. Bang and A. von Gabain : Türkische Turfan-Texte. IV,
SPAW 1930, 437.
55 r 3 (loc. sg. with bisä)
ane'scya-, ane'stya-, “unending”.
To Av. ni-sad-. Jätakast. 39 r 3 ani'scya-. Cfr. Dresden 477
sub na’scyä-.
44 v 2 (acc. sg.), 57 v 1 (nom. plur.)
ane'stya-, see sub ane'scya-.
anüvarttqka-, “encourager, encouraging”.
On -âka- cfr. Dresden 417 & 418. BSkrt. anuuartaka, Edger­
ton p. 33. Cfr. E anuvartt-.
49 r 1 (nom. sg., translating BSkrt. anunartayamäno)
armyäya-, Amitäyus (i. c. a-mita-äyus, “of infinite life”).
Bailey BSOAS X,908. Bhadrakalpikä-sütra 359 (KBT 80)
amitäyur. E armätäyä.
54 v 4 (acc. sg.), 56 v 1 (idem), 56 v 3 (gen. sg.), 57 r 2
(idem), 57 v 2 (idem).
artha-, “thing, object, meaning, aim”.
Also E. Skrt. idem.
47 v 2 (nom. plur.)
arrvä-, “medicine, drug”.
E aruucV-.
45 v 1 (nom.-acc. plur.)
astä, “he is”.
Tumsuq asti. E astä.
43 v 4.
asida-, “imperfect, bad”.
Skrt. asiddha-. E asäda-.
Nr. 2 43

45 v 4 (as[däna, instr, sg.), 48 r 4 (asida, nom. plur.), 54 v 4

(abl. plur.)
atvadirîive, see utvadirüve.
avamäta-, “immeasurable”.
44 v 3 (avainäva, plur. mase, instead of fem. because of the
loose distinction in gender in later Khotanese, cfr. Dresden
410. It could, however, be a mere mistake), 50 r v (avamäva,
nom. plur.), 50 v 1 (idem), 53 v 4—54 r 1 (nom. sg. fem.),
57 r 3 (auainävyau, instr, plur.)
avaniäuqha-, “numberlessness, immeasurableness”.
Suffix -aha (-oha, -anna), Bailey, BSOAS X,598.
54 r 1 (acc. sg.)
avasa-, “without doubt, certain”.
E avassd, Skrt. avasya-.
56 r 4-v 1 (acc. = adv., “certainly, surely”), 58 r 1 (idem)
avärautta-, “unattached, unbased”.
Cfr. Konow in Hoernle, p. 346 sub pärah.
43 v 4 (nom. sg.)
aväya-, “misfortune, ruin, evil state”.
BSkrt. apaya, Edgerton p. 46. There are three evil states (in
hells, as animals, as ghosts) (= durgati). Cfr. E. J. Thomas:
State of the dead (Buddhist), EBE XI,1920, p. 829 f.
48 v 3 (gen. plur.), 54 v 3 (idem)
ayaisce, “I am devoted to, bless”.
P 2893.7—8 ayaiscyâ(nï)dâ, prêt. 3. plur. (KT III.82). Cfr.
BSOAS X,905. Skrt. adhistha- (as for the commonly adopted
meaning “bless” cfr. Edgerton p. 13). -stha- instead of -se­
in the Khot. word would have been a better reading, Ind the
characteristic left turned hook of the c is very distinctly
marked in the MS (-sce-6-n-)
44 v 2 (pres, middle 1. sg., translating BSkrt. adhiinucyami,
“1 am earnestly devoted to”, see Edgerton p. 14)
aysci, “I”, pers. pron. l.sg. nom.
E aysu, Tumsuq asu. Later Khot. also aysa, aysi, and a
(P 5538.29, BSOS IX,530).
44 r 2-3, 44 v 4 (aysü, I-----them, encl. pers. pron. 3. plur.),
45 r 1, 45 v 4, 46 r 3, 46 r 4, 46 v 3, 47 v 2, 3, 4, 48 r 3, 49 r 3
(aysi), 49 v 1, 50 r 4 (aysü, I---- of them), 50 v 2, 51 r 1,
44 Nr. 2

51 r 2, 51 r 4, 51 v 2, 51 v 4 (aysi), 53 r 3, 53 v 4, 54 r 4, 56 r 3
(aysï = ayså + -ï), 56 v 2, 57 r 2, 57 r 3 bis, 58 r 1.
aysmua-, “mind, understanding (vijnäna)”.
44 r 3 (instr, sg.), 44 v 1 (idem), 45 r 1 (idem), 45 v 4 (idem),
49 r 3 (idem), 53 v 1 (idem), 53 v 3 (gen. sg.), 57 v 4 (aysmü
prrara)

à, “or, and’’.
48 v 2, 55 v 4.
àjïs-, “request, pray to’’.
Skrt. adhyes-, Edgerton p. 18. Cfr. H. Lüders: Zur Geschichte
und Geographie Ostturkestans, SPAW 1922, 256. Bailey,
BSOAS XI 11,921.
46 r 3 (pres, l.sg.)
åjisq'ma, “requesting, supplication’’.
46 v 2 (àjïsq'me (jsa))
ålamgrya-, “decorated”.
Skrt. alamkrta.
54 r v (nom.-acc. plur.)
-am, end. pers. pron. 3. plur.
See Dresden 412.
44 r 4 (harbisäm, q. v., if not gen. plur.), 46 r 2 (baudhasat-
våm, or gen. plur.), 47 r 4 (cvam, cu + -am, what of them),
48 r 4 (cvam, who of them, i. e. whose), 48 v 4 (bisåm, all of
them)
ünn-, “silting”.
Pres. part, medio-passive of åh-, often used as an emphatic
or connecting particle. Dresden 469 and Konow, Primer § 83,
p. 51.
45 r 1 (åm), 48 v 2 (<5m), 54 v 3 (qua), 55 r v (qnn), 56 v 1
(qua)
årra-, “sin, deficiency”.
E årra-, Skrt. rna-, cfr. Sogd. ’m and Av. arana- in aranaf.
caësa-, Yt. 10.35, H. W. Bailey, BSOS VI,71-72, TPS 1959,
73, and J. Duchesne-Guillemin : Les composes de l’Avesta,
1936, p. 76.
45 v 4 (acc. sg.)
åriiva-, “refuge”.
Dresden 369 (årava-, åråva-, årva-).
46 v 4 (åriiva /sa)
Nr. 2 45

ôsa’-, “sky”.
Latest form of ävasa'-, Skrl. äkäsa-,
48 v 2 (loc. sg.)
äsaya-, “wish, thought, mental disposition”.
Skrt. äsaya, Pali äsaya.
50 v 3 (naa äsayk)
äsa'na-, “worthy”.
Dresden 469, Bailey, BSOAS X,598 and TPS 1952,57. Tocha-
rian äsäin, see Konow, NTS XIII,210, Bailey, BSOS VIII,914.
49 v 4 (äsand, acc. sg.)
-ästä, -ästi, “towards”.
Old Khot. -älstu, -älsto, Dresden 469.
46 v 3 (~ti), 47 r 2 (-/«), 47 r 4 (-/ä), 49 r 4 (nijsvqnüqstä),
55 v 2 (dl bahyästa), 56 v 3 (pyamtsästä vaska)
äsna-, “first, previous”.
äsnai = Tib. thog-mar, BSOS VIII,118.
43 v 1.
äspätä-, “refuge”.
Cfr. E p. 398 and Dresden 469.
51 v 4-52 r 1 (äspeva jsa)
ävama-, “wish, desire”.
E ätama-, Dresden 469. From * äkäma-,
47 r 2 (nom. sg.), 47 v 2 (nom. plur.)
ävarana-, “hindrance, obstruction”.
BSkrt. ävarana, Edgerton p. 107. Cfr. E. Conze : Buddhist
Wisdom Books, London 1958, p. 95.
56 r 4 (ävarana karma, nom. plur.)
ävasa'-, “sky”.
Skrt. äkäsa-,
54 r 2 (gen. sg.)
äya, ‘‘may it be”, opt. 3. sg.
See Dresden 414, note 70.
54 r 3.
äyätc-, “request”.
Skrt., Pali ä-yäc-, “request, beg, implore, pray to”.
46r4 (pres. 1. sg.)
äyimqnaa-, “desirer”.
Cfr. ätama-, “wish”, and ätlmätä = äylmätä, “he wishes”,
E XIII,57,58.
54 v 2-3 (nom. sg.)
46 Nr. 2

äysda + yan-, “to take under one’s protection”.

Cfr. Dresden 470 and Ilya Gershevitch, BO XV, 1958, p. 263.
44 r 1.
aurgä-, “reverence, homage”.
Also orga-, e. g. Vajr. 3 b II. Cfr. Reichell, Idg. Jahrb. 1,24
(see W. B. Henning, BSOAS XI,487, note 2), .Jarl Charpentier,
MO XVIII, 1924, p. 26, Saka Studies p. 119 & 189, and Ko-
now, Gram. p. 108.
43 v 1 (aurga (jsa)'), 44 r 4, 46 v 2 (aürgyi)
aùskci, “eternally, ever”.
E osku, ausku. Cfr. Zur nordarischen Spr. p. 32.
55 v 1.

bahya-, “tree”.
Dresden 481.
55 v 2 (dl bahyästa)
ba" y sa-, Buddha.
Later Khot. also bai’ysa-, be'ysa-, E balysa-, Tumsuq bärsa-
and bärza-, cfr. Bailey in the Adyar Library Bulletin XX,230,
T PS 1956,109.
43 v 4 (nom. plur.), 44 r 4 (gen. plur.), 44 v 1 (nom. plur.),
44 v 2 (instr, plur.), 44 v 3-4 (gen. plur.), 45 r 1 (gen. plur.,
replacing the dative), 45 r 3 (idem), 45 v 1 (bis. acc. plur. &
gen. plur.), 45 v 2 (gen. plur., taking up the gen. plur. of
line 1), 46 r 3 (acc. plur.), 46 v 4 (bis, nom.-acc. plur. & gen.
plur.), 47 r 1 (acc. plur.), 47 v 4 (gen. plur.), 48 r 3 (idem),
49 v 2 (idem), 49 v 4 (acc. plur.), 50 r 3 (nom. plur.), 50 r 4
(idem), 50 v 1 (idem), 50 v 2 (idem), 50 v 3 (bis, gen. plur.),
51 r 1 (ba'ysqna, gen. plur.), 51 v 3 (gen. plur.), 52 r 1 (idem),
53 r 4 (idem), 54 r 4 (dat.-gen. plur.), 54 v 4 (acc. sg.), 56 r 1
(instr, sg.), 56 r 2 (instr, plur.), 56 v 1 (acc. sg.), 56 v 3
(instr, sg.), 57 r 2 (idem), 58 r 1.
bed y sei püra-, “Buddha-son”.
Pali Buddhaputto. P 2787.168 (.IRAS 1942,18 & 24) baiysa-
piira.
44 v 1 (nom. plur.), 46 r 1 (idem), 47 r 4 (nom. plur., where
-in conformity with ttyäm- gen. plur. should have been ex­
pected, but see sub u, “and”), 49 v 4 (instr, plur.), 50 r 4
(nom. plur.)
Nr. 2 47

ba'ysäna-, adj. “Buddha-”.

E balysäna-.
43 v 3 (ba'ysqnä, acc. sg.)
ba'ysfüia-, “connected with Buddha, Buddha-”.
E balysüna-.
44 r 2 (nom. plur.), 47 v 2 (acc. plur.), 49 v 2 (acc. sg.),
50 v 4 (ba'ysünä bisä’na, group-inflection, translating BSkrt.
buddha-sarasvatï), 51 r 1 (ba'ysüni hauva jsa), 51 r 4 (nom.
plur.), 52 r 4 (nom. sg. fern.), 52 v 3 (acc. plur.), 53 r 1 (acc.
sg.), 53 r 2 (ba'ysüha carya---- vi), 54 r 2 (acc. plur.), 54 v 2
(obl. sg. fern), 55 v 2 (ba'ysühä rrumdä, obl. sg. ; here rather
= bodhi, cfr. the BSkrt. text), 57 r 1 (obl. sg.)
ba’ysüsti-, “Buddha-hood, bodhi”.
Older Khot. balysüsti-.
46 v 3 (ba’ysüstästi, with -ästi, “towards”), 47 r 2 (bajjsüstä-
sta), 53 r 3 (ba'ysüstä, acc. sg.), 55 v 3 (idem), 56 r 1 (idem)
bäda-, “time”.
From * varta-, Bailey, BSOS VI,63. Cfr. Dresden 481.
43 v 4-44 r 1 (acc. sg.), 47 v 3 (hain vi bädi), 49 r 3 (ham vi
bä da)
bäysdyamdaa-, “observant”.
Pres. part. Io bäysdy-, E bäysdai-, “rückblicken, beachten”.
Il translates BSkrt. pesalu (Pali pesala).
48 r 3 (nom. sg.)
baudha-caryä-, “bodhi-career, bodhi-course”.
50 r 4 (acc. sg.), 53 r 2 (baudhacarya prranihqnyau jsa)
baudha-cittä, “thought of enlightenment”.
Skrt. bodhicitta, Edgerton p. 402. The bodhicitta destroys the
world of illusion (parikalpa, Edgerton p. 320) and false
discrimination (vikalpa, samkalpa, Edgerton p. 480 & 545).
Cfr. E p. 50 and Kha 0012 a, 135, verso 2 f., KBT 11.
48 r 4 (acc. sg.)
baudhasatva-, Skrt. bodhisattva.
P 2742.20, KT 111,56 baudasatva. E bodhisatva, baudhisatva.
43 v 2 (acc. sg.), 43 v 4 (instr, plur.), 46 r 2 (gen. plur. or
nom. plur. + -äm, encl. pers. pron. 3. plur., “them”, cfr.
Dresden 412), 49 r 1 (baudhasatva carya), 52 v 4 (baudha­
satva samqdra), 53 v 3 (gen. sg.)
48 Nr. 2

baudha-vrraiksa-, “Bodhi-tree”.
Skrt. vrksa-, “tree”. On the treatment of Skrt. r in Khot. see
Bailey, Hvatanica III, BSOS IX,540.
47 r 4 (gen. sg. with dîna)
bida is ambiguous. Here perhaps it could stand for older beda,
loc. sg. to bäda-, “time”. But bida in Old Khot. (Kha 0012 a,
135, verso 3, KBT 11) would be an adjective from vart-,
“turn, exist” or a part. * vrtd- from var-, “cover” (H. W.
Bailey). Also Ch 0048.68 (KBT 74) kdla-kryi ustamauysi
tsumi bida.
56 r 4.
bijdsa-, “sound, speech”.
Also bajdsa-. E bajdssa-. See Dresden 481.
44 v 3 (nom.-acc. plur.), 50 v 4 (nom. sg.)
bijairma-, “outstanding, preeminent ”.
45 v 2 (nom.-acc. plur.)
birds-, “to explain, preach”.
Past stem birasta-. Caus. to birays-. Dresden 483 sub rays-.
56 r 1 (pres, middle 3. sg.)
bisda-, “tongue”.
Cfr. Av. hizvd-. See E. Benveniste : Etudes sur la langue ossète,
Paris 1959, p. 11 and Zur nordarischen Spr. p. 127-128.
44 r 3 (instr, sg.), 45 v 4 (idem), 49 r 3 (idem), 50 v 4 (idem),
53 v 1 (idem, bisd’na)
bisaa-, “swelling, living”.
After a locative it means “being in, in”. Also bïsaa-, besaa-.
Cfr. Dresden 481.
55 r 3 (acc. plur.)
biysdn- : biysdmda-, “wake up”.
E biysdn- : biysdnda-.
46 r 3 (past part, nom.-acc. plur.), 51 v 4 (biysqnime, pres.
1. sg., used like yan-, 48 v 4)
biysqnqma, “awakening”.
On -dma, older -dmatä-, see Dresden 409, § 9.
46 r 3 (biysqnqme jsa)
bjnqna-, “lute-playing, music”.
To Skrt. vind-. E bindna-.
45 r 3 (gen. plur.)
Nr. 2 49

bisa-, “every, all’’.

E bissa-.
43 v 3 (gen. plur.), 43 v 4 (bisi, nom. plur.), 44 r 1 (bisä, nom.
piur.), 44 r 3 (bisä, acc. plur.), 44 r 4, 44 v 2 (with -i, encl.
pers. pron. 3. sg.), 45 r 1 (acc. plur.), 45 r 4 (gen. plur.),
45 v 1 (acc. plur.), 45 v 2 (idem), 45 v 3 (idem), 46 r 2, 47 r 4
(nom. sg.), 47 v 1 (nom. plur.), 47 v 2 (idem), 48 r 3 (loc. sg.),
48 v 3 (gen. sg.), 48 v 4 bis (bisâm, “all of them”, bisä, acc.
sg.), 49 r 1 (acc. sg.), 49 r 2 (idem), 49 v 4 (acc. plur.), 50 r 4
(acc. sg.), 50 v 1 (nom. plur.), 51 r 4 (acc. plur.), 51 v 3
(nom.-acc. plur.), 52 v 1 bis (baisä, bisä, acc. sg. = adverbs),
52 v 2 (adverb.), 52 v 4 (acc. sg.), 53 r 3 (acc. plur.), 53 r 4
(adverb), 53 v 1 (nom. plur.), 53 v 4 (acc. sg.), 54 r 2 (nom.
sg. or adverb (= acc. sg.)), 54 r 3 (nom. plur.), 55 v 1 (ad­
verb), 56 r 4 (nom. plur.), 56 v 4 bis (adverb and nom. sg.
fern.), 57 r 4, 57 v 1—2 (baisâ)
brrahma-svara-, “Brahma-voice”. Skrt.
See Hobogirin p. 133 (sub Bonnon).
50 v 3 (acc. sg.)
brrïyaâ-, “love, passion”.
Cfr. Dresden 482 sub ôr(r)a-.
43 v 1 (brrîya, instr, (or loc.) sg.), 45 v 3 (brrïye), gen. sg.)
biTjsâ-, “virtue”.
Dresden 482. Older Khot. buljsä-, E XXV,478 etc.
44 v 3 (nom.-acc. plur.), 50 r 3 (gen. plur.), 52 r 2 (instr,
plur.), 55 v 1 (idem)
bu'jsïnaa-, “consisting of virtues”.
Dresden 482.
44 v 3 (nom.-acc. plur.)
buri, burä, a particle denoting quantity and limitation (up to
something). See sub cu.
E buro.
44 r 2, 49 v 3 (bürä, of which the most suitable translation
may be “throughout”), 54 r 2 (khu burä), 56 v 1-2, 57 v 4
(ci buri)
busqna-, “perfume”.
busana- also in Ap. and Vajr. Cfr. E busä, bussä.
45 r 2 (nom. plur., -ä as plur. is common e. g. in P 2957, see
Bailey, BSOAS XIII,921), 45 r 3 (nom. sg.)
Hist. Filos.Medd. Dan.Vid.Selsk. 30, no. 2. 4
50 Nr. 2

bv-, (bud-), “to understand, feel, experience, attain’’.

Past stem busta-, Dresden 483.
53 r 3 (conj. 1. sg.), 54 r 2 (idem), 55 v 3 (butti, pres, middle,
3. sg. Cfr. Saka Studies p. 127 and E p. 476), 56 r 1 (butte,
idem, and bväri, pres, middle 3. plur.), 57 v 4 (bväve, conj.
3. sg.)
bvqma, “understanding, knowledge, bodhi”.
Dresden 483 sub bv-.
50 r 2 (bvqme jsa), 52 r 3 (idem), 52 v 4 (idem), 55 r 4-v 1
(idem), 57 r 4 (idem)
bvqna-, “to be known, recognized”.
Future part., see Bailey, Handbuch p. 147.
55 r 1 (nom. sg.)
bväscyä-, “experience”.
Compare bvästyä-.
53 v 3 (nom. sg.)
bvästyä-, “experience”.
Cfr. Dresden 483 sub bv-. It translates Tib. ses-pa, Bailey,
BSOS VIII,121.
53 v 1 (ace. sg.), 53 v 2 (nom. sg.), 53 v 3 (nna aysnm bvästyä)
bvaijsä-, “virtue, merit”.
Later form of bffjsä-, q. v.
54 r 1 (nom. plur.)
bvq’îia-, “incense, perfume”.
45 r 4 (bvq’fiäni - jsa)
byqmä, “doubt, perplexity”.
E (p. 473) bitaniä. bätamä, Kha 1.13, 140 r 4, KBT 4, trans­
lates 'fib. the-chom, “doubt, perplexity” (Bailey).
56 r 1—2 (nom. sg. fem.)
byqna-, “hindrance, attachment”.
Cfr. SPAW 1935, p. 472.
46 r 3 (vinau byqna)
byqnamgära-, “doer of obstruction, hindrance”.
byqna- in the acc. in the compound.
48 r 4 (nom. plur.)
by eh- : byauda-, “to attain, obtain, come to, succeed in”.
From (a)bi- + äp-.
44 r 1 (byehü, pres. 1. sg.), 47 v4 (byehime), pres. 1. sg.,
used like yan- 48 v 4, cfr. Dresden 414, note 65), 50 r 3
Nr. 2 51

(past part. nom. piur.), 52 r 2 (idem, nom. sg.), 53 r 4 (pres.

1. sg., like 47 v 4), 55 r 2-3 (byehïmdü, pres. 3. piur. and like
47 v 4), 56 v 2 (like 47 v 4), 57 r 1 (idem), 57 r 2 bis (like
47 v 4 and past part. aee. sg.), 57 r 4 (past part. nom. plur.)

bhadra-caryä-, bhadra-ciryä-, badra-caryä, “Bhadra-caryä, the

Good Course (of Life)”.
44 r 1 (ace. sg.), 45 r 2 (in a compound), 47 r 1 (acc. sg.),
47 v 4 (badra-carye, gen. sg.), 49 v 1 (bhadra-carye jsa), 49 v 3
(bhadrra-carye, gen. sg.), 52 v 2 (acc. sg.), 53 r 3 (bhadra-
carye jsa), 55 r 1 (acc. sg.), 55 r 4, 55 v 4, 56 r 3, 56 v 3, 57 r 4
(gen. sg.), 57 v 2 (idem), 58 r 1-2 (bhadra-carya-desana,
nom. sg.)
bhävanä-, “concentration”.
Skrt. idem, from bhävayati, “create precise visual images”.
57 v 4 (bhäviha nvaiya)

cakrra-, “wheel”.
Skrt. cabra-,
46 r 4 (acc. sg.), 51 r 1 (gen. sg.), 51 v4 (instr, sg.)
canka-, “as much as, so much”.
46 v 4 (nom.-acc. plur.), 54 v 2 (cankai, “-for him”)
car-, “to wander, practise”.
Skrt. idem.
47 v2 (pres. 1. sg.), 48 v 2 (idem, used like yan-, 48 v 4)
carau-, “lamp”.
Also cärau, cirau-. E ciro, cirau. Sogd. cr’y, GMS §1518, Zor.
Pahl. (e. g. Gr. Bd. 220,10), New Persian ciräy, Psalt. <c)wPdy,
cfr. Barr p. 147 (59 of the offprint), Turf. cr'h. An analysis
of the word is to be found in H. W. Bailey: Ambages Indo-
iranicae, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Annali, Sezione
Linguistica I, 1959, p. 120 f. Cfr. also Abaev p. 323-324.
Plur. carauva with an unetymological “hiatus -v-”, cfr. sa-
rauva, “lions”, in 44 r 2. Cfr. W. Bang, Le Muséon 38, 1925,
p. 18, note 3. Aram. NDtP, Tclegdi, JA 1935, 255.
45 r 4 (instr, plur.), 46 r 2 (nom.-acc. plur.), 51 v 3 (cärau
dijsäka)
caryä-, ciryäi-, “course (of life), career”.
Skrt. caryä-.
4*
52 Nr. 2

46 v 4 (nva cirya), 47 v 2 (acc. sg.), 48 v 4 bis (carye, cirye,

acc. sg.), 49 r 1 (baudhasatva carya), 49 r 2 (acc. sg.), 49 r 3
(carye jsa), 49 r 4, 49 v 2 (acc. sg.), 50 v 2 (carya kalpa sa-
mqdrd, compound), 52 r 2 (gen. sg.), 53 r 1-2 (kalpa cirye,
acc. sg.), 53 r 2 (carya — uï), 53 v 1 (acc. sg.), 53 v 4 (gen.
sg.), 54 r 1 (nom. sg.), 54 v 2 (carye, gen. sg.), 55 r 2 (nom.
sg.), 56 r 3 (acc. sg.), 56 v 4 (idem)
ccfya-, “magic, sorcery”.
51 v 1 (cäyyi mqnamdä, where cä’ya- translates mäyä, here
in bonam partem)
ci, “who”, rel. pron.
51 r 1, 54 r 4, 54 v 1, 54 v 4.
ci buri, “as many as, whatever”.
58 r 1.
drama-, “such as”.
Jätakast. 23 r 4 crräma-, E crräma-, cräma-.
55 r 2 (cirqmai, with the emph. particle or the encl. pers,
pron. 3. sg.)
cuna-, “fragrant powder”.
Skrt. cürna-,
45 r 4 (cunyau jsa)
cCi, “who, what, which, since, because”.
44 r 2 (cu buri, “as many as”), 44 v 4 (cu ra, see sub rcz),
45 r 2, 45 r 3 (cu ri), 45 v 1 (cu ra), 45 v 2 (idem), 45 v 3
(idem), 45 v 4, 46 r 1 (cu ra), 46 r 4, 46 v 2, 46 v 3, 47 r 1
(cü), 47 r 2, 47 r 3, 47 r4 (cuain, cfr. -dm), 47 v 2, 48 r 2
(cu ri), 48 r 4 (cuaiu, “whose”), 48 v 2, 49 r 2, 49 r 4 (cü),
51 r 3 (cü), 51 r 4, 51 v 1, 52 r 4, 52 v 1, 53 v 2 (cvai, “who
— for him”), 55 v 4 (cu sV cu), 56 r 2, 56 v 1 (cü buri), 57 r 4,
57 v 2.

damda-, “so much, so great".

48 v 4.
dasau, “ten”.
Cfr. Konow, Primer 67. Maralbasi dase.
44 r 2, 45 v 4-46 r 1, 46 r 2, 47 r 1 —2, 47 r 3, 47 v 1, 54 r 4.
dasta-, “skilful".
From * dastya-, cfr. Dresden 476 and Abaev 359—360.
50 r 2 (nom. sg.), 52 r 4 (nom. plur.)
Nr. 2 53

dä-, “Law, Dharma”.

E däta-, Tumsuq däda-,
46 v 2 (instr, sg.), 47 r 1 (idem), 47 v 4 (idem), 48 r 3 (ace.
sg.), 50 r 2 (instr, sg.), 50 v 4 (acc. sg.), 57 v 4.
dâsa-, prêt, stem, “finish”.
Dresden 476.
46 r 1 (prêt., trans., 3. plur.)
däsqma, “ending, completion, carrying out, full use”.
Cfr. dâsa-.
52 r 2 (acc. sg.)
dâtïnaa-, “of the Law, belonging to the Law”.
E idem.
46 r 2 (nom.-acc. plur.), 51 r 1 (gen. sg.), 52 v 3 (acc. plur.)
däya-, “of the Law, belonging to the Law, according to the Law”,
St. H 33, see Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 2,23. E dätia-. On
däya-/dätia-, cfr. Dresden 469 sub äsi'rya-. Ch c 001,864
(KBT 136) däyya.
46 r 4 (dâyï, acc. sg.), 47 v 1-2 (däya, nom. plur.), 51 v 4
(dâyï cakrina, cfr. Dresden 408)
daime, daimi, see sub dy-.
daiysda, “he holds”, see sub dijs-.
desana, disana, desina, disina, “leaching, preaching”.
Skrt. desanä. Cfr. BSOAS XIV,427.
45 r 2 (in a compound), 49 r 1 (disahe, loc. sg.), 56 r 2
(disina, nom. sg.), 56 r 3 (desina, nom. sg.), 58 r 1 (desana
vï) 58 r 2 (nom. sg.)
didanida-, “such, so great”.
Dresden 413, g, 3.
44 r 4 (instr, plur.), 46 v 1 (acc. plur.)
dijs-, “to hold”.
Pres, stem also drjs-, därjs-, dajs-. See Dresden 476 sub dijsäka.
E drjs- : därta- (drta-, draita-), p. 444. Saka Studies 134.
46 v 1 (conj. 3. plur.), 49 v 2 (conj. 1. sg.), 55 v 4 (daiysda,
older drysde, därysde (E), pres, middle, 3. sg.)
dijsäka-, “holder”.
Cfr. dijs-.
51 v 4 (nom. plur.)
dimme, see sub dy-.
54 Nr. 2

disa'-, “direction, quarter”.

Skrt. dis (a). Cfr. A. A. Macdonell & A. B. Keith : Vedic Index
of Names and Subjects, Vol. I, London 1912, p. 365-366.
44 r 2 (dis? vira), 45 v 1 (dis? vi), 46 r 1 (dis? vi), 46 r 2 (dis?
vira), 47 r 2 (idem), 47 r 3 (dis? vi), 47 v 1 (dis? vira), 50 v 1
(loc. plur.), 51 v 2 (idem), 54 r 4 (dis? vi), 57 r 4 (disän?
vidasän? bisci)
di, dîna, “under, below”.
E di, dîna.
47 r 4 (dinästä), 55 v 2 (di bahyästä)
dis'-, “confess”.
E disdmci, pres. 1. sg., XII,68.
45 v 4 (pres. 1 sg.)
disq'ma, “confessing”.
46 v 2 (disq'me jsa)
drain, drqma-, “such”.
44 v 3, 53 v 2.
drau, “hair”.
See Bailey, BSOAS X,597, TPS 1945,6. Yaghnöbi daran,
d\rdu, M.S. Andreev & E. M. Pescereva : .Jagnobskie tekstv,
1957, p. 244.
50 v 1 (gen. sg. ; obi. = direct.)
dribädua-, dräbädua-, “belonging to the three limes”.
Fem. bädva, e. g. ksuindq-bädva, “being of an age for a hus­
band”, P 2781.69(1) (BSOAS X,579, KT 111,68)
44 r 2 (nom. plur.), 50 v 4-51 r 1 (gen. plur.), 51 r 3 (nom.
plur.), 53 r 2 (dri-bädä vi)
drünaa-, “healthy”.
E drünaa-. Cfr. Bailey BSOS IX,72.
47 v 1 (nom. plur.)
dükha-, “suffering, misery”.
Skrt. duhkha-. Cfr. Dresden 476. BSkrt. dukha, Pali dukkha
and dukha.
43 v 3 (gen. plur.), 48 v 3 (acc. plur.)
dy- : dya-, “to see”.
Saka Studies 133.
v
*
49 4 (daime, pres. 1. sg., E daimci), 50 r 4 (daiini, idem),
51 r 4 (diinme, idem, used like yan-, 48 v 4, q.v.), 51 v 4
Nr. 2 55

(daime, idem), 53 r 1 (idem), 54 v 4 (daitci, pres. 3. sg.),

56 r 4 (daime, pres. 1. sg., like 51 r 4)
dyqma, “sight, the act of seeing”.
E dyämatä-. Cfr. Dresden 476.
43 v 3 (nom. sg.), 46 r 4.
dharma-cakrra-, “Dharma-wheel, the wheel of the Law”.
55 v 3 (aec. sg.)
dharma-dhätta-, “Dharma-world, sphere of religion”.
BSkrt. dharma-dhätu, cfr. Edgerton p. 278-279.
44 v 2 (ace. sg.)

gambhïra-, “profound, deep”.

Vajr. lbIV-2aI gabhïra. E ggambhïra-. Skrt. gabhïra,
gambhïra.
57 v 4 (gambhïrci dä)
gara-, “mountain”.
Av. gahi-. Cfr. BSOAS X,600.
45 r 4.
gatti, “stage, station, state of existence”.
BSkrt. gati. Later Khol, also ga-, plur. ge\ E ggatâ. See
Dresden 473 sub ge\ Mostly five (hell, animals, ghosts (the
three evil ones, = apäya, Khot. aväya-, q.v., durgati), gods, men
(cfr. Jâtakast. 38 r 3 pajse ge\ “the live slates of existence”)),
but sometimes also six (+ asuras), Edgerton p. 208-209.
48 v 3 (gen. sg.)
gaid, sec sub ge\
ge\ “group”.
It translates Skrt. sangha, gana. Older ggästV-. Suv. Or.
9609.27 v 3 ggäsä'nu (gen. plur.), 36 r 4 gdso' (acc. sg.),
KT 1,236.
55 v 1 (gau' jsa)
ge's-, “to turn”.
Dresden 473. E ggei'ss-. Intrans, ge's-, E ggei's-. Also forms
with b-, e. g. bais-, “make turn”, Or. 8212.162,70 (baisqvq
dqyï cakrrq), KT 11,5. Cfr. .IRAS 1954,32.
46 r 3-4 (pres. 3. plur.)
ge'sqnia, “turning”.
Cfr. ge's-.
51 r 1 (ge'sqme jsa)
56 Nr. 2

grïca-, gruïca-, “grain of sand”.

E ggurvïca-, see p. 419. Cfr. Saka Studies 137.
44 r 4 (nom. plur.), 46 v 1 (nom.-ace. plur.), 48 v 4 (nom.
plur.), 50 r 3 (gen. sg.), 54 v 1 (grïcyau. jsa)
grvïcika-, “small grain of sand”.
51 v 2 (gen. sg.)
güjsabdj-, “to destroy, disperse”.
Cfr. TPS 1945,7.
55 v 3-4 (pres, middle 3. sg., rendering dharsaya-, “attack”)
güscya, 1) “Nirvana, deliverance”, or 2) “delivered” (= güstya-)
like BSkrt. vimuktu, nom. sg.
Cfr. Bailey, BSOAS X,578 & 900. See sub güstya-.
48 v 2, 51 v 1 (gen. sg.)
gust ya-, “deliverance”.
To güch- : gâta-, “to deliver” (trans.), inchoative stem (in­
trans.) güs-, “to escape”, cfr. Dresden 473.
50 r 2 (nom. sg.)
güttaira-, “family”.
From Skrl. gotra-, BSOAS X,898. E ggüttdra-, ggütra-,
ggüttra-. Tocharian A katar, e. g. W. Krause, Handbuch der
Orientalistik IV,3, p. 39.
55 v 1 (instr, sg.)
gvqna with na, “not at all”.
Cfr. BSOAS X,580. It translates Skrt. ma jätu.
48 r 4, 49 v 2 (with ma)
gyasta-, jasta-, “deva, god, majesty”.
Av. yazata-. Tumsuq jezda-.
43 v 4 (nom. plur.), 55 v 2 (Jastyau. jsa)

ha>cä, “any, somewhere, al all, somehow”.

The word expresses indefiniteness. E haled. New Persian
hdr ci. Cfr. Dresden 413 and Primer 130. From harva- as
Ossetic ali, Abaev 48.
47 v 3, 56 v 2.
hajvattä, “wisdom”.
E liaj(u)vattätä. Cfr. Bailey, JBAS 1942,27-28.
50 r 2 (nom. sg.), 52 r 3-4 (idem)
ham, “same”.
E hamd, Av. hama-.
Nr. 2 57

43 v 4 (hain bädä, “al the same time”, ace. sg., E hamu bädu),
47 v 3 (ham in bädi, “at all time”), 49 r 3 (ham in bädä)
ham- : hamya-, “to be, become”.
See Bailey, Handbuch 143.
44 r 1-2 (hamåre, pres, middle 3. plur.), 47 r 3 (hamäve,
conj. 3. sg., cfr. Dresden 414), 49 r 4 (himämde, conj. 3. plur.),
49 v 1 (like 47 r 3), 51 r 2 (himqne, conj. 1. sg., with ttramdi,
past part., acc. sg. expressing potentiality with intrans, verbs,
cfr. Bailey, BSOAS X,586), 51 r 3 (like 51 r 2), 51 v 1 (idem),
53 r 3-4 (conj. 1. sg.), 53 r 4 (hamävam, conj. 3. sg. + -in, q.v.),
54 r 1 (himäte, conj. 3. sg., cfr. Saka Studies 143 and Bailey,
Handbuch 144), 54 v 3 (pres, middle 3. plur.), 55 v 1 (hami,
pres, middle 3. sg. Older Khot. hämäte), 55 v 3 (haine, idem),
56 r 3 (himäve, conj. 3. sg.), 57 v 3 (conj. 3. plur.), 58 r 1 bis
(hamära, conj. 3. plur., cfr. Handbuch 144, himqne, conj.
1. sg.)
hamamga-, “equal to”.
E hainaiiga-, hamamgga-. Cfr. Dresden 489.
5’ r 4 (se ksqnä hamanigä), 52 r 1 (hamamgä = jsa hamamgä,
giving the genitive instrumentalis-meaning), 52 r 2 bis (jsa
hamamgä)
hamamgtä-, “completeness, equality”.
E IV,66 hamamggatätä. On the old * -fäfi'-nouns cfr. Bailey
JRAS 1942,27-28.
43 v 3 (obi. hamamgte dyqma vara, lit. “good (vara rendering
bhadra-) in appearance in completeness”, i. e. the Khot.
“etymology” of Samantabhadra, cfr. Bailey, Analecta Indo-
scythica II, JRAS 1954,28 f.)
hama-nasa-, “having the same share, portion, comrade”.
nasä = Skrt. bhägo (Suv. 63a5, SPAW 1935,454 and 478) =
Tib. cha (Bailey, BSOS VIII,130). nasa- from 2nas-, Air. Wb.
1056. Cfr. for the construction Zor. Pahl, hambäy (to Av.
bäga-, “share, portion”, Air. Wb. 952), widely borrowed, e. g.
Aramaic hnbg, pap. 5.5, 9.18, 10.12, 12.27 (Emil G. Krae-
ling : The Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri, 1953), Syriac
habbägä, “adversarius”, Mand. h’m&y.
49 r 2 (nom. plur.), 53 r 4 (nom. sg.)
hamba^rï, “may I fulfil”, see sub hamber-.
5 <8 Nr. 2

hamber- : hambada-, “lo fill, fulfil”.

Dresden 489—490. Intrans, hambïr-, q. v.
44 v 2 (past pari. acc. sg.), 47 r 1 (hamba’rï, opt. l.sg.),
52 v 2 (hamberï, idem), 52 v 4 (past part. nom. sg.), 53 r 1
(like 52 v 2), 53 r 3 (past part. acc. sg. MS hambädä for
hambada), 54 r 1 (idem)
hamberamca-, “ fu lfil ni ent ”.
Pres. part. fern, as subst. Cfr. haniber-.
47 v 4 (obi. sg.)
hambïr-, “to be fulfilled”.
Cfr. hamber-.
56 v 4 (opt. 3. sg.)
hamdajÿh-, “to make ripen”.
To hamdajs-, “burn, ripen” (intrans.), cfr. E. Cfr. hadajäha,
P 4099,377, KBT 132.
52 v 3 (conj. l.sg.)
hamdara-, “other”.
Jätakast. 20 r 4, 31 v 4 hainda. E handara-, Tumsuq han­
dara-. Av. 2antara-.
56 r 1 (gen. plur.)
hamgiïj- : hamgv-, “to be in contact, meet”.
Cfr. Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 1,41 and BSOAS X,578.
49r3 (opt. l.sg., cfr. Handbuch 144)
ha in g üjsa -, “meeting”.
49 v 1 (nom. sg.)
hamjsarä-, “field of action”.
Cfr. P 3510,10.9, KBT 53. E hamjsärrä-. It translates BSkrt.
gocara, on which see Edgerton p. 215.
51 v 1 (acc. sg.)
hamjsâmda-, past pari, “collected, gathered”.
E hamjsaunda-. Pres, stem hamjsem-, “to bring together,
gather, collect, heap up”. Cfr. Dresden 489.
46 v 2-3 (nom. sg.), 52 r 4 (acc. sg.), 52 v 1 (idem), 57 v 2.
hamjsim-, “to come together, be accumulated”.
Cfr. hamjsâmda-.
46 v 3 (conj. 3. plur.)
hamkhïysa-, “enumeration, counting”.
To khïys- : khista-. Cfr. Saka Studies 140 and TPS 1945,33.
54 r 1 (hamkhïysci vastci)
Nr. 2 59

hamphna-, past part, “associated with, possessed of’’.

Also hamphnta-. Inchoat. pres, hamphûs-, sec Dresden 478—
479.
55 v 1 (nom. sg.)
hamtsa, “together with ”.
Adverb, postposition, and preposition, generally used with
jsa. Cfr. Dresden 489 and the references given there.
43 v 4 (postposition without jsa), 49 r 4, 49 v 4 (jsa hamtsa)
hanaim-, “to make bend’’.
Cans, to hanam-, “incline”, Av. fra-nam-. Also hanem- in
hanemate, pres, middle 3. sg., Samgh. 21 al (Saka Studies
74, line 1). On other compounds of the same base cfr. Dres­
den 478 sub panam-,
46 v 3 (pres. 1. sg.)
hands-, “to destroy”.
Gaus, to hanas- (E hanass-), past part, hanasta- (E idem).
Cfr. Av. 1nas-, Air. Wb. 1055 and Dresden 489 sub hanasta-.
48 r 4 (pres. 1. sg., used like yan-, 48 v 4. The BSkrt. text
has opt. 3. sg. nimuhyet, v. I. vinuihye (the usual BSkrt.
opt. 3. sg.))
harbtsa-, “all, every”.
E harbissa-, harbtissa-. Cfr. MPers. harvisp.
44 r 3 (loc. plur.), 44 r 4 (gen. plur. or “everyone of them,
of the Buddhas”, with the encl. pers. pron. -din, 3. plur.),
45 v 2 (nom. plur.), 46 r 3 (acc. plur.), 46 v 3 (acc. sg.), 47 v3
(loc. plur.), 47 v 4 (gen. plur.), 48 v 1 (nom. plur.), 48 v 3
(acc. plur.), 48 v 4 (obi. sg.), 50 r 1 (loc. plur.), 50 v 3 (gen.
plur.), 55 r 4 (harbäsä, nom. plur.), 56 v 3-4 (nom. sg.),
57 v 3 (nom. plur.)
haskautta-, “practised”? Translating BSkrt. abhiyukta-.
From fra-skaufta-?
48 r 3-4 (nom. sg.)
hastama-, “best”.
Av. hastama-. E hastama-.
45 v 1 (gen. plur.)
hayumdausta-, “friendship”.
Cfr. Saka Studies 143.
49 r 4 (hayumdausti jsa)
60 Nr. 2

hciyiina-, “friend”.
Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 2,24. E hayiina-.
54 v 4 (abl. plur.)
Vid, “towards, in that direction, from this point”.
Dresden 490, E p. 523. H. W. Bailey: < ^'fräk?
54 v 2, 55 r 1, 56 v 1.
häva-, “blessing, profit”.
See Dresden 490 and I. Gershevitch, BO XV,6,1958 p. 263 &
Hymn p. 250 (from * frävi- (Av. fravi-, Air. Wb. 991) to cm-).
In hendiadys with änusamsa-, “blessing”, P 2027.83 häva
anüsäsq (KT 111,54), Ap. 3a IV—bl häva anusamsa, Hoernle
300.
57 r 3 (ace. sg.)
haiida-, past part, “given”.
To pres, stem hor-, “to give”, Tumsuq ror- : rorda-. From
fra-hara-. E hüda-, Cfr. Khwär. hißr-, “to give”, Sogd. bßr-
fvar-
(dvar-) (* f fra-bara, GMS p. 246. Old Persian fra-bar-.
54 v 1 (ace. sg.)
hauvä-, “power, strength”.
Dresden 491.
45 r 2 (nom. sg.), 49 r 1 (ace. sg.), 49 v 3 (nom. sg.), 51 r 1
(hauva jsa), 51 v 1 (hauva prribhävarta, group-inflected hen­
diadys, instr, sg.), 52 r 4 bis (nom. sg.), 52 v 1 bis (nom. sg.
& acc. sg.), 52 v 2 ter (ace. sg., vinau hauva, hauva jsa), 53 v 3
(nom. sg.), 57 r 4 (hauva bvqme jsa = BSkrt. buddhi-balena)
hairsti, hairstä, “truly, really, surely”.
From hira- and * stäya-. Bailey, TPS 1959,73. Also hirstai.
E härstai, härstei, härstäyä.
48 r 4, 50 r 1 (or scribal error for aharstä, “continously” ?)
hais- : haista-, “to give”.
From fra-aës-, cfr. Air. Wb. 31. See Dresden 491.
45 r 3 (pres. 1. sg. with -ü, encl. pers. pron. 3. plur.), 54 r 4
(past part. acc. sg.)
hînâ-, “army”.
Av. haënâ-, Old Persian hainä,- in malam partem like hînâ-.
55 v 4 (acc. sg.)
hïvya-, “own”.
Particle denoting the genitive. Also hävya-, hivya-. Tumsuq
Nr. 2 61

havya-. Cfr. Primer 33. In the use the particle corresponds to

BSkrt. santaka, Edgerton p. 555.
48 v 1 (hïvï), 49 v 3 (hiya), 51 r 4 (idem), 55 v 4 (idem)
hübyauda-, “well-obtained”.
See byeh- : byauda-.
55 r 1 (nom. sg.)
hûtsva-, “well-arri ved”.
Cfr. tsu-.
55 r 1 (nom. plur.)
hüvasva-, “very pure”.
See sub vasva-.
50 v 3 (acc. sg.), 52 r 4 (nom. plur.)
hva, “myself, yourself etc.”
E hvatä. Dresden 491. Cfr. Zor. Pahl. xuat, H.S. Nyberg:
Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi II, Uppsala 1931, p. 139.
50 r 2.
hvaramc[ha-, “favourable, productional”.
Cfr. hvararndaa- (e. g. St. H. 34 and 59), “of the right hand”,
Sogd. xiv'rnt (Chr.), yw'r'nt (Buddh.), Ormuri xivarincd,
GMS § 1066, IIFL 1,413, and Bailey, Zor. Probl. 73. It
translates BSkrt. prada ksinu. Vajr. hvaramcaind, hvaraincïna,
Hocrnle 341.
47 v 2 (nom. plur.)
hvata-, cfr. hvän-.
hvän- : hvata-, “speak”.
Tumsuq hvän-, BSOAS XIII,653 & 655.
44 v 4 (pres. 1. sg.), 56 r 2 (past part. nom. sg. fem., “taught,
spoken”.)
hvqharnca-, “speaking, preaching, preacher”.
Lit. part. pres. act. fem. to hvän.
55 r 4 (nom. sg.)
hvqnqina, “speaking, preaching”.
57 v 2 (hvähqine jsa)
hvästa-, “best”.
Dresden 491. Maralbasi hvesta-, cfr. Osset. Ir. xistcer, Digor
xestœr, “elder, eldest”. See Bailey, Ttägutta, BSOAS X,599,
note 2. Cfr. Av. hvöista-.
43 v 1 (acc. of direction), 53 r 4 (nom. sg.), 54 v 2 (obi. sg.)
62 Nr. 2

hve1-, “man”.
Cfr. Dresden 468.
46 r 1 (hvamdäm, gen. piur.), 54 v 2 (hue, nom. sg.), 55 v 2
(hvqndyau jsa)
hvi(ya)-, “human”.
Dresden 491.
44 v 4 (nom. piur.), 48 r 2 (nom. piur. fem.), 54 v 1 (acc.
piur.), 55 r 2 (/mf ysamthti vira)
hya-, “good, profit”.
E hâta-, Skrt. hita-. Cfr. Dresden 491.
46 v 1 (hye suhi kina), 48 v 4 (obl. sg.), 49 r 4 (hye nva),
55 v 3 (hye udisdyi)

-i, emphatic particle.

46 v 4 (mand), 55 r 2 bis (cirqmai, liai, or (mel. pers. pron.
3. sg., “to him, for him”), 56 r 2 (tcerai)
-i, encl. pers. pron. 3. sg.
44 v 2 (bist, “all of it”), 51 r 1 (virai), 53 v 2 (evai), 54 v 2
(cankai), 55 r 4 (aharfnai), 56 r 3 (aysi)
i, opt. 3. sg. to ah-, “to be”.
46 v 3, 47 r4, 48 r 2, 50 r 3 1. sg.? Cfr. bhavi in the BSkrt.
text, 53 v 2, 54 r 2, 55 r 3 (with past part, yiidi, cfr. Primer
§81)
tmde, “they are”.
Pres. 3. piur. to ah-, E indd, Maralbasi andi, NTS, NIV,163.
44 r 2, 45 v 3, 46 r 1, 46 r 4, 47 r 2, 47 r 3, 47 v 1 (used like
yan-, 48 v 4), 48 r 4, 49 r 2, 57 r 4.
z/ne, “I am”.
Pres. 1. sg. to ah-.
49 r 1 (used like yan-, 48 v 4), 53 v 4 (idem)
iydinda-, “perpetual, at all times, complete”.
Perhaps from '■diva-anta- (Bailey), cfr. J. Gonda : Altind.
°anta-, °antara-, usw. BTLVN-I, Deel 97, 1938, 453-500.
48 r 1 (acc. sg. = adv., translating nityam)

jadi-, “stupidity”.
Dresden 474, E p. 425-426.
45 v 3 (gen. sg.), 55 r 3 (idem)
Nr. 2 63

jastüna-, “divine, celestial’’.

44 v 4—45 r 1 (nom. plur.), 48 r 2 (nom. plur. fein.), 54 r 4-
54 v 1 (ace. plur.)
jâmde, “may they perish, they shall perish”.
Conj. 3. plur. E jiyände. Cfr. Dresden 474 sub jina-, ja-, and
E p. 427.
48 v 1, 54 r 4, 56 r 4.
järe, “they perish, disappear”.
See sub jänide. Pres, middle 3. plur.
55 r 4.
jäsmara-, “remembering one’s previous births”.
Skrt. jdtismara-.
47 v 2-3 (nom. sg.)
ji, “indeed, now”.
Eater Khot. also ja, ja. E ja, Tumsuq ju, Maralbasi gu,
BSOAS XII 1,664.
46 v 3, 54 v 2.
/inäka-, '‘destroyer”.
Cfr. Dresden 474 sub jina-, ja-.
43 v 3 (acc. sg.)
jsa, “from, with”.
Tumsuq tsi, Maralbasi dca.
43 v 1, 44 v 1, 45 r 2, 45 r4 ter, 45 v 2, 45 v 3, 46 r 3, 46 v 2
quater, 46 v 4, 48 r 3, 49r 3 ter, 49 r 4, 49 v 1 bis, 49 v 4
(jsa harntsa'), 50 r 2, 50 v 2, 50 v 3, 51 r 1 bis, 52 r 1, 52 r 2
bis, 52 r 3 bis, 52 v 2, 52v 4, 53 r 1, 53 r 2, 53 r 3, 53 v 2,
54 v 1, 54 v 4, 55 v 1 1er, 55 v 2, 57 r 3, 57 r 4 bis, 57 v 2,
57 v 3.
jsä-, “to go”.
Dresden 475, E p. 429.
55 v 2 (jsäüi = gacchati)
jsqna, jsäin, “indeed”.
Eit. “going”. Also jsä. Primer §83, p. 51.
44 v 4, 48 r 2, 49 v 1, 50 1 —2, 50 r 3.
jsinä-, “life”.
E idem. Tumsuq tsenya, cfr. Bailey, BSOAS XI 11,657.
46 v 1 (acc. sg.), 55 r 1 (nom. sg.)
64 Nr. 2

kalpa-, “age”.
Skrt. kalpa-.
46 v 1 (acc. piur.), 49 r 2 (loc. piur.), 49 v 3 (idem), 50 r 1
(idem), 50 v 2 (carya kalpa samydrd), 51 r 2 (acc. piur.),
51 r 3 (nom. piur.), 53 r 1 (kalpa ciryé), 54 v 1 (kalpyäm jsa),
56 v 4 (loc. piur.)
karma-, “deed, act”.
Skrt. karman-.
44 ri (nom. piur.), 48 v 1 (gen. piur., abl. in meaning trans­
lating karmatu, abl. sg.), 52 r 4 (gen. piur.), 52 v 1 (idem),
54 r 3 (karma klesa'}, 55 r 4 (nom. piur.), 56 r 4 (idem)
karvïnaa-, “belonging to the surrounding parts”.
Dresden 471. Adjective lo kara-, “surrounding part, limit”.
Cfr. Osset, ægær, “without limit”, with gær = kær < Old Iran.
kara-; cfr. Bailey, TPS 1946,204 and Abaev 119-120 and
586 sub kœron.
44 v 1 (nom. piur.), 49 v 4 (karufnä ba'ysä püryau), 50 r 4
(karufnä ba'ysä piïra)
kas- : kasta-, “to fall“.
Dresden 471.
50 r 2 (conj. 1. sg.)
käla-krra, “act of death, käla-kriyä”.
56 r 4 (obi. sg.)
kqma-, “desire”.
Skrt. käma-.
43 v 2 (nom. piur.)
kina, “because of, for the sake of, for”.
Postposition. Dresden 471. Oldest kädcina, Kroraina kritena
(H. W. Bailey).
46 v 1
kïra-, “act, deed”.
E kïra-, Av. ka^ya-. Tumsuq karya-, kari, cfr. Bailey, Hand­
buch p. 149.
45 v 3 (nom. plur.), 46 r 1 (acc. sg.), 48 r 4 (nom. plur.),
53 v 1 (idem), 53 v 4 (acc. plur.)
klesa-, “defilement”.
Also klaisa-, kïdesa1. Skrt. klesa-, Pali klesa, kilesa, NW-
Prakrit kilesa.
Nr. 2 65

48 v 1 (gen. piur., abl. in meaning translating BSkrt. klesatu,

abl. sg.), 52 v 1 (gen. piur.), 54 r 3 (nom. piur.)
krra, “determination, decision’’.
E kräyä-. BSkrt. kriyä, Edgerton p. 197 (kriyâ and kriyâ-kâra).
56 v 4 (nom. sg. fem.)
ksania-, “desirous”.
Adj., cfr. BSC)AS XV,533.
46 r 4 (nom. plur.)
ksana-, “moment”.
Skrt. idem. Cfr. L. de la Vallée-Poussin : Notes sur le “mo­
ment” ou ksana des bouddhistes, Rocznik Orientalistyczny
VIII,1-9.
51 r 2 bis (se-ksqnâ and ksanyau, instr, plur.), 51 r 3 (instr,
sg.), 51 r 4 (se ksqnâ hamarngä), 57 v 3 (se ksqnâ jsa)
ksittra-, ksaittra-, “field (of activity for the Buddha)”.
Skrt. ksetra, Pali khetta. Cfr. Edgerton p. 401 (buddha-ksetra).
44 r 3 (loc. plur.), 46 v 1 (idem), 47 r 3 (nom. plur.), 48 r 4
(loc. plur.), 50 r 3 (nom. plur.), 50 v 2 (idem), 51 v 1 (gen.
plur.), 51 v 3 (idem), 52 v 3 (acc. plur.), 53 v 2 (nom. plur.),
54 r 4 (nom.-acc. plur.), 56 v 1 (acc. sg.), 57 v 2 (idem)
kumbhandäna-, “of the kumbhändas, belonging to the kum-
bhändas”.
BSkrt. kumbhanda, kumbhanda, Pali kumbhanda, a kind of
evil spirit, see Edgerton p. 187 and E. Washburn Hopkins:
Epic Mythology, GI-APh. Ill, 1. Heft B, p. 52.
48 r 2 (nom. plur. fem., -äin < -âne)
kusjyäm3 (jsa), doubtful word translating BSkrt. putebhi (puta,
on which see Edgerton p. 349-350 sub puspa-puta), which ap­
pears in a similar context (with gandha and ciirna) in Ma-
hävyutpatti 6112, ed. Sakaki, Kyoto 1916. According to the
meaning of puta a connection between the Khotanese word
and Skrt. kosa- ( = kosa-), “box, case, container”, might be
present. “I incline to prefer the reading with d (kusdyänf jsa).
kusda-, “container(?)” would belong with kiisda-, “mansion”,
Avesta kaotda-" (H. W. Bailey).
45 r 4.
kast a, “where”.
43 v 1, 47 v 3.
Hist. Kilos. Medd. Dan.Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2. 5
66 Nr. 2

küla-, “a crore, ten millions”.

Skrt. koti-. See Bailey, BSOAS XIII,390. Agnean kor, e. g.
George S. Lane : Vocabulary to the Tocharian Punyavanta-
jâtaka, Suppl, to the JAOS 8, 1948, p. 15.
57 r 3 (külyäm, instr, plur. with gen. ending)
kiisala-, “good”.
BSkrl. kusala-, “good (in a moral sense)”, cfr. Edgerton p. 188.
53 v 1 (nom. plur.), 53 v 4 (acc. plur.), 56 r 3 (acc. sg. fem.)

khajqma, “weariness”.
E khijj-, “to be wearied”. BSkrt. khijjati, khijjate, Skrt. khi-
dyate. Cfr. Primer p. 100.
53 r 1 (uzna khajqme jsa)
khu, 1) “as, like”, 2) “when”, 3) “so that”.
1) 44 v 1, 44 v 3, 48 v 2, 48 v 4 (Ila khu, just as), 53 r 4 (//rz
tta khu, just like), 54 r 2, 56 v 4 (tta khu)
2) 50 v 2, 55 v 3, 57 r 2.
3) 44 r 1.

laksa'na-, “characteristic mark (of a superior person, a mahä-

purusa)”.
Skrt. laksana. There are 32 marks, Edgerton p. 458 f.
55 v 1 (laksa’nyau jsa)

-m, encl. pers. pron. 1. sg. Cfr. Dresden 412.

53 r 4 (hamävq)
ma, “not”.
49 v 1 (ma---- gvqna), 54 r 4.
ma, “of me, for me”.
Pers. pron. gen.-dat. sg. ; cfr. mam.
56 v 4
mqha in, “upon, in (for) us (= me)”.
Cfr. Dresden 411.
49 v 1
mahä jsa, “from us, by us (= from me, by me)”.
See sub mahä.
45 v 3, 49 r 2-3
mahäsamqdra-, “great ocean”.
Skrt. mahäsamudra-. St. H. 62 mahäsamqdra-.
44 v 3 (gen. sg.), 52 v 3-4 (acc. plur.)
Nr. 2 67

mahü, pers. pron. 1. piur. acc.

On the different forms see Dresden 411 and Bailey, Asia
Major N.S. 2,39.
44 r 1 (used as sing, “me”, cfr. Konow, Primer § 63, p. 42)
main, pers. pron. l.sg. gen.-dal. Cfr. Dresden 411.
49 r 4, 53 v 2, 57 v 3.
mami, pers. pron. 1. sg. obi. with emphatic -ï. Cfr. Dresden 411.
46 v 3-4, 54 r 3
mamjüsrï, Skrt. Manjusri.
See BSOAS X,910. P 5538 b 17 majâsrruî, 18 majqsrruî, KT
111,121.
43 v 1, 53 v 3, 56 v 4
mandala-, “circle”.
Skrt. idem. Cfr. Edgerton p. 415—416.
57 r 1 (obi. sg.)
mara, “here”.
Later Khot. also mare, mere. E mara, Tumsuq maru, cfr.
Bailey, BSOAS XI11,659 & 664.
46 v 4, 55 r 1, 57 v 2
masi in canka masi, “as many as”.
Cfr. Dresden 483. From mas-, Old Iran, mas-, “great”, Av.
masö, Air. Wb. 1154.
46 v 4
masûm in ttinka masihn, “so many”.
Cfr. masi. P 2787,153, KT 11,107 dada masû, “so much”,
P 3513, 40 r 2, KBT, 61 ttaindi masû. A longer form masüiïa
occurs P 2787,43, KT 11,103, also Jivakapustaka 46 r 5, KT
1,137 masvana isa = Skrt. mätrena, “only so much” (H. W.
Bailey)
57 v 3
mqn- : muinda-, “to resemble, be like”.
Pres. part, mqnamda-, “resembling, like, just as”. E man-,
pres. part, mananda-.
45 r 4 (mqnamdd'), 50 v 1 (idem), 51 v 1 (idem), 54 v 2 (idem)
mära-, “Mära”.
48 v 1 (gen. sg.), 55 v 4 (idem)
mürïnaa-, “of Mära”.
52 v 2 (mär[na, acc. sg. fern.), 55 v 1 (mârïnâm gau' jsa)
5*
68 Nr. 2

mista-, “great”.
E mäst a-.
47 v 2 (ace. sg.), 51 v 1-2 (nom. plur.), 52 r 1 (gen. sg.),
54 r 1 (nom. plur. fem.)
mitträ-, “friendliness, love, compassion”.
BSkrt. maitrâ, Skrt. maitri, Pali mettä, Edgerton p. 439.
52 r 2 (mittra pq'nau jsa hamamgä)
myämja renders manju-, “lovely, beautiful, sweet”.
m. sirä is the Khotanese “translation” of Manjusrî. Cfr. Bai­
ley, BSOAS X,574 and TPS 1954,143.
43 v 1
myqna-, “middle”.
E myäna-. Cfr. MPers. miyän.
44 v 2 (loc. sg.), 50 r 4 (idem)

na, ni, “not”. See sub guqna.

48 r 4, 48 v 2 (nz), 50 r 2 (nz), 56 r 2 (zzcz)
najsada-, “proceeding, manner, way, course”.
Jâtakast. nejsada-. Samgh. näjsada-, e. g. 14b2, Saka Studies
69. E nijsada-.
51 r 1 (gen. sg.)
namamdrqma, “summoning, invitation”.
From Skrt. ni-mantraya-, “invite”, E nimandrai-.
46 v 2 (namamdrqme jsa)
namas-, “bow down, reverence”.
43 v 2 (pres. 1. sg.), 44 v 4 (idem), 46 v 4 (opt. 1. sg.)
namesä’, “in contact with, following, according to”.
Eoc. sg. to nimalysa-. E nimalsa, loc. sg., cfr. XXII1,147
nimalsdä, “he rubs”. See E p. 450 and Saka Studies 160.
From marz-, Av. maraz-, Parth. nimarz-, past. part, nimust,
“to clean”, Ghilain 53 and MM 111,903 (58). Cfr. New Pers.
mälidän, Horn nr. 962. See Bailey, TPS 1956,114.
53 v 1 (ttye namesd'), 53 v 4 (ttyäm n a mesa')
narmäna-, “apparitional body”.
Skrt. nirmäna- for nirmäna-käya-, On the trikäya- cfr.
H. v. Glasenapp : Die Religionen Indiens, Stuttgart 1943, p.
260-261 and D. T. Suzuki : Outlines of Mähäyäna Buddhism,
London 1907, p. 73-74. See especially Hobogirin s. v. Busshin.
57 r 3 (instr, plur.)
Nr. 2 69

nasq'ma-, “quiescence, sessation”.

Cfr. Dresden 477 sub nasain-.
51 v 4 (acc. sg., = nirväna)
nasäm'da-, “tranquilized, tranquil, made quiet”.
51 v 4 (nom. sg.)
nasPrryna-, “without soilure, without pollution”.
To rrïma-, “dirt, filth”, e. g. Jâtakast. 11 rl, Ch 11,002.
121 v 1, KT 1,48. Zor. Pahl. rëm, Turf, rym, MM 11,359.
48 r 1 (nom. sg.)
natau, “certainly”.
Skrt. niyatam, NW-Prakrit nigata, Burrow p. 101. Samgh.
14b2 nägatä.
54 v 3
nqda-, “homage, worship, obeisance”.
P 2026,72 & 75, KT 111,51 nqmqsû nqda and namasü nauda.
Cfr. BSOAS X,894 f.
44 v 4, 58 r 1
nqina-, “name”.
53 r 4 (nom. sg.), 53 v 2 (idem)
nâp-, “to become known”.
Skrt., cfr. Saka Studies 162. “The word nyäp- seems to be as
earlier proposed from a Prakrit * nydpp- from older jnäpya-,
and thus would have referred at first to ‘knowledge’. But this
meaning seems to have been attenuated from ‘to know’ to
‘attain’.
In the Sanghäta-sütra ed. Konow 20b2 (p. 73) ne ne ju
nyäpätä nïrâ corresponds to the Tibetan chu yan ma yod
‘there was not water’. In Ch 00268 (KBT 68) 190 häpi cor­
responds to Ch 00277,10 v 3 bautta ‘knows’” (H.W. Bailey).
49 v 3 (nâpïyïi, opt. 3. sg., cfr. Bailey, Handbuch p. 144 and
note 70)
nävqnya-, “of the nägas, belonging to the nägas”.
Skrt. näga- (on which see E. Washburn Hopkins : Epic My­
thology, GI-APh. Ill, 1. Heft B, index sub nägas (p. 254).
Khot. has näga-, nägga- (E XXIV,159), näta-, näya-, nä-,
see Dresden 477 and the references there given. On -änya-,
-äna-, -äna- see BSOAS X,923. A list of nägas is given ibid.,
p. 915-916.
48 r 2 (nom. plur. fem.)
70 Nr. 2

naittä, “he sits’’.

E ncittä (p. 450). Dresden 477 sub ne'sta-.
55 v 3 (= nisldati)
nauha-, “lop, point”.
E nüha-. nauhä translates Tib. rtse, BSOS VIII,130. Cfr.
Gershevitch, Hymn p. 264.
44 v 1 (loc. sg.), 50 r 3 (idem), 50 v 1 (idem), 51 v 2 (idem)
nauhauysa-, “being on the top, foremost, highest”.
45 v 1 (gen. plur.)
ni, encl. pers. pron. 3. plur.
Later Kholanese usually -ain, cfr. Dresden 412. Double
negative na ni is possible, but archaic ni (“them”) is known
in later Khot., e. g. Jätakast. 15 r 1 hanibâya ni yiidai, “you
provided portions for them” (this corrects M. J. Dresden’s
translation) (H. W. Bailey).
56 r 2
ni, “not”.
See sub na.
nijsv-, “to show”.
Sec Dresden 484 sub vajsista-. From ni-cas-, cfr. Air. Wb.
461. E nijsas-, nij.sad- : näjsasta-.
49 r 2 (conj. 1. sg.)
nijsvqnaa-, “shower, teacher”.
49 r 4 (nijsvqnüqstä, “towards, to the teachers” (loc. plur.,
cfr. hünvästci, “to the Hünas”, P 2741,38, Asia Major N.S.
1,29, and Dresden 469 sub -äsfa))
nirvqnda1?
It translates BSkrt. nirvrti = nirvana.
51 v 4
nisand, “settled, ended”.
*
Past park nisq < näsa’tä, Suv. 5 v 2, KT 1,234, 67 a 7, SPAW
1935, p. 466, “beendigt”.
48 v 3 (acc. sg.)
nva, nvaiya, “following, in accordance with”.
Preposition, postposition, and adverb. Also nve, nvai. E nuva.
Cfr. BSOS IX,76.
46 v 4 (nva), 47 r 2 (nvaiya), 47 v 4 (nva), 49 r 4 (nva), 50 r 1
(nvaiya), 50 v 3 (nva äsayi), 53 v 2 (nva aysinü bvästya),
57 v 4 (ganibhïrâ dä bhävina nvaiya)
Nr. 2 71

nväy-, nväy- : nvästa-, nvä'sta-, “to grasp, bring’’.

Dresden 470 sub uysbäy-.
51 v2 (pres, l.sg., used like yan-, 48 v 4)

pabana-, “connection, continuance’’.

Skrt. prabandha-. pabanä, E VI,81, Nebenstücke 108.14.
49 r 3 (MS paba ~ (to avoid a vacuum, cfr. Manu Leumann:
Sakische Handschriftproben, Zürich 1934, p. 15) from pa­
banä, if not a mere mistake)
pabastä, “continously, without interruption”.
Cfr. E p. 458 (“verbunden").
49 v 2 (acc. sg. = adverb)
pacada-, “manner, kind, sort, way”.
Dresden 478, Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 1,41 & .IRAS 1953,105.
53 v 3 (loc. sg., “in (regular) manner”, “likewise, respectively”)
padamjä-, “custom, behaviour”.
Cfr. Dresden 478.
46 v 4 (nva cirya padainja, hendiadys)
padä, “first”.
Cfr. Bailey, Arya, BSOAS XXI,536 and CMS § 437, note 7.
43 v 1
pâjçni-, “garden, treasury”.
E pärgyin-, päjin-. P 4099,139, KBT 119 päjena. Cfr. Yidya
parzïn, “enclosure for sheep”, IIFL 11,240. KT 1,248 päjinä
(P 3513, 73 r 1) = Skrt. kosa-.
50 r 3 (nom. sg.)
pajsama-, “honour”.
Dresden 478. Cfr. pajsam-, “to honour”, and pajsa(n)daa-,
“doing homage”.
45 v 2 (aec. sg.), 46 v 2 (pajsam (jsa)), 50 r 1 (acc. sg.)
j) ajsa ma da-, “honoured”.
From pajsama-, “honour” and -ada- < krta-.
55 v 2 (nom. sg.)
pajsamevya-, “honoured”.
From pajsamevita-, past part, of pajsamev-, e. g. pajsamevum
*
dïsà vT ba'ysa, “I honour the Buddhas in all directions”,
P 3513,65 r 1-2, KT 1,244. The same suffix -ev- in e. g.
ksamev-, E p. 413.
47 r 1 (acc. plur.)
Tl Nr. 2

pamäka-, “measured”.
Cfr. pamäta-, “measured”, e. g. E, Sogd. ptm'Ty, GMS § 980.
51 r 3 (nom. plur.)
pamdä-, “path”.
E pande. Cfr. Air. Wb. 847-848. Khwär. pindäk, Osset. fœndâg
etc. (cfr. Abaev 445-446 and W. B. Henning, Handbuch der
Orientalistik I.IV,1, p. 117 (pnd'k & pyd'k}), with -äka-
suffix, as in Khot. ttära-pandäka-, “having a dark path”.
48 v 1 (obi. sg.), 49 v 1 (pamdi), 55 r 2 (tsvämdä pamda)
pqmetum, 1) = pajsame-t-um, “I honour them”. Konow, Primer
111. Otherwise unknown as verb.
2) pqme-t-um, pres, middle 1. sg. “I give, bring, oiler to them”.
Meaning only probable, -t- connects verb and encl, suffix.
45 r 4—45 v 1
panyi-mqndala-, “a fivefold circle”.
Skrt. pahcamandala-. E pamja-mandala-. Cfr. Edgerton p. 416
sub mandalaka.
45 r 3
pamjsa, “five”.
E idem. Jätakast. also pamjse, pajse.
55 r 3
pamna, “before, in the presence of, in front of”.
Postposition. Cfr. Gershevitch, BO XV, 1958, p. 263.
51 v 3, 52 r 1
panam- : pana(ta)-, “arise”.
See sub hanaim-.
47 r 2 (conj. 3. plur.)
pq'nâm, pq'hau, pfhäun, pe'häm, see sub pe\
paräha-, “self-control, restraint, morality”.
It usually translates Skrt. sila-, cfr. Dresden 479. See sub
parausta-.
47 r 1 (instr, sg.), 47 v 4-48 r 1 (idem), 48 r 1 (acc. sg.)
pärämatä-, “perfection”.
Skrt. päramitä-. Cfr. Bailey, BSOAS XV,532. E pärämatä-.
48 r 3 (pärqmnäd, loc. plur., Older Khot. loc. plur. e. g. Neben­
stücke 176, line 24 pärämuo ksuo, “in the six päramitäs”)
parausta-, past part, to pres, stem pareh-, “to restrain oneself,
control oneself, keep away from”.
Prêt, stem also parosta-. See Dresden 479 sub paräha-. Cfr.
Nr. 2 73

Bailey: Analecta Indoiranica, Dr. S. K. Belvalkar Felicitation

Volume p. 2. E idem.
48 r 1 (acc. sg. with yan-, q.v.)
parauysaindaa-, “sinking, drowning’’.
Pres. part. masc. from parauys-, “to sink, drown’’. Fret, stem
parausta-. Gaus, paraiis-, see Bailey, BSOAS X,579, where
Older Khot. paroysde is quoted.
57 v 1 (nom. plur.)
parimär tha-bhqnaa-, “preacher of the highest object, of the su­
preme knowledge, truth’’. Skrt.
43 v 1 (acc. of direction)
parimänava-, parimaunava-, parqmänava-, “atom, grain’’. Also adj.
Skrt. paramänu-. E paramänava-, parimänava-.
44 r 3-4 (nom. plur., adj.), 44 v 1 (gen. sg.), 48 v 4 (nom.
plur., adj.)
parinqm-, “ripen, mature, make ready for use for’’.
Ofr. Skrt., BSkrt., and Pali parinäma, “development, ripen­
ing, maturing’’, Edgerton p. 323. J. Ph. Vogel: Prakrit In­
scriptions from a Buddhist Site at Nagarjunikonda, Epigraphia
Indica XX,1.1929, p. 31 : parinämeti, “to bend to, change to,
turn to use for somebody, apportion, destine”.
45 r 1 (pres. 1. sg.), 55 r 1 (pres, middle 3. sg.)
parinqmana, “development, transformation, ripening, doctrine”.
BSkrt. parinämana, neutr., and parinämana, fem. Edgerton
p. 323.
54 v 1—2 (acc. sg.), 55 v 4, 56 r 2 (parinqmana disina), 57 r 4
(parinqmana jsa)
parinerväna-, Skrt. parinirväna-.
46 r 4 (acc. sg.)
paräsaudha-, “completely pure”.
E paräsuddha-, Cfr. in the Kuci fragments of the Karma-
väcanä sila-pärisuddhim ärocayämi, “1 announce (my) purity
of morals” and the Agni text 414 a 2 pärisnddhim cärocayata,
and she announced her purity”, Bailey, BSOAS XIII,656-
657. Skrt. parisuddha-.
47 r 3 (nom. plur. in hendiadvs with uasva)
,
*
parsa “assembly, audience”.
Cfr. Zur nordarischen Spr. 36.
49 v 4 (parsP jsa hamtsa)
74 Nr. 2

parya-, “passed, delivered, saved’’.

Past part, to parrïj-, Dresden 479. E parräta-.
54 r 1 (nom. plur. fem.)
pa'säraa-, “garland”.
Old Khot. palsärä in Hoernle fragment 143 NS 87,1)2 bussänä
spyetärni palsärä, “perfumed garlands of flowers”. Kha 1.219,
2a 1 (bu>sanyaa palsäry(au) vi. Ch 1.0021 b, b 14 p[säre
(KBT 152), P 3513,72 v 2 pe'särä (KT 1,248), P 3513,78 v 3
pe'särä (KBT 63) (Bailey in littera, November 1959). From
*pari-sära-, “surrounding the head”, cfr. New Pers, nigün-
sär, “with bent head”, säbuk-sär, “light-headed”, and Av.
sära-, “head”. Cfr. also New Pers, afsar, Pahl. 'pysl, and
Parâcî plsär (“front”, IIFL 1,281).
45 r 2 (nom.-ace. plur.)
paysän- : paysända-, paysämda-, “to know, recognize, acknow­
ledge”.
E idem. Cfr. Dresden 479. Also e. g. P 3513,64 v 4 (KT 1,244),
P 3510.2,8 (KBT 19). Av. paitizän-.
45 v 4 (pres, middle 1. sg.)
pätcä, pätci. “afterwards, again, next”.
E pätcu, pätco. Later Khol, also pä. Cfr. Av. pasca.
45 v 1, 46 r 3, 47 v 1, 48 r 2, 48 v 1 (patch), 49 r 2, 51 v 1,
53 v 2, 54 r 3—4, 54 v 4, 55 r 2.
joe’, “strength, power”.
*
E päta
-, päsa’-. Kha 1.13,148 r 2 (KBT 7) pa'ga.
52 r 1 bis (pcfnäni, pç’nâm, gen. plur.), 52 r 2 bis (pcfhaa
jsa hamaingä), 52 r 3 (pe’näm jsa), 52 r 4 (pq>nä, nom. plur.)
pichasta-, “manifest, visible, in person, personal, self, face to
face, before one’s eyes”.
E pächasta-, Jätakast. 34 v 4 pichaste, P 2957,65 (KBT 34)
pichasta, P 2787,21 (KT 11,102) pichasta. From pi- (pati-,
pa-) and * chasta- (from kas-, “appear”), IIJ 11,153-154.
44 r 4 (pichastil, old ace. sg. = adverb), 50 r 4 (pichasta, ad­
verb), 53 r 1 (pichasta, like 44 r 4), 56 r 4 (idem), 56 v 2
(idem), 57 r 2 (idem)
plrmättama-, “supreme, foremost, excellent”.
See Bailey, BSOAS XIII,934. Cfr. Kith, pirmas, “first”.
44 v 4 (nom. plur.), 45 r 3 (nom. sg. or plur.), 45 v 1 (nom.
Nr. 2 75

piur.), 46 r 4 (acc. sg.), 48 r 1 (pTrmätta, acc. sg.), 54 v 3

(nom. piur.), 56 r 2 (nom. sg. fem.), 57 v 1 (nom. piur.)
pu'üya-, “former, previous’’.
47 r 1 (acc. piur.)
prrahälya-, “marvel, miracle’’.
Older prätähälya, Samgh. 62 a6. BSkrt. prätihärya, Pali päti-
häriya, -härika, -hera, -hïra, Edgerton p. 392.
54 r 2 (tti prrahälye raidhä, i. e. the rddhi-prätihärya. The
other two kinds attributed to Buddhas are ädesanä-prätihärya
(mind-reading) and anusäsani-prätihärya (miracle of ad­
monition), cfr. Edgerton p. 392.
prranihqna-, “vow’’.
Jätakast. 4 v 3, 29 r 1 prranahqna-, E pranähäna-. Skrt.
pranidhäna-.
49r4 (gen. plur.), 53 r 2 (instr, plur.), 54 r 3 (nom. plur.),
56 v 1 (idem), 56 v 3 (nom. sg.), 57 v 2 (gen. plur.), 57 v 3
(nom. plur.)
prranihqnïnaa-, “of the vow’’.
53 r 1 (acc. sg.)
prrarä-, “nature, true state of a Hairs’’.
Older Khot. pratara. prrara = Skrt. prakrti (Edgerton p. 356)
Tib. ran-bzin, see Bailey, BSOAS X,575.
54 r 2 (obi. sg.), 57 v 4 (acc. sg.)
prratyeka-budha-, Skrt. pratyeka-buddha.
Pali pacceka-buddha. Cfr. .lari Charpentier: Studien zur in­
dischen Erzählungsliteratur I. Paccekabuddhageschichten,
Uppsala 1908.
46 r 1 (nom. plur.)
prravartte, “he turns’’.
Pres, middle 3. sg. Skrt. pravart-.
55 v 3
prribhäua-, “strength, power’’.
E prabhäva-, Skrt. prabhäva-.
51 v 1 (instr. sg-)
püjä, “worship’’.
Skrt. püjä, E püsä-.
46 r 2 (obl. sg.), 49 v 4-50 r 1 (acc. sg.)
76 Nr. 2

püjä-karma-, “act of worship’’.

Skrt. püjä and karman-,
44 v 4 (nom. piur.), 54 v 1 (acc. plur.)
puna-, “merit”.
Skrt. punya-.
46 r 1 (nom. plur.), 46 v 2 (instr, plur. = gen. plur.), 46 v 3
(nom. sg.), 46 v 4 (nom. plur.), 50 r 2 (instr, plur.), 52 r 3
(idem), 54 v 3 (nom. plur.), 56 r 1 (gen. plur.), 57 r 4-v 1
(nom. plur.), 57 v 1 (instr, plur.), 57 v 2, 57 v 4 (instr, sg.)
para-, “son”.
Av. pufira-.
43 v 3 (acc. sg., = para), 53 r 4 (nom. sg.)
pürä-, “full moon”.
E purrä-, p. 464.
48 v 2 (nom. sg.)
pncVka-, “hearer, hearing”.
E pyüv'äka-. Cfr. pyus-.
54 v 2 (nom. sg.)
pveÇ^ha-, “blow, sound”.
50 v 4 bis (pve'hä, acc. sg., pvehä, nom. sg.)
pyamtsä, “in front, before”.
Adverb. Also used as post- & preposition, see Dresden 480.
56 v 2, 56 v 3 (+ -ästa)
pyüs- : py list a-, “to hear”.
Sogd. ptyius- : ptywst-, Yaghn. duyiis- : dyyüsta, cfr. W. B.
Henning, BBB 69, and M. S. Andreev & E. M. Pescereva :
Yagnobskie teksty, Moskva-Leningrad 1957, p. 249.
44 r 1 (pyüsti, inf., E pyüsta), 50 v 3 (pvq'ne, conj. l.sg.),
50 v 4 (pvCdne, idem), 51 r 1 (puq'ne, idem)

phara-, “many”.
E phara.
50 r 3 (nom. plur.)
pharä-, “speech, word, tongue, voice”.
See BSOS VII 1,925. Verb plier-, “to speak”.
48 r 2 bis (nom. plur. & nom. sg.), 48 r 3 (pharyau jsa), 50 v2
(phari jsa)
pharäka-, “many”.
51 r 2 (acc. plur.)
Nr. 2 77

phïsqma, “turning away, avoidance’’.

Cfr. phïsâha-, “to be avoided”, Vajr. 26b I. It translates Tib.
spart-ba, Bailey, BSOS VIII,133. P 3513,70 v 4 (KT 1,247)
phïsïme, “may I avoid”.
54 v 3 (nom. sg.), 54 v 4 (idem)

ra, ri, “now, just, also”.

Emphatic particle. E rro, rru, cfr. E p. 494.
44 v 4 (cu ra), 45 r 2(cu ra), 45 r 3 (czz rz), 45 v 1 (cu ra),
45 v 2 (czz ra), 45 v 3 (czz ra), 46 r 1 (cu ra), 47 r 4 (cuazn ra),
48 r 2 (cu rz), 49 r 4 (cu ra), 50 r 3, 53 v 4, 54 v 4
rarnna-, “jewel”.
E ratana-. Later Khot. also rene (Dresden 483) and rana-
(P 2027,16, KT 11,80). Skrt. ratna-. Parth. rdn, plur. rdnyn,
MM 111,906. Tumsuq retenanu, gen. plur., BSOAS XIII,658.
45 r 1 (nom. plur.)
ramnïrtaa-, “of jewels”.
54 r 4 (nom.-acc. plur.)
rrasta-, “straight, right”.
Av. rast a-.
52 r 3 (nom. sg.)
raysäyana-, “elixir”.
Skrt. rasdyana-. Cfr. BSOAS X,901.
45 v 2 (nom.-acc. plur.)
rraysga-, “quick”.
See Gershevitch, Hymn 215. Cfr. Arm. erag, Hübschmann 422.
54 v 4 (rraysga vira), 55 r 3 (rraysgä vï), 55 r 4 (acc. sg. =
adverb)
rrüsa’-, “kingdom, sovereignty, influence, control”.
From räz- + -ya-. Acc. sg. rräsu, Kha 1.13,145 v 4 (KBT 6),
instr, sg. rräsäna, Avalokitesvara-dhärani 5v3 (KT 111,1).
Cfr. rräysan-, “ruler”, räysanaunda-, “ruling”. Avestan rd-
zan-, “rule”, Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 7,16.
45 v 3 (loc. sg., E XX,28 rräsa), 55 r 3 (idem)
raidha-, “supernatural or magic power”.
Skrt. rddhi, fem. Pali iddhi. E riddhd. Cfr. Edgerton p. 151.
52 r 1 (gen. plur.), 54 r 2 (acc. plur.)
rre, “king”.
Cfr. Primer 121. Obi. sg. rrunidd, rädä (Jätakast. 39 r 4),
78 Nr. 2

rârnda (P 2787,168, .IRAS 1942,18). Tumsuq re, gen. sg. ride,

Handbuch 150. Base rrund-.
54 v 2 (obi. sg.), 55 v 2 (idem)
rrhihâsa-, “secret”.
Skrt. rahasya-.
58 r 1 (nom. plur.)
rtlva-, “form, shape”.
Skrt. rüpa. The Khol, word shows the common Prakrit-
development of -p- into Cfr. e. g. Ardha-mägadhi rüva-
gaya, Edgerton p. 456 (sub rüpa-gata).
55 r 4 (riina, instr, sg. Older forms Vajr. 9 b II rüvina, rüvana,
rimein a)

sadharrna-, “the Good Law”.

Vajr. 13bII saddharma. Skrt. saddharma.
49 v 2 (acc. sg.)
sadhätta-, “associated, connected with the elements, the dhätus”.
54 r 2 (nom. sg.) (if not sa[tva-]dhätt(i — sattnadhätu, ,,world
of beings”, II. W. Bailey)
sakica, “honouring, doing honour”.
Suv. 35b3 sakaeä, SPAW 1935,453. Skrt. satkrtya-, satkära-,
Pali sakkacca(m). Cfr. Edgerton p. 553.
44 v 1 (sakica)
sam, “just, only”.
Emphasizing particle. E sanm. Skrt. samam. See Bailey, Rocz-
nik Orientalistyczny Tom XXI, Warszawa 1957, p. 61, note 10.
43 v 2, 53 v 3
samamttabhadra-, nom. propr. of a Bodhisattva.
Skrt. Samantabhadra. P 2742,22-23 (KT 111,56) samattaba-
drra, S 2471,13 (KBT 91) saniattrrabqdrrq. See BSOAS X,911
and Edgerton p. 563.
43 v 2 (acc. sg.), 43 v 3 (nom. sg.), 53 r 4, 53 v 2 (nom. sg.),
53 v 3 (gen. sg.), 55 r 2 (idem)
samartha-, “adapted, capable, lilting”.
Skrt. idem.
47 v 1 (nom. plur.)
samädha, “concentration”.
BSkrt. samadhi, fem.
50 r 2 (nom. sg.)
Nr. 2 79

samähäna-, “concentration, trance’’.

Skrt. samädhäna-.
43 v 2 (-öni < -änä, nom. sg.)
samäsyä, “finished”.
Fem., from Skrt. sam-as-.
58 r 2 (nom. sg. fein.)
samkhal-, “smear, pollute”.
Past stem samkhdsta-, Dresden 487.
48 v 2 (pres. pass. 3. plur., cfr. Konow, Primer § 73 and
Gram. p. 54—55. With ni it renders BSkrt. aliptah)
samkhalüna-, “unguent”.
Ap. 21)11 samkhaluna-. Cfr. sainkhal- : sainkhdsta-, samkhai-
sta-, and (E) samkhilsta-, “to smear”, Dresden 487.
45 r 2 (samkhalühäni jsa)
samna-, “thought, plan, means”.
Jätakast. samna-, sana-. E (cfr. p. 510) sana-. Cfr. Pali sannä.
50 r 2 (nom. sg.), 52 r 4 (nom. plur.)
samudra-, “ocean”.
Skrt. samudra-.
50 v 1 (samqdrä mqnaindä), 50 v 2 (samqdrä, acc. plur.),
52 v 3 bis (samqdra, acc. plur., samqdrä, acc. sg.), 52 v 4 bis
(acc. sg.), 53 r 1 bis (samqdrä samqdrä, acc. sg.)
sarau-, “lion”.
Eater Khot. also saro, sero. E sarau. Parth. srg, Khwär. sry
Il.J 11,150, BSogd. srym, Man. Sogd. srwy, GMS § 194. Cfr.
Jarl Charpentier MO 18,24—28, Bailey BSOAS X,898—899, E
p. 512. On tsaru- see Ernst Schneider: Altindoarisch suma-
litsaru-, Beiwort des Pfluges, WuS N.F. 3, 1940, p. 161 f. and
especially p. 167 f.
44 r 2 (nom. plur.), 51 r 4 (idem)
sarvqna-, “all-knowing, omniscient”.
E saruanina- and saruana-. Skrt. sarvajna.
57 1'2 (gen. sg.)
satua-, “being”.
Skrt. sattva-.
47 v 1 (gen. plur.), 48 v 3 (acc. plur.), 49 r 1 (gen. plur.),
54 r 3 (idem), 55 v 3 (idem), 57 r 3 (tlyâin jsa---- satvam),
57 v 1 (nom. plur.), 57 v 3 (gen. plur.)
80 Nr. 2

satva-dhättä, “world of the beings’’ (= loka).

Skrt. sattvadhätu-. Vajr. 9bIV satvadäta, P 2023,14 (KT
111,45) sqttudqtta ysamasanidai. Edgerton p. 283 (dhâtu 6).
52 v 3 (satva-dhättä samqdrä), 57 v 4 (nom. sg.)
säjamca-, “teaching’’.
Pres. part. fem. as subst., from säj-, “learn, study’’, see sub
säjara-. Another example is P 2741,24 (KT 11,88, Asia Major
N.S. 1,40) aùrmaysdi gusprrisamcä, “sun’s shining out’’.
47 v 4 (iwa säjaincä)
säjanidaa, “learning, learner’’.
Pres. part, masc., cfr. säjara-.
53 v 4 (nom. sg.)
säjara-, “learner’’.
From säj- : sïya-, “learn, study’’, cfr. Dresden 487, in a com­
pound with -kara-. Cfr. E säjäka-, “learner”, säj- to Av. 1sak~,
Air. Wb. 1552 f.
46 r 1 (nom. plur.)
sqmüha-, “facing, present, manifest”.
Skrt. sämmukha. Cfr. the BSkrt. adverb sammukham, “in
personal presence”, Edgerton p. 581. In hendiadys P 2906,11
ttaiksadä sämühe, cfr. .IRAS 1942,23.
45 r 1 (gen. plur.), 45 v 1 (acc. plur.), 49 v 4 (acc. plur.),
56 v 3 (gen. sg.)
siddham, “hail, welfare”.
Skrt. part, of sidh-, “accomplished, achieved, successful”.
43 v 1
sij-, “to succeed, be successful”.
Dresden 488.
47 v 2 (pres. 3. plur., used like yan- 48 v 4), 57 v 3 (sijidi,
idem, BSkrt. samrdhya-')
si, “learnt, studied”.
E sïya-, Dresden 487. Kha 1.13,137 v 1 (KBT 2) site. Pres,
stem säj-, cfr. säjara-.
46 v 4 « *situ, acc. sg.)
spy a-, “llower”.
St. H. 52 spyakyi, with suffix -kya-, Asia Major N.S. 2,32.
E spätaa-. Cfr. Konow, Primer 127. Old Khot. gen. plur.
Nr. 2 81

spyetänu, Hoernle fragment 143 NS 87,b2 (Bailey in littera,

Nov. 1959).
45 r 2 (acc. plur.)
stava-, “praise”.
Skrt. stava-.
44 r 4 (acc. plur.)
sfiha-, “happiness, delight”.
Prakrit suha-, Skrt. sukha-. See Bailey Asia Major N.S. 1,35
(St. H. 57).
46 v 1 (hye suhi kina), 48 v 3 (loc. plur.)
sühaja-, “derived from, born of happiness”.
On the Ja-suffix see Bailey, BSOAS X,921-922.
54 v 1 (acc. plur.)
sühäva, Sukhâvatî, the paradise of Amitäyus.
Edgerton p. 597. E suhävatä. Cfr. Ch 0048,69 (KBT 74) aysa
suhäva ysyäna, “may I be born in Sukhâvatî”, S 2471,193
(KBT 97) svahäva, Ch. 00266,376 (KBT 112) svahava.
56 v 1 (sühäva ksitträ).
sühya-, “happy”.
E suhäta-, IV, 127. Skrt. sukhita-.
47 v 1 (nom. plur.)
sümîra-, nom. propr. of a mountain.
Skrt. sumeru-, Pali sumeru-, sineru-. The BSkrt. text has meru-
(verse VI), here preferred to the commoner sumeru. E sümîra-.
Parlh. smyr, MM 111,855 (10). In the interesting passage
P 2787,57—58, KI' 11,10 (mala ttraikha sümîra gäränä rämda
ttaira haraysä baida, “upon the peak top of Sumeru king
of mountains, the Taira Haraysa”, BSOAS XXI,541) the
Buddhist Sumeru is identified with the Iranian Harä-baraz-
(e. g. Yt. 9,3). Cfr. Yasna 42,3 taëramcü harar&yå (haraitî- =
hard-} barazö.
45 r 4.
snaru-, “sound, tone”.
Skrt. svara-. Cfr. BSOAS X,907-908.
44 v 3 (nom.-acc. plur.), 50 v 2 (svarä amgä — jsa)

sa\ dem. pron. nom. sg.

56 r 3 (fem.)
Hist.Filos. Medd. Dan.Vid. Selsk. 39, no. 2. G
82 Nr. 2

sadä-, “faith”.
Skrt. sraddhä-. E ssaddä-. Dresden 487.
43 v 1 (sa di jsa)
sadyäya-, “full of faith”.
Cfr. Dresden 487.
44 r 4 (sadyâyi, nom. sg.)
sä}, dem. pron. nom. sg.
43 v 2, 45 r 2, 47 r 2 (sq’), 56 r 2, 56 v 4
sâmqna-, “sramana-ship, state of a sramana”.
BSkrt. srämanya, Pali sämahha. E ssâmana.
47 v 3-4 (acc. sg.)
sai, “even, also, indeed”.
E ssai, ssei.
46 r 1, 55 r 3
sz’’, dem. pron. nom. sg. masc. (neutr.).
43 v 2, 50 v 4, 51 r 3, 53 v 3, 55 v 1, 55 v 4
stâ-, “to stand, be”.
The pres. part, is used as a connecting particle and mostly
left untranslated. Cfr. Primer § 83, p. 51 and Dresden 487.
44 v 2 (släm, pres, part.), 45 r 3 (stÿna, pres, part.), 45 v 2
(slâm), 45 v 4 (idem), 46 r 4 (idem), 46 v 1 (stÿna), 47 v 4
(idem), 48 r 4 (idem), 57 r 1 (idem), 57 r 3 (stâm)

samatha-, “calm, tranquility”.

Skrt. idem, Pali samatha-. Cfr. Edgerton 523.
43 v 2 (nom. plur.)
sÿma-, “mouth, face”.
E ssâma. Cfr. Saka Studies 176.
44 v 1 (sÿma jsa)
sâstâra-, “teacher”.
E ssâstâra-. Skrt. sâstr-, Av. sâstar-, MPers. sâstâr.
44 v 1 (nom. sg.)
sâsam\ “doctrine, teaching”.
E s'sâs'ana- and (only XXV,275) ssäysana-. Uigur sazïn
(A. von Gabain : Die uigurische Übersetzung der Biographie
Hüen-tsangs, S PAW 1935, 179), Skrt. säsana-.
47 r 4 (nom. sg.)
Nr. 2 83

sau, obi. se, “one”.

Dresden 487.
44 v 1, 50 r 3, 50 v 2, 51 r 2, 51 r 4, 51 v 2, 57 v 3
sirä-, “beauty, fortune, prosperity”.
Skrt. sri-. Dresden 486.
43 v 2
sirka-, “beautiful, good”.
P 2027,17 (KT 11,80) sairka-.
45 r 4 (sirkäm jsa), 47 r 3 (nom. plur.), 49 v 2 (ace. sg.),
50 v 3 (acc. sg.)
siirï-, “valour, bravery”.
Cfr. Dresden 487.
53 v 3 (gen. sg.)
siTsta-, “connected with, Idled, prepared”.
Past part, to pres, stem sûh-, cfr. Bailey, BSOS VII1,136.
The past part, indicating connection (cfr. yukta) with some­
thing almost has the function of a preposition.
45 r 1 (nom. plur., “connected with dresses”, i. e. “on dres­
ses”)

tta, “thus then, so”.

E idem.
45 v 4, 48 v 1, 48 v 4 (//a khu), 50 v 1, 50 v 2, 54 r 1, 54 v 3,
55 r 2 bis (//« and ttai with emphatic -z or encl. pers. pron.
3. sg.), 56 v 4 (tta khu)
ttamda-, “so great, so much”.
E ttanda-. Cfr. Eat. tantus.
46 v 4 (nom. plur.)
ttaramdara-, “body”.
E ttarandara-.
44 r 3 (instr, sg.), 45 v 4 (idem), 49 r 3, 53 v 1 (in group-
inflection, instr, sg.)
tta tta, “so, thus”.
50 r 1, 52 r 1, 53 r 4 (tta tta khu), 54 r 3, 55 r 2
ttd, “thus, then, therefore”.
Maralbasi tä.
44 r 3, 44 r 4, 44 v 4
6*
84 Nr. 2

ttäharaa-, “perfect, excellent, correct”.

Cfr. Bailey, BSOAS XI 11,655.
43 v 4 (nom. sg.)
ttaisthqma, “stopping, end”.
54 r 2 (nom. sg., mistake for naisthqma? Cfr. Skrt. nistha)
ttera-, “so much, so many”.
Dresden 413,g,l. E tterä, ttärä.
44 r 4 (tteryäm, “so many of them”)
tti, Itä, dem. pron. piur.
E ttä.
43 v 4 (nom. piur.), 44 r 2 (acc. plur.), 44 v 2 (idem), 45 r 1
(idem), 46 r 3 (idem), 46 r 4 (idem), 47 r 1 (idem), 49 v 1
(idem), 50 v 1 (nom. plur.), 50 v 2 (acc. plur.), 51 r 4 (ttä,
nom. plur., like E, and tti, acc. plur.), 51 v 2 bis (acc. plur.
and nom. plur.), 52 v 3 (acc. plur.), 53 r 2 (idem), 54 r 2
(idem), 55 r 4 (nom. plur.), 56 r 1 (idem), 56 v 1 (idem)
Ilina, dem. pron. instr. sg-
57 v 3-4
Itinka-, “so much”.
Also ttanka-. Cfr. inasüni.
57 v 3
ttirsthäda, see sub ttisthamda-.
49 v 4
ttisthamda-, “existent, in this world”.
Cfr. Dresden 475 sub ttirsthamda- and add ttairsthainda,
P 2790,127 (KT 111,63). E ttrsthanda-. Skrt. tistha-.
47 r 1 (MS ttistham dasau for ttisthamda dasau, nom. plur.),
49 v 4 (ttirsthäda with -ii- for -am-, nom.-acc. plur.)
tti, “then, thus, likewise”.
E tti, ttiyä, ttitä.
48 r 2, 57 r 3
ttradhua-, “belonging to the three times”.
E ttriadhva-. Skrt. -adhuan-.
50 v 1 (nom. plur.), 51 r 3 (idem), 51 r 4 (idem), 51 v 1 (gen.
plur.), 56r2 (ttradhvâm ba'ysyau)
tträm- : ttramda-, “to enter”.
From -ati-ram-, “to go across, enter”, cfr. Dresden 475.
50 v 2 (ttrqmqne, conj. 1. sg.), 51 r 2 bis (ttramdi and ttranidä,
Nr. 2 85

past part. acc. sg., see ham- to 51 r 2), 51 v 1 (ttramdä, idem),

51 v 3 (conj. 1. sg.)
ttrqmqma, “entering”.
50 v 3 (ttrqmqme jsa), 51 r 2 (acc. sg.), 51 r 3 (idem)
ttriksa-, “sharp, harsh, pungent”.
Cfr. Dresden 475.
55 r 3 (acc. plur.)
ttrilqka-, “the triple world”.
Skrt. triloka (i. e. the earth, the middle-world, and the heaven).
Both -q- and -ä- can represent Indian -o-, e.g. P 2787,169
läkapäla (= lokapälas) (also 173 bis, 175), JRAS 1942,18 1'.
55 v 2 (ttrilqkä, loc. sg., BSkrl. verse LI 1,4 triloke. There are
several examples of loc. sg. formed by -i, -ä. E. g. Avaloki-
tesvara-dhärani 5r3 (KT 111,1) samtsäri, 7r4 (ibid. 2)
küri pamdä (= older pamdäya), 8 r 4 (ibid. 3) aranyi tsuhau,
“one must go into the aranya”, 12 v 2 (ibid. 6) pamnye ksani,
“every moment”, Kha 1.13, 145 r 3 (KBT 6) nätäyi, “in the
river”, P 2790,129 (cfr. 132) anaicä rräsä' tsüämdä, “thev
went into power of anitya” (II. W. Bailey in littera)
ttu, dem. pron. acc. sg.
43 v 2, 53 r 1
tvada = utvada, q.v.
tvari, “very, exceedingly”.
E ttuvare, tuare. Cfr. Bailey, Asia Major N.S. 7,13.
47 r 3
tvä, dem. pron. acc. sg.
52 r 4 bis, 52 v 1 bis, 54 r 1, 54 v 1, 55 r 1, 55 r 4, 55 v 4 bis
ttyäm, dem. pron. gen. plur.
44 v 3, 47 r 3, 47 r 4, 49 r 4, 49 v 4 (ttyäm äsanf), 51 r4,
51 v 4, 53 v 4, 55 r 1, 56 r 1, 57 r 3 (ttyäm jsa)
ttyau, dem. pron. instr, plur.
E ttyau, ttyo.
45 v 2, 49 r 3, 49 v 1 (ttyau jsa), 57 v 1
ttye, dem. pron. obi. sg.
53 v 1 ter, 54 v 3, 54 v 4 (ttye jsa), 55 r 2, 56 v 3, 57 r 2, 57 v 4

tcadämde, “may they be performed”?

Apparently past part. « car-t-^, cfr. Air. Wb. 449-450) + ah-.
86 Nr. 2

Cfr. GMS § 861 and Miller, GIP I, Anhang, p. 78-79.

53 v 1
tcamna, “by which, whereby”.
E tcamäna. Later Khot. also tcana.
44 r 1
tcera-, “to be made, faciendus”.
From * cârya-. Tumsuq tsâri, nom. sg. mase. See Bailey,
BSOAS XIII,663.
56 r 2 (tcerai, nom. sg. fem. with emphatic -i or possibly z,
opt. 3. sg., “may be”? (-Ö + ï y -ai))

thyau, “swiftly, quickly”.

E thatau. Cfr. Dresden 475-476, Bailey TPS 1945,24, Rei­
chen Indog. Jahrb. 1,23.
48 v 1, 54 v 4, 55 r 3, 55 v 2, 56 v 1

tsäsla-, “quiet, peaceful”.

51 v 4 (nom. sg.)
tsu- : tsuta- (tsva-), “to go”.
Dresden 474-475. Tumsuq ccha-, Osset, cœu-, cu-, Av. sy av-,
sav-, Sogd. sw-, Old Pers, siyav-, see E. Benveniste : Etudes
sur la langue ossète, Paris 1959, p. 26.
43 v 1 (tsüin, pres. 1. sg.), 44 r 4 (idem), 49 r 4 (tsïmde, pres.
3. piur., cfr. Dresden 475), 52 r 1 (tsïme, E tsïinü, pres. 1. sg.,
used like yan- 48 v 4), 52 r 3 ter (idem), 55 r 1 (tsvämdä,
prêt. 3. piur. with transitive endings, cfr. Bailey, Handbuch
146), 55 v 3 (tsva, past part. nom. sg., with haine), 56 v 1 bis
ts[me, like 52 r 1, and tsva, past part. nom. sg.), 57 v 1
(tsïindâ, pres. 3. plur., used like yan- 48 v 4)
tsüka-, “going, moving”.
Cfr. Bailey Handbuch 147.
51 r 4 (nom. plur.), 53 r 2 (nom. sg.)
tsüma, “going”.
E tsümatä-.
46 v 2 (tsünie jsa), 48 v 1 (obi. sg.), 52 r 2 (acc. sg.), 52 r 3
(idem), 55 r 3 bis (acc. plur. and gen. sg.), 56 r 4 (obi. sg.)
tsäinaca-, “going”.
Past part. fem. as noun.
50 r 1 (loc. sg.)
Nr. 2 87

udisäyi, “with a view to, with regard to, for’’.

Other forms in the Jätakast., see Dresden 453 and 470.
E udissd. Skrt. uddisya.
55 v 3
upapatta-, “birth”.
Skrt. upapatti, Edgerton 138.
57 r 1 (ace. sg., in hendiadys with Khot. ysanitha-, cfr. Bailey
Asia Major N.S. 7,21)
urmaysdä-, “sun”.
From ahura- mazdä(h)-. Cfr. Sanglëcî ormözd, “sun”, and
Iskâsmi rëmuz(d), HFL 11,381. Also -n-stem, see NTS VII,
1934, p. 38, Saka Studies p. 190, Hoernle p. 354 and Oriental
Studies in Honour of Cursetji Erachji Pavry, London 1933,
p. 222.
48 v 2 (nom. sg.)
usah-, “to accept, exert oneself, make efforts”.
Skrt. utsahati.
47 r 4 (pres. 3. plur., used like yan- 48 v 4), 52 r 1 (pres.
1. sg., like 47 r 4)
uska, “up, above, high”.
Adverb. Cfr. Av. uskät. Dresden 470.
56 r 2-3 (translating BSkrt. adj. agrä, “first, foremost, best”)
iistamauysa-, “last”.
The same suffix in padauysa-, “first”, -an- may represent
older -dva- which would mean * ustamäva- with suffix -za-
added or perhaps rather a compound ustamd-uz-a- to a base
-vaz- (H. W. Bailey). This recalls hamdrauysya-, “passing
through the air” like Parth. andarväz (cfr. the adjective
'ndrufzyq, Mary Boyce: Manichaean Hymn-Cycles in Par­
thian, 1954, p. 182) and MPers. andarväy (e.g. Mënôk i
Xrat 57.14), “atmosphere”.
56 r 4 (obi. sg.)
utvada, “more, superior”.
With the shorter form of the comparative suffix -tara (older
-tarn), see Bailey, BSOAS XI,3. Cfr. utvadirüve.
53 r 2, 54 v 3 (tvada, nom. plur.)
ut nadir Hue, “exceedingly”.
Here with -ve (= väte, vdta). Or 8212.162,14—15 (KT 11,1)
atvadarü. These forms together with utvada, 53 r 2, and tvada,
88 Nr. 2

54 v 3, seem to be the NW-Prakrit utvara- (in the Khotan

Dharmapada B 37, BSOAS XI,493 (= Skrt. uttara-, ibid,
p. 500)). See Bailey Asia Major N.S. 7,13.
45 v 2 {atvadirüvé), 57 v 1 (utvadirüve translating BSkrt.
atïva, LXIII, line 2)
uysdïs-, “teach, explain’’.
Cfr. Dresden 470 sub uysdïsâka-.
48 r 3 (pres. 1. sg.)
ö, “and”.
E u, Tumsuq u.
47 r 4 (ü might be a mistake for cu, i. e. “---- of them and
what are the Buddha-sons” (= and of the Buddha-sons)),
47 v 1, 48 r 2, 48 v 2, 48 v 3, 49 r 1, 50 r 2, 50 r 4, 50 v 2,
51 r 2, 52 r 4, 53 v 1, 56 r 2.
-Ü, encl. pers. pron. 3. plur.
See Dresden 412.
44 v 4 (aysii), 45 r 3 (haisfdmu), 50 r 4 (aysu)
ûca, “water”.
E ütcä-. Cfr. Saka Studies 191. Adj. üccza-, “of water”, cfr.
.IRAS 1958,105 and Primer 56.
48 v 2 (loc. sg.)
ûspura-, “complete”.
MPers. 'sptvr (see the glossaries of MM I—11 & BBB). E
uspurra-.
47 r 2-3 (nom. sg.), 47 r 4 (nom. sg.), 51 r 3 (acc. sg.), 53 v 4
(acc. plur.), 56 r 3 (nom. sg. fem.), 58 r 2 (idem)
üstamänijsia-, “future, last”.
ustama- (Av. ustama-) and suffix -ämjsia-.
47 r 2 (nom. plur.), 49 r 2 (loc. plur.), 49 v 3 (ustamämjsyäm
kalpva), 50 r 1 (loc. plur.), 51 r 2 (acc. plur.), 51 v 3 (nom.
plur.), 56 v 4 (loc. plur.)
üvära-, “exalted, noble”.
Skrt. udåra-. E utära-.
45 r 1 (acc. plur.), 45 r 2 (idem), 46 r 2 (nom. plur.), 47 r 3-4
(idem), 55 r 1 (acc. sg.), 56 r 3 (acc. sg. fem.), 56 v 1 (nom.
plur.), 57 r 1 (obi. sg.)

va, “for, because of, for the sake of”.

Short form of vaska from vas-, cfr. Parth. ivsidd, Old Persian
Nr. 2 89

vasnä, Sogd. ivsn, Bailey BSOAS X,1022. E vaska.

48 v 4 (bisäm va)
vahaiys- : vahaista-, “to descend”.
Dresden 485. E vahïys-. Cfr. pahaiysâre, “they disappear”,
pres, middle 3. plur., Ch c 001,925 (KBT 138).
52 v 4 (conj. l.sg.)
parnas-, “to experience”.
Cfr. Saka Studies 192.
58 r 1 (pres. l.sg. used like yan- 48 v 4)
vamurda-, “destroyed, vanquished, suppressed”.
Past part. Dresden 483 sub nuir-.
52 v 1 (acc. sg.)
vqn- “to honour, salute”.
Av. vand-, Yasna 10,8. Nebenstücke 166, line 6: aysüm
namasüm vanüm, “I bow down to them (and) honour them”,
P 2026,69 and 72 vanü “I honour, venerate” (KT 111,51).
44 r 3 (pres. 1. sg.)
vara, “there”.
E vara, varata.
48 v 1, 50 r 3, 50 v 1, 50 v 4, 51 r 3, 52 r 1, 56 v 1, 56 v 2,
57 r 1 bis, 57 r 2-3
vara-, “good”.
Av. baôra-, Air. Wb. 1828. Skrt. bhadra-, see Bailey JRAS
1954, 28. Cfr. hamamgtä-.
43 v 3
vaska, “for, for the sake of”.
See pa.
56 v 3 (with -ästä in pyandsästä, “for the future”)
vasüjs-, “to clean, purify”.
Past stem vasuta-, vasva-. Inchoative vasüs-, “to become pure”.
Simplex sujs-, “to burn”, Jätakast., süjs-, E.
52 v 2 (vasüjï, opt. 1. sg.)
vasüs-, “to become pure”.
Cfr. vasüjs-.
53 v 2 (pres. 3. plur., used like yan- 48 v 4), 54 r 3 (idem),
56 v 3 (opt. 3. sg., cfr. Handbuch 144 and note 70)
vasva-, “pure”.
E, Tumsuq vasuta-. From * avasuxta-, cfr. Bailey TPS 1946,
202 and The Tumsuq Karmaväcanä, BSOAS XI11,658. Sogd.
90 Nr. 2

’ivsivyt-, iivsivxt-, GMS §56. coaoyôo, line 9-10 in the in­

scription from Surx-Kotal (Baylän) (A. Maricq, JA 246, 1958,
p. 363, cfr. W. B. Henning: The Bactrian Inscription, BSOAS
XXIII,51). Different H. Humbach: Die Kaniska-Inschrift von
Surkh-Kotal, Wiesbaden 1960, p. 33.
44 r 1 (acc. sg. of vasva-), 44 r 3 (instr, sg.), 45 r 1 (idem),
47 r 3 (nom. plur.), 48 r 1 (acc. sg.), 48 v 2 (nom. plur.),
49 r 1 (acc. sg.), 49 r 4, 49 v 2 (acc. sg.), 49 v 3 (nom. sg. fem.)
50 v 4 (nom. sg.), 52 v 1 (acc. sg.), 52 v 4 (idem), 53 r 3
(idem), 53 v 1 (instr, sg.), 53 v 2 (nom. sg.), 54 r 3 (nom.
plur.), 55 r 1 (nom. sg.), 55 r 2 (idem), 55 r 4, 56 v 1 (acc.
sg.), 57 v 3 (nom. plur., “pure” = “fulfilled”), 57 v 4 (acc.
sg-)
vasvattä, “purity”.
52 r 3 (vasvatte vi), 53 v 2 (vasvatte jsq), 54 r 3 (nom. sg.)
vast-, “to stand”.
See Konow, Gram. 123, E p. 497.
56 v 2 (pres. 3. plur.)
vastci, “throughout, beyond”.
Postposition. E vasta, “durch hin, über hin”.
54 r 1
vaysamba, “initiation, ordination”.
BSkrt. upasampadä, Edgerton p. 143. Niya doc. 510 obv. 1
vasampata. P 4099,1 11 (KBT 118) vaysaba (with —as often -
-mb- > -Ô-) in a similar context (vaysaba sämana). E vaysam-
bato (acc. sg.), XXIII,289 (vaysambato ssämanu).
47 v 3 (acc. sg.)
vä, “however, in fact”.
Emphatic enclitic particle.
43 v 4, 44 v 2, 46 r 1, 46 r 4, 47 r 1, 2, 50 v 1, 51 v 2, 53 v 3,
56 v 2
väma-, “sea”.
57 v 1 (v[ma, loc. sg., older vema, E XXI,65)
västa-, “dress, cloth”.
From * vastra-.
45 r 1 (instr, plur.), 45 r 4 (idem)
pris’-, “to recite, read”.
Cfr. Dresden 485. Skrt. väcaya-.
56 r 1 (pres, middle 3. sg.)
Nr. 2 91

vaudä, “desire, inclination’’.

From ava-var-, “desire completely’’? “Or rather vä-var- as in
NPers. bävar, Armen. vaiver" (H.W. Bailey) (cfr. Hübsch­
mann p. 100). Il translates BSkrt. adhimukti (verse VII),
“strong inclination, attachment ; earnest, zealous application’’,
Edgerton p. 14.
45 r 2 (in a compound), 54 v 2 (nom. sg. fem.)
vainïyaa-, “who should be converted, disciplined”.
BSkrt. vaineya (Edgerton p. 510), Pali veneyya. E vaineyaa-,
vainaiyaa-. Cfr. BSOAS X,905 (vinTyaa-, P 2893, 1 1 (KT
HI,82))
47 v 1 (nom. plur.)
vaisthäria-, “extensive, wide, huge”.
BSkrt. vaistärika, Edgerton p. 513. See Bailey .IRAS 1942,
23-24.
54 r 1 (nom. sg. fem.)
vela-, “shore”.
Skrt. velä.
44 v 3 (nom.-acc. plur.)
viinuha-, “vimoksa”.
E vämüha-. Skrt. vimoksa, Pali vimokkha, “release, salvation”,
Edgerton p. 497.
51 v 2 (nom. plur.)
vina, “now, then”.
E vaysna, Saingh. vamna. Later Khot. also vana, vena.
43 v 4
vina, vinau, “except, without”.
Dresden 485.
46r3, 52 v2, 53r 1 (vina khajqme jsa; vina —jsa is exceptional)
virain-, “annoy, displease”.
49 v 1—2 (pres, middle 1. sg., instead of virame MS has
virärame, the second syllable of which might have been
—by mistake—caused by the corresponding syllable of
BSkrt. virägayi (1. sg. opt.)).
Or virära- for *viräya- < viräga-^ (H. W. Bailey)
vistä, “happened, become, placed”.
Past part. (= vistäta-, also vistäva-, vestäva-) of vast-, vast-,
vist-, Dresden 486 sub vestäva-. E vistäta-.
48 v 3 (acc. sg.)
92 Nr. 2

inst-, “proceed, lake one’s stand, become’’.

Prêt, stem vistâta- etc., cfr. vistä.
46 v 1 (pres. 3. plur.)
uisiTna-, “bad, evil’’.
Dresden 485.
45 v 3 (nom. plur.), 55 v 4 (acc. sg. fem.)
vi, see vira,
vidisd
-,
* “intermediate or subordinate direction”.
Cfr. disa>-.
50 v 1 (loc. plur.), 51 v 2 (idem), 57 r 4 (vidasäm
* bisa)
vïjsy-, “to see, behold”.
Cfr. Dresden 484 sub vajsista-.
52 r 2 (conj. l.sg.), 52 v 3 (idem)
vira, vi, “in, on, upon”.
E virä. TPS 1945,6.
44 r 2 (vira), 45 v 1 (vi), 46 r 1 (vi), 46 r 2 (vira), 47 r 2 (vira),
47 r 3 (vi), 47 v 1 (vira), 47 v 3 (vi), 49 r 3 (vi), 49 v 1 (vi),
51 r 1 (virai, with -i, “it”), 52 r 3 (vi), 53 r 2 (vi), 54 r 4 (vi),
54 v 4 (vira), 55 r 2 (vira), 55 r 3 (vi), 58 r 1 (vi)
viväva-, “ripening, maturation”.
Skrt. vipäka, Edgerton p. 491. E vtpäka-, vïvâta-, and viväga-.
56 r 1 (instr, sg.)
viysa-, “lotus”.
E viysa-. Cfr. Dresden 485. Skrt. bisa.
48 v 2 (nom. plur.), 57 r 1 (viysana, loc. sg.)
vyach-, “realize, understand, grasp”.
Cfr. Dresden 486. It translates nämaya- (here) and adhimok-
(Vajr. 34 a III & IV, 40bl).
56r3 (pres, l.sg., used like yan- 48 v 4)
vyaysana-, “disaster, misfortune, trouble”.
Skrt. vyasana-.
57 v 1 (loc. plur.)
vyärqma, “prophecy, prediction (of attainment of bodhi made by
a Buddha)”.
vyär-, Skrt. vyäkar-, “to make a vyâkarana-", Edgerton p.
516-517, + -ämä-. Cfr. Dresden 486. Also vär-, vyir-, older
vyägar-, vyälar-, see Bailey Asia Major N.S. 7,14.
56 v 2 (acc. sg.)
Nr. 2 93

vyärana-, “prophecy”.
Skrt. vyäkarana-. See sub vyärqma.
57 r 1—2 (vyärna, acc. sg., cfr. Jâtakast. 39 v 4), 57 r 2 (idem)
uyüha-, “display, arrangement”.
Skrt. uyüha-. Cfr. Edgerton p. 520 and E p. 44 (note to 112).
45 r 3 (instr, sg.), 51 v 1 (nom. plur., cfr. BSOAS XIII,921 :
-i, -ä for -a), 51 v3 (acc. plur.)
yaksqnya-, “of the yaksas, belonging to the yaksas”.
As for -änya-, -äna-, -äna- see BSOAS X,923.
48 r 2 (nom. plur. fem.)
y an- : yuda-, “to make”.
Cfr. Dresden 483.
44 r 1 (yinämde, conj. 3. plur.), 45 v 2 (pres. 1. sg.), 45 v 3
(past part. nom. plur.), 46 v 4 (yinï, opt. 1. sg., yan- with a
-/a-part. in the acc. expressing potentiality with transitive
verbs, see BSOAS X,586 and Asia Major N.S. 1,40), 47 r 1
(pres. 1. sg.), 48 r 1 (pres. 1. sg., like 46 v 4), 48 v 3 (idem),
48 v 3-4 (idem), 48 v 4 (pres. act. 1. sg., used as if conj. or
opt., sec Dresden 414, note 65), 49 r 1 (idem), 49 v 2-3 (idem.
MS yi-'l-a-me)'), 50 r 1 (idem), 51 r 3—4 (idem), 52 r 4 (pres.
1. sg., like 46 v 4 and 48 v 4), 52 v 1 bis (pres, l.sg., the
first yinhne like yan- in 46 v 4), 52 v 1-2 (pres, l.sg., like
46 v 4), 52 v 2 (pres. 1. sg.), 52 v 4 (idem, like 48 v 4), 53 r 2
(idem), 53 r 3 (idem and like yan- 46 v 4), 53 v 4 (like 48 v 4),
54 r 1 (like 53 r 3), 54 r 4 (idem), 54 v 1 (like 46 v 4), 55 r 3
past part, yudi with opt. z), 56 v 2 (yudai, trans, prêt. 1. sg.,
E yädaimä'), 56 v 4 (like 48 v 4), 57 r2 (yinüin, pres, l.sg.,
like yan- 46 v 4), 57 r 3 (z/zzdrz, past part. acc. sg.), 57 r 3-4
(pres. 1. sg., like 46 v 4)
yäna-, “vehicle”.
Skrt. yäna. Cfr. Edgerton p. 446. E VIII,41 b mahäyäni yäni
mästä ssärä, “the Mahayana is a great (and) good vehicle”.
Translated by barrai P 2782.1 KT 111,58.
52 r 1 (gen. sg.)
ysamasamdaa-, “world, loka”.
From zam- and spanta-. E ysama-ssandaä-, cfr. Dresden 488.
44 r 2 (loc. sg.), 46 v 1 (gen. sg.), 47 v 1 (loc. sg.), 48 r 2-3
(idem), 48 v 1 (gen. sg., ysarnasaindai tsnma = loka-gati)
51 v 3 (idem)
94 Nr. 2

ysamt ha-, “birth”.

E idem. Av. zqfta-.
45 v 3 (acc. plur.), 47 v 3 (loc. plur.), 49 v 1 (ysathvâ, loc.
plur.), 50 r 1 (loc. plur.), 55 r 2 (ysamthä Dira), 57 r 1 (acc,
sg.)
ysan- : ysäta-, “to be born, appear”.
E idem. Av. zan-. Dresden 489, Saka Studies 197.
47 v 3 bis (conj. 1. sg.), 54 v 2 (ysyäte, conj. 3. sg.)
ysänasta-, “beautiful”.
Also P 3513,74 r4 (KT 1,249), Jätakast. 14 r 2. With ysau-
P 2739, 39 (KT 11,86), P 2787,68 (KT 11,103)
57rl (obi. sg., translating sobhana-, “brilliant, beautiful”)
ysaujsa-, “tasteful, savoury”.
E ysojsa-, ysaujsa-. Dresden 489.
45 v 2 (nom.-acc. plur.)
ysautta-, “flowed out, disappeared, ceased”.
Past part. E ysotta- (IV, 142). ysauttä = lib. zags-pa, hdzag-pa
(BSOS VIII,141)
43 v 1 (nom. plur.)
ysïrasta-, “having a heart, devoted”.
From y str a-, E ysära-, “heart”, Av. zarad-, Par th. zyrd etc.,
and -asta-, cfr. Dresden 418. Sec Bailey Asia Major, N.S. 2,33.
44 r 4 (nom. sg.)
ysurra-, “anger”.
E ysurrä. Later Khot. also ysära (P 5538b,45, KT 111,122,
also 75 and 76, KT 111,124)
45 v 3 (gen. sg.)
ysüsta-, “liked, approved”.
Av. zaos-, Old Pers, daus- (in daustar-, “friend”), Old Ind.
jos-. E p. 491.
56 r 2 (nom. sg. fem.)
ysvyqma, “tasting”.
From ysüs-, ysv'- (E XXIV,4 ysir" are, “they taste, enjoy”,
pres, middle). Cfr. ysüsta-.
46 v 2 (ysvyqme jsa)
 Abbreviations
Abaev V. Abaev: Istoriko-etimologiceskij slovar’ osetin-
skogo jazyka, tom I. Moskva-Leningrad 1958.
Air. Wb. Cur. Bartholomae: Alt iranisches Wörterbuch.
Strassburg 1904.
Ap. Aparimitäyuh Sütra, ed. by Sten Konow, Hoernle
p. 289-329.
BRR W.B. Henning: Ein manichäisches Bet- und
Beichtbuch, APAW 1936. Phil.-hist. Klasse Nr. 10.
BO Bibliotheca Orient alis.
BSLP Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris.
BSO(A)S Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African)
Studies, University of London.
BTLVN-I Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van
Nederlandsch-Indie, ’s-Gravenhage.
Burrow The Language of the Kharosthi Documents from
Chinese Turkestan by T. Burrow. Cambridge 1937.
Dresden Mark J. Dresden: The Jàtakastava or “Praise of
the Buddha’s Former Births”. Indo-Scythian (Kho-
tanese) Text, English Translation, Grammatical
Notes, and Glossaries. Transactions of the Ameri­
can Philosophical Society, New Series- Volume 45,
Part 5, 1955.
E Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
XX. Band No. 1, 1933, No. 2, 1934, No. 3, 1936.
Das nordarische (sakische) Lehrgedicht des Bud­
dhismus. Text und Übersetzung von Ernst Leu-
mann. Aus dem Nachlass herausgegeben von Manu
Leumann.
Edgerton Franklin Edgerton: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Grammar and Dictionary, Vol. II, Dictionary,
New Haven 1953.
Edgerton, Grammar Idem, Vol. I, Grammar, New Haven 1953.
ERE Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.
Ghilain A. Ghilain: Essai sur la langue parthe. Son sy­
stème verbal d’après les textes manichéens du
Turkestan oriental. Bibliothèque du Muséon, Vol.
9, Louvain 1939.
96 Nr. 2

GI-APh Grundriss der indo-arischen Philologie und Alter­

tumskunde, Strassburg.
G IP Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, Strassburg.
GMS Ilya Gershevitch: A Grammar of Manichean
Sogdian. Publications of the Philological Society
XVI, Oxford 1954.
Gr. Bd. Great Bundahisn, ed. E. T. 1). Anklesaria, Bom­
bay 1908.
Handbuch H. W. Bailey: Languages of the Saka, Handbuch
der Orientalistik IV,I, 1958.
Hobogirin P. DEMiéviLLE et J. Takakusu: Hôbôgirin. Dic­
tionnaire encyclopédique du bouddhisme d’après
les sources chinoises et japonaises.
Hoernle A. F. Rudolf Hoernle: Manuscript Remains of
Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan,
Vol. I, Oxford 1916.
Horn Paul Horn: Grundriss der neupersischen Etymo­
logie. Sammlung indogermanischer Wörterbücher
IV, Strassburg 1893.
I lübschmann H. Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik, I. Teil,
Leipzig 1897.
Hymn Ilya Gershevitch: The Avestan Hymn to Mi-
thra, Cambridge 1959.
Idg. Jahrb. Indogermanisches Jahrbuch, Strassburg.
HFL Georg Morgenstierne: Indo-Iranian Frontier
Languages I, 1929, II, 1938.
IIJ Indo-Iranian Journal, ’s-Gravenhage.
JA Journal Asiatique, Paris.
Jâtakast. Jätakastava, ed. Dresden.
JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
KBT H. W. Bailey: Khotanese Buddhist Texts, Cam­
bridge Oriental Series No. 3, 1951.
Konow, Gram. Sten Konow: Khotansakische Grammatik. Porta
Linguarum Orientalium XXII, 1941.
KT Khotanese Texts I, ed. by IL W. Bailey, 1945,
Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts
Volume II, 1953, Indo-Scythian Studies Being
Khotanese Texts Volume III, 1956.
Maralbasi Sten Konow: The Oldest Dialect of Khotanese
Saka, NTS XIV, 156-190.
MM F. C. Andreas-W. B. Henning: Mitteliranische
Manichaica aus Chinesisch-Turkestan I, SPAW
1932, II, ibid. 1933, III, ibid. 1934.
MO Le Monde Oriental.
Nebenstücke Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
XV,2. Buddhistische Literatur. Nordarisch und
Nr. 2 97

Deutsch. I. Teil: Nebenstücke. Von Ernst Leu-

mann, Leipzig 1920.
NTS Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap.
Primer Sten Konow: Primer of Khotanese Saka, NTS
XV, 5-136.
Psa’t. F. G. Andreas-K. Barr: Bruchstücke einer Peh-
levi Übersetzung der Psalmen, SPAW 1933.
Rev. Phil. Revue Philosophique, Paris.
Saka Studies Sten Konow: Saka Studies. Oslo Etnografiske
Museum Bulletin 5, Oslo 1932.
Saingh. Samghätasütra, cd. Konow, Saka Studies 63-111.
SPÀW Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften.
St. H. H. W. Bailey: The Staöl-IIolstein Miscellany,
Asia Major N.S. 2,1-45.
Stiv. Suvarnabhâsasütra in Sten Konow: Zwölf Blätter
einer Handschrift des Suvarnabhâsasütra, SPAW
1935.
TPS Transactions of the Philological Society.
Turn su q H. W. Bailey: The Tumshuq Karmaväcanä,
BSOAS XIII,649-670.
Va jr. Vajracchedikä, ed. Sten Konow, Hocrnle 214-288.
W Watanabe’s text (Buddhist Sanskrit) of the
Bhadracaryädesanä.
Watanabe Die Bhadracarï. Eine Probe buddhistisch-religiöser
Lyrik. Untersucht und herausgegeben. Inaugural-
Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der
Philosophischen Fakultät der Kaiser Wilhelms-
Universität zu Strassburg. Vorgelegt von Kaikioku
Watanabe. Leipzig 1912.
Zor. Prob. IL W. Bailey: Zoroastrian Problems in the Ninth-
Century Books, 1943.
Wu S Wörter und Sachen. Kulturhistorische Zeitschrift
für Sprach- und Sachforschung, Heidelberg.
Zur nordarischen Spr. Schriften der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in
Strassburg 10. Heft. Zur nordarischen Sprache und
Literatur. Vorbemerkungen und vier Aufsätze mit
Glossar von Ernst Leumann, Strassburg 1912.

Indleveret til Selskabet den 5. september 1960.

Færdig fra trykkeriet den 30. maj 1961.
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 Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab
Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser
(Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.)

Bind 37 (kr. 80,00) kr. 0.

1. Rubow, Paul V.: Trold kan tæmmes (The Taming of a Shrew).
1957 ............................................................................................................ 6,00
2. Kornerup, Bjørn: Lector Theologiæ Jens Poulsen Windings
Vita. Et Bidrag til Belysning af de lærde Udenlandsrejser i
det 17. Aarhundrede. With an English Summary. 1957 10,00
3. Szôvérffy, Josef: Volkskundliches in Mittelalterlichen Gebet­
büchern. Randbemerkungen zu K. M. Nielsens Textausgabe.
1958 ............................................................................................................ 5,00
4. Johansen, J. Prytz: Studies in Maori Rites and Myths. 1958. 22,00
5. Ferdinand, Klaus: Preliminary Notes on Hazära Culture.
(The Danish Scientific Mission to Afghanistan 1953-55). 1959. 10,00
6. Rubow, Paul V.: Kong Henrik den Sjette. 1959.......................... 6,00
7. Thodberg, Christian: The Tonal System of the Kontakarium.
Studies in Byzantine Psalticon Style. 1960 .................................... 14,00
8. Aaboe, Asger: On the Tables of Planetary Visibility in the
Almagest and the Handy Tables. 1960 ......................................... 4,00
9. Rubow, Paul V.: King John. 1960..................................................... 3,00

Bind 38 (kr. 70,00)

1. Blinkenberg, Andreas: Le problème de la transitivité en fran­
çais moderne. Essai syntacto-sémantique. 1960 ........................ 40,00
2. Diderichsen, Paul: Rasmus Rask og den grammatiske tradi­
tion. Studier over vendepunktet i sprogvidenskabens historie.
Med tillæg fra Rasks og N. M. Petersens papirer. Mit einer
deutschen Zusammenfassung. 1960................................................. 30,00

Bind 39
(na fsluttet I in preparation)
1. Neugebauer, O.: A New Greek Astronomical Table (P. Heid.
Inv. 4144 + P. Mich 151). 1960............................................................. 3,00
2. Asmussen, Jes Peter: The Khotanese Bhadracaryädesanä.
Text, Translation, and Glossary, together with the Buddhist
Sanskrit Original. 1961......................................................................... 18,00
3. Hjelholt, Holger: On the Authenticity of F. F. Tillisch’ Re­
port of November 24th, 1849, Concerning Conditions in Sles­
vig under the Administrative Commission. 1961...................... 3,00
4. Johansen, K. Friis: Ajas und Hektor. Ein vorhomerisches
Heldenlied? 1961.................................................................................... 11,00
 From Vol. 37, No.l, 1957 the designation Historisk-filologiske Med­
delelser is changed into Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser. The numbering
of the volumes will continue regardless of the change of name. The
publications will besides the subjects treated up till 1957, include papers
on Philosophy, Archeology, and Art History
On direct application to the agent of the Academy, Ejnar Munks-
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taken out for the series of Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser. This sub­
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