NILE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

Certificate of Nile International Secondary Education

Level 2


BIOLOGY 3062/02
Paper 2 May/June 2018
2 hours
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
 Answer all questions.
 Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
 Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
 Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You should show all your working and include units in your answer.
INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 80.
 The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in
brackets [ ].

For Examiner’s Use

Question
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total

This document has 20 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

06_3062_02/5RP
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. For

Examiner's
Use
1 Fig.1.1 is a photomicrograph of a section through the wall of one of the airways in the human
gas exchange system.

Fig. 1.1

(a) Identify the tissue labelled L.

[1]

(b) Tissue K contains two types of cells.

(i) Name the two types of cells present in this tissue.

[2]

(ii) Explain why damage to this tissue can lead to a reduction in the volume of air
reaching the alveoli.

[2]

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(c) Table 1.1 shows the partial pressures of the respiratory gases in the alveoli and in the For
pulmonary circulation. Examiner's
Use

Table 1.1

partial pressure in partial pressure partial pressure in

gas
pulmonary artery / kPa in alveolus / kPa pulmonary vein / kPa

oxygen 5.3 13.3

carbon
6.0 5.3
dioxide

(i) Gas exchange occurs across the alveoli walls by diffusion.

Complete Table 1.1 by suggesting values for the partial pressure of each gas.

[2]

(ii) Explain how the rate of gas exchange is maximised in the lungs.

[5]

[Total: 12]

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2 Edible fats contain triglycerides. Triglycerides contain three fatty acid molecules attached to a For
molecule of glycerol. Examiner's
Use

(a) Name the type of covalent bond which attaches glycerol to fatty acid molecules in a
triglyceride.

[1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of stearic acid. Stearic acid is a type of fatty acid.

O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

H O C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Fig. 2.1

The formula for stearic acid is C18H36O2.

Linoleic acid is another fatty acid with the same number of carbon atoms and oxygen
atoms as stearic acid but 4 fewer hydrogen atoms than stearic acid.

Describe how the structure of linoleic acid differs from that of stearic acid.

[2]

(c) The presence of triglycerides in a food sample produces a white emulsion when the
sample is tested for the presence of lipids.

(i) Describe how a food sample is tested for the presence of lipids to produce this white
emulsion.

[2]

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(ii) Describe the properties of lipids that lead to the formation of an emulsion in this test. For
Examiner's
Use

[2]

(d) The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that total fat intake in the diet should
not exceed 30% of the daily energy intake of an adult.

1 g of fat provides 37 kJ of energy.

(i) An adult female has calculated that her daily energy requirement is 8500 kJ.

Calculate the maximum mass of fat she should eat in one day if she follows WHO
recommendations.

Show your working. Give your answer to two significant figures.

g [2]

(ii) Discuss why it is important to limit the amount of fat in the diet.

[4]

[Total: 13]

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3 Coral reefs are the most diverse marine ecosystem. They are also a major tourist attraction. For
Examiner's
Use
The formation of coral reefs depends on Scleractinian corals. These are also known as hard
corals.

(a) Between 1998 and 2002, the population of crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci,
increased dramatically on the coral reefs in the Red Sea. This species is a predator
which feeds on and destroys hard coral.

(i) Complete Table 3.1 to classify A. planci.

Table 3.1

domain

kingdom Animalia

genus

[2]

(ii) Outline the key features of the kingdom to which both corals and starfish belong.

[2]

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(b) A survey of coral reefs was carried out in 2005 at different sites in the Ras Mohammed For
National Park in the Red Sea close to the Egyptian coast. Table 3.2 shows the results Examiner's
Use
obtained for the hard corals present at these sites.

Table 3.2

sampling site mean hard coral cover / %

Shark Observatory 19
Old Quay 16
South Bereika 25
Marsa Ghozlani 21

Describe a sampling method that could be used to obtain the results shown in Table 3.2.

[4]

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(c) Fig. 3.1 shows the percentage increase in hard coral cover (HCC) at each of the four For
sample sites since the end of the increase in population of A. planci. The graph also Examiner's
Use
shows the number of dives by tourists visiting each of the sites.

16
30 000
14

12 25 000

10 20 000

increase in HCC / % 8 number of dives

15 000
per year
6
10 000
4

2 5000

0 0
Shark Old Quay South Marsa
Observatory Bereika Ghozlani

Key

increase in HCC / %
number of dives per year

Fig. 3.1

(i) Use the data in Fig. 3.1 to suggest one strategy that could be used by the national
government to help conserve the coral reefs of the Red Sea.

[2]

(ii) Outline the role of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
(CITES) in maintaining the biodiversity of the coral reefs of the Red Sea.

[2]

[Total: 12]

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4 The middle lamella in plant tissues is found between the cell walls of adjacent cells. For
This structure is made of a polymer called pectin. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Examiner's
Use

Fig. 4.1 shows the structure of part of a molecule of pectin.

COOCH3 H OH COOH
O O
H H O H
O OH H
H H
OH H O H OH H O
H O H H
H OH COOCH3 H OH

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) Describe the similarities and differences between the structure of pectin as seen in
Fig. 4.1 and the structure of cellulose.

[4]

(ii) Pectin can be broken down by the enzyme pectinase.

Name the type of reaction catalysed by pectinase.

[1]

(iii) State one use of the enzyme pectinase in food production.

[1]

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(b) The effect of increasing temperature on the activity of pectinase is investigated. For
Examiner's
Use
The experiment is carried out using pectinase prepared in two different ways:

 free in solution
 immobilised.

The results are shown in Fig. 4.2.

100

80

60
relative activity / %
40

20

0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
temperature / °C

Key

free in solution
immobilised

Fig. 4.2

(i) Use the data in Fig. 4.2 to describe the effect of immobilisation on the activity of
pectinase.

[2]

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(ii) Discuss the advantages of using immobilised enzymes, compared with enzymes For
free in solution, in industrial processes. Examiner's
Use

[3]

[Total: 11]

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5 Monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify the organisms responsible for human For
infections. Examiner's
Use

Fig. 5.1 shows how monoclonal antibodies are produced.

Antigen

cell X

cell Y

tube 1 cell Z

tube 2
monoclonal antibodies containing clones
of cell Z

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Name cell types X, Y and Z.

Z [3]

(ii) State the property of cells such as cell type X which makes them useful for the
production of monoclonal antibodies.

[1]

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(iii) State the evidence from Fig. 5.1 which shows that cell Z has divided by mitosis in For
tube 2. Examiner's
Use

[1]

(iv) Antibodies were produced in the plasma of the mouse following an injection with a
pathogen.

Describe how the plasma antibodies differ from those antibodies produced in tube 2.

[2]

Filariasis is a disease which is present in some parts of Egypt. Filariasis is caused by a parasitic
worm called Wuchereria bancrofti which is transmitted from person to person by Culex
mosquitoes.

(b) Complete Table 5.1 to compare filariasis and malaria.

Table 5.1

filariasis malaria

kingdom to which
Animalia
parasite belongs

name of parasite Wuchereria bancrofti

name of vector Culex sp.

[3]

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(c) Monoclonal antibodies are used in diagnostic testing of blood samples to confirm the For
presence of W. bancrofti. Examiner's
Use

The procedure for testing samples is outlined in Fig. 5.2.

Test plate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A
B
C
D
E
F
antibody to W. bancrofti
attached to the base of the well

well is rinsed out

W. bancrofti blood sample added to well

antigen

well is rinsed out

second antibody is added

dye
this antibody has a fluorescent dye attached
the well is rinsed again
each well on the test plate is examined for signs of fluorescence

Fig. 5.2

(i) Explain why the antibodies used in tests to confirm the presence of W. bancrofti
have to be monoclonal.

[2]

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(ii) Suggest two reasons why it is important to identify people infected with the parasite. For
Examiner's
Use

[2]

[Total: 14]

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6 Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are both gases that can be transported in the blood. For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Describe the ways in which carbon dioxide is transported from respiring tissues.

[5]

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The binding of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin is irreversible and forms a compound called For
carboxyhaemoglobin. Examiner's
Use

(b) (i) State the effect of exposure to carbon monoxide on oxygen transport.

[1]

Fig. 6.1 shows the dissociation curve for haemoglobin.

100

saturation of 75
haemoglobin
with oxygen / %
50

25

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
partial pressure of oxygen / kPa

Fig. 6.1

(ii) Sketch on Fig. 6.1 the dissociation curve in the presence of carbon monoxide.

[1]

(iii) State one source of carbon monoxide in air.

[1]

[Total: 8]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows how sucrose is transported across leaf cells and into the phloem. For
Examiner's
leaf section Use

mesophyll cell high H+ concentration

companion
cell wall cell H+
cytoplasm S
T
S

sieve tube H + H+
low H+ S
U element concentration

sucrose transported
by process V

Fig. 7.1

(a) Identify from Fig. 7.1:

structure S [1]

pathway T [1]

pathway U [1]

(b) Process V shows how sucrose is loaded into the phloem sieve tube element.

(i) Name the process V.

[1]

(ii) State the location and describe the role of mitochondria in the loading of sucrose
into the phloem.

[3]

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(iii) Explain how the entry of sucrose into the sieve tube element causes an increase in For
hydrostatic pressure in the sieve tube element. Examiner's
Use

[3]

[Total: 10]

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BLANK PAGE

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1 © Ref: C030/5104; Alvin Telser/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY; Trachea, Respiratory Epithelium, LM; www.sciencephoto.com
Figure 1.1
Question 3 © adapted: ed Dr D J Smith & S McMellor; Baseline Conservation Value Index assessment of Ras Mohammed National Park;
Table 3.1 Coral Reef Research Unit, University of Essex; 2005.
Question 3 © adapted: ed Dr D J Smith & S McMellor; Baseline Conservation Value Index assessment of Ras Mohammed National Park;
Figure 3.1 Coral Reef Research Unit, University of Essex; 2005.
Question 4 © H L Ramirez et al; Biotecnología Aplicada; http://scielo.sd.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1027-28522013000200003
Figure 4.2 June 2013.
Question 5 © adapted: OCR Human Biology; June 2010.
Figure 5.2
Question 6 © adapted: http://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100796 19 January 2017.
Figure 6.1
Question 7 © adapted: http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/src/Locked/media/ch36/sucrose_load.html 19 January 2017.
Figure 7.1

Copyright © UCLES, 2018

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© UCLES 2018 3062/02/M/J/18