The beam shown has the following specifications and loads: f’c= 28Mpa, fy=414Mpa, DL=25kN/m,

LL=28kN/m. Design the beam for critical negative and positive moments. Also, design the most
critical spacing of stirrup. Clearly specify your assumption and design considerations. Use Ultimate
Strength Design Method and apply LL patterns to get the maximum design moments.
The beam shown has the following specifications and loads: f’c= 28Mpa, fy=414Mpa, DL=25kN/m,
LL=28kN/m. Design the beam for critical negative and positive moments. Also, design the most
critical spacing of stirrup. Clearly specify your assumption and design considerations. Use Ultimate
Strength Design Method and apply LL patterns to get the maximum design moments.
488 C H A P T E R 15 Torsion

PROBLEMS

For Problems 15.1 to 15.3, determine the equilibrium torsional Problem 15.4 Repeat Problem 15.1 if the width is changed
capacity of the sections if no torsional reinforcing is used. from 16 in. to 12 in. and the depth from 20 in. to 28 in.
f c = 4000 psi, fy = 60,000 psi, and normal-weight concrete.
Problem 15.5 Repeat Problem 15.3 if f c = 3000 psi and
sand-lightweight concrete. (Ans. 5.99 ft-k)
Problem 15.1 (Ans. 6.57 ft-k)
Problem 15.6 What minimum total theoretical depth is needed
for the beam shown if no torsional reinforcing is to be used?
The cross section is not shown, but it is rectangular with
b = 20 in. and the depth to be determined. The concentrated
21 in. load is located at the end of the cantilever 8 in. to one side of
24 in. the beam centerline, fy = 60,000 psi, f c = 4000 psi, and all
4 #8 lightweight concrete.
3 in.
PD = 9 k, PL = 5 k
15 in. neglect beam weight

Problem 15.2

16 in. 16 in. 8 ft

4 in.
Problem 15.7 If the reinforced concrete spandrel beam shown
has f c = 4000 psi, sand-lightweight concrete, and
15 in. 22 in. fy = 60,000 psi, determine the theoretical spacing required for
#3 stirrups at a distance d from the face of the support where
3 #10 Vu = 32 k and Tu = 10 ft-k. Clear cover = 1 12 in. (Ans. 5.87
ft-k < 10 ft-k ∴ torsion reinf. reqd @ 7.81 in. on center)
3 in.
14 in.

24 in.

4 #9
1
Problem 15.3 (Ans. 8.14 ft-k) 2 in.
2

14 in.
4 in.

16 in.
26 in.

5 #10 6 in.

5 in. 6 in. 5 in.

16 in.
 Problems 489

Problem 15.8 Design the torsion reinforcement for the beam shown at a section a distance d from the face of the support for a
torsional moment of 24 ft-k. Vu = 90 k, f c = 3000 psi, and fy = 60,000 psi. Clear cover = 1.50 in. Use #4 stirrups.

80 in.

6 in.

27 in. 37 in.

8 #10

4 in.
14 in.

Problem 15.9 Determine the theoretical spacing of #4 closed stirrups at a distance d from the face of the support for the edge
beam shown if f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. Tu equals 36 ft-k at the face of the support and is assumed to vary along the
beam in proportion to the shear. Clear cover = 1 12 in. and normal-weight concrete. (Ans. 6.82 in.)

6 in.

17 in. 26 in.

4 #8
3 in.

18 in. 16 in. 30 in.

D = 2 k/ft (including beam weight)

L = 3 k/ft

24 ft

Problem 15.10 A 12-in. × 22-in. spandrel beam (d = 19.5 in.) with a 20-ft simple span has a 4-in. slab 16 in. wide on one side
acting as a flange. It must carry a maximum Vu of 60 k and a maximum Tu of 20 ft-k at the face of the support. Assuming these
values are zero at the beam centerline, select #4 stirrups if f c = 3000 psi, normal-weight concrete, fy = 60,000 psi, and clear
cover = 1.5 in.
490 C H A P T E R 15 Torsion

Problem 15.11 Determine the theoretical spacing of #4 closed stirrups at a distance d from the face of the support for the beam
shown if the load is acting 3 in. off center of the beam. Assume that the torsion equals the uniform load times the 3 in.,
f c = 3000 psi, all lightweight aggregate concrete, and fy = 60,000 psi. Assume that the torsion value varies from a maximum at the
support to 0 at the beam centerline as does the shear. Assume 1.5-in. clear cover. (Ans. 8.51 in.)

D = 1 k/ft (including beam weight)

L = 2.8 k/ft
25 12 in.
28 in.

3 #8 20 ft

3 12 in. 7 in. 3 12 in.

2 12 in.
14 in.

Problem 15.12 Is the beam shown satisfactory to resist a Tu Problem 15.13 Using Chapter 15 Excel spreadsheet,
of 15 ft-k and a Vu of 60 k if f c = 4000 psi and determine the required spacing at a distance d from the support
fy = 60,000 psi? The bars shown are used in addition to those for Problem 15.7. Use the same materials, but change concrete
provided for bending moment. to all-lightweight aggregate. (Ans. 7.81 in.)
Problem 15.14 Repeat Problem 15.11 using #3 closed
3 in. stirrups, f c = 4000 psi, semi-lightweight concrete, and
#4 @ 5 in. Chapter 15 spreadsheet.
#6 14 in.
20 in.

2 12 in. 7 in. 2 12 in.

12 in.
 Problems 491

Problems in SI Units
Problem 15.15 Determine the required spacing of #13 closed stirrups at a distance d from the face of the support for the
beam shown assuming that the torsion decreases uniformly from the beam end to the beam centerline. The member is
subjected to a 34-kN • m service dead load torsion and a 40-kN • m service line load torsion at the face of the support,
fy = 420 MPa, f c = 24 MPa, and clear cover = 40 mm. (Ans. 175 mm)

D = 10 kN/m (including beam weight)

L = 25 kN/m

Problem 15.16 Determine stirrup spacing at distance d from support for the beam shown if the load is acting 100 mm off
center of the beam. Assume the torsion at the support equals the uniform load times 100 mm, f c = 28 MPa, and
fy = 420 MPa. Use #13 stirrups and assume that the torsion and shear vary from a maximum at the support to zero at the
beam centerline. Clear cover = 40 mm.

D = 12 kN/m (including beam weight)

L = 25 kN/m

600 mm

3 #32
6m

300 mm
258 CHAPTER 8 Shear and Diagonal Tension

Shear Design—Beams

Vu = 60,000 lb
f′c = 3000 psi
λ= 1
bw = 14 in.
d= 24 in.
Av = 0.22 in.2
fyt = 60,000 psi
φ= 0.75
Vc = 36,807 lb
φ Vc = 27,605 lb -
1φ V = 13,803 lb
2 c
Vs = (Vu – φVc)⎪φ = 43,193 lb
-
Required φVs = 32,395 lb
s= 7.33 in.
choose s = 7.00 in. -

smax = 12 in. Code Section 11.4.5 -

Av min = 0.082 in.2 Code Eq. 11-13 -
smax = 22.95 in. also Code Eq. 11-13
smax = 18.86 in. Code Eq. 11-13 with 50 psi limit
Controlling smax = 12.00 in.
Actual φ Vs = 33,943 lb
Check φVc – φ Vs = 61,548 lb

PROBLEMS Shear Analysis

Problem 8.5 What is the design shear strength of the beam
Problem 8.1 The ACI Code provides the following limiting
shown if fc = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi? No shear
shear values for members subject only to shear and flexure: reinforcing is provided. (Ans. theoretical φVc = 31,876 lb,
  
2 fc , 4 fc , and 8 fc . What is the significance of each of these φVc /2 = 15,938 lb controls)
limits?
Problem 8.2 If the maximum shear force in a member occurs
at a support, the code permits the designer to calculate the shear
at a distance d from the face of the support in the presence of a
certain condition. Describe the situation when this reduced shear
24 in.
may be used. 27 in.

Problem 8.3 Why does the code limit the maximum design
3 #8
yield stress that may be used in the design calculations for shear
reinforcing to 60,000 psi (not including welded wire fabric)?
3 in.
Problem 8.4 What is shear friction and where is it most likely
to be considered in reinforced concrete design?
14 in.

Problem 8.6 Repeat Problem 8.5 if the total depth of the

beam is 32 in. and fc = 3000 psi.
 Problems 259

For Problems 8.7 to 8.9, compute φVn for the sections shown if Problem 8.9 (Ans. 38,331 lb)
fyt of stirrups is 60 ksi and fc = 4000 psi.
Problem 8.7 (Ans. 79,519 lb)

5 in.

#3 stirrups 27 in. #3 stirrups 22 in. 32 in.

@ 8 in. 30 in. @ 6 in.

1
2 in.
2
1
2 in.
2

18 in. 5 in.
3 in.
16 in.

Problem 8.8

4 in.

#3 stirrups 21 in.
@ 10 in. Shear Design

3 in. Problem 8.10 If fc = 3000 psi, Vu = 60 k, and bw = 12 d ,

select a rectangular beam section if no web reinforcing is used.
12 in.
Use sand-lightweight concrete. bw is an integer inch.

For Problems 8.11 to 8.19, for the beams and loads given, select stirrup spacings if fc = 4000 psi normal-weight concrete and
fyt = 60,000 psi. The dead loads shown include beam weights. Do not consider movement of live loads unless specifically requested.
Assume #3 stirrups unless given otherwise.

Problem 8.11 (One ans. 1 @ 6 in., 10 @ 12 in.)

wD = 1 k/ft
wL = 2 k/ft

24 in.
27 in.
28 ft

15 in.
3 in.
260 CHAPTER 8 Shear and Diagonal Tension

Problem 8.12 Problem 8.13 Repeat Problem 8.12 if live load positions are
considered to cause maximum end and centerline shear. (One
wD = 2 k/ft ans. 1 @ 4 in., 4 @ 8 in., 2 @ 10 in., 4 @ 13 in.)
wL = 4 k/ft
27 in. 30 in.

4 #9
18 ft
12 in.
3 in.

Problem 8.14

PL = 20 k PL = 20 k

wD = 4 k/ft
1
25 in.
2 28 in.

6 ft 6 ft 6 ft

15 in. 1
2 in.
2

Problem 8.15 (One ans. 1 @ 6 in., 8 @ 12 in.)

PL = 30 k
1
1 in.
2
32 in.
38 in.

3 in.
12 ft 12 ft

24 ft
20 in.
3 in.

Problem 8.16 Use #4 stirrups.

3 in.

PL = 20 k
4 #11
wD = 3 k/ft

24 in. 27 in.

14 ft

14 in.
 Problems 261

Problem 8.17 Use #4 stirrups. (One ans. 1 @ 3 in.,

8 @ 5 in., 2 @ 8 in., 5 @ 10 in.)

3 in.

wD = 2 k/ft 4 #10
wL = 4 k/ft

21 in. 24 in.

12 ft

14 in.

Problem 8.18
4 in.
60 in.

23 in. 27 in.

30 ft

10 in.

Problem 8.19 If the beam of Problem 8.14 has a factored axial For Problems 8.21 and 8.22, repeat the problems given using the
compression load of 120 k in addition to other loads, calculate Chapter 8 Excel spreadsheet.
φVc and redesign the stirrups. (One ans. 3 stirrups, 1 @ 4 in.,
3 @ 10 in., 4 @ 12 in.) Problem 8.21 If Vu = 56,400 lb at a particular section,
determine the theoretical spacing of #3 stirrups for the beam
Problem 8.20 Repeat Problem 8.19 if the axial load is tensile. of Problem 8.11. (Ans. Theoretical s = 10.68 in., use
Use #4 stirrups. maximum = 10 in.)
Problem 8.22 If Vu = equals 79,600 lb at a particular section,
determine the spacing of #4 stirrups for the beam of Problem
8.12.
Problem 8.23 Prepare a flowchart for the design of stirrups
for rectangular T or I beams.
262 CHAPTER 8 Shear and Diagonal Tension

Problems in SI Units

For Problems 8.24 to 8.26, for the beams and loads given, select stirrup spacings if fc = 21 MPa and fyt = 420 MPa. The dead
loads shown include beam weights. Do not consider movement of live loads. Use #10 stirrups.
Problem 8.24

Problem 8.25 (One ans. #10 stirrups, 1 @ 100 mm, 13 @ 300 mm)

Problem 8.26
 Problems 217

Development Length, Tension

f'c = 4000 psi
fy = 60,000 psi
fyt = 60,000 psi
b= 18 in.* d
27 in.*
h
d=
h= 30 in.* As
As = 3.14 in.2*
Atr = 0.22 in.2*
db = 1 in. b
n= 4 *
s= 8 in.*
ψt = 1.00
ψe = 1.00 *Cells indicate that this information is optional.
ψs = 1.00 Mu, b, d, h, and As are needed only to calculate.
λ= 0.75 As required, Atr , n, and s are needed only if the Ktr term is
cb = 2.00 in. to be used. All terms with * can be omitted, and
Mu = 358.40 ft-k* a conservative value of ld will result.
ψt ψe = 1
Ktr = 0.275
(cb + Ktr)⎢db = 2.28

3 fy ψt ψe ψs
ld = db = 41.7 diameters
40 λ f'c ⎡ cb + Ktr ⎤ 41.7 in. (not adjusted for As ⎢As provided)
⎢ ⎥
⎣ db ⎦
As required = 3.12736 in.2
As required ⎢As provided = 0.995975 ld = 41.5 in. (adjusted for As ⎢As provided)

but not less than 12 in.

Printout of Example 7.11 results.

SOLUTION

Input the values of the cells highlighted in yellow (only in the Excel spreadsheets, not the printed
example). Some cells are optional (see note marked with * in the printout for Example 7.11 shown
above). Pass the cursor over cells for comments explaining what is to be input. Note that two
answers are given, one with the As required/As provided reduction and one without. In this example,
there is little difference because this ratio is nearly 1.0.

PROBLEMS
Problem 7.1 Why is it difficult to calculate actual bond Problem 7.3 Why do the cover of bars and the spacing of
stresses? those bars affect required development lengths?
Problem 7.2 What are top bars? Why are the required Problem 7.4 Why isn’t the anchorage capacity of a standard
development lengths greater than they would be if they were not hook increased by extending the bar well beyond the end of the
top bars? hook?
218 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Problem 7.5 For the cantilever beam shown, determine the point where two bars theoretically can be cut off from the standpoint
of the calculated moment strength, φMn , of the beam. fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 3000 psi. (Ans. 9.96 ft from free end)

16 in.
3 @ 3 in. = 9 in.
1
1
3 2 in. 3 2 in.
3 in.
#3 4 #9
stirrups

wu = 5 k/ft
32 in.
29 in.

12 ft

For Problems 7.6 to 7.9, determine the development lengths Problem 7.8 Epoxy-coated bars in lightweight concrete,
required for the tension bar situations described using ACI As required = 2.76 in.2 .
Equation 12-1 and: (a) assuming Ktr = 0, and (b) the calculated
value of Ktr .

Problem 7.6 Uncoated bars in normal-weight concrete. fy = 60,000 psi

As required = 3.44 in.2 . #3 stirrups 24 in.
f 'c = 3000 psi
@ 7 in. o.c.
3 #9

fy = 60,000 psi 3 in.

30 in.
#3 stirrups f 'c = 4000 psi 3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in.
@ 8 in. o.c.
3 #10
Problem 7.9 Uncoated top bars in normal-weight concrete.
3 in. As required = 3.68 in.2 . (Ans. 59 in., 50 in.)

3 in. 4 in. 4 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 @ 3 in. = 9 in. 3 in.

3 in.
Problem 7.7 Uncoated bars in normal-weight concrete.
#3 stirrups 4 #9
As required = 4.25 in.2 . (Ans. 43 in., 27 in.) @ 8 in. o.c. fy = 60,000 psi
f 'c = 6000 psi
27 in.

26 in. fy = 60,000 psi

#4 stirrups f 'c = 4000 psi
@ 6 in. o.c. 6 #8

Problem 7.10 Repeat Problem 7.6 if the bars are epoxy

3 in. coated.
3 in. Problem 7.11 Repeat Problem 7.7 if all-lightweight concrete
3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in. with fc = 3000 psi and epoxy-coated bars are used. (Ans.
98.8 in., 62.1 in.)
 Problems 219

Problem 7.12 Repeat Problem 7.8 if three uncoated #6 bars Problem 7.16 Set up a table for required development lengths
are used and As required = 1.20 in.2 . for the beam shown, using fy = 60,000 psi and f c values of
3000 psi, 3500 psi, 4000 psi, 4500 psi, 5000 psi, 5500 psi, and
Problem 7.13 Repeat Problem 7.9 if the bars are four #8 and
6000 psi. Assume the bars are uncoated and normal-weight
epoxy coated and all-lightweight concrete is used. (Ans.
concrete is used. Use ACI Equation 12-1 and assume Ktr = 0.
81.6 in., 69.0 in.)
Problem 7.14 The bundled #10 bars shown are uncoated and
used in normal-weight concrete. As required = 4.44 in.2 .

#3 stirrups 40 in.
@ 6 in. o.c.
fy = 60,000 psi #9 bars
32 in.
#4 stirrups f 'c = 5000 psi
@ 6 in. o.c. 3 in.
#10 bars
3 in. 3 in.
4 in. 3 @ 4 in. = 12 in.

3 in. 9 in. 3 in. measured to c.g. of outside

longitudinal bar Problem 7.17 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #8 bars are used. (Ans.
41.1 in., 38.0 in., 35.6 in., 33.5 in., 31.8 in., etc.)
Problem 7.18 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #7 bars are used.
Problem 7.15 Repeat Problem 7.14 if the bars are epoxy Problem 7.19 Repeat Problem 7.16 if #6 epoxy-coated bars
coated and used in sand-lightweight concrete with are used in lightweight concrete. (Ans. 39.4 in., 36.5 in.,
f c = 4000 psi. (Ans. 78.3 in., 63.4 in., etc.) 34.2 in., 32.2 in., 30.6 in., etc.)

Problem 7.20
(a) Determine the tensile development length required for the uncoated #8 bars shown if normal-weight concrete is used and the
bars are straight. Use ACI Equation 12-1 and compute the value of Ktr . f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.
(b) Repeat part (a) if 180◦ hooks are used.
Assume side, top, and bottom cover in all cases to be at least 2 12 in.

21 in.

3 @ 5 in.
3 in. 3 in.
= 15 in.

3 in.

4 #8
#3 stirrups
@ 6 in. o.c.

27 in. 30 in.
220 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Problem 7.21 Are the uncoated #8 bars shown anchored Problem 7.22 Repeat Problem 7.21 if headed bars are used
sufficiently with their 90◦ hooks? f c = 3000 psi and instead of 90◦ hooks and f c = 5000 psi.
fy = 60 ksi. Side and top cover is 2 12 in. on bar extensions.
Problem 7.23 Repeat Problem 7.7 if the bars are in
Normal-weight concrete is used. As required = 2.20 in.2 . (Ans.
compression. (Ans. 17.9 in.)
ldh = 14.3 in., sufficient)

2 in. clear
3 #8

12 in. clear 15 in.

16 in.

For Problems 7.24 to 7.29, use ACI Equation 12-1 and assume Ktr = 0.
Problem 7.24 The required bar area for the wall footing shown is 0.65 in.2 per foot of width and #8 epoxy-coated bars 12 in. on
center are used. Maximum moment is assumed to occur at the face of the wall. If fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 4000 psi, do the bars
have sufficient development lengths? Assume cb = 3 in.

Problem 7.25 Repeat Problem 7.24 using #7 @ 9 in. and Problem 7.27 The beam shown is subjected to an Mu of
without epoxy coating. (Ans. ld = 20.2 in. < 27 in. OK) 250 ft-k at the support. If cb = 1.5, Ktr = 0, the concrete is
lightweight, fy = 60,000 psi, and f c = 4000 psi, do the
Problem 7.26 Problem 7.24 has insufficient embedment
following: (a) select #9 bars to be placed in one row,
length. List four design modifications that would reduce the
(b) determine the development lengths required if straight bars
required development length.
are used in the beam, and (c) determine the development lengths
needed if 180◦ hooks are used in the support. (Ans. 3 #9,
95.2 in., 26.0 in.)

b = 12 in.
d = 22 1 in.
2
 Problems 221

Problem 7.28 In the column shown, the lower column bars Problem 7.30 Calculations show that 4.90 in.2 of top or
are #8 and the upper ones are #7. The bars are enclosed by ties negative steel is required for the beam shown. If four uncoated
spaced 12 in. on center. If fy = 60,000 psi and f c = 4000 psi, #10 bars have been selected, f c = 4000 psi, and
what is the minimum lap splice length needed? Normal-weight fy = 60,000 psi, determine the minimum development length
concrete is to be used for the 12-in. × 12-in. column. needed for the standard 90◦ hooks shown. Assume bars have
3-in. side and top cover measured from c.g. of bars and are used
in normal-weight concrete. The bars are not enclosed by ties or
stirrups spaced at 3db or less.

Problem 7.29 Calculations show that 2.64 in.2 of top or

negative moment steel is required for the beam shown. Three #9
bars have been selected. Are the 4 ft. 6 in. embedment lengths
shown satisfactory if f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi? Bars
are spaced 3 in. o.c. with 3-in. side and top cover measured
from c.g. of bars. Use Ktr = 0. (Ans. No; ld = 69 in. >
4 ft 6 in., not adequate)

3 #9 3 #9

3 in.
21 in.

4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in. 4 ft 6 in.

Problem 7.31 If fy = 75,000 psi, f c = 4000 psi, wD = 1.5 k/ft, and wL = 5 k/ft, are the development lengths of the straight
bars satisfactory? Assume that the bars extend 6 in. beyond the centerline of the reactions and that Ktr = 0. As required = 3.05 in.2 .
The bars are uncoated and the concrete is normal weight. (Ans. ld = 57.6 in., embedment length is adequate)

21 in.

3 in.

3 @ 3 in.
3 in. 3 in. 1 ft 6 in. 11 ft 0 in. 1 ft 6 in.
15 in.
14 ft 0 in.
222 CHAPTER 7 Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices

Compression Splices

Problem 7.32 Determine the compression lap splices needed

for a 14-in. × 14-in. reinforced concrete column with ties
(whose effective area exceeds 0.0015 hs, as described in Section
12.17.2.4 of the code) for the cases to follow. There are eight
#8 longitudinal bars equally spaced around the column.
(a) f c = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi
(b) f c = 2000 psi and fy = 50,000 psi

Problems in SI Units
For Problems 7.33 to 7.36, determine the tensile development Problem 7.34
lengths required using: (a) ACI Metric Equation 12-1, assuming
Ktr = 0, and (b) ACI Metric Equation 12-1 and the computed
value of Ktr . Use fy = 420 MPa and f c = 28 MPa.
Problem 7.33 (Ans. 922 mm, 769 mm)
#13
stirrups @
425 mm
200 mm
o.c. 500 mm

3 #32
#10
stirrups @ 75 mm
150 mm 620 mm
o.c. 700 mm 75 2 @ 100 75
mm mm mm
4 #25
350 mm

80 mm
Problem 7.35 Repeat Problem 7.33 if the longitudinal bars
80 3 @ 100 mm 80 are #19. (Ans. 437 mm, 437 mm)
mm = 300 mm mm
Problem 7.36 Repeat Problem 7.34 if the bars are epoxy
460 mm coated.

Computer Problems

For Problems 7.37 and 7.38, use the Chapter 7 spreadsheet.

Problem 7.37 Repeat Problem 7.6. (Ans. 52.1 in., 44.0 in.)
Problem 7.38 Repeat Problem 7.9.
Problem 7.39 Repeat Problem 7.22. (Ans. ldt = 13.6 in. >
13 in. available ∴ no good)
 Problems 179

PROBLEMS
Problem 6.1 What factors make it difficult to estimate Problem 6.3 How can the deflection of concrete beams be
accurately the magnitude of deflections in reinforced concrete limited?
members?
Problem 6.4 Why is it necessary to limit the width of cracks
Problem 6.2 Why do deflections in concrete members in reinforced concrete members? How can it be done?
increase as time goes by?

Deflections
For Problems 6.5 to 6.10, calculate the instantaneous deflections for the dead and live loads shown. Use fy = 60, 000 psi, fc =
4000 psi, and n = 8. Beam weights are included in the wD values.
Problem 6.5 (Ans. 0.637 in.)
3 in.

wD = 2 k/ft
wL = 3 k/ft

34 in.
31 in.

15 ft

20 in.

Problem 6.6
1
4 2 in.

PL = 20 k

wD = 2 k/ft

32 in.
1
27 2 in.
18 ft

16 in.

Problem 6.7 (Ans. 1.12 in.)

1
2 2 in.

34 in.
1
312 in.

10 ft 10 ft

24 in.
180 CHAPTER 6 Serviceability

Problem 6.8
6 in. 6 in. 6 in.

8 in.

10 in.

36 in.

15 in.
28 ft

3 in.

18 in.

Problem 6.9 (Ans. 1.54 in.) Problem 6.10 Repeat Problem 6.8 if a 25-k concentrated live
load is added at the centerline of the span.
2 in.
2 in.
3 #8
wD = 0.5 k/ft
10 in. 18 in.
wL = 3.0 k/ft

4 in.

12 ft
4 in.
14 in.

For Problems 6.11 and 6.12, calculate the instantaneous deflections and the long-term deflections after four years, assuming that
30% of the live loads are continuously applied for 48 months. fy = 60, 000 psi, fc = 4000 psi, and n = 8.

Problem 6.11 (Ans. Instantaneous δ for full wD + wL = 1.056 in., long-term δ = 1.832 in.)

wD = 1 k/ft
wL = 1.5 k/ft
17 12 in.
20 in.
4 #9

24 ft
12 in.
1
2 2 in.
 Problems 181

Problem 6.12

1
2 2 in.
wD = 1.6 k/ft
wL = 2.4 k/ft 2 #9

18 2 in. 24 in.
1

4 #10

30 ft
16 in.
3 in.

Problem 6.13 Repeat Problem 6.12 if the two top #9 For Problems 6.17 and 6.18, estimate maximum crack widths
compression bars are removed. (Ans. Instantaneous δ for full with the Gergely–Lutz equation. Compare the results with the
D + L = 2.11 in., long-term δ = 3.66 in.) suggested maximums given in Table 6.3. Assume fy = 60 ksi and
β h = 1.20. Also, calculate maximum permissible bar spacings
Problem 6.14 Repeat Problem 6.12 using sand-lightweight
as per ACI Equation 10.4. Assume moist air conditions.
concrete (γc = 125 pcf).
Problem 6.17 (Ans. 0.0144 in. > 0.012 in., max: ACI
Problem 6.15 Using Chapter 6 Excel spreadsheet, repeat
spacing = 9.09 in.)
Problem 6.12 using all-lightweight concrete (γc = 100 pcf). 3 in.
3 in.
(Ans. Instantaneous δ for full wD + wL = 2.14 in., long-term 2@5 in.
= 10 in. 3 in.
δ = 3.16 in.)

Crack Widths
Problem 6.16 Select a rectangular beam section for the span 28 in.
and loads shown. Use ρ = 12 ρb , #9 bars, fc = 3000 psi, and 25 in.
fy = 60,000 psi. Compute the estimated maximum crack widths
using the Gergely–Lutz equation. Are they less than the
suggested maximum value given in Table 6.3 for dry air?
16 in.

Problem 6.18

18 in.
24 in.

28 ft 3 in.
3 in.
3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in.
12 in.
182 CHAPTER 6 Serviceability

For Problems 6.19 to 6.21, same questions as for Problems 6.17 Problem 6.21 (Ans. 0.0165 in. > 0.016 in., 6.59 in.)
and 6.18, but assume interior exposure.

28 in.
Problem 6.19 (Ans. 0.0129 in. < 0.016 in., max: ACI 2 in.
spacing = 9.26 in.) 2 in.

15 in. 32 in.
24 in.
21 in.

3 in.
3@3 in. 3 in.
= 9 in. 4 in.
3 in. 3 in. 3 in.
6 in.
3 in. 15 in. bottom in tension
12 in.

Problem 6.20

52 in.
Problem 6.22 What is the maximum permissible spacing of
4 in. #5 bars in the one-way slab shown that will satisfy the ACI
Code crack requirements? fy = 60,000 psi.

22 in.
32 in.
1
3 2 in.
5 in.
3 in. 1
1 2 in.
3 in.
3 in. 3 in. 3 in. 3 in.
12 in.

Problems in SI Units
For Problems 6.23 to 6.25, calculate the instantaneous deflections. Use normal-weight concrete with fc = 28 MPa and
fy = 420 MPa.
Assume that the wD values shown include the beam weights. Es = 200 000 MPa.

Problem 6.23 (Ans. 17.2 mm)

 Problems 183

Problem 6.24

wD = 20 kN/m

Problem 6.25 (Ans. 10.22 mm)

2 @ 150 mm
100 mm 100 mm

65 mm 100 mm
70 mm

PL = 60 kN 6 #29
wD = 15 kN/m
900 mm
800 mm

5m

500 mm

For Problems 6.26 and 6.27, do these beams meet the maximum
spacing requirements of the ACI Code if fy = 420 MPa?

Problem 6.26 The beam of Problem 6.24.

Problem 6.27 The beam of Problem 6.25 (s = 253 mm).

Problem 6.28 Rework Problem 6.11 using the Chapter 6

Excel spreadsheet.