1.

UM MUNDO DE MUITAS LÍNGUAS

Multilingualism

Multiculturism

Diversity - the state or quality of being varied or different

Heterogeneous - composed of different parts or elements that are not the same

Homogeneous - composed of parts or elements that are the same

Multicultural - representing several different cultures

To emigrate - to leave a country to settle in another

To immigrate - to come to a new country and settle there

immigrant worker - someone who works outside their native country, often doing seasonal
work

ethnic minority - an immigrant or racial group regarded by those claiming to speak for the
cultural majority as distinct and unassimilated

host culture - the culture belonging to the country in which you are living, and belonging to the
people native to that country

to host

refugee - a person who flees for refuge or safety, esp. to a foreign country, as in time of political
upheaval, war, etc.

safe haven- a place in which a person is safe from danger

deportation - the lawful expulsion of an undesired alien or other person from a state, or the
act of sending someone back to his or her country of origin

abroad - in a country other than your own or outside your home country

racial segregation - separating two parts of the society according to skin colour

asylum - a safe place granted by a state to a person fleeing from a repressive political regime,
war, dangerous situation, etc

to ask for asylum -

to assimilate - to make different parts or elements the same

hybrid - person or group of persons produced by the interaction or crossbreeding of two unlike
cultures, traditions, etc.

indigenous - originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native

lingua franca - any language that is widely used as a means of communication among speakers
of other languages.

English as a lingua franca

border control - a measure used by countries to control and monitor who enters or leaves a
country

country of origin - the country a person originally comes from

residence permit - permission granted by a state allowing a person from another country to
live there

citizenship test - a test that people who are applying for citizenship of a country have to pass to
become full citizens

tolerance - a fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions, practices,
race, religion, nationality, etc., differ from one's own

racial background

heritage

African people playing instruments. One looks like a drum. They are playing on the street and it
looks like a parade.

The second image depicts Chinatown. There are a lot of tourists and people are just walking by.
Both images show the importance of cultural appreciation. In the first image, people are
celebrating their own culture and showing it to others. They are wearing typical African
clothes. And they are making their culture known to other locals.

In the second pic, a whole street is built to celebrate Chinese or Asian cultures. Here people
can find typical Asian food, clothes, services…so the locals can see certain feature of an foreign
culture – try new foods, listen to another language/music, interact with other people – and the
Asians who come to the foreign country can experience their home again.
 2. O MUNDO TECNOLÓGICO

progress – to develop towards an improved or more advanced state.

The pace of technological progress over the past 20 years has been astonishing.

innovation – the development and use of a new idea or method.

Further innovation is needed in the farming industry if we are to be able to feed ourselves in
the future.

innovative – the adjective form of innovation.

Guti was a much-valued member of the team as he often came up with innovative solutions to
a problem.

an advance – a development or improvement.

Scientists have made major advances in recent years in their search for a cure for Alzheimer’s.

develop – to change into a stronger or more advanced form.

I can confidently predict that computers will continue to develop at a rapid rate.

development – the process of developing something.

Future developments in space travel may mean that our ancestors live on other planets.

revolutionary – involving or causing a complete or dramatic change and improvement.

The development of personal computers has proved revolutionary for business owners.

Revolutionise / revolutionize – to radically change something so it is much better.

There’s no doubt that computers have revolutionised our lives.

breakthrough – important development or discovery.

Some people argue that the invention of the internal combustion engine was the most
important technological breakthrough of all time.

modern – of the present time; using recent ideas and methods.

Modern science is transforming the way we understand our world.

modify – to change something in order to make it better.

Being disabled, I need a car that can be modified to meet my specific needs.

cutting-edge – very modern.

Our new mobile phone is still in development but it is at the cutting-edge of technology.

advanced – modern and well developed.

In the developing world, simple technologies such the mechanical water pump are often more
practical solutions to everyday problems than the advanced computer technologies of the
western world.

high tech – using or involving advanced technology.

Some high tech solutions are less reliable than the basic technology they replace.

indispensable – something you could not manage without; absolutely necessary.

For many people, their mobile phone is indispensable.

outdated – out of date; old-fashioned.

Jared didn’t want to buy a new iPhone but his mobile looked so outdated compared to those
of his friends that he felt pressured into updating it.

obsolete – not in use any more, having been replaced by something better.

Jerry had to close down his small printing business as his old printer had become obsolete and
he couldn’t afford to replace it with the latest state-of-the-art equipment.

impact – the effect of something.

Modern technology has had a massive impact on the way we communicate with each other.

to transform – to markedly or dramatically change.

There can be no denying that computers have transformed the way we work and study.

game changer – a new idea or factor that significantly changes an existing situation or way of
doing something.

The professor’s new theory was a game changer and if proved correct, brought the possibility
of time travel one step closer.

affect – to influence or cause a change in something.

Social media has radically affected both how we communicate and who we communicate with.

influence – the power to have an effect on the character, development or behaviour of

someone or something.

The influence of modern technology is evident in almost every aspect of our daily lives from
how we shop to how we spend our leisure time.

to surf the internet – to look at a series of websites one after the other.

I spent hours surfing the internet searching for the best holiday deals.

to browse – to look for and look at information on the internet.

I often browse the internet for gift ideas when a friend has a birthday coming up.

privacy – the right to keep personal information secret.

Many internet users are very concerned about the privacy of their personal information.

censorship – suppressing or stopping certain information being available to the public.

The Chinese have their own social media channels as government censorship means they can’t
access Facebook, Twitter or Instagram.

internet security – computer systems implemented or actions taken by computer users to

protect their data while using the internet.

Internet security is a real concern for people making credit card purchases online.

internet safety – computer systems implemented or actions taken by computer users to stay
safe while using the internet.

I want to learn more about internet safety as I’ve heard many stories about children being
befriended by paedophiles online and I want to protect my own kids

hacker – a person who illegally gains access to a computer system to steal information or
tamper with the system.

Computer hackers cause huge disruption within the organisations they target and could even
pose a threat to our country’s security.

computer virus – a piece of code which is capable of copying itself and typically has a
detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data.

- Timor's computer was infected with a computer virus and many of his files were damaged.

cyber – involving, using, or relating to computers, especially the internet.

- Many business owners live in fear of a cyber attack, especially infection of their computer
network with a virus.

cybersecurity – the measures taken to protect against the criminal or unauthorised access of
electronic data.

- Cybersecurity has become a major industry as computer hackers have become more and
more skilled at breaking into supposedly secures computer systems.

cybercrime – criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet.

- Identity theft, where someone steals and misuses your personal information, is one of the
most common types of cybercrime.

device – a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or
electronic equipment. It is usually quite small.
- A FitBit is a device that helps people improve their health by tracking their activity, exercise,
food, weight and sleep.

Gadget -

The second image shows/depicts an escavation site

Air pollution from all the machines required on the site and
To compare something/someone to something/someone

On camera/on the screen

Mental issues / mental health

To look up to someone

Frustrasted, unmotivated, not good enough

Youtube / to upload to…

Trends, trendsetters
 3. OS MEDIA E A COMUNICAÇÃO GLOBAL

https://edubenchmark.com/blog/ielts-vocabulary-news-and-media/

print media: journals, newspapers

online media: online newspapers, blogs,

3. OS JOVENS NA ERA GLOBAL

(p. 28 nº 7)

 Attorney
 Journalist
 Nurse
 Doctor
 Actor/actress
 Ceo
 Schoolmaster
 Secretary
 Carpenter
 Low-income families
 High-income families
 Part-time job
 Full-time job
 Overtime
 Self-employed
 Job-sharing
 Career
 Business
 To hire, to employ
 Benefits
 Responsibilities
 Experience
 Dreams, hopes for the future

5. O MUNDO À NOSSA VOLTA

Ver os do livro

 atmosphere
 biodegradable
 biodiversity
 carbon dioxide
 climate
 conservation
 contamination
 disposable
 diversity
 ecology
 ecosystem
 endangered species
 energy
  environment
 environmentalist
 erosion
 extinct
 extinction
 fossil fuel
 to recycle
 to preserve

Renewable energies

It prevents us from using other wasteful energies

CONSUMMERISM

what can these habits of consumerism lead to?

To be all piled up together

It’s all gathered up

To depict – mostrar

6. O MUNDO DO TRABALHO

 a regular job

 commuter / to commute (to commute to work)

 employee/worker

 employer

 to take on a job as a …

 Occupation / profession

 to earn one's living – I am earning my living by working night shifts

 to run a firm – to run a business

 What do you do for a living?

 Worker
  job interview /interviewer

 skilled worker – skills >

 to apply for a job

 training

 internship

 a full-time job

 a part-time job

 menial job

 summer job

 seasonal job

 flexitime

 freelancer

 schedule

 salary

 to get a raise

 to work in shifts

 to work overtime

• In your opinion, how important is it for employees to be happy at work? (Why?)

• Do you think we should celebrate the International Week of Happiness at Work? (Why? /
Why not?)

• If you were a businessperson, what would you do to make your employees happy at work?
(Why?)

• Tell me about an advantage of having happy people around you at school.

• In your opinion, how important is it for employees to know their rights? (Why?)

• Where do you think people should learn about employment rights? (Why?)

• If you could choose, would you prefer to have a lifelong job or to change jobs from time to
time? (Why?)

• Tell me about your main priorities when choosing a job.

• In your opinion, how important is it for employees to prioritise a work-life balance? (Why?)
• Do you think working from home helps to achieve a work-life balance? (Why? / Why not?)

• If you had a stressful job, what would you do to reduce the amount of stress after work?
(Why?)

• Tell me about a disadvantage of working under pressure.

Office work

No interaction with the public

Face-to-face / in person / organic

Impersonal /artificial / online / distant

O JOVEM E O CONSUMO

1. consumer
2. consumerism
3. to consume
4. overconsumerism / to overconsume
5. product
6. ad /ads / advertisement / advertising
7. marketing
8. shopaholic
9. a chain
10. trade
11. ethical / unethical shopping
12. to shop for
13. To purchase / a purchase
14. goods
15. retail
16. irresponsibility
17. frequent customer
18. sale
19. discount
20. income
21. buying capacity
22. spending limit
23. to spend
24. temptation
25. on average
26. greed
27. anxiety
28. guilt
29. item
30. satisfaction
31. contentment
32. available
33. in stock
34. online shopping
35. overpriced
36. bargain
37. to deal with
38. best deal
39. to claim
40. to complain
41. complaint
42. to charge…
43. tips
44. shipment
45. bill
46. receipt
47. damaged goods
48. faulty item
49. reimbursement, refund
50. compensation
51. membership fees
52. rival, competitor
53. to dump the price
54. flea market
55. thrift store
56. to be obsessed with
The wrap of the bus is covered in advertisements. It looks like a British bus. It is all red and
covered in ads. All the ads are quite colourful which is an advertising tactic to catch the public’s
attention. So, when each passenger gets on or off the bus, they are inevitably going to see the
advertisements and somewhat they’re going to be influenced to bur certain products or
services.

This image could be portraying online advertising. It looks like the internet globe with different
online windows. It could symbolize all the ads that we can see on social media when we are
scrolling through our posts. I think that this form of advertising is more useful and effective
nowadays because people are always on their phones, especially teenagers. And also, online
shopping has become more and more popular. People are constantly buying online because it’s
quicker and easier, but this also means that people tend to spend way more. So, this is why I
think that the latter way of advertising works better.
• What do you usually shop for—beautiful or useful things? (Why?)

• Do you ever buy goods that are produced locally? (Why? / Why not?)

• In your opinion, is it important to celebrate Buy Nothing Day? (Why? / Why not?)

• Tell me one reason why consumers should avoid buying something even though they think
they might need it.

• How do you feel about shopping—is it a necessary activity or an addictive hobby? (Why?)

• Do you think shopping lists are useful? (Why? / Why not?)

• In your opinion, which is the best way to avoid overspending—paying with a credit card or in
cash? (Why?)

• Tell me whether you think schools should raise awareness of the consequences of
consumerism.
4. OS JOVENS NA ERA GLOBAL
Women (wiman)

Woman
• Do you think teenagers around the world have the same expectations for their future? (Why?
/ Why not?)

• In your opinion, does globalisation mean that countries could, in the future, lose their
cultural identity? (Why? / Why not?)

-Americanization or McDonaldization

Media, newspapers, social media, tv, series, music, pop culture

To have an impact on cultural identity.

People from other parts of world may end up adopting a USA lifestyle, its customs and
traditions thus forgetting about their own culture.

• Do you believe that English will ever be replaced as a global language? (Why? / Why not?)
Lingua Franca

• Tell me about a way we can fight the negative effects of globalisation.

We can try control…

Create activities or festivals to celebrate our own culture

• How has globalisation affected young people’s lives? (Why?)

• Do you think it’s possible to ignore globalisation? (Why? / Why not?)

• In your opinion, how far has technology contributed to globalisation?

• Tell me about something you would change in our globalised world.

• Do you consider yourself a hard-working student? (How many hours a day do you usually
study?) (Why / Why not?)

Short answers

Yes, I do.

No, I don’t.

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

• Is there anything you would like to change at your school? (What is it?) (Why? / Why not?)
• Would you like to go to a Portuguese university? (Why? / Why not?)

• Tell us about your dream job

• Have you enjoyed attending school so far? (Why? / Why not?)

• Is there a school subject you are particularly good at? (Which one?) (Why? / Why not?)

• In your opinion, should people go on learning even after they leave school? (Why?)

• Tell us about your favourite free time activities.

Coffee