COMPETENCY – BASED
LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR
Qualification Title:
Aquaculture NC II
Unit of Competency:
Perform estimation and calculation
Module Title:
Performing estimation and calculation
Southern Luzon State University
LUCENA CAMPUS
Lucena City
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 1
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
AQUACULTURE NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
1 Apply safety measures in Applying safety measures AGR321201
farm operations in farm operation
2 Use farm tools and Using farm tools and AGR321202
equipment equipment
3 Perform estimation and Performing estimation AGR321203
basic calculation and calculation
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 2
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome!
The unit of competency aquaculture production is one of the requirements to
attain the specific skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are necessary in the work field.
This competency was one way to have good conversations, collaborate, and connect with
each team member building unity and teamwork in the field.
This module also contains the contents needed to understand the topics or the
lessons. There were task sheets, operational sheets, and job sheets that should performed
and penetrated to achieve the learning objectives or outcomes set on it. You should follow
the given instructions to produce accurate output to satisfy the given task or activity. You
can ask your trainers if you are confused and do not understand the given activity. Then
check your work to determine if it satisfies the given criteria.
In this module you must read and understand the given information sheet and
answer the information sheet to test yourself. There is another reference that you may
look at the end of this module to better understand the topic.
Perform the task sheets, operational sheets, and job sheets to enhance and develop
your skills and knowledge in your chosen field or career. You must follow the procedures
and the criteria to produce a good quality product.
Submit your output to your assessor to assess and evaluate your performance and
to record your accomplishments. For the final, ask your facilitator for the evaluation of
your performance.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 3
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 COVER PAGE 1
2 Qualification Title 2
3 How to use this Competency-based Learning Materials 3
4 Table of Contents 4
5 Module Content 5
6 Learning Outcome # 1 6
7 Information Sheet 3.1.1 7
8 Self-Check No. 1 12
9 Answer Key for Self-Check No.1 13
10 Information sheet 3.2.1 14
11 Self-check No. 2 28
12 Answer Key for Self-Check No.2 29
13 References 30
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 4
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
MODULE CONTENT
Qualification Title: AQUACULTURE NC II
Unit of Competency: Perform Estimation and Calculation
Module Title: Performing Estimation and Calculation
Introduction:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required
to perform safety measures effectively and efficiently. It includes identifying areas, tools,
materials, time, and place in performing safety measures.
Learning Outcome:
Upon completion of this module, the students/learners must be able to:
1. Perform estimation.
2. Perform basic workplace calculations.
Assessment Criteria
1.1 Job requirements are identified from written or oral communication.
1.2 Quantities of materials and resources required to complete a work task are
estimated.
1.3 The time needed to complete a work activity is estimated.
1.4 Accurate estimates for work completion are made.
1.5 Estimate of materials and resources are reported to the appropriate person.
2.1 Calculations to be made are identified according to job requirements.
2.2 Correct method of calculation identified.
2.3 System and units of measurement to be followed are ascertained.
2.4 Calculations needed to complete work tasks are performed using the four
basic processes of addition, division, multiplication, and subtraction.
2.5 Calculate whole fractions, percentages, and mixed when are used to
complete the instructions.
2.6 Number computed in self-checked and completed for alignment.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 5
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Learning Outcome #1 1. Perform estimation
CONTENTS:
1.1 Method of calculation
1.2 System and units of measurement
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1.1 Job requirements are identified from written or oral communication.
1.2 Quantities of materials and resources required to complete a work task are
estimated.
1.3 The time needed to complete a work activity is estimated.
1.4 Accurate estimates for work completion are made.
1.5 Estimate of materials and resources are reported to the appropriate person.
CONDITION:
1. Mathematics
1.1 Basic mathematical operations
1.2 Percentage and ratios
1.3 Unit Conversion
1.3 Basic accounting principles and procedures
1.4. Production cost
1.5 Sales
1.6 Accounts receivables/payables
2. Systems, Processes and Operations
2.1 Knowledge of different management practices and operational procedures
3 Values
3.1 Safety consciousness
3.2 Time consciousness and management
3.3 Cost consciousness
3.4 Precision
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Written exam
Practical exam
Oral questioning
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 6
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Information Sheet 3.1.1
PERFORM ESTIMATION
Learning Objectives:
After reading the information sheet, you should be able to:
LO1. Identify the inputs to be estimated, requirements and materials to be estimated.
LO 1. Perform appropriate estimation.
LO 2. Value the importance of estimation.
Introduction:
Aquaculture, like other agricultural practices, requires certain know-how and
skills for proper management and decision-making. Aquaculture is a unique field because
it crosses several disciplines including agronomy, animal science, hydrology, limnology,
engineering, economics, and aquaculture-the science of producing aquatic crops under
managed conditions. This handbook serves as a quick reference or guide to aid in
understanding and solving problems that require calculations. Aquaculture involves
problem-solving and knowing how to perform various calculations correctly. This
capability can translate into economic benefits and sound management decisions.
This unit covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to perform basic workplace
calculations. Estimation is the finding of an estimate or approximation, which even with
little data it cannot find the population parameter, uncertain or unstable.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 7
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
PERFORM ESTIMATION
I. Job Requirement
The worst error a prospective operator can make is to develop an area without
project cost estimates and a program of development. The disadvantages of this are:
waste of development money and difficulty in the area. Poor planning is the major cause
of project failure that leads to personal bankruptcy.
Constructions of aquaculture facilities involve many procedures and activities,
with specific job requirements depending on the type of aquaculture facility that will be
established. Each then has its own materials, resources, and labor requirements which is
the basis of estimating costs and time needed for its construction.
Each type of aquaculture facility has its procedures for its establishment. These
become the reference to build each type addressing the job requirements involved in the
construction. For instance, in constructing a fishpond and fish cage we have the following
procedures to follow:
Fish pond construction
1. Considering the characteristics of pond dikes
2. Compacting earthen dikes
3. Preparing the foundations of the dike
4. Calculating dike and excavation volumes
5. Constructing dug-out ponds
6. Constructing barrage ponds
7. Constructing paddy ponds
8. Constructing cut-and-fill ponds
9. Protecting dikes against erosion by rain
10. Pond-bottom drains
11. First filling of the pond
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 8
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Fish cage construction
1. Determining the shape of the cage
2. Preparation of the materials needed for cage construction
3. Constructing the frame of the cage
4. Installing the mesh or netting
5. Constructing a feeding ring
6. Installing lid to prevent fish from escaping and protecting from predators
7. Installing floatation (Styrofoam, plastic bottles. PVC pipes) for the cage
II. Bill of Materials & Cost Estimates
A. Estimating Quantity of Materials to Complete a Work Task
In order to estimate the qualities of materials and resources required to complete a work
task, there is a need to prepare a bill of materials and cost estimates. Remember that
prices of materials change depending on the locality and supply of materials.
Table1. Example of bill of materials and cost estimates in constructing a 5 m. X 1.5
X 1.0 m rectangular fish
Materials Quantity Unit Cost Total
1. Gravel 1 ELF load 1,400.00 1,400.00
2. Sand 1 ELF load 1,000.00 1,000.00
3. CHB 4” x 8” x 16 160 pcs 5.50 800.00
4. Portland cement 23 Bags 182.00 4,186.00
5. Steel bar (10 mm) 16 pcs 175.00 2,800.00
6. Sahara cement 9 Bags 30.00 270.00
7. PVC ¾” 5 pcs 100.00 500.00
8. PVC elbow ¾” 5 pcs 15.00 90.00
9. PVC 4” 6 pcs 220.00 220.00
10. PVC Solvent cement 1 pc 35.00 35.00
11. Faucet 1 small can 130.00 130.00
12. G.I, Wire # 16 1 kg. 65.00 65.00
13. Hose 5mm. 10 m. 8.00 80.00
Grand total: Php 11,576.00
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 9
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
B. Estimating Time to Complete a Work Activity
Time is a very important element to consider in a work activity. To facilitate the
completion of a certain job, a work schedule or a program of work should be prepared.
Project programming is a listing of work activities about manpower requirement
versus the volume or piece of required at a certain time of development. It is undertaken
to determine how and when a project will start and be completed within a given period
based on daily output, or by determining the number of days wherein a work will be
finished.
The program of work is the basis of the implementation of the project. Each item
should be evaluated and calculated realistically so that each job will be properly
developed and implemented economically.
Table 2. Proposed program of work for one-hectare pond
SUPPORT
ACTIVITIES NATURE OF DAILY LABOR DURATION FACILITIES
APPOINTMENT REQUIREMENTS (DAYS) AND
EQUIPMENT
1. Cleaning and Daily 5 laborer 14 Plastic hose
marking the park (1cm. dis. 50
of dikes m. long)
2. Earthwork
a. Construction of Contract labor 20 laborer 45 Digging
dikes blades,
b. Construction of Contract labor 10 laborer 20 tractor,
dikes rotavator,
c. Leveling Contract labor 5 laborer 10 bulldozer
3. Construction and Carpentry
installation of tools,
gates and pipes digging
a. Construction Daily 5 laborer 10 blades,
b. Installation Daily 5 laborer 10 solved
1. Finishing touches Daily 5 laborer 10
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 10
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Table 3. Schedule of development of one-hectare fishpond.
ACTIVITIES Months
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
1. Clearing and Making the path of
the dikes
2. Earthwork
a. Constructing the dikes
b. Constructing the canals
c. Leveling
3. Constructing gates and
Installing pipes
a. Construction
b. Installation
4. Finishing touches
The fish operator or caretaker acts as overseer of the project showed,
Plans ahead what are to be done on time.
Keeps his co-workers well-informed of the activities to be undertaken.
Follows the work plan, target and calendar of activities closely to attain its target
production.
Forms a functional working team in order to carry out the plan as schedule.
After all the job requirements are identified, quantity of materials resources and
time needed to complete a work activity are estimated. Reporting to appropriate person
for funding is necessary (le, teacher, project, leader, head teacher, principal,
entrepreneurs, and private state holders
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 11
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
SELF CHECK
I. Fill in the blank. Put your answer on the blank provided.
The worst error a prospective operator can make is to develop an area without 1.
__________________and 2. ___________________.
To estimate the qualities of materials and resources required to complete a work task,
there is a need to prepare a 3. ________________________ And 4._______________________.
Prices of materials change depending on the 5. ____________________ And 6.
_____________________ of materials.
7. _______________ is a very important element to consider in a work activity.
To facilitate completion of a certain job, 8. ____________________ or a program of work should
be prepared.
9. __________________ is a listing of work activities about worker requirement versus the
volume or piece of required at a certain time of development
The 10. _____________________ is the basis of the implementation of the project.
II. Problem-solving.
1. Estimating the quantity of materials and resources needed.
A fishpond requires construction activities. After visiting the area, the engineer was able
to list down some of the materials and resources needed. Below is a table, which contains
the list and other variables. Compute what is required in the table:
Materials Quantity Unit Cost (Php) Total (Php)
1. Gravel 2 ELVES load 1,400 ?
2. Faucet 2 pcs ? 40
3. Steel bar ? 5.00 200
4. Sahara Cement ? 35 350
5. Portland cement 20 bags 190 ?
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 12
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
ANSWER KEY
I.
1. MATERIALS
2. RESOURCE
3. BILL OF MATERIALS
4. COST ESTIMATE
5. LOCALITY
6. SUPPLY OF MATERIALS TIME
7. TIME
8. SCHEDULE
9. PROJECT PROGRAMMING
10. PROGRAMS
II.
1. 2800
2. 20
3. 40
4. 10
5. 3800
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 13
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Information sheet 3.2.1
PERFORM BASIC WORKPLACE CALCULATIONS.
Learning Outcomes:
L.O1: Calculations to be made are identified according to job requirements.
L.O2: The correct method of calculation is determined.
L.O4: Calculations needed to complete work tasks are performed using the four
basic mathematical operations.
L.05: The result obtained is reviewed and thoroughly checked
Introduction:
This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to carry out basic routine
workplace calculations. It includes carrying out required mathematical operations;
preparing basic estimates of mass, size and volume; and interpreting basic graphical
representations of mathematical information. It also includes calculations for routine
industry-related tasks using manual and electronic processes. It specifically includes the
skills and knowledge needed to estimate/calculate manual load shifting requirements.
Calculations are carried out as an integral part of routine work in the context of the
workplace concerned. Work is performed under some supervision, generally within a
team environment. Work involves the application of established mathematical principles
and techniques in day-to-day work activities.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 14
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
PERFORM WORKPLACE CALCULATION
PERFORM CALCULATION
It is essential to be able to measure and calculate surface areas. It might be
necessary to calculate, for example, the surface area of the cross-section of a canal or the
surface area of a farm.
This Section will discuss the calculation of some of the most common surface
areas: the triangle, the square, the rectangle, the rhombus, the parallelogram, the
trapezium, and the circle.
The most common surface areas
The height (h) of a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, or a trapezium, is the
distance from a top corner to the opposite side called base (b). The height is always
perpendicular to the base; in other words, the height makes a "right angle" with the base.
An example of a right angle is the corner of this page.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 15
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
In the case of a square or a rectangle, the expression length (1) is commonly used
instead of base and width (w) instead of height. In the case of a circle, the expression
diameter (d) is used.
The height (h), base (b), width (w), length (1), and diameter (d) of the most
common surface areas.
TRIANGLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a triangle is calculated by the formula:
A (triangle) = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x b x h_(1)
Triangles can have many shapes, but the same formula is used for all of them.
Some example of Triangle
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 16
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
EXAMPLE
Calculate the surface area of triangles no. 1, no. 1a, and no. 2
Given
Triangles no. 1 and no. 1a: Answer
Base = 3 cm Formula: A = 0.5 x base x height
Height = 2 cm = 0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm= 3 cm2
Triangle no. 2:
Base =3 cm
Height = 2 cm A = 0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm = 3 cm2
It can be seen that triangles no. 1, no. 1a and no. 2 have the same surface; the shapes of the
triangles are different, but the base and the height are in all three cases the same, so the surface is
the same.
The surface of these triangles is expressed in square centimeters (written as cm2). Surface areas can
also be expressed in square decimeters (dm2), square meters (m2), etc...
Calculate the surface areas of triangles nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Given Answer
Triangle no. 3:
Base =3 cm Formula: A = 0.5 x base x height
Height = 2 cm 0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm = 3 cm2
Triangle no. 4:
Base = 4 cm A = 0.5 x 4 cm x 1 cm = 2 cm2
Height = 1 cm
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 17
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Triangle no. 5:
Base = 2 cm A = 0.5 x 2 cm x 3 cm = 3 cm2
Height = 3 cm
Triangle no. 6:
Base = 4 cm A= 0.5 x 4 cm x 3 cm = 6 cm2
Height = 3 cm
SQUARES AND RECTANGLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a square or a rectangle is calculated by
The formula:
A (square or rectangle) = length x width = 1 x w... (2)
In a square, the lengths of all four sides are equal and all four angles are right angles.
In a rectangle, the lengths of the opposite sides are equal and all four angles are
right angles.
Note that in a square the length and width are equal and that in a rectangle the
length and width are not equal.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 18
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
QUESTION
Calculate the surface areas of the rectangle and of the square.
Given Answer
Square:
Length = 2 cm width= 2 cm Formula: A = length x width =
2 cm x 2 cm = 4 cm2
Rectangle:
Length = 5 cm width = 3 cm Formula: A = length x width =
5 cm x 3 cm = 15 cm2
Related to irrigation, you will often come across the expression hectare (ha), which is a
surface area unit. By definition, 1 hectare equals 10,000 m2. For example, a field with a length of 100
m and a width of 100 m2 has a surface area of 100 m x 100 m = 10 000 m2 = 1 ha.
Fig. 4 One hectare equals 10 000 m2
Surface = 100 m x 100 m = 10000 m2 = 1 ha
100m
100m
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 19
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
RHOMBUSES AND PARALLELOGRAMS
The surface area or surface (A) of a rhombus or a parallelogram is calculated by
the formula:
PARALLELOGRAM
A (rhombus or parallelogram) = base x
height = bx h... (3)
HEIGHT
In a rhombus the lengths of all four sides are
equal; none of the angles are right angles; opposite
sides run parallel.
BASE
RHOMBUS
In a parallelogram the lengths of the opposite sides
are equal; none of the angles are right angles; opposite sides
run parallel.
AHOMALIS HEIGHT
Calculate the surface areas of the rhombus and the
parallelogram
BASE
Calculate the surface areas of the rhombus and the parallelograms.
Given Answer
Rhombus:
base = 3 cm height=2 cm Formula: A base x height
3 cm x 2 cm = 6 cm2
Parallelogram:
base = 3.5 cm height = 3 cm Formula: Abase x height
3.5 cm x 3 cm = 10.5cm2
1.1.4 TRAPEZIUMS
The surface area or surface (A) of a trapezium is calculated by the formula:
A (trapezium) = 0.5 (base top) x height=0.5 (b + a) xh... (4) The top (a) is the side
opposite and parallel to the base (b). In a trapezium only the base and the top
run parallel.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 20
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Some examples are shown below some examples of trapeziums
EXAMPLE
Calculate the surface area of trapezium no 1.
Given Answer
Trapezium no 1. Base = 4 cm Formula A = 0.5 x (base x top) = height
Top = 2 cm = 0.5 x (4 cm + 2 cm) x 2 cm
Height = 2 cm = 0.5 x 6 cm x 2 cm = 6 cm2
Question
Calculate the surface area trapezium no 2, 3, and 4.
Given Answer
Trapezium no. 2:
base = 5 cm Formula: A = 0.5 x (base + top) x height
top = 1 cm = 0.5(5cm + 1cm) x 2cm
height = 2 cm = 0.5 x 6cm x 2cm = 6cm x 2
Trapezium no. 3:
base = 3 cm A = 0.5(3cm + 1cm) x 2cm
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 21
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
top = 1 cm = 0.5 x 4cm x 2cm = 4cm x 2
height=1 cm
Trapezium no. 4:
base = 2 cm A = 0.5(2cm + 4cm) x 2cm
top = 4cm = 0.5 x 6cm x 2cm = 6cm x 2
height = 2 cm
Note that the surface areas of the trapeziums 1 and 4 are equal. Number 4 is the same as
number 1 but upside down.
Another method to calculate the surface area of a trapezium is to divide the
trapezium into a rectangle and two triangles, to measure their sides and to determine
separately the surface areas of the rectangle and the two triangles. Splitting a trapezium
into one rectangle and two triangles.
Splitting a trapezium into one rectangle and two triangles. Note that A = A
1+A2+A3=1+6+2=9 cm2
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 22
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
1.1.5 CIRCLES
The surface area or surface (A) of a circle is calculated by the formula: A (circle) =
1/4 (xdxd) = 1/4 (xd2) = 1/4 (3.14 x d2).... (5) whereby d is the diameter of the circle
and (a Greek letter, pronounced Pi) a constant (= 3.14). A diameter (d) is a straight line
which divides the circle in two equal parts.
A circle
EXAMPLE
Given Answer
Circle: d = 4.5cm Formula: A = 1/4 x (9d ^ 2) = 1/4 x
(3.14xdd) = 1/4 x (3.14 x 4.5cm x
4.5cm) = 15.9cm x 2
QUESTION
Calculate the surface area of a circle with a diameter of 3 m.
Given Answer
Circle: d = 3m Formula: A = 1/4 x (9d ^ 2) = 1/4 x
(3.14xdd) = 1/4 x (3.14 x 3m x 3m) =
7.07 m2
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 23
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
METRIC CONVERSIONS
Units of length
The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter (m). One meter
can be divided into 10 decimeters (dm), 100 centimeters (cm) or 1000
millimeters (mm); 100 m equals to 1 hectometer (hm); while 1000 m is 1.
1mZ = 100 x dm x 2 = 10 x 0cmZ =1 000 000 mm 2
0.01m x 2 = 1 x dm x 2 = 100cm x 2 = 10 x 0mm x 2
lambda x 0.0001m x 2 = 0.01 x dm x 2 = 1cm x 2 = 100mm x 2
0.000001m x 2 = 0.0001 1m x 2 = 0.01cm x 2 = 1mm x 2
1km x 2 = 100ha x 2 =1 000 000 m2
0.01km x 2 = 1ha x 2 = 10 x 0m x 2
0.000001 x 0.00001km x 2 = 0.0001 ha x 2 =1 m2
NOTE:
1fta = 100m x 100m = 10 x 0m x 2
SURFACE AREAS OF CANAL CROSS-SECTIONS AND FARMS
This section explains how to apply the surface area formulas to two common
practical problems that will often be met in the field.
OF THE SURFACE AREAS OF CANAL CROSS-SECTIONS
The most common shape of a canal cross-section is a trapezium or, more truly, an
"up-sidedown" trapezium.
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 24
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
Canal crosssection
The area (ABCD), hatched on the above drawing, is called the canal cross-section
and has a trapezium shape. Thus, the formula to calculate its surface is similar to the
formula used to calculate the surface area of a trapezium:
Surface area of the canal cross-section = 0.5 (base + top line) x canal depth = 0.5 (b+a)
xh (6)
whereby:
base (b) bottom width of the canal
top line (a)=top width of the canal
canal depth (h) = height of the canal (from the bottom of the canal to the top of the
embankment)
Suppose that the canal contains water, as shown in the Figure below.
Wetted cross-section of a canal
The area (ABCD), hatched on the above drawing, is called the wetted canal cross-
section or wetted cross-section. It also has a trapezium shape and the formula to
calculate its surface area is:
Surface area of the wetted canal cross-section = 0.5 (base + top line) x water depth=0.5
(b+al) x h1 (7)
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 25
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
whereby:
base (b) bottom width of the canal
top line (a1)=top width of the water level
water depth (h1) = the height or depth of the water in the canal (from the bottom of the
canal to the water level).
EXAMPLE
Calculate the surface area of the cross-section and the wetted cross-section, of
the canal shown in the next figure.
Dimensions of the cross-section
Canal cross-section:
Given Answer
Base (b) = 1.25 m Formula A = 0.5 x (b + a) x h
Top line (a) = 3.75 m =0.5 x (1.25m + 3.75m)x 1.25m
Canal depth (h) = 1.25 m = 3.123 m2
Canal wetted cross-section:
Base (b) = 1.25m Formula: A =0.5x(b+a1)x b
Top line (a1) = 3.25 m = 0.5 x (1.25m+ 3.25m) x 1.00m
Water depth (h1) = 1.00m =2.25m2
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 26
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE AREA OF A FARM
It may be necessary to determine the surface area of a farmer's field. For
example, when calculating how much irrigation water should be given to a certain field,
the size of the field must be known.
When the shape of the field is regular and has, for example, a rectangular shape,
it should not be too difficult to calculate the surface area once the length of the field
(that is the base of its regular shape) and the width of the field have been measured.
Field of regular shape
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 27
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
SELF CHECK
Test I. ENUMERATE
Enumerate at least (5) common surfaces areas.
Test II. TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write true if the statement is correct and false if the statement is wrong.
_______1. The surface area or surface (A) of a triangle is calculated by the formula.
_______2. A triangle can have many shapes but the same formula is used for all of them.
_______3. Calculate the surface area of squares no. 1, no la, and no 2
_______4. The shape of the triangle is different, but the base and the height are in all three
cases.
_______5. The surface of the rectangle is expressed in square centimeters.
_______6. If the square the length and width are not equal and that in a rectangle is the
length.
_______7. In a rhombus the length of all 5 sides is equal; none of the angles are right
angles.
_______8. In a parallelogram the lengths of the opposite sides are equal.
_______9. Another method to calculate the surface area of a trapezium is to divide the
trapezium into a rectangle.
_______10. The basic unit of area in the metric system is the square meter.
Test III.
Calculate the surface areas of triangles nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6. (5 points)
Given
Triangle no. 3: base =3 cm base = 2 cm
Triangle no. 4: height = 2 cm height = 3 cm
Triangle no. 5: base = 4 cm base = 4 cm
Triangle no. 6: height = 1 cm height = 3 cm
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 28
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
ANSWER KEY
Test I.
Enumerate at least (5) common surfaces areas
Trapezoid
Parallelogram
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Test II.
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. True
Test III.
Answer
Formula: A = 0.5 x base x height
0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm = 3 cm2
A = 0.5 x 4 cm x 1 cm = 2 cm2
A=0.5 x 2 cm x 3 cm = 3 cm2
A = 0.5 x 4 cm x 3 cm = 6 cm2
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 29
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester
REFERENCE
http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/triangle.html
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-23.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7rJ8uIThO4
https://www.fao.org
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-23.html9Q
Date Developed: Document No.
Planning
Training Session MARCH 2025 Issued by:
SLSU Lucena Campus Page | 30
AQUACULTURE NC II Developed by:
Alegre, Iven Lowell A. Revision No.
Ricablanca, Lester