$RN8N6X4
$RN8N6X4
1. The position and role of the distribution network in the entire power grid ..........................1
2. HEXING distribution network voltage level .......................................................................................3
3. Introduction to the main lines and equipment of the distribution network ..........................4
3.1Composition of overhead lines........................................................................................................4
3.2 Composition of cable lines ..............................................................................................................5
3.3 Power station ........................................................................................................................................7
3.4 Smart power distribution room solution .................................................................................. 10
3.5 Pole installation................................................................................................................................. 13
3.6 New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Project .......................................................... 16
4. Nanjing HEXING self-produced equipment ....................................................................................... 18
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1. The position and role of the distribution network in the entire power grid
In the power system, there are usually five main processes: power generation, transmission,
substation, distribution and power consumption.
Generation: Power generation refers to the process of converting various energy sources
(such as coal, natural gas, hydropower, wind power, solar energy, etc.) into electrical energy.
Power plants generate electricity by burning fuel or using the energy of natural resources.
Distribution: Distribution refers to the process of delivering the electric energy after voltage
reduction through the substation to each user's home through the ground or underground
distribution lines. This process usually involves cables, poles, distribution boxes and other
equipment to ensure that the electric energy can be delivered to each user safely and stably.
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Step-up substation
Overhead lines
The distribution network is the part responsible for power distribution in the entire power
system. It connects the substation and every socket in the user's home. It ensures that
electricity can be smoothly transmitted from the substation to the user's home, allowing us
to conveniently use electrical appliances, such as lights, TVs, refrigerators, etc. It is like the last
mile of the power system, playing an important role in connecting and distributing electricity.
Common high-voltage distribution networks are 35~66kV, medium-voltage distribution
networks are 10~20kV, and low-voltage distribution networks are 220~380V. The voltage
level of distribution network products mainly produced by HEXING Distribution Network is
10kv-35kv, with a maximum of 40.5kv.
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2. HEXING distribution network voltage level
15.5kV:
Can replace 10kV, 13.2kV, 13.8kV products, such as 13.8kV switchgear, disconnectors, etc.
15.5kV products are similar in design to low-voltage products, but may have higher insulation
levels and rated currents to meet specific power requirements.
24, 27kV:
Can replace 17.5kv, 22kV and 24kV products. High-voltage products generally have higher
rated voltages and rated currents, and are suitable for medium-sized industrial and
commercial distribution systems, providing greater transmission capacity and stability.
38kV, 40.5kV:
Can replace 33kV, 34.5kV, 35kV products. This product is usually used in the power
distribution system of large industrial areas or cities. It has higher power transmission capacity
and higher safety performance, can meet the needs of large-scale power consumption, and
is especially suitable for power supply of high-power equipment.
When choosing to use these high-voltage products, it is necessary to consider the situation
of the existing power grid, power demand, equipment compatibility and cost factors to ensure
that the alternative products can operate safely, stably and economically.
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3. Introduction to the main lines and equipment of the distribution network
In the power grid, the power lines from the power plant are considered as transmission lines
in a broad sense. According to the voltage level, the lines of 35kV and below are usually called
distribution lines, which are mainly responsible for the distribution of electric energy.
The lines are divided into overhead lines and cable lines. Overhead lines are the most
common, consisting of conspicuous poles and wires suspended in the air, exposed to the air.
Cable lines are buried underground or underwater. At present, the cableization rate of urban
lines is getting higher and higher. There are more cable lines than overhead lines around the
city, but because they are buried underground, no one feels it.
Its installation and maintenance are relatively convenient and the cost is low, but it is easily
affected by the weather and environment (such as strong winds, lightning strikes, dirt, ice and
snow, etc.) and causes failures. At the same time, the entire transmission corridor occupies a
large area of land, which is easy to cause electromagnetic interference to the surrounding
environment.
The most intuitive understanding of overhead lines is: poles and towers + conductors. Both
can be divided into many parts, including conductors, poles and towers, insulators, crossarms,
hardware, guy wires and foundations, etc. See the figure below: Overhead lines are only for
transmission, with a relatively single function, and because of the harsh outdoor environment,
the simpler and more reliable the structure, the better.
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Overhead
lines
Disconnecti
ng switch
Circuit
breaker
Lightning
arrester
insulator
Cable end
Feeder
terminal
Buried cable
Telegraph pole
Cable lines are highly safe, occupy less space, are rarely affected by weather, and have a low
failure rate. The disadvantages are high cost, troublesome maintenance, the trench will
occupy the underground ecosystem, and it is difficult to carry high-voltage lines due to heat
dissipation.
Like overhead lines, cable lines are mainly used to transmit and distribute electric energy.
Compared with overhead lines, cable lines have the following advantages: they are not easily
affected by the surrounding environment and pollution, and have high power transmission
reliability.
The insulation distance between lines is small, the space is small, and there is no interference
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with radio waves. When laid underground, it does not occupy the ground and space, which
is safe and reliable, and not easy to expose the target.
The disadvantages are: high cost and large one-time investment costs. Cable lines are not
easy to change and branch. Cable fault detection and maintenance are difficult, and require
personnel with high professional and technical levels to operate.
In places with dense urban populations, or in some special occasions, when poles and wires
are not allowed to be erected for safety reasons and due to the limitations of the ground
location, cable lines need to be laid to solve the problem, which is also the main function of
cable lines.
The civil construction facilities where the cables are located, such as trenches and shafts, must
be dug manually. Therefore, when we talk about cable lines, we divide them into three
categories: cable lines, pipe network civil construction, and auxiliary devices.
Cable lines: power lines consisting of power cables, terminal heads, and intermediate joints.
Pipe network civil construction: underground facilities that accommodate cable lines, such as
cable trenches, cable pipes, and cable tunnels.
Ancillary devices: in addition to the above cable line ancillary facilities and intelligent facilities.
Buried cables enter underground from overhead lines or switch cabinets. There are generally
several construction methods, such as direct burial, pipe laying, and cable trench (well). The
main materials are buried cables. The direct burial method must use armored cables, and the
other materials are bricks, precast concrete panels, CPVC/MPP pipes, etc. The excavation work
is large and the cost is high.
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3.3 Power station
From a more intuitive perspective, it can be said that the station building and the line are the
backbone nodes and blood vessels of the power grid. The power station building is where
key power equipment such as transformers, switches, cables and accessories are placed.
According to different functions, it can be divided into substations, distribution stations,
switchgear stations, etc.
Among them, the substation is at the initial end of the power grid. To transmit the power
generated by the power plant to a distant place, the voltage must be increased and converted
into high voltage electricity, and then the voltage is reduced as needed near the user.
The distribution station building is at the end of the power grid. Its task is to send electricity
to the power equipment or user's station, including switchgear stations, ring network stations,
distribution rooms, box-type substations, etc. Here we mainly introduce the second type.
The urban power load density is high, requiring high power reliability, rapid fault location and
removal, and at the same time, there are high requirements for power safety and urban
beautification. Therefore, the ring network power supply structure composed of ring network
cabinets (boxes), cable branch boxes, box-type substations and other facilities is widely
promoted in cities, and equipped with station terminals with protection monitoring and
information upload functions.
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Station terminal
Cable branch
Rain main unit box
European box
transformer
Buried Cable
American box
transformer
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Distribution Low voltage ac
transformer cabinet
Station High-voltage
terminal cabinet
Compensating Dc panel
tank (optional)
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3.4 Smart power distribution room solution
The traditional power distribution management mode has low management efficiency. It is
mainly based on manual inspection and manual statistics. It is lagging and prone to omissions,
making it difficult to conduct a systematic analysis of power consumption patterns. There is a
lot of electricity waste, but at the same time there is no data, so it is difficult to effectively
drive the implementation of energy-saving management. Power distribution operation and
maintenance is difficult, and it is difficult to find enough experienced operation and
maintenance personnel. Even if they are found, the cost is very high. Traditional equipment
has a low degree of intelligence, and cannot be remotely inspected and controlled, and
cannot complete real-time data collection, analysis, and monitoring.
The smart power distribution solution relies on the intelligent operation and maintenance
system of the distribution room, based on real-time monitoring data, visualization as a means,
and intelligent functions as a support. It uses intelligent data analysis technology to monitor
the operating status of the distribution room in real time, and combines offline inspections,
emergency repairs and other work to jointly ensure the safe operation of the distribution
room, improve operation and maintenance efficiency, and reduce operation and maintenance
costs. It can realize the unmanned and less-staffed operation and maintenance mode of the
distribution room.
Example:
Business introduction: Provide one-stop solutions, construction, and operation and
maintenance services to help customers build and renovate smart distribution rooms.
Energy efficiency management construction: Based on energy efficiency big data, periodic
analysis reports on relevant power consumption information such as power consumption,
load changes, and three-phase unbalanced transformer losses are provided. Dynamic analysis
of the energy efficiency of the project as a whole and key power circuits and energy-
consuming equipment.
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Business architecture
The intelligent power distribution business consists of three parts: intelligent distribution room
(including new construction, upgrades and renovations), intelligent operation and
maintenance platform, and operation and maintenance services. The intelligent power
distribution room realizes all-round monitoring, alarm and data collection of key power
distribution equipment, power distribution room environment and video based on sensors,
Internet of Things and other technologies, and realizes real-time abnormal perception,
remote inspection and monitoring, and automatic data collection.
The intelligent operation and maintenance platform is the core of intelligent power
distribution, supporting data collection, storage, processing, analysis and alarm. On this basis,
it can realize comprehensive operation and maintenance management services that combine
centralized operation and maintenance of the operation and maintenance center, regular on-
site inspections, and concentrated surprise attacks by major abnormal expert teams.
Power site
Distribution
Industrial room
park
Distribution
instrument
Commercial
hygro meter
building
graph
Environmental
college
equipment
Data
camera
Residential
district
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Operation and maintenance
Platform
Intelligent power distribution system can greatly reduce the management cost of enterprises,
and at the same time provide data support for energy conservation and emission reduction.
It has been applied in many factories and buildings.
Application Case
Customer Name: A certain automobile parts factory
Customer demand: 10KV substation intelligent transformation + operation and maintenance
Solution: Build an intelligent monitoring system for power distribution, integrating power
monitoring, equipment monitoring, safety protection information monitoring, etc., with
database management platform and Internet of Things, cloud computing platform as the core,
to achieve remote monitoring, human-machine collaboration, real-time alarm, reporting
system, power distribution big data and other functions.
Customer Value:
More secure
Monitoring: 724-hour online monitoring and
Inspection: Regular on-site inspection
Warning: Early warning of equipment failure, early detection of safety hazards
More economical
Man-saving: unmanned duty, less staff on duty, centralized monitoring
Energy saving: energy consumption data is in full view, providing a reliable basis for energy-
saving decision-making
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More professional
System: professional equipment + system with real-time monitoring and alarm, intelligent
work
Experience: professional operation and maintenance team with rich experience, regular
inspection, standardized work
AI recognition algorithm
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Overhead
lines
insulator
Drop out
fuse
Lightning
arrester
Distribution
transformer
Integrated
distribution box
Low-voltage power lines basically only include cables, poles, support insulators, hardware,
low-voltage circuit breakers (fuses), metering equipment, etc.; some occasions such as
factories, mines or large shopping malls will use low-voltage drawable switch cabinets, low-
voltage AC distribution cabinets, and power cabinets.
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Wire clamp and
other fittings
Post insulator
Low pressure
overhead line
Dosing box
Low voltage
switchgear
Ac switchboard
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3.6 New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Project
Generally, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems mainly adopt the "self-
generation and self-use, surplus power to the grid" mode. The electricity generated by solar
cells is given priority to the load. When the load cannot use up the electricity, the excess
electricity is sent to the grid. When the power supply to the load is insufficient, the grid and
the photovoltaic system can supply power to the load at the same time.
Inver Transf
ter ormer
PV Grid
Bidirec
Meter point
tional Grid
meter
Load
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This solution is suitable for 400KW-6MW grid-connected photovoltaic power generation
systems. It uses string inverters and low-voltage distribution cabinets to transmit electricity to
users and low-voltage power grids, and then uses 10KV new energy box transformers to
boost the voltage and supply power to the high-voltage power grid. Then it is transmitted to
the 10kV booster station by 10kV cable lines to achieve power generation and grid connection.
The main products of the distribution network division are low-voltage distribution cabinets,
box transformers and other products located in the red box.
This solution is suitable for large-scale ground-based photovoltaic power generation systems.
The selected centralized inverter is to connect multiple parallel photovoltaic strings to the
inverter DC input terminal after converging, and centrally convert DC power into AC power.
Then use the 10/35KV new energy box transformer to boost the voltage, and finally transmit
the collected AC power to the high-voltage power grid through the high-voltage grid
cabinet/prefabricated cabin.
The main products of the distribution network division are the combiner box, DC cabinet,
high-voltage grid cabinet, box transformer and other products located in the red box.
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4. Nanjing HEXING self-produced equipment
The HXD820 series single-phase circuit breaker recloser can be directly mounted on the fuse
insulator as a branch current protection device, replacing the fuse.
In the event of a short circuit fault, whether it is a phase-to-phase fault or a phase-to-ground
fault, the HXD820 will automatically trip and reclose according to the customer configuration.
In this way, if the network encounters a transient fault event, the power supply can be easily
restored within seconds. Improve power supply reliability while greatly reducing maintenance
work.
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HXD822 series communication gateway is the medium for single-phase reclosing and master
station communication, suitable for overhead (13.8kV-34.5kV) three-phase lines or single-
phase lines of distribution network, supporting single-phase reclosing. It is used for downlink
communication with single-phase reclosing, uplink communication with master station, and
can be operated locally.
Control unit
The HXD811 control unit is mainly
designed for 15kV, 27kV and 38kV
reclosers produced by HEXING
Electric, and is also compatible with
reclosers from other manufacturers
with matching interfaces. It has the
functions of medium and low
voltage power line voltage/current
measurement, protection, control,
communication, status monitoring
and recording.
The HXD811 control unit is used for signal acquisition and fault protection of power
distribution lines. When a short circuit or ground fault occurs in the line, it can detect and
identify the fault type and perform protection actions according to the protection principle
set by the user, such as alarm, tripping, reclosing, etc., or report to the master station, which
gives operation commands according to different protection principles.
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HXV8-12 type primary and secondary deep fusion pillar type circuit breaker
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Standardized electromagnetic/deeply integrated electronic automated
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Distribution Automation Station Terminal (DTU)
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HXGNS-17.5 Outdoor Ring Main Unit
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HXD811-F30 LBS load break switch
This product is a complete set of three-phase load switch products installed on overhead
lines and poles. It cooperates with the recloser in the user's distribution network automation
to control the opening and closing of the feeder.
The complete set of 15.5kV three-phase load switch equipment consists of vacuum load
switch, controller and power supply PT.
The HXD811-F30 control device is mainly designed for the 15.5kV load switch produced by
HEXING. It is suitable for overhead lines of 13.8kV and below distribution networks and is
installed on poles.
The HXD811-F30 control device can realize the opening and closing control and monitoring
of the line, and can also cooperate with the master station to complete the distribution
network automation fault isolation and other functions. However, it generally does not have
the line protection function and does not have the reclosing function.
The main purpose is to create a complete set of pole-mounted switches with cost advantages
and simpler functions than reclosing devices.
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It is suitable for power distribution in small secondary distribution stations, residential areas,
enterprises, railways and other power distribution occasions.
enclosed switchgear
HXGNA-12/630-20 environmentally friendly gas-insulated
metal AC enclosed switchgear (hereinafter referred to as ring
main unit) is a new generation of distribution switchgear
developed by Nanjing HEXING for the country to achieve the
"dual carbon" goal. Its technical characteristics are that
artificial synthetic dry air is used instead of SF6 gas as the
insulating medium. The vacuum switch opens and closes the
load current and fault current. The equipment is arranged as
a three-position switch with conduction, isolation and
grounding function conversion designed at the upper end of
the vacuum switch. The pre-voltage grounding short-circuit
current of the line is closed by the vacuum switch in the loop,
which can effectively avoid the arc pollution to the
environment inside the cabinet during the closing process.
The overall dimensions, operation sequence and "five-
protection" interlocking of the ring main unit meet the
requirements of the State Grid's typical design plan.
Dry air as the insulating medium of gas-insulated ring main
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units has the following characteristics: In terms of environmental performance, dry air will not
have any impact on the environment at any stage of the product life cycle; in terms of
economy, customers do not have to make any investment in gas recovery after the end of
the product life cycle, and ventilation equipment is not required at the equipment installation
site; in terms of product reliability, dry air has the characteristics of low partial discharge risk
and long service life.
This product is particularly suitable for receiving and distributing electric energy in power
systems such as small secondary distribution stations, switchgear, industrial and mining
enterprises, urban residential areas, airports, railways, tunnels, high -rise buildings, etc. ,
greatly improving the reliability and utilization of power supply.
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world-class CNC processing equipment to develop and manufacture a new generation of
medium-voltage switch cabinets. The switchgear has passed Rigorous internal arc fault test
and other type tests. KYN28-12 switchgear has outstanding features such as advanced
technology, stable performance, reasonable structural design, convenient operation and
maintenance , safety and reliability. It is the best equipment for receiving and distributing
electric energy, detecting and protecting the power grid. It is suitable for three-phase AC
power systems with rated voltage 12kV and rated frequency 50Hz . It is used to receive and
distribute electric energy and control, protect and monitor circuits.
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updated product of low-voltage complete switchgear.
GGD AC low voltage distribution cabinet is suitable for power plants, substations, factories
and mines and other power users' AC 50HZ, rated working voltage 380V and rated working
current 3150A distribution system, used for power conversion , distribution and control of
power, lighting and distribution equipment .
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JP low voltage integrated distribution box
The integrated power distribution box is a new
integrated control box that integrates power
distribution, metering, protection, control, and
reactive power compensation. Its main
performance is: timely and rapid response, good
compensation effect, reliable operation, and
leakage protection device can be added
according to user needs. Protection functions:
overvoltage, overload, undervoltage,
undercurrent, short circuit, phase loss, zero
sequence overlimit, etc. Automatic operation
function: power failure exit, automatic recovery after 10s delay after power supply, which can
improve the power factor of the power grid to above 0.95.
Installed on the pole of outdoor pole-mounted transformer, it is a new generation of ideal
distribution box for urban and rural power grid transformation.
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Smart Photovoltaic AC Combiner Box
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Smart photovoltaic grid-connected cabinet
YB(H)-10.5/0.27kV~0.8kV European
(Chinese) high-voltage/low-voltage
prefabricated substation is a product
specially designed and developed by
our company for the photovoltaic
power generation field. The
photovoltaic inverter outlet voltage is
usually 0.27~0.8kV, which is boosted
to 10kV by the prefabricated
substation and then transmitted to the 10kV booster station by the 10kV cable line to achieve
power generation and grid connection.
This series of prefabricated substations is a complete set of substation products that combines
step-up transformers, high-voltage complete switchgear, low-voltage complete switchgear,
auxiliary power transformers, UPS, and automatic monitoring systems through scientific
structural design and reasonable combination of boxes. The box-type transformer has its own
intelligent power distribution monitoring function. Through the communication interface,
WIFI or GPRS module, it can remotely control the opening and closing of the switch , view the
equipment operation status and real-time voltage, current, active power, reactive power,
power factor, power consumption and other data; the product has passed the type test of the
National Electrical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and the product
performance fully meets the requirements of photovoltaic power plants and wind farms.
Among them, the Chinese type is also called the compact type. The transformer is mostly oil-
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immersed, exposed to the outside, and closely combined with the high-voltage chamber and
the low-voltage chamber; it has the advantages of small size, light weight, and easy
installation.
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