Detection of Exoplanets via transit photometry method for data reference.

Kittituch Suratanachaiboonlert1, Nathan Changchit1, Pathit Techataweekul1

, Vichien Donram, M.SC.2 and Supachai Awiphan, Ph.D.3

1
Student grade11, Science-Mathematic intensive program, Princess Chulabhorn Science
Highschool Chonburi, No.695, Nongchak, Banbuang, Chonburi, Thailand, Postcode 20170.
2
Teacher, Department of Computer and Technology, Princess Chulabhorn Science
Highschool Chonburi, No.695, Nongchak, Banbuang, Chonburi, Thailand, Postcode 20170.
3
Researcher, Exoplanet and exomoon, The National Astronomical Research Institute of
Thailand, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiangmai, Thailand, Postcode 50180.
Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract
This research project aims to study and explore exoplanets and is intended to be used
as a database to contribute to the relevant project soon. One of the methods is the transit
photometry method, which involves measuring drops in starlight caused by the planet whose
orbits are passed between their stars and the telescope, with the Process of image processing
using the observation data from Australia and the USA to result of a line of the graph with the
trend with four distinct points in the graph for accurate reality explanation. The value
obtained from the chart is calculated through formulas and then compared to the actual value
in reference. Therefore, we have contacted NARIT and relevant network organizations to
collaborate, thus concluding that we use the Transit Photometry Method. We can separate this
work into three parts. The first is to gather TOIs data from TESS (Transiting Exoplanet
Survey Satellite), which belongs to Swarthmore College for observation preparation. The
second is to observe a ground-based remote sensing robotic telescope through NARIT's
website. The third is to Process and analyze sets of TOIs images in AstroImageJ to process
the confirmation planet status.

Our research project found that in the span of 50 times of observation, the signal was at TOI
3288.01 at the transition period of 1.43 days area Sagittarius. Moreover, we observed that the
signal reduced its brightness by 2.65 %, which the size is estimated to be around 1.09 times
Jupiter in radius. This celestial object can be an exoplanet, and now we carry out the method
to define TOI 3288.01 as the exoplanet.

Keywords: Exoplanet, Transit Method, Remote Sensing Robotic Telescope, AstroImageJ

Introduction
For generations, humanity has studied celestial objects until the end of the 20th
century. Exoplanetology is one of the astronomy branches that has received much attention.
As of October 26, 2021, 4,680 exoplanets have been discovered (Exoplanet. EU, 2021). In
general, we find over the past 25 years, the rate of discovery has increased by approximately
11 exoplanets per year. However, in 2014 and 2016, with the Kepler and K2 exploration
missions, the number of exoplanets dramatically skyrocketed (NASA, 2020). Nowadays,
satellites are sent to search for new exoplanets, such as TESS, which searches for exoplanets
by using the Transit Photometry Method within a vicinity of 200 light-years around the earth
(NASA, 2021). The data is released as a database for astronomers to search for exoplanets
with ground-based telescopes. Nearly 20,000 targets were detected by telescope during 2016
and 2020 in which, more than the previous years, the preliminary data represents an excellent
development in exoplanetology. In the future, it has been predicted that there will be a more
significant number of discoveries and studies on it, which in the next few years will be sent by
NASA Roman space telescope, and ESA will also send Euclid into space for additional
exoplanets searching (NARIT, 2021).
The intensive studies of exoplanets have emerged recently, though; there are various
methods in finding exoplanets. One of them is called transit photometry. The method used to
detect the fluctuated light emitted from the target of inspection is the process of exoplanet
detection via the fluctuation of flux. Initially, the instance of this occurring is that the
exoplanet motion overlapped the host star of theirs, which requires the information of host
star flux because of the miniature size of the exoplanets, making the observation complicated.
In this way, if there were an astrophotography observation of an exoplanet in this instance, we
call it "imaging direct." However, every observation is not necessarily needed to exhibit the
same result. As in the case of detecting the declining flux value presumably not from
exoplanets but other factors such as stars or white dwarfs Etc. We can analyze from the
concave characteristic of the graph from the overlapped movement of host stars and objects,
observing from both the starting and finishing point of the graph.

However, the graph line does not fluctuate if it excludes the planet's minuscule
reflection. With this in mind, the object placement is not in front nor overlaps with the host
star, thus not replacing the area of luminosity as in formula 1. However, when the object
moves to contact the surface of the host star at this point, we call "first contact," which is the
initial point of graph downtrend (outer contact). The graph trend will then start to stabilize
this point we call it "second contact" this is when the object movement overlaps with the
whole host star in our perspective (inner contact); likewise, the "third contact" occurs when
the graph starts to uptrend back to the initial state of starting trend (outer contact) which occur
according to picture. The last point is "fourth contact," when the graph stabilizes in a steady
line. All of this is illustrated in figure 1. Occasionally we could infer the trendline from the
second and third contact from the simplified calculation. In reality, we must calculate the
value called limb darkening, which is when the flux value starts to decline when the distance
from the center point increases steadily. The cause is the decline in density surface area and a
decrease in temperature from the center to the surface. From the relation of a flux-time graph,
we can infer the time of transit occurring, which is per simple harmonic formula as the
formula 2. when the time is known, a mass calculation is achievable from Kepler's law. Only
with the information of period and the distance of the target of inspection from the center
point, the mass of the inspected target cannot be calculated because the observation system
does not consist solely of satellites like the multi-planet system.
 Nevertheless, we can calculate mass from radial velocity, although most observation
of this category receives the information via signal emitted from space telescopes such as

TESS, Kepler, and K2. These observations are mandatory to repeat the observation on the
ground for further precision and accuracy. About exoplanet exploration mission in span 2009
to 2018 from 530,000 surveyed stars in Cygnus constellation found that there are 2,600
exoplanets in total that is 0.5% from the total even though the method used is the most
effective one of all the cause is from the relative perspective of the planet from each system
has the different inclination of orbit making it unable to observe all the exoplanet as in
formula 3. This factor is one of the exoplanet observation limitations considering that the
astronomer once said that "it takes him two and a half years to find exoplanet" - Supachai
Awiphan.

Figure 1. Transit Graph model

( )
2
R planet
depth=
R host star

Formula 1. Depth Calculation

d=asin ⁡(ωt −ω T c )

Formula 2. Simple Harmonic Solution

i=cos−1 ( ba )
Formula 3. Inclination of Angle Calculation

Astronomers must research to recognize the component that is a factor in the

habitability of life on the planet. Anywise, with current technology, it’s still far from ready for
humans to get to an exoplanet. This is the initial preparation for the future of astronomy with
the cooperation of those who are interested in astronomy and intend to push forward. This
idea is an inspiration that drives this project forward.

Materials and methods

Experiment Preparation
Space Telescope (TESS)
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a space telescope
for NASA's Explorers program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method,
and it will reserve the signals in the name of TOI. It is observed at an angular size of 96
degrees to detect objects within 200 light-years. There are a total of 4 cameras arranged in a
row, with a total FOV of 24x96 (each 24x24, 105 mm of the pupil), which contains 4 CCDs
(2048x2048) in one camera, which is 21" per pixel. A total of 7 special composite lenses has a
focal ratio of f/1.4. The wavelength range can be obtained in the range of 600 nm to 1000 nm;
therefore, the observer can use the appropriate V, R, and I filter. For one shot, the cameras
will be exposed for 2 seconds, which can detect approximately 200 stars per image. The data
will be sent back to the earth when it orbits back to the perigee every 27 days.

Planet Candidate (TOIs)

Enters Swarthmore College database to select TOIs and specify the
observatory location (Springbrook (SBO) from Australia (31° 16' 55.128'' S, 149° 4' 56.4276''
E) Sierra remote (SRO) and United States (37° 04' 13" N, 119° 24' 47" W)) and start
searching the targets from the beginning to the end of the cycle which the selected object is
classified as a planet candidate with a master priority of 1-3. If the object is aligned with the
moon or if one of the three mid-value is red, the observation that day will be unavailable.
Furthermore, take the data from the database to create a table for booking a queue to use the
ground-robotic telescope.

Figure 2. Swarthmore Database for common data of TOIs (Home Page)

 Figure 3. Swarthmore Database for common data of TOIs

Robotic Telescope
Liaise with NARIT and the network for ground-based remote sensing robotic
telescope applications. Using the code to verify the organization's website.
(www.trt.narit.or.th) Choose to reserve a queue in each cycle to use the telescope by adding
observations. Next, there is a choice of observation (SBO, SRO) for observing. In the case of
SBO, the bin size is 2 to add CCD to each other and add approximately 30 minutes of
observing time before and after observing to increase the visibility of the transit more clearly.
The telescope exposure times depend on our main target brightness, which can be viewed
from the database, which should not exceed 120 seconds to prevent overheating, and the filter
can be selected based on the database.

Figure 4. Ground-based Robotic Telescope

 Figure 5. Organization’s website for queuing to use the robotic telescope

Figure 6. Observation Data (First Page)

Figure 7. Observation Data (Second Page)

Observation Images
All images can be obtained from the corporate website or through the user's
mail. Another component, MBIAS MFLAT MDARK, is for solving the problems of
telescopes that can distort the data of the image—closing the aperture results in an image
consisting of different frequencies and using it to erase distortion caused by external
frequency. Another way is to download the images on the day that were taken using the same
CCD on the website of that day.

Figure 8. First image (SRO)

Figure 9. Calendar for downloading MBIAS, MFLAT and MDARK

AstroImageJ
DP Converter
Import the prepared images for calibration to indicate their position fill the
observatory coordination and the planet candidate name. Insert the images only If there is
MBIAS MDARK or MFLAT image type. Then import the calibrated file for processing.
 Figure 10. DP Converter

Figure 11. CCD Data Processor

Figure 12. DP Coordinate Converter

Plot Seeing Profile

Press the object to analyze and plot seeing Profile to decrease the brightness
from the background. Then press saves the aperture to be used to detect the target's
brightness.
 Figure 13. Plot Seeing Profile

Perform Multi-aperture Photometry

Click perform multi-aperture photometry, click Place Apertures, then click on
the target of interest star and other stars around it by selecting a star with no noise in the inner
aperture and then press Enter. Press one image per time and check the graph during the
process to avoid errors, including the telescope rotation problem. If there is a problem,
subtract the error from the measurement. When the graph finished, look at the overall
appearance of the graph how the appearance is. Then see the result or choose to adjust the
prior center at the dataset fit setting.

Figure 14. Perform Multi-aperture Photometry

Graph
From the procedure, the graph results from the sequencing of data depicted in
the form of transit graph from target and flat graph from flux value in each duration time.
Each value exhibited by comparison of the selected comparative star we then can calculate
rel_flux Tj value from the formula if at first fitting line does not appear to go to Multi Plot Y
Data to open Data Fit Setting if the graph is straight out flat it means that the target is false
positive
 Figure 15. Fitting Graph

FΤ
Rel ¿= n

∑ FC i
i=1

Formula 4. Rel_flux_T_j Calculation

FC
Rel ¿= n
j

∑ F C , i≠ ji
i=1

Formula 5. Rel_flux_C_j Calculation

Limb Darkening
Enters https://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ from the desired target in
Swarthmore database and https://exoctk.stsci.edu/limb_darkening then search for the desired
target in https://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ and put the data or the name of the target in
https://exoctk.stsci.edu/limb_darkening to link to other databases, select the bandpass
according to the filter used, choose a quadratic limb darkening profile, and calculate it which
will get a graph between intensity and wavelength and intensity and trigonometry function of
the angle between the line of sight and stellar perpendicular line, which can be applied to data
set fit settings.
 Figure 16. Graph between (Intensity, Wavelength)

stellar perpendicular line, 𝜇)

Figure 17. Graph between (Intensity, cosine of the angle between the line of sight and

I (𝜇)/ I (𝜇 =1) = 1 – c1(1 - 𝜇) – c2(1 - 𝜇)2

Formula 6. The Relationship of Intensity-𝜇

Dataset Fit Settings

Click the fit mode in multi-plot Y-data the data set fit settings will be displayed.
Adjust the values in the data set fit settings to see the graph more clearly. Enter the transit
period and the additional data of the host star, adjust the best fit to be close to the prior center
value by iterating and choosing the detrend parameters (AIRMASS, tot_C_cnts)
 Figure 18. Data Set 1 Fitting (Not Fitted)

From the diagram, the values that we got are Baseline Flux (Raw), Depth, Stellar
Radii, Transit Center Time, Inclination of angle, and limb darkening Coefficient (Constant).
By default, the value observed is Flux from the pre-transit period, subsequently entering the
transit period decreasing the level of luminosity in result, creating the concave characteristic
on the graph the depth depicted are then subtracted as in formula 1.

I transit ( π R host star−π R planet ) s

2 2

=
I0 2
(π R host star )s

( )
2
R planet
depth=
R host star
In reality, the luminosity in a different area of stellar disk is equivalent, which is the result of
limb darkening, thus making the surface area darker than the center area

Figure 19. the angle between the line of sight and the emerging intensity

Figure 20. View from the observer

From picture. Illustrate the perspective of planet orbital around host star assume a = stellar
radii and R = planet’s radius. Notice the angle of observer perspective and the stellar radii line
at the angle of γ therefore, from picture D or Projection Distance will be asinγ from formula 5
the function is needed to be in terms of cosine

Use trigonometry identities

 cosγ= √ 1−sin2 γ

cosγ= 1−
√ D2
a
2

Utilize the formula 5.

2
I quad ( γ )=I 0 (1−C1 ( 1−cos ( γ ) )−C 2 ( 1−cos ( γ ) ) )

( ( √ ) ( √ ))
2
D2 D2
I quad ( D )=I 0 1−C1 1− 1− 2 −C 2 1− 1− 2
a a

Formula 7. Intensity (Quadratic) for any D

To find I Totalquad the average value of each area is needed to combine.

2π Rhost star

I tot ,quad =∫ dφ ∫ DdD I (D)

0 0

Formula 8.1 Intensity (Total, Quadratic) of the Host star

( ( √ ) ( √ ))
2π Rhost star 2
D2 D2
I tot ,quad =∫ dφ ∫ I 0 1−C 1 1− 1− 2 −C 2 1− 1− 2 DdD
0 0 a a

C1 C2 2
I tot ,quad =I 0 (1− − )π R host star
3 6

Formula 8.2 Intensity (Total, Quadratic) of the Host star

Because the average summation of the integrated intensity of each area for the decline in
luminosity is impractical because the planet's overlapped area has an unstable point of
luminosity, thus averaging the area is a more sensible option.
 Formula 21. Observation of the overlapped intensity

value to line with d value for 𝜃 degree. In this instance, 𝜃 will end d’s line contact the circle
We construct the circle with the center from the host star at D by sweeping the line with d ’

with dark blue color that is d = d ’. In this period 𝜃 = sin ( ) before the calculation, it is
−1 R

needed to change d and d ' in 𝜃 term.

D

From cosine’s law and quadratic formula result in.

Length of d=Dcosθ ± √ R −D sin θ

2 2 2

Formula 9. Length of d

In the instances of positive d is the solution if negative d’

Therefore, as a result of the calculation.

θ2 d
I tot transit , quad =∫ dθ ∫ I (D) DdD
θ1 d'

Formula 10.1 Intensity (Total, Transit, Quadratic)

( ( √ ) ( √ ))
θ2 d 2
D2 D2
I tot transit , quad =∫ dθ ∫ I 0 1−C 1 1− 1− 2 −C 2 1− 1− 2 DdD
1 θ d' a a

Formula 10.2 Intensity (Total, Transit, Quadratic)

When in arranged form

( ((√ ) (√ ) ))
θ2 3 3
C2 ( d −d ) ( 2C 2 +C 1) a
2 '2 3 '3 2 2
d −d d d'
I tot transit , quad =∫ I 0 ( 1−C 1 ) − 2
− 1− 2 − 1− 2 dθ
1
θ 2 3a 3 a a

Formula 10.3 Intensity (Total, Transit, Quadratic)

We then divide it into three values: A, B, and C, respectively. We then calculate as follows.
 A :2 ( 1−c 1 ) D ( R2 sin−1

2D
( DR sinθ ) + sinθ √ R −D sin θ 2

2
2 2

)
( ( ) R ( 7 R2−D2 )
2
2 c2 D
2 √ 2 D sin 2θ ( D cos 2 θ−D +2 R ) −8 R D ( R −D ) √ D cos 2 θ−D +2 R F θ │
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
B:− 2 2
+
3a R 3

( )
2
D
C : R (2 c2 +c 1 )E θ │ 2
R

Formula 10.4 Intensity (Total, Transit, Quadratic)

While F is the Incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, E is the Incomplete elliptic integral
of the second kind. Lastly, substitute range of θ1 to θ2 into θ

√ 2
D=± (asin ( ωt−ω T c )) +(bcos ( ωt−ω T c ))
2

Formula 11. Projection Distance for anytime

We can deduce the time during transit time center by averaging the time of contact when

D = Rhost star + R planet

Which the Inclination of angle is calculate from formula 3.

i=cos−1 ( ba )
From the provided formula, we found the overall relation from four variables mentioned
which from the graph we can deduce the primary value thus result in predictable line
meanwhile there is the data from observation; therefore, we must use the method to find the
most probable value that is the Least Square Method.

Given E at any value is the difference from observation or experiment and each value
squared.

2 2
E1=( y 1−Y 1 )

2 2
E2=( y 2−Y 2)

2 2
E3 =( y 3−Y 3)
.
 .
.
2 2
En =( y n −Y n)

In variable Y n associated with an individual or multiple variables such as depth, stellar radii,
transit center time, and inclination, we proceed to partially derivative the formula with the
variables.

2 2 2 2
E=E1 + E2 + E3 +…+ En

∂E ∂
=
∂(depth) ∂ ( depth )
( E1 + E2 + E3 +…+ En ) =0
2 2 2 2

∂E ∂
=
∂(a) ∂(a)
( E21 + E22 + E 23+ …+ E2n )=0

∂E ∂
=
∂(T c ) ∂(T c )
( E1 + E2 + E3 +…+ En ) =0
2 2 2 2

∂E ∂
=
∂(i) ∂(i)
( E 21+ E 22+ E23 +…+ E 2n )=0

We found that the value initially was not close to the value we predicted. Therefore, we
corporate the method called the iterative method.

Iterative method: generate a sequence of approximations that converge to the solution as the
number of steps approaches infinity

Assume x=f (x) , Substitute X as any value with X in the sequence of solution example
For x=x 0 and provide x 1=f (x 0)

x 1=f (x 0)

x 2=f (x 1)

x 3=f (x 2)

x 4 =f (x 3 )

x 5=f (x 4 )
.
.
.
x n=f ( x n−1 )
When x n x n−1by decimal places that we desire to be a constant value in this method, the
solution is not 100% correct in precision, but its value can be approach proportion to the
decimal places. Therefore, the answer to the formula x=f (x)

x=x n−1=x n

Coding Animation
the explanation in the form of formal and word might not be enough to convey the
imagination entirely therefore we use the model from python code in jupyter to help depict
the orbit of satellite surrounding the host star, which can be code as follows

Figure 22. Code for Animation

Result and Discussion

Image Processing
From the set of images from 50 times observation, we initially found the
problem with the calibration of point of some object that does not have identified code to link
with AstroimageJ. We then solve it using the coordinate of its equator for calibration instead,
which exhibits the result similar to using a link from object code from an additional reference
database that is SIMBAD and SKYMAP. No problems were found in the section of BIAS
DARK FLAT, for which we render their size constrict from binning x,y (2,2) to make it
compatible with the size of observation images from Australia. When importing the calibrated
file, we found that most images do not pose complications and can be computed. If there is a
problem from the rotation of the telescope making the airmass value change resulting in an
error of rel flux initially, it should be associated with secz. We then decided to delete the
image from the over-rotated telescope out such as TOI 756.01, in which some images are out
of the camera. We then reobserve to relocate the missing image parts using the new set of
images. In the part that does not over-rotate, we can manually delete the image that consists of
error, which all the mention occurs in the first cycle or first three months (Apr-Jun) of the
observation. We then solve the problem by registering to use the telescope in a different way
that is “Target of opportunities” with the aim of higher priority but in cost of less use time.

Detectable Signal
From image to luminosity intensity conversion, we found that in all of the nine
systems, we observed most of them produce a flat graph from the host star, including the
nearby area of TESS aperture, which we observed on average of 5 times for each target. We
then can guarantee that the object is a false positive. However, a set of images have the decent
condition from SBO observation, which in the area in the medial of the front legs of the
Sagittarius constellation, its code is TOI 3288.01. From the overall images before the process
of the fitting line, we found that there are concave at the central to slightly at the right of the
graph from the host star and from the graph of the 4-comparison star with the proper selection
and non-noise found that there are no concave on the graph. All have the characteristics of the
flat graph, with the set of images that have six error images out of 132 images when deleted,
and through the iteration method, the result is very decent. Which the value needed for check-
analysis such as depth and time duration all of this is in the scope of error defined by exofop.
In contrast, depth has a value of 0.0313%, which have a similar size compared to Jupiter with
a radius of 1.08 times to Jupiter, duration time of 1:41:00, Baseline flux of 0.315, stellar radii
of 7.669 times of host star, transit time center of 2459431.964 and inclination value at 89.976
degrees. For the other two limb darkening coefficient from the calculation in
https://exoctk.stsci.edu/limb_darkening with the value of 0.499 and 0.213, respectively, which
from the prediction we found that it has a low possibility of a target being a white dwarf. With
the orbit period, that is not too less and not that massive either. Furthermore, the case of the
target being a binary star is unlikely because the observation done four times, including the
collaborative observation from an overseas researcher that does not have distorted results
from the case of binary star transiting.

Planet Parameters (TOI 3288.01b)

Name TOI Epoch BJD Period Depth Depth
(Days) (mmag) (ppm)
TESS Object of Interest (TESS Project)
TIC TOI 2459057.730758 1.4338615 34.594002 31360
79920467.01 3288.01 ± .0004431 ± .0000023 ± .008855 ± 8.1561
Name TOI Duration (hrs) Radius Insolation Equilibrium Temp
R_Earth Earth Flux (K)
TESS Object of Interest (TESS Project)
TIC TOI 1.61 12.3818 158.892 989
79920467.01 3288.01 ± .075 ± .429787
Stellar Parameters (TOI 3288.01)
Teff log(g) Radius Mass Density Luminosity Distance
(K) R_Sun M_Sun g/cm3 L_Sun pc

TESS Project Stellar Parameters

3913 4.59334 0.670071 0.641966 3.00863 0.09483655 200.5 ±
± 157 ± 0.0124368 ± 0.0202783 ± 0.0204766 ± 0.177491 ± 0.02105437 1.5505

TESS Object of Interest (TESS Project) Stellar Parameters

3913 4.59 0.67
± 157 ± 0.01 ± 0.02

Observation Info
Created XID ID Observer
04/08/2021 610ad5b23fc4ff0dd4b6e8c4 21LSJA Kittituch Suratanachaiboonlert
18:00:18 UTC

Name RA DEC Binning X,Y Priority

TOI 3288.01 19:48:26.48 -43:01:04.8 2, 2 91

Telescope Max Airmass Observing Period Filter Exposure Time Amount of

image
SBO (0.7m 3 05/08/2021 R 60s 132
CDK700 Telescope 08:48:00 -
System) 05/08/2021
13:26:00 UTC

TESS False-positive Catalog (Data Common to All False Positive)

Table 1.
TESS ID TIC ID R.A. (J2000) R.A. (J2000) R.A. (J2000)
(h:m:s) (hr.) (degrees)
TOI 756.01 TIC 73649615.01 12:48:24.90 12.80692 192.10375
TOI 1242.01 TIC 198212955.01 16:34:12.79 16.57022 248.55329
TOI 1347.01 TIC 229747848.01 18:41:18.40 18.68844 280.32667
TOI 1436.01 TIC 154383539.01 14:22:24.52 14.37348 215.60217
TOI 1752.01 TIC 287139872.01 16:53:50.76 16.89743 253.46150
TOI 3277.01 TIC 319568619.01 19:23:25.67 19.39046 290.85696
. . . . .
 . . . . .

Table 2.
TESS ID Decl. (J2000) Decl. (J2000) Ecliptic Ecliptic Latitude
(d:m:s) (degrees) Longitude
TOI 756.01 -45:28:13.70 -45.47047 211:23:46.30 -36:33:12.22
TOI 1242.01 60:11:45.34 60.19593 203:34:10.03 78:33:50.06
TOI 1347.01 70:17:24.19 70.29005 49:12:22.50 84:41:25.81
TOI 1436.01 55:20:03.33 55.33426 177:06:27.00 62:24:55.11
TOI 1752.01 60:42:34.63 60.70962 210:54:26.62 80:39:31.43
TOI 3277.01 -54:19:50.34 -54.33065 284:09:23.20 -31:54:41.90
. . . . .
. . . . .

Table 3.
TESS ID Galactic Galactic Tc TFOPWG
Longitude Latitude (BJDTDB) Disposition
TOI 756.01 302:22:35.55 17:23:52.86 2459317.9188 PC
TOI 1242.01 90:26:04.44 40:09:53.56 2459315.8247 PC
TOI 1347.01 100:51:46.78 26:15:56.19 2459403.8797 PC
TOI 1436.01 98:53:08.28 57:20:27.12 2459393.7502 PC
TOI 1752.01 90:20:24.31 37:41:32.11 2459342.8960 PC
TOI 3277.01 343:01:10.03 -26:16:21.17 2459443.1397 PC
. . . . .
. . . . .

Table 4.
TESS ID TESS mag Master Priority Period (Days) Duration (hr.)
TOI 756.01 12.6 2 1.24 1.11
TOI 1242.01 11.6 1 0.38 0.52
TOI 1347.01 10.7 2 0.85 0.54
TOI 1436.01 11.1 2 0.87 1.13
TOI 1752.01 12.7 1 0.94 0.51
TOI 3277.01 12.8 3 1.53 1.41
. . . . .
. . . . .
Figure 23. Transit graph (Flux, Time)

Figure 24. the value from the fitting graph

 Figure 25. Transit Graph Animation

Conclusion
The searching for exoplanets in this research project can detect signals from TOIs and
have the potential to be planets. Observational data also detects relatively few signals from
random observation areas. However, this will be information for expanding the observation
area and more inclined to ground telescopes for further research.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank NARIT and the network for providing the resources
for the project. Mr. Supachai Awiphan gives advice and is a special advisor for the research
project. As our advisor, this project has also received partial support from Mr. Vichien
Donram.
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