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INTRODUCTION TO 6G
Overview of 6G Technology

Advanced Connectivity

6G is anticipated to offer terabit-level

speeds and ultra-low latency, significantly
surpassing the capabilities of 5G. This
improvement is expected to enable
applications that require extremely high
data rates and near-instantaneous
response times.

Integration of AI

Unlike previous generations, 6G is expected to have native AI capabilities. AI

integration will not just be an add-on but a fundamental component, allowing for
more efficient network operations, personalized services, and advanced data
analytics.

Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence

6G aims to transform the network into a distributed neural network, integrating

communication, sensing, and computing. This would enable seamless convergence
of the physical, biological, and digital worlds, creating an 'Intelligence of Everything'
environment.

Network Slicing and Flexibility

Building on the network slicing capabilities of 5G, 6G will likely enhance this feature,
offering more customized and dynamic network slices for various applications, from
industrial IoT to virtual reality.

02
Enhanced IoT Integration

With 6G, the number of connected devices and the scale of IoT networks will
grow exponentially. 6G will provide the infrastructure to support a vast IoT
ecosystem, connecting trillions of devices efficiently.

Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

A key focus of 6G will be on sustainable and energy-efficient network operations. This

includes green technology solutions and energy harvesting methods to reduce the
environmental impact of large-scale networks.

Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs)

6G is expected to integrate terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (including satellite

and airborne networks) to ensure global coverage, including remote and rural areas.

03
Evolution from 5G to 6G

From Connectivity to Intelligence

While 5G focuses on connecting people,

things, and data, 6G is poised to advance
this concept by integrating intelligence
into the network. This means not just
connecting things but making those
connections smart and autonomous.

Enhanced Speed and Capacity

5G introduced significant improvements in
speed and capacity over 4G, but 6G will take
this to a new level, with expected peak data
rates in the terabits per second.

Improved Latency
5G already offers reduced latency compared to 4G, but 6G aims to achieve even
lower latency, potentially reaching the sub-millisecond level, which is critical for
applications like remote surgery and real-time analytics.

Advanced Use Cases

5G enabled emerging use cases like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR),
smart cities, and autonomous vehicles. 6G will expand on these applications,
enabling more complex and immersive experiences, like holographic
communications and advanced AI services.

Network Reliability and Coverage

6G aims to provide even more reliable and ubiquitous coverage than 5G, integrating
NTNs to cover areas that are currently underserved or unserved by terrestrial
networks.

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Societal Impact

While 5G began the transformation towards a more connected society, 6G is

expected to have a deeper societal impact by enabling new services and
capabilities that address major societal challenges, including healthcare,
education, and environmental sustainability.

In conclusion, the transition from 5G to 6G represents a significant leap in

technology, not just in terms of improved speed and reduced latency, but also in the
way it integrates intelligence, transforms user experiences, and addresses global
challenges. 6G is poised to be more than just a communication technology; it's set to
be a platform that will underpin a vast array of future technological innovations and
societal advancements.

05
MEGA-TRENDS AND
KEY DRIVERS
New Applications & Business Models

New Applications &

Business Models

The advent of 6G is expected to bring

about revolutionary changes in virtual and
augmented reality (VR/AR), creating more
immersive and interactive experiences.
This could lead to new business models in
entertainment, education, and
telepresence.

Internet of Everything (IoE)

6G will enable the interconnectivity of not only devices but also people, processes,
and data, leading to the creation of the Internet of Everything. This will foster new
applications in smart cities, industrial automation, and personalized healthcare,
transforming how businesses operate and interact with customers.

Ubiquitous Computing

As computing becomes more pervasive, 6G will facilitate seamless integration of

cloud and edge computing. This will enable real-time data processing and analytics,
opening up opportunities for new services that require high computational power,
such as AI-driven analytics and decision-making tools.

Advanced IoT Applications

With the expanded capabilities of 6G, Internet of Things (IoT) applications will
become more sophisticated, enabling smart environments that are more responsive
and adaptive to human needs. This could lead to innovative business models in areas
like environmental monitoring, smart transportation, and energy management.

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Proliferation of Intelligence

AI and Machine Learning

6G networks are expected to be designed

with native AI capabilities, allowing for
smarter and more efficient network
management. This proliferation of
intelligence will enhance the performance
and user experience, enabling more
complex AI applications.

Autonomous Systems
The high reliability and low latency of 6G
will be crucial for the deployment of
autonomous systems, such as self-driving
cars and drones. These systems will rely
on the network for real-time decision-
making and data processing.

Personalized Services
AI integration will enable more personalized and context-aware services. This could
range from customized content delivery to personalized healthcare
recommendations, enhancing user engagement and satisfaction.

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Sustainability and Social Responsibility

Energy Efficiency

As 6G networks will handle significantly

more data and connections, energy
efficiency becomes a critical concern. The
development of 6G is focusing on
sustainable practices, including the use of
renewable energy sources and energy-
efficient technologies.

Digital Inclusion
6G aims to provide ubiquitous connectivity,
including in remote and underserved areas.
This aligns with the goal of digital inclusion,
ensuring that everyone, regardless of
location, has access to digital services.

Environmental Monitoring
6G can play a vital role in environmental conservation and monitoring. Enhanced
connectivity and data capabilities will enable more effective tracking of
environmental changes, facilitating proactive measures against climate change and
natural disasters.

Ethical Considerations and Privacy

With the increased capabilities of 6G, there is a growing emphasis on addressing
ethical considerations and protecting user privacy. This includes developing
frameworks and standards to ensure that advancements in technology are aligned
with societal values and norms.

The mega-trends and key drivers for 6G encompass a wide range of areas, from the
creation of new business models driven by immersive technologies and IoE, to the
integration of AI for intelligent and efficient network operations, and a strong focus
on sustainability and social responsibility. These trends highlight the transformative
potential of 6G not just as a communication technology, but as a catalyst for broader
socio-economic changes.

08
OVERALL VISION AND
CAPABILITIES OF 6G

Native AI
Integrating AI as a core component, not
just an add-on, to support AI-based
services and applications​​.

Networked Sensing
Utilizing higher frequency bands for
integrating sensing and communication,
leading to enhanced services and new
capabilities​​.

Extreme Connectivity
Achieving speeds comparable to optical fiber, significantly enhancing system capacity
and reliability​​.

Integrated Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN):

Combining terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks for global coverage and lower
latency in long-distance communication​​.

Native Trustworthiness
Ensuring security, privacy, resilience, safety, and reliability in the network
architecture​​.

Sustainability
Aiming for energy efficiency and reduced overall energy consumption while
maintaining optimal service performance​​.

09
OVERALL VISION OF 6G

Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence

6G aims to create a truly interconnected
world where the boundaries between
physical, digital, and biological spheres are
blurred. This vision includes not just
enhanced connectivity, but also the
integration of advanced computing and
artificial intelligence, leading to what can
be described as the 'Intelligence of
Everything'.

Seamless Integration of the

Physical and Digital Worlds
6G envisions a future where the digital and
physical worlds are seamlessly integrated,
allowing for real-time interactions and
experiences that are currently inconceivable.
This integration will revolutionize industries,
healthcare, education, and daily life.

Empowering Societal and Industrial Transformations

Beyond individual use, 6G is seen as a key enabler for large-scale societal and
industrial transformations, facilitating smart cities, autonomous systems, and
advanced manufacturing processes.

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Key Capabilities of 6G

Terabit-level Speeds and Ultra-low

Latency

One of the most significant capabilities of

6G is its ability to deliver terabit-per-
second data speeds and latency in the
order of microseconds. This ultra-fast and
responsive network will be essential for
applications like holographic
communications, high-precision
manufacturing, and real-time analytics.

Advanced AI Integration
AI will be a native component of 6G
networks, enabling intelligent and
autonomous network optimization,
predictive maintenance, and advanced data
analytics. This will lead to more efficient
network operations and enhanced user
experiences.

Network Slicing and Customization

Building upon the network slicing introduced in 5G, 6G will further enhance the
ability to create multiple virtual networks tailored to specific requirements. This
could support diverse applications, from massive IoT deployments to ultra-reliable
low-latency communications for critical infrastructure.

Enhanced IoT Support

6G will provide the infrastructure to support the exponential growth in IoT devices,
enabling more complex, reliable, and energy-efficient IoT ecosystems. This will be
crucial for the realization of smart cities and automated industrial processes.

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Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs)

The integration of NTNs, such as satellite and airborne networks, will ensure
global coverage, including in remote and hard-to-reach areas. This is critical for
achieving universal connectivity.

Sustainable and Green Technologies

Recognizing the environmental impact of telecommunications infrastructure,
6G aims to incorporate sustainable and green technologies. This includes
energy-efficient hardware, use of renewable energy sources, and minimizing
the carbon footprint of network operations.

Enhanced Security and Privacy

With the increased complexity and capabilities of 6G, there will be a heightened
focus on security and privacy. This involves advanced encryption methods,
secure network architectures, and mechanisms to ensure data privacy and
integrity.

Human-Centric Design
Finally, 6G networks are envisioned to be more human-centric, offering
personalized and context-aware services. This will enhance user experience
and accessibility, making technology more intuitive and responsive to individual
needs.

Finally, 6G networks are envisioned to be more human-centric, offering

personalized and context-aware services. This will enhance user experience
and accessibility, making technology more intuitive and responsive to individual
needs.

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NEW ELEMENTS IN 6G

There are several key innovations and

technological advancements that define the
5G network. These new elements include:

New Spectrum

The introduction of new frequency

bands to improve network capacity and
performance.

New Materials and Antennas

Development in materials science and

antenna design to enhance signal
transmission and reception.

New Channels

The creation of more efficient and effective communication channels.

New Devices

The emergence of devices designed to leverage the improved capabilities of 5G

networks.

The enabling technologies and architectures are fundamental to 5G, including:

Native AI

The integration of artificial intelligence into the network fabric.

Networked Sensing

Enhancing the network's ability to collect and process data from various sources.

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Extreme Connectivity

A focus on achieving higher levels of network performance and reliability.

Integrated Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

Combining terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks for broader coverage.

Native Trustworthiness

Building security and trust into the network infrastructure.

Sustainability

Ensuring that 5G development is aligned with sustainability goals.

These elements represent a significant leap from previous generations of

mobile networks, emphasizing enhanced speed, connectivity, intelligence, and
sustainability

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USE CASES & REQUIREMENTS

There are five major usage scenarios that

demonstrate the capabilities and potential
applications of 6G technology. These
scenarios include:

eMBB+ (enhanced Mobile Broadband Plus)

This scenario represents the evolution of

enhanced mobile broadband. It focuses on
human-centric communication use cases and
aims to provide an extremely immersive
experience with multi-sensory interactions,
particularly in XR applications (Augmented
Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality) and
telepresence.

URLLC+ (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications Plus)

This scenario extends the ultra-reliable and low-latency communications of 5G. It is

designed for critical machine-type communication and is particularly relevant for
Industry 4.0 applications, including manufacturing, public service, autonomous driving,
and household management.

mMTC+ (massive Machine Type Communications Plus)

This scenario is focused on supporting a massive number of devices and sensors,

which is vital for IoT (Internet of Things) applications. It emphasizes the need for a
network that can handle a large number of connections without compromising
performance.

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Sensing

This scenario introduces networked sensing as a new type of usage beyond

traditional communication. It covers a range of use cases such as localization for
device-based or device-free targets, imaging, environment reconstruction and
monitoring, and gesture and activity recognition.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

This scenario emphasizes the integration of AI with network technologies. It

highlights the role of AI in enhancing network functionalities and enabling new
capabilities such as intelligent data processing and advanced decision-making.

Each of these scenarios illustrates the broad and transformative impact that 6G
technology is expected to have across various domains, emphasizing enhanced
connectivity, intelligence, and sensory capabilities

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PARADIGM SHIFTS

There is a significant paradigm shifts in both

air interface design and network
architecture, which are essential for realizing
the advanced capabilities of 6G:

Paradigm Shifts in Air Interface Design

- There is a move towards a more

personalized air interface, which allows for the
customization of transmission schemes and
parameters at the user equipment (UE) level.
This approach aims to enhance user
experience without compromising system
capacity.

- The design will be scalable to support near-

zero-latency, especially important for Ultra-
Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC).

- Additionally, a new signaling mechanism, characterized as both simple and agile,

will be introduced to minimize signaling overhead and delay, further optimizing
the air interface for diverse user needs..

Paradigm Shifts in Network Architecture

- In terms of network architecture, the 6G system is envisioned to serve as a
distributed platform for executing user workloads across all industry scenarios.
This reflects a shift from traditional centralized network architectures to
decentralized and user-centric ones.

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 - This new architecture will integrate native AI capabilities, marking a significant
departure from traditional network designs. The integration of AI is expected to
enable the network to meet new requirements and integrate new capabilities
effectively.

- These changes will lead to a novel network architecture that is flexible and
adaptable, capable of supporting the advanced functionalities and diverse
applications anticipated in the 6G era.

These shifts indicate a fundamental transformation in how both the air interface and
network architecture are conceptualized and implemented, with a strong emphasis
on personalization, decentralization, and the integration of AI to cater to the complex
and diverse demands of future 6G networks.

18
THE ROLE OF WEB 3.0 IN 6G
EVOLUTION
In the context of 6G, the role of Web 3.0 and
blockchain adoption is significant and
multifaceted. Here's an exploration of how
these technologies might interact and
influence the world of 6G:

Decentralization and Enhanced Security

Web 3.0 is fundamentally about the

decentralization of the internet, leveraging
technologies like blockchain to distribute data
across numerous nodes. This approach
enhances security and resilience, which is
crucial for 6G networks that will be handling
vast amounts of sensitive and critical data.
Blockchain's immutable and transparent
nature can provide a robust security layer for
6G networks, safeguarding against tampering
and unauthorized access.

Data Management and Privacy

With the increased emphasis on user privacy and data sovereignty in Web 3.0,
blockchain can offer solutions for secure and transparent data management in 6G
networks. Users could have greater control over their data, deciding who can
access it and for what purpose. This aligns with the expected evolution of 6G
towards user-centric networks.

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Smart Contracts for Automated Services
6G networks will likely support a vast array of IoT devices and services. Blockchain’s
smart contract functionality can automate many interactions in this ecosystem,
such as microtransactions, access control, and the execution of agreements
between devices without human intervention.

Enhanced IoT Integration

As 6G aims to provide ubiquitous connectivity, integrating IoT devices seamlessly,
blockchain can play a crucial role in managing these devices securely. Blockchain
can provide a scalable and secure framework for IoT devices to communicate,
authenticate, and transact, reducing the risk of security breaches.

Network Slicing and Resource Management

6G networks are expected to support network slicing, allowing the creation of
multiple virtual networks on a shared physical infrastructure. Blockchain can aid in
the decentralized and transparent allocation of resources for these slices, ensuring
efficient and fair usage.

Decentralized Identity (DID) Systems

With Web 3.0's focus on decentralized identity solutions, blockchain can offer
secure and verifiable identity management systems in 6G networks. This would
enable users to control their online identities and the associated data, reducing
reliance on centralized entities.

Tokenization and New Economic Models

The integration of blockchain with 6G could lead to novel economic models, such
as tokenization, where digital tokens represent assets or access rights. This can
open up new monetization avenues for service providers and users in the 6G
ecosystem.

Interoperability and Standardization

Blockchain can facilitate interoperability in 6G, ensuring seamless communication
and data exchange across different networks and devices. This would be vital for
the global nature of 6G networks.

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ROADMAP FOR 6G

6G comes with both innovation and potential

challenges. But the roadmap to an efficient ,
intelligent backbone is indeed in the works.

Enhanced Sensing and Imaging

6G aims to improve sensing and imaging
capabilities significantly, leveraging THz imaging
and AI to allow for applications like hidden
object detection and gesture recognition. This
will enable interaction with devices through
gestures and actions, enhancing human-
computer interfaces.

AI Integration
6G aims to improve sensing and imaging capabilities significantly, leveraging THz
imaging and AI to allow for applications like hidden object detection and gesture
recognition. This will enable interaction with devices through gestures and actions,
enhancing human-computer interfaces.

Spectrum and Frequency Bands

6G will explore new spectrum and frequency bands, including the use of mmWave
and THz bands. This will be crucial for supporting ultra-high data rates and
advanced sensing capabilities. The concept of a multilayered frequency band
framework will be essential for achieving wide coverage.

New Materials and Antennas

The evolution of new material technologies will facilitate the application of new
spectrum and antennas for 6G. This includes advancements in silicon technologies
and the integration of different semiconductor materials to overcome current
limitations.

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Channel Modeling and Radio Wave Propagation
6G will face new challenges in channel modeling due to the use of higher frequency
bands and new scenarios. This may require a mix of deterministic, stochastic, and
hybrid modeling approaches to accurately simulate the behavior of radio waves.

Revolution in Mobile Devices

Future mobile devices in the 6G era will have capabilities beyond current
smartphones, including advanced sensing, imaging, and AI integration. This will
transform devices into more than just communication tools, integrating them more
deeply into various aspects of daily life.

Air Interface and Network Architecture

The design of 6G's air interface and network architecture will be fundamentally
different from previous generations. This includes AI-driven physical layer and
media access control, task-centric connection models, and integrated terrestrial
and non-terrestrial network infrastructures.

Native Security and Trustworthiness

6G will transition from encryption-based security to a more integrated approach
focusing on native trustworthiness, considering aspects like quantum computing
and AI in security design.

Global Standardization and Collaboration

The path to successful 6G deployment will require global collaboration and
standardization. It's anticipated that the first version of 6G standardization will be
released around 2030.

This roadmap outlines a transformative journey for 6G, focusing on integrating AI,
exploring new materials and spectrums, and developing advanced network
architectures to enable a wide range of futuristic applications and services.

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