Concept of Major Games and Sports (Chaper-VI)

Kho-Kho, Badminton, Kabaddi, Handball, Archery Hockey.

1History,
2. Rules
3. Measurement of field
4. Fundamental skills
5. Sport Terminology

Kho-Kho
(1)History
It is a form of tag game, like Kabaddi, mostly popular in the Indian
subcontinent. Kho Kho originated in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is
played by several teams consisting of 12 players out of which 9 enter the
field and the remaining 3 become the defending members.

The first kho-kho tournaments were organized in 1914, and the first
national championship was held in 1959 at Vijayawada under
the auspices of the Kho-kho Federation of India (KKFI), which was formed
in 1955. Ever since, the KKFI has made great efforts to popularize the
game, which is now played across India at various levels, from schools to
the national team. Kho-kho was included as a demonstration sport at
the Berlin 1936 Olympic Games and at the South Asian Federation (SAF)
Games in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1987. It was during the SAF Games that the
Asian Kho-kho Federation was formed, which later helped popularize kho-
kho in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

(2) Rules:-

 Mark the playing area with the chalk or string. Draw a line down the
middle of the field and place the poles at each end of the dividing line.
 Divide yourselves into two equal teams (12 is ideal but not less than
six). One team are the chasers and other, the defenders. Don’t worry,
you’ll get to swap around often.
  The chasing team lines up on the middle line, facing in alternate
directions. You can only ‘chase’ on the side of the pitch you’re facing.
 The defenders enter the field in groups of three. Defenders need to
avoid being tagged by a chaser and can run anywhere on the field. If
you get tagged, you’re out.
 The chaser at the pole starts and must try to tag one of the defenders
on their side of the field. If a defender crosses the line to the other
side, the chaser taps one of his teammates who is sitting facing the
other direction and shouts “Kho!”.
 The teammate must then try to tag the defender.
 Chasers can swap with a teammate every time the defender moves
into the opposite side of the pitch.
 Chasers, your aim is to tag all the defenders quickly.
 The team that gets the defenders out the quickest, wins.

(3) Measurement of field

Kho Kho playground is 29 meters long and 16 meters wide in dimension. At
each end of the longer side of the rectangle is two rectangles measuring 16
meters in length and 2.75 meters wide. Wooden pillar of 120 cm high at the
inner center of the line of this rectangle as shown in the figure below. The
circumference of the wooden pillar is between 30 to 40 cm. There is one
straight line on either side of the pillar. There are 8 pairs of parallel lines
between these two wooden pillar posts. Each pair of the line is 30 cm away
from each other and 2.30 meters away from next pair of line. This creates 8
boxes of 30 cm in length and 30 cm width.

(4) Fundamental Skills

Basic Skills required is running and chasing. Some of the basic Kho Kho
skills are :

1. The judgment of direction: How fast and attentive you are to know
which direction you have to run.
2. Getting up from Square: Should be very responsive to your
teammates.
3. Running Skills: You should be fast ring play, a single chain running,
zig-zag running, straight running.
4. Team coordination: very fast grasper of Kho given by team members
and realizing if the signal was early Kho, late , fake , hurry Kho or it’s
a simple Kho.
(5) Sports Terminology of Kho-Kho
There are various terminologies used while playing The Kho-Kho game:

Pole, Chaser, Runner, Central Lane, Cross Lane, Kho, Early Getup, Late Kho,
Minus Kho, Lobby, Free Zone, and Square.

Badminton:

(1) History:- Badminton originated in ancient India as a game called

poona. It was introduced to England in the 19th century and quickly gained
popularity. The first official badminton tournament was held in 1898, and
the International Badminton Federation was established in 1934.
Badminton was included in the Olympics for the first time in 1992, and has
since become one of the most popular sports in the world, with millions of
players and fans worldwide. Today, badminton is known for its fast-paced
rallies and high level of athleticism, and continues to evolve and grow as a
sport.

(2) Rules:-

1. A game starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide
whether they would serve or receive first OR what side of the court
they want to be on. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the
remaining choice.
2. At no time during the game should the player touch the net, with his
racquet or his body.
3. The shuttlecock should not be carried on or come to rest on the
racquet.
4. A player should not reach over the net to hit the shuttlecock.
5. A serve must carry cross court (diagonally) to be valid.
6. During the serve, a player should not touch any of the lines of the
court, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. During the serve the
shuttlecock should always be hit from below the waist.
7. A point is added to a player's score as and when he wins a rally.
8. A player wins a rally when he strikes the shuttlecock and it touches
the floor of the opponent's side of the court or when the opponent
commits a fault. The most common type of fault is when a player fails
to hit the shuttlecock over the net or it lands outside the boundary of
the court.
9. Each side can strike the shuttlecock only once before it passes over
the net. Once hit, a player can't strike the shuttlecock in a new
movement or shot.
10. The shuttlecock hitting the ceiling is counted as a fault.
(3) Measurement of Field:- In a badminton match, the court size for a
single's game is 44 feet long X 17 feet wide and for a doubles match it is 44
feet long X 20 feet wide. The height of the net is 5 feet.

(4) Fundamental skills:-

You don’t need to be a professional player to grab a racket and have fun
with the game of badminton. But basic badminton skills can help build
confidence and comfort when stepping onto the badminton court. The skills
in badminton require a balance of hand-eye coordination, speed, agility,
and endurance.

The basic skills in badminton include:

 Racket Grip – Before even practicing the swing and shots of badminton,
players can fine tune the forehand and backhand grip so that they are
ready for any shot on the court.

 Ready Position – Before worrying about more advanced footwork, the

foundation to badminton technique is a solid ready position. Otherwise
known as an athletic stance, this position allows badminton players to be
ready for any shots that their opponents send to their side of the court.

 Footwork – Because badminton is dynamic, badminton players need to

use footwork to move throughout the court. In addition, proper
footwork can help set up for shots throughout a game.

 Racket Swings – Players can develop the basic forehand strokes and
backhand strokes. Badminton players can practice the overhead
forehand stroke, overhand backhand stroke, underhand forehand stroke,
underhand backhand stroke so they can hit the shuttle consistently.

 Badminton Serve – Beyond the important skills of different badminton

racket swings, an essential component of the game is the serve. It is
important to be consistently get the shuttle into the opponent’s court on a
serve.

(5) Sports Terminology of Badminton

The document defines various badminton shot types and terminology: -
Shots include clears, drives, drops, lifts, net shots, smashes, and pushes.
Terminology includes terms like backcourt, forecourt, mid-court, let, fault,
and rally.
 Kabaddi

(1)History:-

The origin of the game dates back to pre-historic times played in

different forms. The modern Kabaddi game was played all over India and
some parts of South Asia from 1930. The first known framework of the
rules of Kabaddi as an indigenous sport of India was prepared in
Maharashtra in the year 1921 for Kabaddi competitions on the pattern of
Sanjeevani and Gemini in a combined form. Thereafter a committee was
constituted in the year 1923, which amended the rules framed in 1921. The
amended rules were applied during the All India Kabaddi Tournament
organized in 1923.
The All India Kabaddi Federation was formed in the year 1950 to look after
the promotion of the game and the Senior National championship started
from the year 1952. The new body, Ama¬teur Kabaddi Federation of India
(AKFI) came in to existence from the year 1972 affiliated to Indian Olympic
Association (IOA) with a view to popularize the game in India & neighboring
countries of Asia. After formation of this body, Kabaddi took a new shape
and National level competitions started for Junior and Sub-junior boys &
girls also
The 1st Asian Kabaddi Championship was held in the year 1980 and was
included as a demonstration game in the 9th Asian Games, New Delhi in
the year 1982.

(2)Rules
1) The team that wins the toss will have the choice to elect either raid or
the defence.
2) In the second half of the game, the sides of the play field will be
changed
3) The team which defended in the first raid of the first half, will start the
game with a raid in the second half of the game.
4) The game in the second half will resume with the same number of
players, as they were at the end of the first half.
a. The last raid of each half of the match will be allowed to be
completed even after completion of the scheduled time as
mentioned above.Review will be available if they have.
5) A player will be out if any part of his body touches the ground outside
the boundary. The line umpires will take out such players at once.
The Line umpire will declare such players out by calling out their
jersey numbers. No whistle will be blown as the raid may continue.
6) If such player resists going out of the ground or challenges the
decision of theLine umpire or misbehaves or forcefully involves
himself In the game will be shown an appropriate warning card as
deemed fit by the referee.
7) If a defender or defenders who has / have touched the ground
outside the boundary (as per rule 5), hold a raider, the raider will be
declared NOT OUT. The defender or defenders who have gone out of
bounds only will be declared out.
8) In do or die raid if line umpires declared a defender or defenders self
out still the raider has to continue his raid until a result because, if the
defending team has taken a review and review gets successful then
the raider will get declared as not out if he won't take any other point
and restart raid. After line umpires decision if super tackle situation
occurs and raider got super tackled then defending team will get 2
points but in review from self out defenders any one declared as safe
and defenders count get more than 3 then it will not count as super
tackle and defending team will get only one point.
9) During the struggle/touch a player will not be out if any part of his
body touches the ground outside the boundaries but keeps contact
with the play field.
10) It is mandatory for a raider to cross the baulk line once during
an empty raid , and if he fails then he will be

(3)Measurement of field:- Play in a flat, rectangular arena 13 meters

(42.7 ft) wide x 10 meters (32.8 ft) long.[2]

 These are the official measurements for professional men's Kabaddi

— if you're just playing casually with friends, your play area doesn't
need to be exactly this size. However, it should be flat, open, and
roughly rectangular.[3]
 For women's Kabaddi, the court size is slightly smaller — 12 meters
(39.4 ft) wide x 8 meters (26.2 ft) long.

(4)Fundamental Skill:- This document discusses the basic skills of the

game of kabaddi. It outlines both defensive and offensive skills.
Defensive skills include tackle, block, chain tackle, waist hold, ankle
hold, thigh hold, and diving ankle holds. Offensive skills include
raiding, hand touch, toe touch, dubki, squat thrust, and kicking.

(5)Sport Terminology of Kabaddi:- The sport terminology

include tackle, block, chain tackle, waist hold, ankle hold, thigh hold,
and diving ankle holds. Offensive skills include raiding, hand touch,
toe touch, dubki, squat thrust, and kicking.
 Handball

(1) History:-

Handball is a fast-paced team game that was first played towards

the end of the 19th century in Scandinavia and Germany. The
International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was set up in
1928 on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam,
leading to the first Field Handball World Championships being
played in Germany in 1938, following its appearance at the 1936
Berlin Games. Handball is a team sport in which pass a ball using
their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other
team

(2) Rules:
Two teams, composed of six players and one goalie each, face
off on a court Players dribble, pass and shoot a ball into a goal.
Men's and women's handballs are about 22-23 inches and 21-22
inches in circumference, respectively; easily gripped in one hand,
it is built comparably to a soccer ball. Although about 40 feet
longer than a basketball court, a handball court is similar in
appearance: half circles on both ends of the court mark the "goal
area," a zone that extends about 20 feet in front of the 6'7" tall and
10' wide goal. The 12 court players are not allowed to literally step
foot in this area, which results in NBA-style leaps over the line to
shoot while in the air. Successful scoring attempts result in a
single point. Defensive play is fierce, however, and allows
aggressive person-to-person full body contact to prevent the offense from
shooting.
(3) Measurement of field:-
Modern handball is played on a court of 40 by 20 metres (131 by
66 ft), with a goal in the middle of each end. The goals are
surrounded by a 6-metre (20 ft) zone where only the defending
goalkeeper is allowed; goals must be scored by throwing the ball
from outside the zone or while "diving" into it.
(4) Fundamental Skills:- The five basic skills in handball
are dribbling, passing, shooting, defense and position. It's similar to
the basic skills that basketball players learn to play their sport.
Dribbling in handball allows players to maintain ball control and
passing lets the ball move accurately between teammates.
(5) Sport terminology of handball:-
 Assault – Ball Block (blocking the ball)way.
C – Centre Back (CB)Centre Line Coach Coin Toss
Combination Corner Shot. Corner Throw.

Court Player Court Referee (CR)Crack Cross the Sideline

Crossed the Goal LineCutter Disqualification Dive Shot Down Dribble

Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. Archery
is a bow and
arrow sport that uses a bow and arrow to shoot at a target. The target often
consists of ten concentric circles, and points are awarded based on which
circle the bow lands in. Archery can be an individual activity/sport. It can also
be a team sport.

Archery requires a certain sequence to be followed. First, the archer must find a proper stance, then put the
arrow in the bow, grip the string, draw the bow, aim, and then release the arrow.

Before the archer is able to release the arrow, they must nock the arrow. The arrow has a notch, or nock, at the
end that must be appropriately placed on the bow string. Then the archer will pull the arrow and string back.
After this, the archer will aim and release the arrow. In tournaments and competitions, archers are generally
given 20 seconds to shoot each target. Gameplay usually involves 72 targets. The 72 targets are not shot
consecutively in a row, but rather they are shot in groups.