1.1.

What is E-commerce and different perspectives Of Ecommerce- E-commerce

stands for electronic commerce. E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods service or
the transmitting of funds or data over an electronic network primarily the internet.
Different perspectives for E-commerce: A communication perspective, A business
process perspective, A service perspective , An online perspective.

2.What is the different types of e-commerce- Business-to-Business (B2B):

Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods
or services conducted between companies. Producers and traditional commerce
wholesalers typically operate with this type of electronic commerce. Business-to-
Consumer (B2C):The Business-to-Consumer type of e-commerce is distinguished by the
establishment of electronic business relationships between businesses and final
consumers. It corresponds to the retail section of e-commerce, where traditional retail
trade normally operates. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
type e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or services conducted
between consumers. Consumer-to-Business (C2B): In C2B there is a complete reversal of
the traditional sense of exchanging goods. This type of e-commerce is very common in
crowdsourcing based projects. Business-to-Administration (B2A), Consumer-to-
Administration.

3.list some major advantage and disadvantages of e-commerce- 5 Advantages of E-

Commerce: Enhanced Customer Experience, E-commerce Benefits Businesses, Businesses
Can Target a Global Audience, E-commerce Benefits the Government Sector, Fewer
Overheads and More Savings disadvantages: No Brick-and-Mortar Store to Browse
Through, Shipping Times, No Sales During a Site Crash, Inflation concerns.

4.Mention some major application of e-commerce- Retail and wholesale, Online

booking, Online marketing, Manufacturing, E-banking, Mobile applications, Online
publishing, Online auction, Finance, Auctions

5.between e-commerce and e-business- Meaning: A. It refers to performing online

commercial transactions and activities over the internet A. It refers to performing every
type of business activity through the internet Scope: B. It is a narrow concept and is a
subset of e-business B. It is a broad concept and is a superset of e-commerce. Limitation:
C.E-commerce transactions are limited C.E-business transactions are not limited.
Transactions: D. Commercial transactions are carried out in e-commerce D. Business
transactions are carried out in e-business. Resources: E. It involves mandatory use of the
internet E. It consists of the use of the internet, extranet or intranet. 8.what is an
electronic payment system? Simply put, electronic payments allow customers to
pay for goods and services electronically. This is without the use of checks or cash.
Normally e-payment is done via debit cards, credit cards or direct bank deposits.
But there are also other alternative payment methods such as e-wallets and
cryptocurrencies. So if you’re looking to move your business online and create an
online store, you’ll need to have an eCommerce payment system in place to accept
payments online. Common Methods of E-Payment: Credit or Debit Card Payments,
Internet Banking, Direct Debit, E-Wallet, Store Credit Card.
10.Explain the requirement of payment system? When you purchase goods and
services online, you pay for them using an electronic medium. This mode of
payment , without using cash or cheque , is called e-commerce payment system
and is is also know online or electronic payment systems. The growing use of
internet-based banking and shopping and shopping has seen the growth of various
e commerce payment systems and technology has been developed to increase,
improve and provide secure e-payment transactions. Some of the modes of
electronic payments are following: Credit Cart, Debit Card, Smart Card, E-Money,
Electronic Fun transfer
13.What is ecommerce marketing? eCommerce marketing is a method of
promoting a business that sells its products or services through the Internet. The
goals of eCommerce marketing are driving traffic to the online store, converting
visitors to paying customers, and retaining them after a purchase. Types of
eCommerce Marketing: Pay-per-click advertising (PPC), Search Engine Optimization
(SEO), Web push marketing, Social media marketing (SMM), Chatbot marketing,
Influencer marketing, Affiliate marketing, Email marketing.
2.1.What is Web browser and web server? The web browser is an application
software to explore www (World Wide Web). It provides an interface between the
server and the client and requests to the server for web documents and services. It
works as a compiler to render HTML which is used to design a webpage. Whenever
we search for anything on the internet, the browser loads a web page written in
HTML, including text, links, images, and other items such as style sheets and
JavaScript functions. A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests
made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website
content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to users. Besides
HTTP, web servers also support SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File
Transfer Protocol), used for email, file transfer and storage.
2.Mention the common features of web server? Most web servers have features
that allow you to do the following: 1. Create one or more websites. (No I don't
mean build a set of web pages. What I mean is, set up the website in the web server,
so that the website can be viewed via HTTP) 2.Configure log file settings, including
where the log files are saved, what data to include on the log files etc. (Log files can
be used to analyses traffic etc.) 3.Configure website/directory security. For
example, which user accounts are/aren't allowed to view the website, which IP
addresses are/aren't allowed to view the website etc. 4.Create an FTP site. An FTP
site allows users to transfer files to and from the site. 5.Create virtual directories,
and map them to physical directories 6.Configure/nominate custom error pages.
This allows you to build and display user friendly error messages on your website.
For example, you can specify which page is displayed when a user tries to access a
page that doesn't exist (i.e. a 404 error).
3.Between HTTP and HTTPS? 1.HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
1.HTTPS for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure 2.HTTP is considered to be
unsecure 2.HTTPs is considered as secure 3.HTTP works at Application Layer
3.HTTPS works at Transport Layer 5. In HTTP, Encryption is absent 5. Encryption is
present in HTTPS 6.HTTP faster than HTTPS 6.HTTPS slower than HTTP
4.write down the basic concepts of making dynamic website? A dynamic website
is a set of pages, the content of which changes depending on the visitors’ locations,
past actions taken on the site, time zones, and more. In addition to HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript, a dynamic website uses a server-side scripting language like PHP or
Python. This enables connection with the database to allow for interactive features
and content changes.
5.what is web page and website? Give some examples of different popular
website with their specialty or between webpage and website? A collection of
web pages and media over the internet is called a website. The website can be
published on at least one web server and can be identified by a common domain
name, for example - javatpoint.com, google.com, youtube.com. All the websites
that are accessible publicly come under the World Wide Web. Different types of
websites: 1. Blogs: Blogs have been a most loved and preferred choice of websites
for individuals and families who wish to archive the huge events of their lives, for
example, weddings, babies or their precious moments. Nowadays, the cutting
option; blogging has gotten on the high tide and has become incredibly well known.
2. Business/Corporate Websites: A business site is any site that is committed to
depicting a particular business. It ought to be branded like the company (a similar
logo and positioning) and convey the sorts of items as well as services the
company/ business offers. At this point, each company out there, whether big or
small, ought to have a site. It's the need of the hour. 3. NGO /Non-Profit Websites
4. E-Commerce Websites: The websites where users can shop and makes
purchases are called E-Commerce Websites. All of would have used these sites a
myriad of times, and they have become a must-have for every selling business.
10. Briefly explain different uses of <meta> and <link> tag. meta tags live within
the head tag of the HTML document. The head tag is used for configuration the
HTML file. You use the head tag to add a title to the webpage, link to a CSS style
sheet, and define more information about the HTML document. meta tags
represent metadata. They are essentially used for defining and describing data
about data, and are used to add extra information to the data inside the webpage.
There are many meta tags. Some of them help improve the SEO (Search Engine
Optimization) of your website, making sure that the content of your site is relevant
to what people are searching for
3.1. Identify HTML elements that you can use inside the <head></head> element
and describe what they are used for? <head>: Defines information about the
document, <title>: Defines the title of a document, <base>: Defines a default
address or a default target for all links on a page, <link>: Defines the relationship
between a document and an external resource, <meta>: Defines metadata about
an HTML document, <script>:Defines a client-side script, <style>: Defines style
information for a document.
2. Explain <Meta> tag with example? HTML <meta> tag is used to represent the
metadata about the HTML document. It specifies page description, keywords,
copyright, language, author of the documents, etc. The metadata does not display
on the webpage, but it is used by search engines, browsers and other web services
which scan the site or webpage to know about the webpage. With the help of meta
tag, you can experiment and preview that how your webpage will render on the
browser. The <meta> tag is placed within the <head> tag, and it can be used more
than one times in a document.
3. What are the differences between HTML and XHTML? 1.Hypertext mark-up
language - - > HTML 1.Extensible Hypertext Mark-up Language - - > XHTML
2.Tim Berners created in 1991 2. World wide web consortium or W3C created in
2000 3.It stored in a document file format 3.It stored as a markup language format
4.html and .htm are the extensions used by HTML 4.xhtml, .xml and .xht are the file
extensions used by XHTML 5.We can add attributes without any quotes 5.It is
mandatory to add quotes on every attribute we declare
4. What is HTML attributes? Explain the HTML elements? HTML Attributes:
Attributes contain additional pieces of information. Attributes take the form of an
opening tag and additional info is placed inside. n example of an attribute is: <img
src="mydog.jpg" alt="A photo of my dog."> An HTML element is a component of
an HTML document that tells a web browser how to structure and interpret a part
of the HTML document. HTML elements can contain formatting instructions,
semantic meaning, and content. HTML elements label pieces of content such as
"this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
5. Discuss different types of links? In general, there are three types of links:
Internal links – hyperlinks that lead from one page to another within your own
website, External links – hyperlinks that lead from your website to another
resource, Backlinks – hyperlinks that lead from another site to yours.
6. What are the necessities of using HTML FORM? Explain HTML form tag with it's
different attributes? An HTML form is a section of a document which contains
controls such as text fields, password fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit
button, menus etc. <form>: It defines an HTML form to enter inputs by the used
side,<input>: It defines an input control, <textarea>:It defines a multi-line input
control, <label>: It defines a label for an input element, <select>:It defines a drop-
down list, <button>: It defines a clickable button. HTML form Tag: Action Attribute:
-This is used to send the data to the server after the submission of the form.
Method: -This is used to upload the data by using two methods that are Get and
Post Enctype attribute: -This attribute is used to specify that how a browser
decodes the data before it sends it to the server.
7. Write new input type available at HTML5. Describe 4 new input type with
examples? date: It allows the user to select a date from a drop-down calendar,
Date Time: It allows the user to select a date and time along with time zone,
DateTime-local: It allows the user to select a local date and time, week: It allows
the user to select a week and year from a drop-down calendar, month: It allows the
user to select a month and year from a drop-down calendar, URL: It allows the user
to enter a website URL, search: It's a text field for entering a search string, color: It
allows the user to select a color from the color picker
8. Write a code segment that will create a password field in HTML form? <form
action="/tutorial/action.html"> <label for="password">Password</label><br />
<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br /> <input
type="submit" value="Login"> </form>
9.What is tag? HTML tags are like keywords which defines that how web browser
will format and display the content. With the help of tags, a web browser can
distinguish between an HTML content and a simple content. HTML tags contain
three main parts: opening tag, content and closing tag. But some HTML tags are
unclosed tags.
4.1. What is CSS? CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML
elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of
work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
2. Write down the CSS syntax with example? CSS syntax is used to add CSS to an
HTML document. A CSS syntax consists of a selector and a declaration block. For
example, selector {property1: value; property2: value;}.
3. What three ways of inserting CSS in your HTML page and their priority level?
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet: External CSS ,Internal CSS Inline CSS.
Inline style: We add the styles within our HTML tags. This gets highest priority than
Internal and external defined styles. Let us try to add a background style to one h4
tag. Internal Style: This type of style is defined inside the body tag of the page. The
style defined here get priority over the external styles but after the Inline styles.
Here is an example of Internal styles. External Style sheets: These styles are kept
separately and called or linked from the required page. This is the syntax followed
for linking a external style sheet.
4. Write down different types of errors that may happen in CSS and explain how
to handle these errors. 12 Common CSS Mistakes Web Developers Make: 1. Not
Using a Proper CSS Reset, 2. Over-Qualifying Selectors, 3. Not Using Shorthand
Properties, 4. Using 0px instead of 0, 5. Using Color Names Instead of Hexadecimal,
6. Redundant Selectors, 7. Redundant Properties,8. Not Providing Fallback Fonts,
9. Unnecessary Whitespace,10. Not Organizing Your CSS in a Logical Way, 11. Using
Only One Stylesheet for Everything, 12. Not Providing a Print Stylesheet
5. Discuss CSS inheritance with example? CSS Inheritance: In CSS inheritance, the
child element will naturally inherit properties from its parent element. Here parent
class passes a CSS styling done as color to be red. Whereas the child classes
div1Child and div2Child have no rule set of color: red set to them but they got
displayed in red. CSS properties can be categorized in two types: inherited
properties, which by default are set to the computed value of the parent element
non-inherited properties, which by default are set to initial value of the property.
6. Explain margin, border and padding with CSS code? The box model has 4 main
properties – margin, border, padding & content, which help to create the design
and determine the layout of web pages. These properties can be given as: content:
This is one of the main part of the box model that contains text, images, videos,
links, etc, which can be resized using the height and width property. padding: It is
the property used to create space around the content inside the bordered region.
Example: padding: 20px 30px 50px 70px; border: It covers the area under content,
including the padding around the content Example: border: 20px 30px 50px 70px;
margin: This property refers to creating space around the element ie., around the
border area. Example: margin: 20px 30px 50px 70px;
5.1. What is scripting Language? A scripting language is a programming language
that is interpreted. It is translated into machine code when the code is run, rather
than beforehand. Scripting languages are often used for short scripts over full
computer programs. JavaScript, Python, and Ruby are all examples of scripting
languages.
2. What is JavaScript? Why JavaScript used in webpage design? JavaScript is a
scripting or programming language that allows you to implement complex features
on web pages — every time a web page does more than just sit there and display
static information for you to look at — displaying timely content updates,
interactive maps, animated 2D/3D graphics, scrolling video jukeboxes.
1.Autocomplete 2.loading new content nor data onto the page without reloading
the page 3.Rollover effects and dropdown menus 4.Animating page elements such
as fading, resizing or relocating 4.Playing audio and video 5.validating from web
forms 5.Repairing browser compatibility issues
3. Write down the difference between programming Language and scripting
language. 1.The scripting languages are interpreter-based languages 1.The
programming languages are compiler-based languages 2.VB Script, Perl, Ruby, PHP,
JavaScript, etc. 2.C, C++, COBOL, Basic, VB, C#, Pascal, Java, etc. 3.These involve
very low maintenance 3.These involve high maintenance 4.These make the coding
process simple and fast 4.These provide full usage of the languages 5.The scripting
languages help in combining the existing components of an application 5.The
programming languages help in developing anything from scratch.
4. Write down some common mistakes in JavaScript? 1.Accidentally Using the
Assignment Operator: JavaScript programs may generate unexpected results if a
programmer accidentally uses an assignment operator (=), instead of a comparison
operator (==) in an if statement. 2.Expecting Loose Comparison: In regular
comparison, data type does not matter. This if statement returns true. 3.Confusing
Addition & Concatenation: Addition is about adding numbers .Concatenation is
about adding strings. In JavaScript both operations use the same + operator.
4.Misunderstanding Floats: All numbers in JavaScript are stored as 64-bits Floating
point numbers (Floats). All programming languages, including JavaScript, have
difficulties with precise floating point values 5.Breaking a JavaScript String
6.Misplacing Semicolon
5. Explain document. getElementById() function with example? getElementById()
method. The getElementById() method of the Document interface returns an
Element object representing the element whose id property matches the specified
string. Since element IDs are required to be unique if specified, they're a useful way
to get access to a specific element quickly. document.getElementById("demo");
6. Describe Java Script object with example? In JavaScript, almost "everything" is
an object.1.Booleans can be objects (if defined with the new keyword) 2.Numbers
can be objects (if defined with the new keyword) 3.Strings can be objects (if defined
with the new keyword) 4.Dates are always objects 5.Maths are always objects
6.Regular expressions are always objects 7.Arrays are always objects 8.Functions
are always objects 9.Objects are always objects
7. Describe, with example, the syntax of declaring variable, array in is? Array
declaration syntax is very simple. The syntax is the same as for a normal variable
declaration except the variable name should be followed by subscripts to specify
the size of each dimension of the array. The general form for an array declaration
would be: VariableType varName[dim1, dim2, ..., dimN] where VariableType is a
Modelica type like Real or Integer, varName is the name of the variable.
8. Write a Java Script program to calculate the Fibonacci series
9. Write a Java Script program to find the factorial of a given number
10. Write a JavaScript program to find the minimum number among three
numbers.
6.1. What is PHP, What are the basic requirements to run PHP program? PHP is a
server side scripting language primarily for web development but also used as a
general purpose programming language. Hypertext Preprocessor. Three basic
requirement : 1. PHP server like XAMPP,WAMP Etc. 2. PHP editor like sublime Text
Notepad++ etc. 3.PHP supported web browse like Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome.
How PHP program run in –line: Set up a web server, Install PHP, Create PHP, Create
a PHP script, Access the PHP script.

2. How is PHP related with HTML? PHP (Hypertext preprocessor) is a server side
Scripting language, While HTML ( Hypertext markup language) is a markup
language used for structuring and presenting Web content. PHP and HTML are
often used together to create dynamic web page. Here’s How they are related:
Integration, server side processing , separation of concerns, Dynamic content
Tempting.
3. State and briefly describe the PHP data type? PHP allows eight different types
of data types. All of them are discussed below. The first five are called simple data
types and the last three are compound data types: Integer, Double, String, Null,
Boolean, Arrays( Numeric Array, Associative Array, Multidimensional Array),
Object, Resources.
4. Define "Converting Data Type", "Variable Scope", "Global Keyword", "Static
Variables", "Constant" in PHP? Converting Data Type: Types conversion is the
change of a certain variable form one type to another. PHP automatically convert
one type to another whenever possible. For example: if we assign a string value to
variable, this variable becomes a string variable. Variable Scope: In PHP, variables
can be declared anywhere in the script. The scope of a variable is the part of the
script where the variable can be referenced/used. PHP has three different variable
scopes: local, global static. Global Keyword: Global keyword is used when we want
to read or write any global variable value inside the function. The global keyword
used for a variable declared outside the function does not have any effect on it.
Static Variables: A static variable is the attribute of PHP to erase the variable once
it finishes its execution and the memory is liberated. Constant: A constant is an
identifier (name) for a simple value. The value cannot be changed during the script.
A valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore (no $ sign before the
constant name)
5. Write down the different ways of declaring array in PHP? An array is special
variable, which can hold more than one value at time. In PHP there are three types
of array: 1.Index array-Array with a numeric index 2.Associative arrays- array with
name keys 3.Multidimesional array- Array containing one or more arrays. Indexed
Arrays: There are two ways to create indexed arrays- $cars = array("Volvo",
"BMW", "Toyota"); 2.$cars[0] = "Volvo"; $cars[1] = "BMW"; $cars[2] = "Toyota";
Associative Arrays: There are two ways to create an associative array: $age =
array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43"); 2.$age['Peter'] = "35";
$age['Ben'] = "37"; $age['Joe'] = "43"; Multidimensional Arrays: For a two-
dimensional array you need two indices to select an element. For a three-
dimensional array you need three indices to select an element.
6. Write down the difference types of super global variable with their
functionality? $GLOBALS is the super global variable that stores all user-defined
global variables. $_SERVER contains data about headers, scripts, and paths.
$_REQUEST stores data input in the form of HTTP POST, GET and Cookies. $_POST
stores data input in the form of POST requests. $_GET has data input in the form
of GET requests. $_FILES is a two-dimensional associative array that contains a list
of files that were uploaded to the script using the POST method. $_COOKIES keeps
data input via HTTP Cookies. $_SESSION holds session variables.
7. Write down the differences between GET and POST method? A.URL A.POST B.
Can be seen by anyone B. Doesn’t display variables in url C. Up to 2000 character
C. Up to 8 MB D. Method can be cached D. Does not cache the data
8. Explain with example use of session and cookie variable in static management?
1. Sessions are server-side files that contain user data 1.Cookies are client-side files
on a local computer that hold user information 2.When the user quits the browser
or logs out of the programmed, the session is over 2.Cookies end on the lifetime
set by the user 3.It can hold an indefinite quantity of data 3.It can only store a
certain amount of info 4.Session are more secured compare than cookies 4.Cookies
are not secured
9. Explain advantages and disadvantages of MySQL? Advantages: 1.Reduced Total
Cost of Ownership 2.Portability 3.Seamless Connectivity 4.Rapid Development and
Round-the-Clock Uptime 5.Data Security Disadvantages: 1. MySQL lower version
(5.0 or less) doesn't support ROLE, COMMIT and stored procedure. 2. MySQL does
not support a very large database size as efficiently. 3. MySQL doesn't handle
transactions very efficiently and it is prone to data corruption.
10. write down the steps of basic PHP MySQL connection with simple code. Exam-
kit
12. What is URL encoding with examples? Some characters cannot be part of a URL
(for example, the space) and some other characters have a special meaning in a
URL. In HTML forms, the character = is used to separate a name from a value. The
URI generic syntax uses URL encoding to deal with this problem, while HTML forms
make some additional substitutions rather than applying percent encoding for all
such characters. Example chat
13. What are the features that made MySQL a popular database management
system for web server? Data security , on demand scalability, High performance,
Round the Clock Uptime, comprehensive Transactional Support, Complete
workflow control, Reduced Total cost of ownership, The flexibility of open source
14. What are the techniques used for form validation and verification in PHP? An
HTML form contains various input fields such as text box, checkbox, radio buttons,
submit button, and checklist, etc. These input fields need to be validated, which
ensures that the user has entered information in all the required fields and also
validates that the information provided by the user is valid and correct. There is no
guarantee that the information provided by the user is always correct. PHP
validates the data at the server-side, which is submitted by HTML form. You need
to validate a few things: Empty String , Validate String, Validate Numbers ,Validate
Email ,Validate URL , Input length