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METRIC
MIL-PRF-17331J
09 September 2003
SUPERSEDING
MIL-PRF-17331H(SH)
23 January 1984

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

LUBRICATING OIL, STEAM TURBINE

AND GEAR, MODERATE SERVICE

This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of
Defense.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This specification covers a single classification of steam turbine and gear lubricating
oil, moderate service, for use in main and auxiliary turbines and gears, air compressors, and certain
hydraulic equipment, as well as for general mechanical lubrication. The lubricating oil will be identified
as follows:

Military symbol NATO symbol

2190 TEP O-250

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3 and 4 of this
specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification or
recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the
completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements
documents cited in sections 3 and 4 of this specification, whether or not they are listed.

1 should be addressed to Commander, Naval Sea

Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document
Systems Command, ATTN: SEA 05Q, 1333 Isaac Hull Avenue, SE, Stop 5160, Washington Navy Yard
DC 20376-5160 or emailed to [email protected], with the subject line “Document
Comment”. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address
information using the ASSIST Online database at www.dodssp.daps.mil.

AMSC N/A FSC 9150

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2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and
handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of these documents are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of
Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).

STANDARDS
FEDERAL
FED-STD-791 - Lubricants, Liquid Fuels, and Related Products; Methods of Testing

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks are
available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4/D,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or http://astimage.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or www.dodssp.daps.mil.)

2.2.2 Other Government Documents.

BUMED INST 6270.8 - Procedures for Obtaining Health Hazard Assessments Pertaining to
Operational Use of Hazardous Material.

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above document are available from Bureau of
Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, 2300 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20372-5300 or
https://bumed.med.navy.mil.)

S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U) - Nuclear-Powered Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual,

Chapter 7

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above document are available from Commander Naval
Sea Systems Command, ATTN: SEA 05Z9, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave., SE, Stop 5133, Washington Navy
Yard DC 20376-5133 or https://smcl.dt.navy.mil/.)

2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to
the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DoD
adopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified,
the issues of documents not listed in the DoDISS are the issues of the documents cited in the solicitation.
(See 6.2.)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes. (DoD
adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11
West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036 or www.ansi.org.)

ASTM INTERNATIONAL

D92 - Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester. (DoD adopted)
D95 - Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation. (DoD
adopted)

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D97 - Pour Point of Petroleum Products. (DoD adopted)

D129 - Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method). (DoD adopted)
D130 - Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip
Tarnish Test. (DoD adopted)
D287 - API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method).
(DoD adopted)
D445 - Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity). (DoD adopted)
D665 - Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water.
(DoD adopted)
D892 - Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils. (DoD adopted)
D943 - Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils. (DOD adopted)
D974 - Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration. (DoD adopted)
D1298 - Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum
and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method. (DoD adopted)
D1401 - Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids. (DOD adopted).
D1552 - Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method). (DoD adopted)
D2272 - Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel. (DOD
adopted)
D2622 - Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry. (DoD adopted)
D2783 - Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball
Method).
D3427 - Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils.
D4052 - Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter. (DOD adopted)
D4057 - Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, (DOD adopted)
D4310 - Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils.
D4898 - Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis. (DOD
adopted)
D4927 - Standard Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive
Components—Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. (DOD adopted)
D5182 - Evaluating the Scuffing Load Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method).
D5950 - Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method).
D6443 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium,
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives by
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical Correction
Procedure).
D6481 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc
in Lubrication Oils by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
E29 - Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with
Specifications. (DOD adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428 or www.astm.org.)

2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the
references cited herein (except for related associated detail specifications, specifications, specification
sheets or MS standards), the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however,
supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

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3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General. For purposes of determining conformance with each requirement, an observed
value or calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures
used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding-off procedure given in ASTM E29.

3.2 Qualification. The lubricating oil furnished under this specification shall be products
authorized by the qualifying activity for listing on the applicable Qualified Products List (QPL) before
contract award (See 4.2 and 6.3).

3.2.1 Re-qualification. Products shall be re-qualified every 5 years. In addition, any changes in
the formulation of the product submitted for qualification testing shall be cause for re-qualification of the
product. If only base oil materials have changed from the sample at qualification, the Scuffing Load
Capacity (FZG) shall be determined in addition to those quality conformance tests specified in 4.4.

3.3 Material. The lubricating oil shall be a stable, homogeneous blend of virgin petroleum
lubricating oil stocks plus additive agents, if necessary, to meet the requirements of this specification.
However, the use of additives to improve the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the base stocks is
not permitted, although additives, in quantities up to 0.5 percent by weight, may be used to meet the pour
point requirement. Additives, if used, shall not contain chlorine or zinc materials. Additive components as
contained in the sample tested and granted qualification approval shall not be changed without approval
of the qualifying activity.

3.4 Bearing compatibility. The lubricating oil shall be noncorrosive to the bearing materials of
the equipment. Acceptable results from the corrosion test (copper strip) and the bearing compatibility test
as specified in table I will be considered as evidence of noncorrosiveness to bearing materials.

3.5 Oil compatibility. The lubricating oil shall be compatible with reference oils furnished by
the Government. (See 4.10.)

3.6 Homogeneity. Additive agents, when used, shall remain uniformly distributed throughout
the oil at all temperatures above the pour point and up to 121°C (250°F). If the oil is cooled below its
pour point, it shall regain its homogeneity at temperatures of 6°C (10°F) above its pour point and shall
retain that homogeneity up to 121°C (250°F). (See 4.6)

3.7 Chemical and physical. The lubricating oil shall conform to the chemical and physical
requirements as specified in Table I.

3.8 Lot acceptance requirements. The results from each sample selected as specified in 4.4,
when tested as specified in Table I, shall not vary from the analysis of the sample given qualification
approval by more than the tolerances listed below:

Gravity, degrees API - plus or minus 1.0

Sulfur, percent - plus or minus 20% of original value(1)
Viscosity
Centistokes kinematic at 40°C (104°F) - plus or minus 8(2)
Centistokes kinematic at 100°C (212°F) - plus or minus 1(2)
Centistokes kinematic at 4.4°C (40°F) - maximum 870
Pour point, °C - plus 3(2)
Oxidation by rotating bomb - minus 15 percent maximum
____________________

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(1)
For oils qualified below 0.15 percent sulfur: No minimum restriction. Plus .08
percent allowable.
(2)
Shall meet requirements of this specification (see Table I).

If base oil materials have changed from the sample at qualification, the above sulfur tolerance does
not apply and the Scuffing Load Capacity (FZG) shall be determined in addition to those conformance
tests specified in 4.4

3.9 Toxicity. The lubricating oil shall have no adverse effect on the health of personnel when
used for its intended purpose. The lubricating oil shall be assessed by the Navy Environmental Health
Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN) using the administrative Health Hazard Assessment (HHA). A
flowchart for this process can be found as enclosure (1) of BUMEDINST 6270.8. The HHA is a review
of the oil based on information submitted by the manufacturer, to assess health hazards associated with
the handling, application, use and removal of the product. The lubricating oil shall not cause any
environmental problems during waste disposal. (See 4.8 and 6.7).

3.10 Off-gassing. The lubricating oil shall meet the requirements in the Nuclear Powered
Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual, NAVSEA Technical Manual S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U), for a
usage category of Limited. (See 4.7 and 6.6).

3.11 Ozone depleting substances (ODS). The use of ODS in the composition of the lubricating
oil under this specification directly or referenced in any federal test method is hereto prohibited.
Environmentally safe and non-ODS alternative solvents shall be substituted in test methods for any
previously specified ODS such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichlorofluoroethane, perchloroethane or other
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). A dehydrated mixture of primary alcohol such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol
and non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent resulting in a minimum flash point of 140°F plus adequate solvent
action shall be used as an alternative for any ODS.

3.12 Tricresyl phosphate. If Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as an antiwear additive, not more
than 1.0 percent of the additive shall be the ortho isomer.

3.13 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP). The addition of DTBP (Chemical Abstract Service

Number 128-39-2) in any lubricating oil produced under the military symbol 2190 and NATO symbol 0-
250 is prohibited; this applies to both surface ships and submarine use. DTBP shall not be intentionally
added to the oil. The level of DTBP, if detected, shall not exceed 10 parts per million. (See 4.9)

4. VERIFICATION

4.1 Classification of inspections. The inspection requirements specified herein are classified as
follows:

a. Qualification inspection. (see 4.2).

b. Conformance inspection. (see 4.4).

4.2 Qualification inspection. Qualification tests shall be conducted at a laboratory satisfactory to

NAVSEA. Qualification inspection shall consist of all of the tests as specified in 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 and Table I.
A minimum sample size of 30 gallons is required for this testing.

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TABLE I. Chemical and physical requirements and test methods.

Characteristics Requirement Test Method

(ASTM or other)
Sulfur, % (1) D129, D1552, D2622,
D4927, D6443, D6481
Acid Number, mg KOH/g oil, max 0.3 D974
Corrosion (in presence of salt water) None D665, Procedure B (2)
Corrosion test at 100°C (212°F), (Copper strip) 1 D130
appearance, max
Bearing compatibility Pass (3)
Oil Compatibility Pass See 4.10
Water, percent None D95
Gravity, API (1) D287, D1298, D4052
Air release time, (mins. at 50°C, max) 20 D3427
Flash point, °C (°F), min 204 (400) D92
Pour point, °C (°F), max -6 (20) D97, D5950
Viscosity: D445
Centistokes at 4.4°C (40°F), max 870
Centistokes at 40°C (104°F) 74-97
Centistokes at 100°C (212°F), Min 8.0
Emulsion test, after 30 minutes settling time 41/-/3 D1401(4)
Oil layer/water layer/emulsion, maximum
Oxidation test, time required in hours to reach 1000 D943
neutralization value of 2.0 mg KOH, min
After 1000 hours:
Total sludge, mg maximum 100 D4310
Total iron, mg maximum 100 D4310(5)
Total copper, mg maximum 100 D4310
Oxidation by rotating bomb (1) D2272
Scuffing Load Capacity(FZG), Failure Load Load Stage 9 D5182
Stage
Wear test, scar diameter, mm, max .33 D2783
Homogeneity, separation None See 4.6
Foam characteristics: D892(6)(7)
After blowing/after 10 minutes
Sequence 1, mL max 65/0
Sequence 2, mL max 65/0
Sequence 3, mL max 65/0
Cleanliness, mg/100 mL max 4.0 D4898 (8)
Valve sticking characteristics Pass See Appendix A

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Notes:

(1) No limiting requirements. In conformance testing, values are compared to qualification results. (See 3.8).
(2) Prior to the test, the oil shall be water -washed as follows: 300 grams of the oil to be tested shall be
stirred with 50 grams of water for 30 minutes at 90 °C (194 °F) using the beaker and stirrer as
specified in ASTM D665. After 30 minutes stirring, the mixture shall be transferred to a separatory
funnel and left to separate; then the water layer shall be drawn off and the oil submitted to the salt-
water corrosion test. The test shall be run for 24 hours.
(3) Method used shall be FED-STD 791 Method 3452. Evidence of significant corrosion or deposit will
be disqualifying. A new bearing is required for each test. The work factor portion of Method 3452 is
not required.
(4) Distilled water and stirring temperature of 54°C (130°F) shall be used. Discrete water droplets
entrained in the oil layer and clinging to the wall of the cylinder may be added to the water layer
volume at the rate of 0.1 mL per droplet. The results shall be reported using the format of oil
layer/water layer/ emulsion layer (time in minutes). There is no requirement for water layer. The
emulsion limit applies to any of the three types of emulsions defined in the test method. If more than
one emulsion type is present, the 3 mL maximum limit applies to the combined volume of the
different emulsion types.
(5) Determine total iron content using the procedure and calculations described in sections 12 and 13 of
ASTM D4310, except substitute iron in place of copper where appropriate.
(6) Option A shall not be used.
(7) A ring of bubbles around the edge of the graduate shall be considered complete collapse or 0 mL.
(8) Test sample in accordance with ASTM D4898 using 0.8-micrometer pore diameter membrane filters.

4.3 Sampling for conformance.

4.3.1 Inspection lot.

4.3.1.1 At place of manufacture. For the purpose of sampling, one lot of lubricating oil shall
consist of a manufacturer’s batch. When material cannot be identified by batch, a lot shall consist of not
more than 38 m3 (10,000 gallons).

4.3.1.2 At place of delivery. For the purpose of sampling, one lot of lubricating oil shall consist
of all oil in a single shipment.

4.3.2 Sampling a storage tank. A representative sample of 5 gallons of lubricating oil shall be
taken from each lot in accordance with ASTM D4057.

4.3.3 Sampling during loading. Samples shall be drawn at the discharge pipe where it enters the
bulk carriers (tank cars, tank trucks and so forth). At least four samples shall be taken at regular intervals
during the entire period of loading or filling, each sample being 1 pint. Only one sample for one
continuous drum filling operation is required and shall be taken after approximately 10 percent of the
volume of product has been drummed.

4.3.4 Sampling of filled containers. Where the lubricating oil is contained in drums or cans,
quart samples shall be drawn from four randomly selected drums in the lot and composited, unless the lot
consists of less than five containers, in which case a one gallon sample shall be drawn from one drum.
The contents of each container to be sampled shall be shaken, rolled or stirred to mix the contents

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thoroughly. Equal portions shall be withdrawn from approximately the center of each drum by means of a
thief or other sampling device.

4.4 Conformance inspection. Each sample selected as specified in 4.3 shall be tested as specified
in Table I except that the bearing compatibility, scuffing load capacity (FZG), oxidation test (ASTM
D943), wear test, compatibility, homogeneity and valve sticking tests will not be required.

4.4.1 Rejection of lots. When the sample of lubricating oil fails any of the tests, this shall be cause
for rejection of the lot represented by the sample.

4.5 Examination of filled containers. A random sample of filled containers shall be selected
from each lot in accordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 at inspection level II to verify compliance regarding
fill, closure, marking, and other requirements not involving tests. Samples shall be examined for defects
of the container and the closure, for evidence of leakage, and for unsatisfactory markings. Each container
shall also be weighed to determine quantity. Any container in the sample having one or more defects or
under required fill shall be cause for rejection of the container.

4.6 Homogeneity. After determining the pour point of the oil, return test jar and oil to cooling
bath. Cool to 6°C (10°F) below the pour point and hold at that temperature for 3 hours. Remove the jar of
oil from cooling bath and allow to warm to room temperature. Next, place jar and oil in oil bath, bring
temperature of bath to 121 ± 2.8°C (250 ± 5°F) and hold at test temperature for 1 hour. Remove jar of oil
from oil bath and allow to cool in air to room temperature. Examine test oil visually for sediment or
separation of insoluble material at temperatures from 6oC (10F) above the pour point and up to 121oC
(250oC). (See 3.6.)

4.7 Off-gassing. The lubricating oil shall be tested in accordance with the Nuclear Powered
Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual, NAVSEA Technical Manual S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U), by a
Government approved testing facility. The results shall be submitted to the Government for evaluation
and approval for use. (See 3.10 and 6.6.)

4.8 Toxicity. To determine conformance to the requirements of 3.9, the lubricating oil shall be
evaluated using the HHA process. Sufficient data to permit a HHA of the product shall be provided by
the manufacturer/distributor to the NAVENVIRHLTHCEN. To obtain current technical information
requirements specified by the NAVENVIRHLTHCEN, see 6.7.

4.9 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP). Analytical data from a NAVSEA-approved laboratory shall

be submitted to document relative absence of DTBP, and, if detected, shall not exceed 10 ppm. (See
3.13.)

4.10 Oil compatibility. Oil shall be considered compatible with the referenced oils furnished by
the Government if 1:1 mixtures of a test oil with all reference oils give passing values on the oxidation
(ASTM D943), corrosion (salt water), foam and emulsion tests. (See 3.5.)

5. PACKAGING

5.1 Packaging. For acquisition purposes, the packaging requirements shall be as specified in the
contract or order. (See 6.2.) When actual packaging of materiel is to be performed by DoD personnel,
these personnel need to contact the responsible packaging activity to ascertain requisite packaging
requirements. Packaging requirements are maintained by the Inventory Control Point’s packaging activity
within the Military Department or Defense Agency, or within the Military Department’s System

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Command. Packaging data retrieval is available from the managing Military Department or Defense
Agency’s automated packaging files, CD-ROM products or by contacting the responsible packaging
activity.

6. NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is
not mandatory.)

6.1 Intended use. The lubricant is intended for use in main and auxiliary turbines and gears, air
compressors and certain hydraulic equipment, as well as for general mechanical lubrication.

6.2 Acquisition requirements. Acquisition documents must specify the following:

a. Title, number and date of this specification.

b. Issue of DoDISS to be cited in the solicitation, and if required, the specific issue of
individual documents referenced (See 2.2.1).

c. Quantity.

d. Packaging required (See 5.1).

6.3 Qualification. With respect to products requiring qualification, awards will be made only for
products which are, at the time of contract award, qualified for inclusion in Qualified Products List QPL-
17331 whether or not such products have actually been so listed by that date. The attention of the
contractors is called to these requirements, and manufacturers are urged to arrange to have the products
that they propose to offer to the Federal Government tested for qualification in order that they may be
eligible to be awarded contracts or purchase orders for the products covered by this specification.
Information pertaining to qualification of products may be obtained from Commander, Naval Sea
Systems Command, ATTN: SEA 05Q, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave., SE, Stop 5160, Washington Navy Yard DC
20376-5160.

6.4 Material safety data sheets (MSDS). Contracting officers will identify those activities
requiring copies of completed MSDS prepared in accordance with FED-STD-313. In order to obtain the
MSDS, FAR clause 52.223-3 must be in the contract.

6.5 International interest. Certain provisions of this specification are the subject of international
standardization agreement NATO-STANAG-1135. When amendment, revision or cancellation of this
specification is proposed which will modify the international agreement concerned, the preparing activity
will take appropriate reconciliation action through international standardization channels including
departmental standardization offices to change the agreement or make other appropriate accommodations.

6.6 Off-gassing. Materials to be installed in submarines are to be controlled to prevent off-

gassing, which contaminates the atmosphere and results in health hazards to personnel or deleterious
effects on machinery. These controls are accomplished through the Submarine Material Control Program,
which is described in the Nuclear Powered Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual, NAVSEA Technical
Manual S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U). Under the Submarine Material Control Program, all materials
considered for use on submarines require certification and assignment of a usage category. Under the
certification process, candidate materials are selected by Navy activities or contractors, and a request for
certification is submitted to Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, ATTN: SEA 05Z9, 1333 Isaac

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Hull Ave., SE, Stop 5122, Washington Navy Yard DC 20376-5122. The certification request is
accompanied by detailed information, including descriptions of the material. A chemical analysis is
conducted, which is normally accomplished through off-gas testing. The off-gas test is required to be
conducted in a Government approved laboratory designated by the preparing activity. Information
pertaining to this test requirement may be obtained from Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command,
ATTN: SEA 05Z9, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave., SE, Stop 5160, Washington Navy Yard DC 20376-5160. Based
on the chemical analysis results, a usage category is assigned to the material defining whether, and to
what extent, the material may be used on submarines.

6.7 Toxicity evaluation. The NAVENVIRHLTHCEN requires sufficient information to permit

a HHA of the product. Any questions concerning toxicity and requests for HHA should be addressed to
the Commanding Officer, Navy Environmental Health Center, Attn: Hazardous Materials Department,
Industrial Hygiene Directorate, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 20378-2103.
Upon receipt of the HHA, a copy should be provided to Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command,
ATTN: SEA 05M3, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave., SE, Stop 5133, Washington Navy Yard DC 20376-5133.

6.8 Subject term (Key word) listing

2190 tep
Air compressors
Bearings
Gas turbine auxiliaries
Line shaft bearings

6.9 Changes from previous issue. Marginal annotations are not used in this revision to identify
changes with respect to the previous issue due to the extent of the changes.

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APPENDIX A

VALVE-STICKING CHARACTERISTICS

A.1 SCOPE

A.1.1 Scope. This appendix outlines a procedure to determine the valve-sticking tendency of
candidate oils when used with shipboard hydraulic control valves. This appendix is a mandatory part of
the specification. The information contained herein is intended for compliance.

A.1.2 Summary. The procedure consists of measuring the actuation force required to shift the
spool of shipboard hydraulic control valves after 24 hours of static contact with candidate fluid, when
tested as specified herein.

A.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

A.2.1 Government documents.

A.2.1.1 Specifications. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of
this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS)
and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).

SPECIFICATION
MILITARY
MIL-PRF-680 - Degreasing Solvent

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks
are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4/D,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or http://astimage.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or www.dodssp.daps.mil.)

A.3 EQUIPMENT

A.3.1 Apparatus. The test apparatus is shown schematically on figure 1. It consists of the
following:

a. Two 20-L (5-gallon) sumps, high density polyethylene with spigot at the bottom.
b. Air operated piston pump capable of 1 liter/minute (L/min) capacity at 20.7 megapascals
(MPa) (3000 pounds per square inch (lb/in2)).
c. Two accumulators, bladder type, 4L (1 gallon) capacity each with a nitrogen precharge
of 10 MPa (1500 lb/in2).
d. Flow control valves, eight, each 20.7 MPa (3000 lb/in2) rating.
e. Test valves, one each Bendix models 3191350-1 and 3188561-4.
f. Pressure control switch capable of maintaining 20.7 ± 1.7 MPa (3000 ± 250 lb/in2).
g. Pressure gauge, 0-34.5 MPa (0-5000 lb/in2).
h. Enclosure capable of maintaining 38 ± 1°C (100 ± 1.8°F).
i. Waste oil container.

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A.3.2 Materials. The materials shall consist of the following:

a. Test oil, 20 L (5 gallons), meeting cleanliness requirement as specified in table I.

b. Solvents: MIL-PRF-680, Type III.

FIGURE 1. Hydraulic valve test loop.

A.4 TEST PROCEDURE.

A.4.1 Test valve cleaning. The test valves shall be cleaned by flushing with solvent as
described in A.4.2. If the actuation force increases when testing with the reference test fluid compared
with previous runs, the valves shall be disassembled and cleaned. The pipe loop shall be dismantled at all
take-down joints and the fluid allowed to drain. The valves shall be disassembled, and the spool,
packings, o-rings and sleeve assemblies examined. After removal of the o-rings and packings, the valve
bodies, spools, sleeve assemblies and other dismantled parts shall be cleaned under a laboratory fume
hood by rinsing first with hexane(s), heptane, or naphtha and then with isopropyl alcohol. Solvents shall
be particularly free and dry. Should any evidence of deposits still remain, the parts shall be cleaned
further by wiping with a soft, lint-free cloth, wet with isopropyl alcohol. Discard any o-rings or packings
which appear damaged. Place o-rings or packings back on parts after they have dried.

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MIL-PRF-17331J

A.4.2 Sump cleaning. The sump is drained of oil and rinsed four times with MIL-PRF-680,
Type III and air dried.

A.4.3 System cleaning. With valves V1 and V2 removed from their base plates and other
valves open, MIL-PRF-680, Type III solvent shall be pumped through the system lines until there is no
evidence of previous test oil being present. Add test oil to the sump and pump the test oil through the
system lines to valves V1 and V2.

A.4.4 System flushing. Connect the pump suction to the MIL-PRF-680, Type III solvent sump
and flush the system with solvent according to the following procedure:

a. Flush the pump: Close the supply valve V5. Open the bypass valve V6 to the waste oil
container. Start the pump and flush until new fluid is being discharged. Secure the pump.

b. Flush the accumulators: Close V5 and V6. Start the pump and charge the accumulators to 15
MPa (2000 lb/in2). Secure the pump. Open V6 to discharge the accumulators to the waste oil
container. Charge and discharge the accumulators a second time. Close V6.

c. Flush the lines and valve manifolds. Open V5 and start the pump. Flush until new fluid is
discharged from both manifolds. Secure the pump.

d. Flush the test valves: Install V1 and V2. Close V6. Open V3, V4, V5, V7 and V8. Open V1
(See NOTE 1). Center V2. Start the pump. Adjust system pressure to 3.4 MPa (500 lb/in2)
using V4. Cycle test valve V1 10 times (See NOTE 2). Center V1. Open V2 (See NOTE 3).
Adjust system pressure to 3.4 MPa (500 lb/in2) using V3. Cycle test valve V2 ten times (See
NOTE 2).

NOTE 1. V1 is open when it is shifted to one of its extreme positions. This is the same
direction the valve is pulled while making the valve actuating force measurements.
NOTE 2. A valve cycle consists of starting at the center position, moving the spool to one
extreme position, reversing to the other extreme position and returning to center.
NOTE 3. V2 is open when in either extreme position.

e. Center test valves V1 and V2. Close V3 and V4. Charge the accumulators to 20.7 MPa (3000
lb/in2). Secure the pump. Cycle test valve V1, dropping system pressure 1.4 MPa (200 lb/in2)
per cycle, until the accumulators are discharged. Valve V4 is used to control the rate of
pressure drop. Recharge accumulators and repeat for test valve V2, using V3 to control the
rate of pressure drop. Oven valve V6.

f. Connect the pump suction to the test oil sump and repeat the flushing procedure with test oil.

A.4.5 Test operation.

A.4.5.1 After flushing the system with test oil, measure each test valve actuation force at 0 MPa
(0 lb/in2) and return the valve spool to the center position. Repeat for each test valve until three
consecutive measurements are within a 2.2 N (0.5 lbf) range, which does not exceed 45 N (10 lbf).

A.4.5.2 Center test valves V1 and V2, close valves V3, V4, V7 and V8, and open valves V9 and
V10. Start pump and charge accumulators to 20.7 MPa (3000 lb/in2).

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A.4.5.3 Repeat the procedure specified in A.4.5.1 and measure each test valve actuation force.
Complete the valve cycle to return the spools to the center positions.

A.4.5.4 Center the test valve spools. Bring the system toa temperature of 38 ± 1°C (100 ±
1.8°F)., Allow valves to remain at these conditions undisturbed for 24 hours. Measure valve fluid leakage
rates during the first 2 hours and at end of the 24-hour period.

A.4.5.5 After the 24-hour period, measure actuation force for each test valve. Complete the
valve cycle to return the spool to the center positions.

A.4.5.6 Close valves V9 and V10. Open valves V7 and V8. Secure the pump. Using valve V4
to control rate of pressure drop through V1, and V3 to control rate of pressure drop through V2, reduce
system pressure to 0 MPa (0 lb/in2) by alternately cycling each test valve (V1 and V2) three times,
allowing a 2.8 MPa (400 lb/in2) pressure drop for each cycle. Open valve V6.

A.5 RATING

A.5.1 Rating. A passing rating is given to a candidate oil when the initial actuation force after
the 24-hour aging for each test valve (See A.4.5.5) averages 20 lbf (89 N) or less with no individual initial
actuation force exceeding 25 lbf (111 N).

Preparing activity:
Navy - SH
(Project 9150-1246)

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