CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY (LAB)
MT57
D 90:
Name: Cuarteros, criszandro mark a.
Date: February ##, 2025
Year/Block: BSMLS-2E
A. Applicator stick B. beaker
Used for applying or transferring small amounts of A cylindrical container with a spout used for
substances in laboratory procedures, such as mixing, heating, and measuring liquid volumes in
microbiological specimen collection. approximate amounts.
c. Capillary tube d. Plain test tube
A thin, narrow tube used to collect small blood Used for holding, mixing, and heating small
samples, especially in hematocrit determination amounts of liquids in laboratory experiments.
and microfluidic applications.
(8x75, 12x75, 13x100, 15x100)
e. test tube brush f. conical centrifuge tube with
Designed for cleaning test tubes and other narrow
graduation
Used for centrifugation, allowing separation of
laboratory glassware.
substances based on density; marked with
graduations for measuring liquid volume.
g. cover glass h. cover slip
A thin glass piece placed over a specimen on a A small, thin glass sheet that covers specimens on
slide to protect it and improve microscopic a microscope slide, reducing contamination and
examination. preventing dehydration.
i. disposable pasteur pipette j. evacuated needle
A plastic pipette used for transferring small liquid A sterile, hollow needle used for venipuncture to
volumes without the need for measurement draw blood into an evacuated tube.
precision.
k. evacuated tube L. filter paper
A sterile, vacuum-sealed tube used for blood A sterile, hollow needle used for venipuncture to
collection which may or may not contain additives.. draw blood into an evacuated tube.
Red Top Tube: Purple Top Tube:
Used for serum collection in Contains EDTA, used for
clinical chemistry and serology. hematology tests (e.g., CBC).
M. forceps N. hypodermic needle
Used for grasping, holding, or manipulating small Used for injecting or withdrawing fluids; lower
laboratory objects or biological specimens. gauge numbers indicate larger diameters.
18G 19G 20G 21G 22G 23G
0. hypodermic syringe p. inoculating loop
Used for precise administration or withdrawal of Used for transferring and streaking
fluids, such as medications or biological samples. microorganisms in microbiological cultures.
q. inoculating needle r. koplin jar with cover
Used for transferring microbes, particularly for A glass container used for staining microscope
deep inoculation into media. slides during histology or microbiology
procedures.
s. laboratory film t. wash bottle
A stretchable sealing film used to cover A plastic squeeze bottle used to dispense distilled
laboratory containers, preventing contamination water or cleaning solutions in laboratories.
and evaporation.
Parafilm: Nescofilm:
Flexible, temporary seal that Stronger, longer-lasting seal,
can be easily removed. especially in environments
with harsh chemicals.
u. lancet v. microscope slide
A small, sharp instrument used for capillary blood A flat glass or plastic plate used to hold and
collection by making a controlled puncture in the support specimens for microscopic examination.
skin.
Frosted Edge
Clear Glass Round Edge
Needle Blade
w. needle cutter x. pipette tips
A device used to safely cut and dispose of Disposable attachments for micropipettes that
hypodermic needles to prevent injuries. allow precise liquid transfer without cross-
contamination.
Yellow: Blue:
For medium volumes For large volumes
(10-200 uL). (100-1000 uL).
Y. Balance
A device used to measure the mass of substances accurately.
Analytical: Rough:
High-precision Less precise, used for quick measurements of
balance used larger sample weights.
for measuring
small masses
with high
accuracy.
Z. Clinical centrifuge, table top
A compact centrifuge
used to separate
blood components,
urine sediments, or
other biological
samples.
AA. Microhematocrit centrifuge
A high-speed
centrifuge specifically
used to determine
packed cell volume
(hematocrit) in blood
samples.
Parts and Functions of a Compound Microscope
F. Eyepiece
B. Binocular
observation tube
q. Arm
e. Diopter
adjustment
ring
O. Revolving
nosepiece H/J. Frame
L. Objective
i. Scanner
Ii. Low power
Iii. High power M. Mechanical
IV. Oil immersion stage
N. Stage clip
K. Main switch
I. Light
A. Aperture iris
intensity
diaphragm ring
adjustment
knob
D. Condenser
G. Fine
adjustment
knob
P. Base
C. Coarse
adjustment
knob
R. Stage control
Parts and functions of a Compound Microscope
A. Aperture iris diaphragm ring L. Objective
Regulates the amount of light passing through the Magnifies the specimen and provides primary
specimen to enhance contrast and image clarity. image formation for detailed observation
i. Scanner (4x)
B. Binocular observation tube
Provides the lowest magnification, used for
Holds the eyepieces and allows comfortable scanning large areas of the specimen and
viewing with both eyes for better depth locating the area of interest.
perception.
Ii. Low power (10x)
C. Coarse adjustment knob Used for general observation and initial
focusing of specimens.
Moves the stage or body tube rapidly for initial
focusing, typically used with low-power Iii. High power (40x)
objectives. Offers greater magnification for observing
finer details of cells and tissues.
D. Condenser IV. Oil immersion
Focuses and directs light onto the specimen, Offers greater magnification for observing
improving resolution and contrast. finer details of cells and tissues.
e. Diopter adjustment ring
M. Mechanical stage
Compensates for differences in vision between
the user’s eyes, ensuring a clear image in both Holds the slide and allows precise movement in
eyepieces. horizontal directions for accurate positioning.
F. Eyepiece N. Stage clip
Contains lenses (usually 10x magnification) that
further enlarge the image formed by the Secures the slide in place on the stage to prevent
objective lens. movement during observation.
G. Fine adjustment knob
O. Revolving nosepiece
Provides precise focusing by making small
adjustments to the stage or body tube, used for
Holds multiple objective lenses and allows easy
high-power objectives.
switching between magnifications.
H. Frame
P. Base
The main structural support of the microscope,
holding all components together.
The bottom part of the microscope, providing
stability and housing the illumination system.
I. Light intensity adjustment knob
Controls the brightness of the microscope’s q. Arm
illumination for optimal viewing conditions.
Supports the body tube and connects it to the
J. Frame base; used for carrying the microscope.
The main structural support of the microscope,
holding all components together. R. Stage control
K. Main switch Moves the mechanical stage in X and Y
directions to position the slide accurately under
Turns the microscope’s illumination system on or
the objective lens.
off.
Total Magnification and Derivation of Different Objectives
The total magnification of a compound microscope is calculated using the formula:
Total Magnification = Magnification of Ocular Lens × Magnification of Objective Lens
Most compound microscopes have an ocular lens (eyepiece) magnification of 10×, and
different objective lenses with varying magnifications.
A. Scanner
The scanner objective is the lowest magnification objective lens, typically used for
initial scanning of the specimen to locate areas of interest.
Scanner = (10x) × (4x) Provides the widest field of view and the lowest resolution.
Ideal for locating specimens and viewing large structures
Scanner = 40x (e.g., tissue samples, entire organisms in slides).
Less detail but helps in positioning before moving to higher
magnifications.
b. Low power objective
This lens provides a balance between magnification and field of view, making it
useful for examining larger structures with more detail.
Low Power = (10x) × (10x) Used to examine general structures with more detail than the
scanner lens.
Low Power = 100x Commonly used for stained tissue sections, plant cells, and
protozoa.
Still provides a relatively wide field of view, making it good for
general observation.
C. High power objective
The high power objective provides significantly more magnification and is used
for detailed cellular and subcellular structures.
Used for detailed examination of cells, including nuclei, mitotic
High Power = (10x) × (40x)
figures, and bacterial morphology (without oil).
High Power = 400x The field of view is much smaller, so precise focusing is required.
Requires careful handling to avoid damaging the slide.
D. oil immersion objective
The highest magnification lens, designed for use with immersion oil, which reduces
light refraction and increases resolution.
Used primarily in bacteriology and microbiology to observe
Oil Immersion = (10x) × (100x)
bacteria, blood cells, and fine details of tissues.
HOil Immersion = 1000x Oil immersion is required because, at such a high magnification,
light bends (refracts) as it passes from the slide to the air and into
the lens. The oil has a refractive index similar to glass, preventing
light loss and improving clarity.
The working distance (distance between the lens and the slide) is
extremely small, requiring careful focusing.
