The Book of the Dead is the name now given to

the collection of rel1g1ous and magical texts used

by the an-.i t1;y µti;1ns tu !>Ccure for the dead a
sausfactol") it 11h. Chapters of the book were
written by Lnbes on papyrus scrolls, illustrated
\\ ith detai led drawings called vignettes, and
placed in the tom b of important Egyptians.
Many examples have survived, most dating from \ ..
C. 1500-25() B< .
This book contains the text found in the papy
rus prepared for the scribe Ani, one of the most
important examples of its kind, and one of the
greatest treasures of the British Museu m.
Here are some 200 spells, prayers, and incan
tations that were an integral part of Egyptian
rel igious and funerary practices. The earliest
papyri date to the mid-fifteenth centu ry BC,
although the incantations they contain have a
history that can be traced back more than a
thousand years earlier; some can be traced to
inscriptions carved on the walls of royal burial
chambers as early as the Fifth Dynasty (2300
sc). The collection in this book draws both on
these earlier Pyramid Texts and the later Coffin
Texts of the Middle Kingdom, the direct
predecessor of the papyrus Book of the Dead .
The translation here, by the late Raymond 0.
Faulkner, is widely considered to be definitive.
He has included the great majority of spells,
omitting some that are too corrupt or obscu re
for a clear translation, and others that were com
posed at too late a date to be considered repres
entative. His rendering of the Middle Egyptian
is typically flu id, expressive, and authoritative.
In ancient Egypt, funerary papyri were illus
trated by finely drawn vignettes . In this book,
some 140 vignettes from the British Museum
collection are reproduced, half of them in full
color. The entries are accompanied by brief
explanatory notes, and a glossary aids in under
standing Egyptian terminology.
In words and images, this book helps preserve
one of the most fascinating records of ancient
history. It is a valuable addition to any library,
and an ..,.nrial tool for all those interested in the
pirit and art of Egy ptian civilization.

19 5 \1acm11lan, Inc.
 Front cover Scene showing the Opening of the M outh ceremony
camed out on the mummy of H unefer. See Spell 23. 9901/5

Half-titl epage Ani and his wife adore Thoth, the god of wisdom
and learning. See Spell 175. 10470/29

Title pag e The hippopotamus-god dess Opet, wearing horns and a

disc, and the cow-goddes of love, H athor. SeSpelt 186. 10470/37

© 1972 The Limited Editi ons Clu b, New York

Revised edition 1985. Photograph s and additional m ateria

l
© The Trustees of the British M useum

All rights reserved. No part of th is boo k may be reprod u ced or tra n sm i tted i n any form or by any means, electroni c or mechanical,
including ph otocopy ing, recording or an y i n formation storage and retrieval system , withou t perm ission i n writin g from the Pu bl ish er.

Macm illan Publ ish i ng

Company A Division of
Macmillan , Inc.
866 Third Aven ue, New York, N. Y. 10022

Library of Congress Catalog Card Nu m ber 85- 18744

Pri nted i n Great Britain

Printin g n umb er
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Book of the dead. English.
The ancient Egypti an Book of the dead.
I . Incantations, Egyptian. 2 . f uture life.
3. Egypt-Reli gi on. I. A nd rews, Carol. I I f au l k
ner, Ravm ond Olive r, 1894- I l l Title. lV. Title :
Book of the dead .
PJ 1555.E5F38 1985 299'.31 85- 18744
ISBN 0-02-901470-0
-- CONTENTS -

Foreword 7
Sources of the illustrations 9
Introduction 11

List of Spells 17
THE SPELLS 25
Introductory Hymn to the Sun-God Re 27
Introductory Hymn to Osiris 27
Glossary 190
6
 -- PREFACE --

The translations contained in this volume are made from they duplicate, or virtually duplicate the spells which are
that corpus of funera ry texts known as the Book of the translated, and a few others, or parts of spells which are
Dead. They are accompanied by reprod uctions of new too corrupt or obscure to yield intelligible translation. Of
colour and black and white photographs mostly taken those omitted by Faulkner because they were composed
especially for this edition from the rich collection of at a far later date than the painted papyri of the Theban
Egyptian funerary papyri in the British Museum. Recension on which his version was based, the whole of
Dr R.O. Faulkner, the translator of this English ver Spell 162, and the tides and rubrics of Spells 163 to
sion, was the leading modern British authority on the 165 have been newly translated for the present edition,
progressive stages of funerary texts developed in anti and are illustrated by interesting vignettes from Late
quity for use successively by kings, nobles and less high Period papyri . As in Faulkner's original edition, four
ly placed Egyptians . His translations of the Pyramid texts, two of them quite short, have been left out
Texts appeared in 1969 and of the Coffin Texts between because, as he rightly said, 'they lack interest except to
1973 and 1978. He was in the meanwhile invited to the professional scholar.' Faulkner also pointed out 'that
pre pare a translation of the Book of the Dead for the a few spells were num bered twice over by the
Lim ited Editions Club of New York to accompany a scholars of the nineteenth century, and in such cases
splen did coloured photographic facsimile of a large part the texts in question have been allotted here the n um
of the Papyrus of Ani, one of the finest illustrated texts bers by which they are generally known.'
of the Book of the Dead in the British Museum. The In explaining the basis of his translation, Dr Faulkner
sump tuous publication of 1972 has since been had the following remark s to make on sources and on
acknow ledged as containing the most reliable the presentati on of his version:
translation of this fas cinating, but perplexing,
compilation of spells, prayers and incantations. It is, With one exception, all the spells in this book have
sadly, not easily available, and students and others been translated afresh by the present writer, but due
interested in the texts are unable to read or consult it acknowledgement must be paid to P. Barguet, Livre
without difficulty. To remedy this posi tion and to ease des M arts, Paris, 1967, a valuable work which has
the frustration of potential users, the Limited Editions been held in constant consultation. The one exception
Club have, with exceptional gener osity, given is Spell 78; here, by permission of the Egypt Explo
permission for Dr Faulk ner's work to be reproduced in ration Society, I have u sed, with only very minor
this present edition. The British Museum is profou ndly modification s, the admirable translation published by
grateful to Mr Sidney Schiff, President of the Limited the late Professor A. de Buck in the J ournal of Egyp
Editions Club, and his associates, for recog nising so tian Archaeology, vol.35. It is, of course, clear that in
clearly the need to make Fau lkner's translation more a pu blication such as the present, which is add ressed
widely accessi ble, and for responding so hand somely to the educated layman and not to the professional
to the req uest that it might be reprinted with new scholar, the textual and philological commentaries
illustrations. which normall y would accompany translations such
Dr Faulkner explained in his Foreword that the great as these, so as to justify the renderi n gs, would be
majority of spells making up the ancient compilation en tirely out of place. Likewise at the pu blisher's
were represented in his translation. He omitted a few request, the bracketed query-mark has been omitted
spells at the req uest of his original pu blisher after words and sentences where there is possible
because doubt as to the meaning. Passages printed in italic
type represent the use of red ink on the original
papyrus; three dots (...) signif y that words have
Vignetteincorrectly termed Spell 16:above an animated djed-pillar
representing Osiris, which carries a crook andflail and isflanked by been lost or omitted or are untranslatable; while
his sister-goddesses Isis and Nephthys, stands the newly risen sn-god on occasion
asa falcon wearing a sun-disc and adored by dancing baboons. 990
I/ I
7
 rou nd brackets ( ) enclose either a word obviously The photographs have mostly been taken by Mr Peter
om itted by the ancient copyist or an English word Hayman of the Photographic Service of the British
added to make the sense of a passage clearer. Museum. Miss Andrew s has also revised and enlarged
the Glossary, and provided a new introd uction to the
The ed itorial work req uired to prepare Fa ulkner's translation, including information on the various im
original translation for the present pu blication has been portant papyri in the British Museum, and other details
skilf ully carried out by Miss Carol A. R. Andrews, of histbry and textual development which were not ap
Research Assista nt in the Department of Egyptian Anti propriate for the original pu blication.
q uities. She has translated those spells and parts of spells
omitted by Faulk ner, which are mentioned above, and
she has a lso made a few other small emendations based
on alternative versions and the findings of recent scholar Decem ber 1984 T. G. H. James
ship. In addition, she has selected the illustrations used Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities
here, wh ich will give this edition particular interest. British Museum

8
 SOURCES OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS
The illustrations to this edition are taken from the British of Neshorpakher ed.
Museum papyri listed below. The numbers in the captions
Ptolemaic Period, c.250 -150 BC
refer, in each case, to the British Museum registration num
ber, followed by the number of the sheet on which the
BM10088 Hieratic funerary papyrus of Tint-Djehuty daugh
particular vignette is found. ter of Tadineferhotep.
Ptolemaic Period , c.250 -150 BC
BM9900 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Copiest of the
Temple of Ptah, and of the Temples of Upper and Lower BM10098 Hieratic funerary papyrus in which the space left
Egypt, Draughtsman in the Sculptors' Workshop, Child of for the owner's name has been filled with the word 'so-and-so'
the Royal Nursery, Nebseny son of the Draughtsman Tjenab written in demotic.
and the Lady Mutreshti . Memphis (?). Ptolemaic Period, 1st-2nd Centuries BC
Memphis. Eighteenth Dynasty, c.1400 BC
BM10253 Hieratic f unerary papyrus of
BM9901 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Royal Scribe Padiamennebne sutawy, born to Neshor.
and Steward of King Sety I, Overseer of Royal Cattle and Ptolemaic Period, c.300 BC
Scribe of Divine Offerings, Hunefer.
Memphis (?). Nineteenth Dynasty, c.1310 BC BM10257 Hieratic f unerary papyrus of the God's Father
Horemheb, born to Ta-di-ipt-wert.
BM9911 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of Kerquny son of Ptolemaic Period, c.300 -200 BC
Abt-Wesir and Gernubit.
Ptolemaic Period, c.250 -150 BC
BM10470 Hieroglyphic f unerary papyrus of the Royal Scribe,
Accounting Scribe for Divine Offerings of all the gods, Over
BM9946 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Offerer of seer of the Granaries of the Lords of Tawer, Ani.
Incense (?) in the Temple of Amun, Ankh-Hap son of Nineteenth Dynasty, c.1250 BC
Pashermin and lutetenast.
Thebes. Ptolemaic Period, c.300 -200 BC BM10471 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Royal Scribe
and Chief Military Officer, Nakht.
BM9949 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Wesay, Khary. Eighteenth-Nineteenth Dynasties, c.1350 -1300 BC
Memphis (?). Eighteenth-Nineteenth Dynasties , c.1350-
1300 BM10472 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Chief of the
BC
Concubines of Osiris, Chief of the Concubines of Nebtu and
Khnum, Chantress of Amun, Anhai.
BM9951 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Sistrum Twentieth Dynasty, c.1100 BC
player, Mutirdais.
Thebes (?). Ptolemaic Period, c.300 BC BM10477 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Steward of
the Chief Treasurer, Nu son of the Steward of the Chief
BM9964 Hieroglyphic funerary papyru s of the Accounting Treasurer, Amenhotep and the Lady Sensenb.
Scribe for Royal Silver and Gold, Scribe of the Royal Treasury Eighteenth Dynasty, c.1400 BC
in Pernefer, Overseer of the Dockyard of Am un in the South
ern City, the Steward, Nebamun son of the Judge, Scribe and BM10478 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus made for a Scribe
Overseer of Royal Land ( ?) Inyotef and the Lady Tetishat. and Priest whose name has been erased but ended with the
Thebes. Eighteenth Dynasty, c.1400 BC elements -en-Mut.
Nineteenth Dynasty, c.1300 -1250 BC
BM9995 Hieratic funerary papyrus of the Hereditary Count
and Noble, Kerasher, born of Tasent. BM10479 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Sma-priest
Ptolemaic-Roman Periods, 1st Century BC and Scribe of the Oracle, Hor son of the Sma-priest Djedhor
and the Lady Sebat.
BM10009 Hieroglyphic funerary papyrus of the Scribe, Akhmim. Ptolemaic Period, c.300 BC
Userhat.
Eighteenth Dynasty, c.1400 BC BM10554 Hieratic funerary papyrus of the First Chief of the
Concubines of Amun, Prophetess of Mut, of Anhur-Shu, of
BMIOOIO Hieroglyphic funerary papyru s of the Chantress Min, Horus and Isis at Akhmim, of Osiris, Horus and Isis at
of Amun, Muthetepti . Abydos, of Horus of Djufy, of Amun at lurudj, Nestan eb
Thebes. Twenty-first Dynasty, c.1050 BC
tasheru daughter of the High Priest of Amun Pinudjem II and
Nesikhons.
BM10039 Hieratic funerary papyrus of Astwert daughter of Thebes. Twenty-first Dynasty, c.950 BC
Tanahebu.
Ptolemaic Period, c.250 -150 BC BM10558 Hieratic f unerary papyrus of
Ankhwahibre. Ptolemaic Period, c.300 BC
BM10086 Hieratic funerary papyrus of Ta-Amet\ -iw
daughter
9
10
 -INTRODUCTION-

The Book of the Dead is the name now given to sheets cantations they contain have a history which can be
of papyrus covered with magical texts and traced back more than a thousand years earlier. Some
accompanying illustrations called vignettes which the of the spells in the Book of the Dead originated i n the
ancient Egyptians placed with their dead in order to help Pyramid Texts which first appeared carved in
them pass throu gh the dangers of the Underworld and hieroglyphs on the walls of the burial cham ber and
attain an afterlife of bliss in the Field of Reeds, the anteroom of the pyramid of King Wenis, last ruler of
Egyptian heaven. Some of the texts and vignettes are the Fif th Dynasty, about 2345 BC. Althou gh this is
also found on the walls of tombs and on coffi ns or their first written appearance it is clear from thei r
written on linen or vellum rather than on papyrus. The content that man y of these utteran ces had been in
very rare examples of Book s of the Dead written on existence for centuries. One Pyramid Text (Spell 662)
leather (for example BM 10281) were probably master tells the dead king to cast the sand from his face, a clear
copies, used by scribes who were commissioned to allusion to bu rial in the desert sand which was
reprod uce their contents. especially common during the Pre dynastic Period,
The term Book of the Dead was chosen by modern before 3100 BC. Another utteran ce (Spell 355) says that
Egyptologists because the texts on funerary papyri are bricks have been removed from the great tom b, a
divided into ind ividual spells, or chapters, nearly two reference to m ud-brick mastaba tom bs of the type
hundred in nu mber, although no one papyrus contains discarded by royalty since the early Third Dy n asty,
all of them. These chapters formed a repertoire from about 2680 BC. Some of the Pyramid Text utter ances
which selection was made . If the prospective owner of a are hymns and addresses to various gods or magi cal
Book of the Dead was wealth y and his death not un recitations to assure the royal resu rrection and pro
timely he would commission an expert scribe to write tection from malign influences. Others are concerned
the text for him and it would consist of h is own personal with the Openi ng of the Mouth ceremony which was
choice of chapters. An expert draughtsman scribe would perform ed on the mum my and tomb statues d uring
be employed to provide the illustrative vignettes. the funeral ri tes and with the Offering Ritual which
Others, less fortunate, had to make do with a ready was carried out after the bu rial.
written text in which spaces had been left for the inser The Pyramid Texts also reflect a belief in an astral
tion of the name and tides of the buyer. In one instance, afterlif e among the circumpolar stars which predates the
in a funerary papyrus of Ptolemai c date (about 200 Bc) ideas of the pyramid-builder s who believed in a solar
written in the hieratic script (sM 10098), instead of afterlife spent in the company of the sun-god. The tone
leaving a space for the prospective owner's name the of the Pyramid Texts is often threatening: the king
scribe has wri tten on each occasion in demotic, the almost bullies the gods into allowing him to enter
script in current use for everyday documents, the heaven . There is little evidence that he expected to
word men meaning 'so-and-so'. Presumably the papy become one of their num ber automatically. It is possi
rus had never been bought. bly of significance that none of the kings of the Fou rth
The earliest Book of the Dead papyri date to the mid Dyn asty or the other kings of the Fifth Dynasty felt the
fifteenth century BC, but the ritual utterances and in- need to have these texts carved within their tom bs. The
rulers who could command the building of the
pyramids at Giza and sun-temples at Abu Gurab
presumably had no doubt of their entry into heaven to
Spell I JO Anhai and her husband undertake variousactivities in the join their fellow gods. Once they had made their
Field of Rushes including hacking up the earth,pulling flax, reaping
grain, ploughing with two teams and paddling across the Lake of
appearance, the Pyra mid Texts continued to be carved
Offerings. Four members of the Great Ennead sit on an island, the inside the pyramids of kings and queens of the Sixth
He ron of Abundan.ce and a god of the Underworld area._dored and Dynasty and early First Intermediate Period for
the bark of Wennefer IS shown moored at the end of a waterway. another two hund red years.
l0472/5 The Middle Kingdom (about 2040-1786 sc) was a

11
time when fu nerary beliefs and practices were d cmo noted occu rrences of the shabti-formu la (Spell 472) is
crarised, when a guaranteed afterlife, wh ich before had insid e the outer wooden coffi n from el-Bersha of a phys
been restricted to royalty and grear noblemen, became ician called G ua (BM 30839). From the New Kingdom
open t0 all who cou ld afford to acqu ire the relevant onwa rds shabtis inscribed wi th Chapter 6 of the Book of
equ ipment. Now t0 the Utterances of the Pyramid the Dead and carryi n g agricultural i m plements become
Texts were added man y more spells, and this new one of the com monest elements of Egyptian funerary
repertoire was written not in h ierogly phs but in the equipment. The Field of Reeds with its waterways, is
cu rsive script cal led hieratic, in closely crowded lands and divine inhabitants, and the ploughing, sowing
vertical colum ns withi n the wooden coffins of and reapin g req u ired of the dead, is regularly depicted in
commoners. Beca use of their new location the spells the vignette of Chapter 110 of the Book of the Dead.
are now known as Coffin Texts, and it is they which Thus the chapters of the Book of the Dead papyri of
are the direct predecessors of the texts written in Book the New Kingdom and later incorporate at least th ree
of the Dead papyri of the New Ki ngd om and later. quite separate traditions: there a re traces of the earliest
A new development in the Coffin Texts is that the beliefs in an astral afterlife, spells in which the sun-god
sun-god is no lon ger supreme: Osiris is the king under with his associated gods is supreme, and others in wh ich
whom the blessed dead hope to spend eternity, the god Osiris is all-important. The Egyptians saw no incon
wi th whom the dead became assim ilated as 'the gruity in such a situation. In Egy ptian religion old be
Osiris so-and-so'. Indeed, from now on the term 'the l iefs were rarely d iscarded, new ideas and concepts were
Osiris so and-so' mea n s little more than 'the late' or merely tacked on, even when in direct contradiction to
'the deceased'. This new importance of Osiris i n the existing views . That is why the Egyptians could believe
afterlife is best i llustrated by his assumption of the in an afterlife in which the deceased would spend
role of judge of the dead. Du ring the Old Kingdom eternity in the com pany of the circumpolar stars as an
(about 2686-2 181 BC) when only the great nobility, akh, at the same time as bei ng restricted to the bu rial
apart from the king, were assured of an afterlife, living chamber and offering chapel of the t0mb as-a ka, but also
one's earthly l ife according tO a strict moral code was visiting the world of tbe living, inhabiting the Elysian
considered sufficient to secu re eternal bliss. Bu t the Fields and travelling across the sky and through the
breakdown of order du ring the political troubles of Underworld with the sun -god as a ba. It is hardly
the First Intermediate Period, which led tO tom b- su rprising, therefore, that the Egyptians themselves
robbery and the desecration of cemeteries, shattered called the text of funerary papyri the Book of Coming
this belief . So, in an attem pt to deter such wrong- Forth by Day, for it concerned to so great an extent the
doi n g, the idea was encou raged that judgement freedom granted to the spirit forms wh ich survived
would be passed on the dead for the actions they had death to come and go as they pleased in the afterlife.
com mitted on earth. At fi rst it was an anonymous Some of the earliest Book of the Dead papyri, such as
Great God who passed sentence, but once Osiris those of Nu (BM 10477), Userhat (BM 10009), Kha
became pre em inent as god of the dead du ring the (Turin Museum) and Yuya (Cairo Museu m) contain a
Middle Kingdom, it was only natu ral that he should surpris ingly small num ber of chapters and are further
be the god before whom the trial took place. Chapter distin guished by having few vignettes. During the cou
125 of the Book of the Dead is entirely devoted tO rse of the New Kingdom, ,however, the repert0ire of
the judgement of the dead and the various vignettes chapters grew stead ily and vignettes became more
depicting the Weighing of the Heart, by wh ich it prominent. Indeed, during the Third Intermediate
was ascertained whether the deceased was worthy to Period (about I 085-715 Be) many f u nerary papyri
enter the kingdom of Osiris, are amon some of the consisted of almost nothin g but illustration s.
best-known scenes from f u nerary papyn. Moreover, there are some chapters which always
Another new concept appearing i n the Coffin Texts is existed only in vignette form, for exam ple Chapters 16
a belief in an afterlife spent i n the Field of Reeds where and 143. Illustrations a re usually restricted tO a narrow
agricul tu ral tasks would have to be carried out by the frieze above the text except for occasional examples
deceased for all eternity. Since Egypt was an agricultural which run the whole height of the papyrus. When the
comm u nity wi th an an n ual need for ploughing, sowing, text i s written i n horizontal lines rather than in vertical
harvesting, maintenance of i rrigation works and re columns full -height vignettes are usually evenly
marking of bou ndaries after the in u ndation, the Other spaced between sections of text. In funerary papyri of
World was envisaged as an identical environment req uir the Late Period (after about 600 Be) small vignettes are
ing the same hard labou r. Hence the shabti-form ula frequently set in the midst of the text itself. Book s of
makes its first appearance, a spell to relieve the dead of the Dead with large sections of text, not necessarily
all hard work i n the afterlife by providing a magical accu rately copied, must always have cost more than
substitute worker, a shabti figurine. One of the very first those in which vignettes predominated .

12
 Vig nette of Ani and his wife Ani stands with his arms raised in
adoration behind a tray on two stands which is heaped with
offerings and topped by a bowl of b1.trning incense. Behind him
stands his wife Tutu shaking a si,trum in one hand and rattling a
menat-collar in
the other. 10470/2

17
 During rhe New Kingdom there was still little attem pt Above: Spell 125 Aniand his wife Tutu watch as his heart isweighed
to regularise the order i11 which selected chapters against an ostrichfeather representing M aat. Anubis checks the
appea red . Often, too, variants of the same cha pter accuracy of the balance. Thoth stands ready to write down the result
and Ammit, the hybrid monster, waits togobble down any heart
ap peared in d ifferent parts of the same papyrus. In weighed down by sin. An i'shuman-headed soul, his destiny and birth
other instances chapters were cut off in the middle of goddesses and hisfate look on. Twelve gods and goddesses holding
the text pu rely beca use the scribe had run ou t of was sceptres are enthroned behind a heaped offering table as
space. Some papyri give proof that the text and witnesses to
thejudgement. I0470/3.
illustrations were prod uced separately without regard
to each other, for chapters and their vignettes do not
coincide. In spite of this lack of order certain spells are in composition. One of the most important spells con
found in every extant Book of the Dead papyrus: cerned with the heart was Chapter 30B of the Book of the
Chapter t, wh ich concerns the Coming Forth by Day Dead , which was always to be inscribed 'on a scarab
after Burial, Chapter t 7, which concerns the Coming made from nephrite [a green stone], mounted i n fine
Forth by Day Triu mphant over all enemies, and gold, with a silver suspension ring and placed at the
Chapter 64, which concerns the Comi ng Forth by Day th roat of the deceased'. The spell was repu ted to be very
in various Transformations. Funerary papyri of the old, havin g been foynd 'in Hermopolis, u nder the feet of
Twenty-sixth Dynasty and later (after about 600 B·) are the Majesty of this god [that is, beneath a statue of the
characterised not only by a new god Thoth]. It was written on a block of Upper Egypt
style of vignette with su bd ued use of colour but by a ian m ineral i n the writing of the god h imself and was
regula rising of the ord er of chapters and a fixing of their discovered in the time of the Majesty of the vindicated
total number at 192. This unchanging text of Late Period King of Upper and Lower Egypt Menka u re. It was the
fu nera ry papyri i sometim es known as the Saite kin g's son Hordedef who fou nd it while he was going
Recension to distinguish it from the more arbitrary arou nd ma king an inspection of the tem ples.' Menka
contents of earlier Book s of the Dead, wh ich are said to ure or Mycerin us, as Classical authors called him,
em bod y the Theban Recension. was a pha raoh of the Fourth Dynasty who bu ilt the
Some of the oldest chapters of the Book of the Dead smallest of the three pyramids at Giza. Hordedef him
can actually be traced back to the original Utterances in self was re vered th roughou t the pha raonic period for
the Pyramid Texts, but without exception they have his reput ation as a wise man, so any spell connected
<;urvived in so corrupt a form a to be vi rtually uni ntel wi th hi m "wou ld be bound to have extra potency. Yet
ligible. Chapters 174, t77 and 178 are examples of such on e of th e earliest heart scarabs is that belonging to
survivals. Other spells also appear to be ancien t, but King Sobkem saf 11 of the Seventeenth Dynasty, who
examination often proves that they are relatively recent reigned about 1590 BC, n ine cen tu ries after Myceri n
u . It look su -

14
 which were incorporated into the repertoire at quite a
late stage made no attempt to hide their recent compos
ition. Some copies of Chapter 166 concerning the spell
for the head rest state that the text was found 'at the neck
of the mummy of King Usermaatre [that is, Ramesses 11
or Ramesses 111] in the necropolis'. Some versions of
Chapter 167 concerning the bringing of the udjat-eye
relate how the text was found by prince Khaemwese, son
of King Ramesses 11, in the cemetery at Saqqara or else
was composed by Amenhotep son of Hapu, Chief of
building works under King Amenophis 111. Significantly
for the potency of this spell, both Khaemwese and
Amenhotep son of Hapu were revered by the Egyptians
for their wisdom.
At first Book of the Dead texts were written in a
form of semi-cu rsive hieroglyphs known as linear
hieroglyphs or Book of the Dead hieroglyphs.
However, unlike hieratic (the cursive script which
developed from hierogl yphs but whose signs soon
became quite distinct from the original hieroglyphic
signs on which they were based), the script employed
A human-headed green jasper heart scarab set ina gold mount
inscribed with a very early version of Spell 301J. Tomb robbers in f unerary papyri always remained visibly
brought to trial in c.1125 BC confessed tostealing itfrom the mummy hieroglyphic. During the New King dom chapters were
of King Sobkemsaf 11. Thebes. Seventeenth Dynasty, c.1590 BC.EA invariabl y written in vertical columns but they were
7876. often to be read in the opposite or retro grade direction
to normal practice.
piciously as though a false pedigree was created for Although vignettes were frequently highly colou red
Chapter 30B to make it look older than it really was: the only black ink was used for the text, except for the title
spell was almost certainly only composed a very short of each spell or particularly important sections which
time before it was first inscri bed on a heart scarab. Hor were normally written in red to make them stand out.
dedef was also linked with Chapter 137A concerning the Because of their colou ring these passages are usually
four torches which would give ligh t to the deceased. known as ru brics. In rare instances yellow rather than
This spell was reputed to have been found by the red was used (see, for example, BM 9968). Funerary
prince 'written in the god's own hand in a secret chest papyri of the Third Intermediate Period and later (after
in the temple of Wenut [a hare goddess]' at about 1085 Be) were often written in hieratic rather than
Hermopolis. in linear hieroglyphs and in that case the text was
According to one version, the all-important Chapter written in horizontal lines arranged in pages not in
64 was found 'in the foundations of the One-who-is-in columns. Sometimes parts of a papyrus were written in
the-Henu -bark [that is, beneath the temple of the hieratic and other parts in linear hieroglyphs. During
funerary god Sokaris] by a Supervisor of Wall-builders in the Graeco-Roman Period (after
the time of the Majesty of the King of Upper and Lower 305 Be), when hieratic survived only as the script of
Egypt, Semty, vindicated'. Semty or Khasty, the name funerary papyri, a few Books of the Dead were written
cannot be read with certainty, is better known as Den, in demotic, the third script employed by the Egyptians
fifth king of the First Dynasty, who ruled about 2875 ac. which by then was in current use for documents of a non
Since writing only ma kes its appearance in Egypt with funerary nature. Mention has alread y been made of the
the beginning of the First Dynasty some two hu ndred hieratic Book of the Dead of the Ptolemaic Period (BM
years earlier the spell could scarcely claim to be more 10098) in which the prospective owner is designated
ancient. But it cannot be without significance that it only as 'so-and-so' bu t written in demotic, a script with
appears to have no antecedent in the Pyramid Texts. So, which the scribe was obviously better acquainted.
like Chapters 30B and 137A, Chapter 64 was probably A Book of the Dead papyrus could be as long or as
composed far more recently than would first appear to short as requ ired. The Greenfield Papyrus (BM 10554)
be the case. This would certainly help to explain the which is 41 metres in length, is one of the longest known.
num ber of variant forms of th is chapter: because it was For practical purposes the height of any papyrus, fu
a recent com position, the definitive version of the text nerary or otherwise, was rarely greater than 48 centi
had not yet been decided. metres. On the other hand, some funera ry papyri of the
On the other hand, some of the versions f chapters Third Intermediate Period are very narrow indeed.

15
 Fu nerary papyri might be rolled up, tied with a strip papyrus became an essential part of the funerary equip
of linen and sealed with a piece of stamped mud. They ment and every Egyptian who cou ld afford to acqui re
would then be placed on or in the coffin or inside a a copy was bu ried with it close at hand for use in the
wooden statuette of the funerary god Ptah-Sokaris after life. That is why so many and varied examples
Osiris or even inside the hollowed -out plinth on which have sur vived and why so much has been learned
the statuette stood. The papyrus of Anhai (BM 10472) about the text which has been called erroneously but
was found inside just such a figure. Some papyri were very evocatively the Bibie bf Ancient Egypt.
inserted among the folds of the bandages which envel
oped the m ummy, either over the chest, beneath the Carol A. R. Andrews
arms or between the legs. Department of Egyptian Antiquities
From the New Kingdom onwards a Book of the Dead British Museum

16
 --THE SPELLS -

30 THE jUDGEMENT OF THE DEAD PAGE 27

')-
B THE DECLARATION OF INNOCENCE PAGE 29
125 f oR COMING FORTH INTO THE DAY PAGE 34
1 f oR PERMITTING THE NOBLE DEAD TO DESCEND INTO
lB THE NETHERWORLD ON THE DAY OF INTERMENT
PAGE 35
2 f oR GOING OUT INTO THE DAY AND LIVING AFTER DEATH PAGE 36
3 ANOTHER LIKE IT PAGE 36
4 FoR PASSING ON THE UPPER ROAD OF RosETJAU PAGE 36
f oR NOT DOING WORK IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE
5
6 36 f oR CAUSING A SHABTI TO DO WORK FOR A MAN IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 36
7 f oR PASSING BY THE DANGEROUS COIL OF APEP PAGE 36
8 FoR OPENING UP THE WEST BY DAY PAGE 36
9 f oR GOING OUT INTO THE DAY AFTER OPENING THE TOMBPAGE 37
10 ANOTHER SPELL FOR A MAN'S GOING OUT INTO THE
DAY AGAINST HIS FOES IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD

11 PAGE 37 f oR GOING OUT AGAINST A FOE IN THE

REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 37
12 f oR GOING IN AND OUT PAGE 37
13 FoR GOING IN AND ouT OF THE WEST PAGE 37
14 f oR REMOVING ANGER FROM THE HEART OF THE GOD PAGE 39
15 WORSHIP OF RE WHEN HE RISES IN THE HORIZON UNTIL
THE OCCURRENCE OF HIS SETTING IN LIFE PAGE 40
17 PRAISES AND RECITATIONS, GOING IN AND OUT OF
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 44
20 THE DECEASED APPEALS TO THOTH TO VINDICATE HIM
BEFORE THE TRIBUNALS OF THE GODS PAGE 50
21 FoR GIVING A MOUTH To N FOR HIM IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 51
22 FoR GIVING A MOUTH To N FOR HIM IN
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 51
23 FoR OPENING THE MOUTH OF N PAGE 51
24 FoR BRINGING MAGIC TO N PAGE 52
25 FoR CAUSING THAT N BE REMEMBERED IN
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 52
26 FoR GIVING N's HEART To HIM IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE'52

17
27 f oR NOT PERMITTING A MAN'S HEART TO BE TAKEN
FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 53
28 FoR NOT PERMITTING N's HEART TO BE TAKEN
FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 53
29 f oR NOT PERMITTING A MAN'S HEAR'{ TO BE TAKEN AWAY
FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 54
29A f oR NOT TAKING AWAY THE HEART OF ONE WHOSE
CONDUCT HAS BEEN VINDICATED IN THE REALM OF THE
DEAD PAGE 54
29B f oR A HEART-AMULET OF SEHRET-STONE PAGE 55
30A FoR NOT LETTING N's HEART CREATE OPPOSITION AGAINST
HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 55
A RUBRIC FOR SPELL 30A,B PAGE 56
31 f oR DRIVING OFF A CROCODILE WHICH COMES TO TAKE AWAY
N's MAGIC FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 56
32 f oR REPELLING A CROCODILE WHICH COMES TO TAKE
AWAY
A SPIRIT'S MAGIC FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE
56 33 f oR DRIVING OFF A SNAKE PAGE
58
34 f oR NOT BEING BITTEN BY A SNAKE IN
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 58
35 f oR NOT BEING EATEN BY A SNAKE IN THE REALM OF THE PAGE 58
DEAD
36 f oR REPELLING A BEETLE PAGE 58
37 f oR REPELLING THE TWO SONGSTRESS-SNAKES PAG E 58
38A f oR LIVING BY AIR IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 58
38B ANOTHER SPELL FOR LIVING BY AIR IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 60
39 f oR REPELLING A REREK-SNAKE IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 60
40 f oR REPELLING HIM WHO SWALLOWED AN ASS PAGE 61
41 f oR PREVENTING THE SLAUGHTER WHICH IS
CARRIED OUT IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE
61
42 f oR PREVENTING THE SLAUGHTER WHICH IS
CARRIED OUT IN HERACLEOPOLIS PAGE 62
43 f oR PREVENTING A MAN'S DECAPITATION IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 63
44 f oR NOT DYING AGAIN IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 63
45 f oR NOT PUTREFYING IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAG E 64
46 f oR NOT PERISHING AND FOR BEING ALIVE IN
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 64

18
47 FoR PREVENTING THE TAKING OF N's PLACE AND THRONE
FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 64

19
50 f oR NOT ENTERING INTO THE SHAMBLES OF THE GOD PAGE 65
53 f oR NOR EATING FAECES OR DRINKING URINE IN
THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 65
54 f oR GIVING BREATH TO N IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 65
55 f oR GIVING BREATH IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 66
56 f oR BREATHING AIR AMONG THE WATERS IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 66
57 f oR BREATHING AIR AND HAVING POWER OVER WATER
IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 67
58 f oR BREATHING AIR AND HAVING POWER OVER WATER
IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 68
59 f oR BREATHING AIR AND HAVING POWER OVER WATER
IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 68
61 f oR NOT LETTING A MAN'S SOUL BE TAKEN AWAY
FROM HIM IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 68
62 f oR DRINKING WATER IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 68
63A f oR DRINKING WATER AND NOT BEING BURNT BY FIRE PAGE 68
63B f oR NOT BEING SCALDED WITH WATER PAGE 69
65 f oR GOING OUT INTO THE DAY AND HAYING
POWER OVER ONE'S ENEMY PAGE 69

72 f oR GOING OUT INTO THE DAY AND OPENING UP THE TOMB PAGE 72
74 f oR BEING SWIFT-FOOTED WHEN GOING OUT FROM THE EARTH PAGE 73
75 f oR GOING TO HELIOPOLIS AND RECEIVING A THRONE THERE PAGE 73
76 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO ANY SHAPE ONE
MAY WISH TO TAKE PAGE 73
77 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A FALCON OF GOLD PAGE 73
78 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A DIVINE FALCON PAGE 74
79 f oR BECOMING AN ELDER OF THE TRIBUNAL PAGE 78
80 f oR MAKING TRANSFORMATION INTO A GOD AND
GIVING
LIGHT AND DARKNESS PAGE 78
81A f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A LOTUS PAGE 79
81B ANOTHER SPELL FOR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A LOTUS PAGE 79
82 f oR BECOMING PTAH, EATING BREAD, DRINKING BEER,
PURIFYING THE HINDER-PARTS, \AND BEING ALIVE IN HELIOPOLIS
PAGE 80

20
 83 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A PHOENIX 80
PAGE
84 f OR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A HERON PAGE 81
85 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A LIVING SOUL AND
OF NOT ENTERING INTO THE PLACE OF EXECUTION PAGE 82
86 FoR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A SWf-1,LOw PAGE 83
87 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A SNAKE PAGE 84
88 f oR BEING TRANSFORMED INTO A CROCODILE PAGE 84
89 f oR LETTING A SOUL REJOIN ITS CORPSE IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 84
90 f oR REMOVING FOOLISH SPEECH FROM THE MOUTH PAGE 85
91 FoR NOT RESTRAINING N's SOUL IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 86
92 FoR OPENING THE TOMB TO N's SOUL AND SHADE PAGE 87
93 FoR NOT LETTING N BE FERRIED OVER To THE EAsT
IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 88
94 f oR REQUESTING A WATER-POT AND A PALETTE PAGE 88
95 FoR BEING BESIDE THOTH PAGE 88
96,97 f oR BEING BESIDE THOTH AND FOR CAUSING A MAN TO
BE A SPIRIT IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 88
98 f oR FETCHING A FERRY-BOAT IN THE SKY PAGE 89
99 f oR BRINGING A FERRY-BOAT IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 90
100 THE BOOK OF MAKING A SOUL WORTHY AND OF PERMITTING
IT TO GO ABOARD THE BARK OF RE PAGE 98
101 FoR PROTECTING THE BARK OF RE PAGE 99
102 FoR GOING ABOARD THE BARK OF RE 100 PAGE
103 f oR BEING IN THE PRESENCE OF HATHOR PAGE 100
104 FoR SITTING AMONG THE GREAT GoDs PAGE 101
105 FoR PROPITIATING N's KA FOR HIM IN THE REA
LM OF THE DEAD PAGE 101
106 FoR GIVING GIFTS To N IN MEMPHIS AND IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 101
108
f oR KNOWING THE SOULS OF THE WESTERNERS 101
PAGE
109
f oR KNOWING THE SOULS OF THE EASTERNERS PAGE 102
110 THE FIELD OF OFFERINGS PAGE 103
112 FoR KNOWING THE SouLs OF PE PAGE 108
113 FoR K NOWING THE SouLs OF NEKHEN PAGE 109
114 FoR KNOWING THE SouLs OF HERMOPous PAGE
115 112 f oR ASCENDING TO THE SKY, OPENING UP THE
TOMB, AND KNOWING THE SouLs OF HELIOPOLIS
117 PAGE 113
FoR TAKING THE ROAD IN RosETJAU PAGE 113

20
118 FoR ARRIVING IN RosETJAU PAGE 113
119 FoR GOING FORTH FROM RosETJAU PAGE 113
122 f oR ENTERING AFTER COMING OUT PAGE 113
123 FoR ENTERING INTO THE GREAT MANSION PAGE 114
124 f oR GOING DOWN TO THE TRIBUNAL OF OSIRIS PAGE 114
126 PRAYER TO THE BABOONS OF THE SUN PAGE. 115
127 THE BOOK OF WORSHIPPING THE GODS OF THE CAVERNS PAG E 115
128 FoR WORSHIPPING OsIRIS PAGE 116
130 ANOTHER SPELL FOR MAKING A SPIRIT WORTHY ON THE BIRTHDAY
OF OsIRIS AND FOR MAKING A SOUL TO LIVE FOR EVER PAGE
117
131 FoR BEING IN THE PRESENCE OF RE PAGE 120
132 f oR CAUSING A MAN TO TURN ABOUT IN ORDER TO
SEE HIS HOUSE UPON EARTH PAGE 121
133 WRITING FOR MAKING A SPIRIT WORTHY PAGE 121
134 ANOTHER SPELL FOR MAKING A SPIRIT WORTHY PAGE 122
135 ANOTHER SPELL TO BE SAID WHEN THE MOON IS NEW ON THE
FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH PAGE 123
136A ANOTHER SPELL FOR MAKING A SPIRIT WORTHY ON THE f
ESTIVAL OF THE SIXTH DAy PAGE 124
136B FoR SAILING IN THE GREAT BARK OF RE AND FOR
PASSING OVER THE CIRCLE OF FIRE PAGE 126
137A f oR FOUR TORCHES FOR THE CEREMONIES WHICH ARE
CARRI ED OUT FOR A SPIRIT PAGE 127
137B FoR KINDLING A TORCH FOR N PAGE 132
138 f oR ENTERING INTO ABYDOS AND BEING IN
THE SUITE OF OSIRIS PAGE 132
140 BooK TO BE RECITED IN THE SECOND MONTH OF WI
NTER, LAST DAY, WHEN COMPLETING THE SACRED EYE
IN THE SECOND MONTH OF WINTER, LAST DAY PAGE 132
141 BooK WHICH A MAN SHOULD RECITE FOR HIS
FATHER AND SON PAGE 132
144 THE KEEPERS OF THE GATES PAGE 133
146 f oR ENTERING BY THE MYSTERIOUS PORTALS OF THE
HousE OF OsIRIS IN THE FIELD OF RusHES PAG E
135
148 f oR MAKING PROVISION FOR A SPIRIT IN THE
REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 137
149 THE FOURTEEN MOUNDS PAGE 137
150 ANOTHER LIST OF MOUNDS PAGE 145
151 f oR THE HEAD OF MYSTERY PAGE 145
152 f oR BUILDING A MANSION ON EARTH PAGE 149
\

21
153 f oR ESCAPING FROM THE NET PAGE 149
A
f oR ESCAPING FROM THE CATCHER OF FISH PAGE
153
152 f OR NOT LETTING THE CORPSE PERISH PAGE
B
152
154
FoR A DJED-PILLAR OF GOLD PAGE 155
155
FoR A KNOT-AMULET OF RED JASPER .PAGE 155
156
f oR A GOLDEN VULTURE TO BE PLACED ON THE
157
NECK OF THE DECEASED PAGE 155
f oR A GOLDEN COLLAR TO BE PLACED ON THE
158
THROAT OF THE DECEASED PAGE 155
f oR A PAPYRUS-COLUMN OF GREEN FELSPAR TO BE
159
PLACED ON THE THROAT OF THE DECEASED PAGE
155
160
f oR GIVING A PAPYRUS-COLUMN OF GREEN FELSPAR PAGE
161
155 f oR BREAKING AN OPENING INTO THE SKY PAGE
162
156
To CAUSE TO COME INTO BEING A FLAME
163
BENEATH THE HEAD OF A SPIRIT PAGE 156
f oR PREVENTING A MAN'S CORPSE FROM
164
PUTREFYING IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 158
ANOTHER SPELL FOR PREVENTING A MAN'S CORPSE FROM
165
PUTREFYING IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD PAGE 160
FoR MOORING AND NOT LETTING THE SACRED EYE BE INJURED,
166
FOR MAINTAINING THE CORPSE AND DRINKING WATER PAGE
167
161 FoR A HEADREST PAGE
168
161
169
170 FoR BRINGING A SACRED EYE BY N PAGE 162
A LITANY OF THE GODS PAGE
171
162 f oR ERECTING A BIER PAGE
172
166
f oR ASSEMBLING A BIER PAGE 170
173
f oR DONNING A PURE GARMENT PAGE 170
174
SPELLS OF PRAISING WHICH ARE MADE IN THE REALM
OF THE DEAD PAGE 170
175
THE GREETING OF HORUS TO HIS FATHER OSIRIS PAGE
176
172 f oR LETTING A SPIRIT GO OUT FROM THE GREAT GATE
177
IN THE SKY PAGE 173
f oR NOT DYING AGAIN PAGE 175
178
ANOTHER SPELL FOR NOT DYING AGAIN PAGE
179
175 f oR RAISING UP A SPIRIT AND CAUSING A
180
SOUL TO LIVE IN THE REALM OF THE DEAD
181
PAGE 175
f oR RAISING THE CORPSE PAGE 176
22
f oR
LEAVI
NG
YEST
ERDA
Y
AND
COMI
NG
INTO
TODA
Y

PAGE
177 f
oR
GOIN
G
OUT
INTO
THE
DAY

PAGE
177
FoR GOING INTO
THE TRIBUNAL OF
Osm1s

PAGE 180

23
182 f oR THE PERMA NENCE OF OSIRIS, GIVING BREATH TO
THE INERT ONE IN THE PRESENCE OF THOTH, AND REPELLING
THE ENEMY OF OSIRIS PAGE 181
183 FoR WORSHIPPI NG OSIRIS, GIVING PRAISE TO HIM AND
HOMAG E TO WENNEFER PAGE 184
185 FoR GIVING PRAISE To OsrRIS PAGE 185
186 TEXT ACCOMPANYING A PICTURE OF THE GODDESS HATHOR PAG E 185
187 FoR GOING IN To THE ENNEAD PAGE 185
188 SENDING A SOUL, BUILDING TOMB-CHAMBERS, AND
GOING OUT INTO THE DAY AMONG MEN PAGE
185
189 f oR PREVENTING A MAN FROM GOING UPSIDE
DOWN AND FROM EATING FAECES PAGE 185

24
 ----------- -------

_ ...::z.;: ., .
--

25
 --THE
SPELLS--

Illustrated above and below: Spell I Kerasher's mummy, attended byfigures of

Isis and Nephthys, lies on a boat-shaped bier which is drawn along by apriest,
as isa shrine containing a divinefigure. An incense-burner and standards are
carried towards two miniature obelisks before which the lector priest readsfrom
a papyrus.
The mummy isheld upright by a priest wearing ajackal's head while water
ispoured over itand Kerasher's widow grieves on her knees watched by an
enthroned falcon- headed Re-Horakhty. In the lower register Anubis tends the
mummyflanked by Isis and Nephthys, who kneel with agesture of mourning.
Behind are twelve of
the twenty-one portals of the House of Osiris, each represented as an elaborate
gateway behind which squats itsguardian carrying a knife. 999513

25
26
27
 INTRODUCTORY HYMN TO THE INTRODUCTORY HYMN TO OSIRIS
SuN-GoD RE
WORSHIP of Osiris Wennefer, the Great God who
Worship of Re when he rises in the dwells in the Thinite nome, King of Eternity, Lord of
eastern horizon of the sky by N Everlastin g, who passes million s of years in his lifetime
first-born son of Nut, begotten of Geb, Hei r, Lord of the
He says: Hail to you, you having come as Khepri, even Wereret-crown, whose Wh ite Crown is tall, Sovereign of
Khepri who is the creator of the gods. You rise and shine gods and men. He has taken the crook and the flail and
on the back of your mother (the sky), having appeared in the office of h is forefathers. May you r heart which is
glory as King of the gods. You r mother N ut shall use her in the desert land be glad, for you r son Horus is firm
arms on you r behalf in making greeting. The Man u on you r thron e, wh ile you have appeared as Lord of
mou ntain receives you in peace, Maat embraces you at Busi ris, as the Ru ler who is in Abydos. The Two
all seasons. May you give power and might in Lands flourish in vindication because of you in the
vindication - and a coming forth as a living soul to see presence of the Lord of All. All that exists is ushered i n
Horakhty - to the ka of N. to him i n his name of 'Face to whom men are ushered';
He says: 0 all you gods of the Soul-mansion who the Two Lands are marshalled for him as lead er in th is
judge sky and earth in the balance, who give food and his name of Sokar; his might is far-reaching, one greatly
provisions; 0 Tatenen, Unique One, creator of man feared in this his nam e of Osiris; he passes over the
kind; 0 Southern, Northern , Western and Eastern length of eternity in his name of Wennefer .
Enneads, give praise to Re, Lord of the Sky, the Sover Hail to you, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Ruler of
eign who made the gods. Worship him in his goodly Rulers, who took possession of the Two Lands even i n
shape when he appears in the Day-bark. May those who the womb of Nut; he rules the plains of the Silent Land,
are above worship you, may those who are below wor even he the golden of body, blue of head, on whose arms
ship you, may Thoth and Maat write to you daily; you r is tu rq uoise. 0 Pillar of Myriads, broad of breast,
serpen t-foe has been given over to the fire and the rebel kindly of cou ntenance, who is in the Sacred Land :
serpent is fallen, his arms are bou nd, Re has taken away May you grant power in the sky, migh t on earth and
his movements, and the Children of Impotence are non vi ndication in the realm of the dead, a journeyi ng
existent. The Mansion of the Prince is in festival, the downstream to Busiris as a living soul and a jou rneyi
noise of shouting is in the Great Place, the gods are in ng u pstream to Abydos as a heron ; to go in and out
joy, when they see Re in his appearing, his rays flooding without hind rance at all the gates of the Netherworld .
the lands. The Majesty of th is noble god proceeds, he May there be given to me bread from the House of
has entered the land of Manu, the land is bright at his Cool Water and a table of offerings from Heliopolis, my
daily birth, and he has attained his state of yesterday. toes being fi rm-planted in the Field of Rushes. May the
May you be gracious to me when I see your beauty, barley and emmer which are in it belong to the ka of
having de parted from upon earth. May I smite the Ass, the Osiris N.
may I d rive off the rebel-serpen t, may I destroy Apep
when he acts, for I have seen the abdju-fish in its
moment of bei ng and the bulti-fish piloting the canoe THE ]UDGEMENT OF THE
on its waterway. I have seen Horus as helm sman, with DEAD
Thoth and Maat beside him, I have taken hold of the
TH E H EA RT OF TH E DEAD MAN LS WEIGHED I N TH E
bow-warp of the Night-bark and the stern-warp of the
SCALES OF THE BA LANCE AGA INST TH E FEATH ER OF
Day-bark. May he grant that I see the sun-disc and
RIGHTEOUSNESS
behold the moon u nceasingly every day; may my soul
go forth to travel to every place which it desires; may my
name be called out, may it be found at the board of
offerings; may there be given to me loaves in the
--SPELL 30B --
[illustrated pp.56,57)
Presence iike the Followers of Horus, may a place be
made for me in the solar bark on the day when the god
0 my hea rt which I had from my mother! 0 m y
ferries across, and may I be received into the presence of
heart which I had from my mother! 0 my heart of
Osiris in the Land of Vindication .
my dif ferent ages! Do not stand up as a witness
For the ka of N.
against me, do not be opposed to me in the tribunal,
Vignette of Osiris In a shrine topped by an archaicfalcon and a do not be hostile to me in the presence of the Keeper
frieze of cobras stands Osiris carrying a crook,flail and was- of the Balance, for you are m y ka which was in my
sceptre. Before him is a lotus on which stand the Four Sons of
Hor.;ts; behind him is Isis carrying an ankh. 10470/30.
body, the protector who made m y mem bers hale.
Go forth to the happy place whereto we speed; do not
make my name stink to the Entou rage who make

28
men. Do not tell lies about

29
me in the presence of the god ; it is indeed well that you should hear!
Thus says Thoth, judge of truth, to the Great Ennead which is in the presence of Osiris: Hear this word of very
truth. I have judged the heart of the deceased, and his soul stands as a witness for him. His deeds are right eous in the
great balance, and no sin has been found in him. He did not diminish the offerings in the temples, he did not
destroy what had been made, he did not go about with deceitful speech while he was on earth.
Thus says the Great Ennead to Thoth who is in Her mopolis: This utterance of yours is true. The vindicated Osiris
N is straightforward, he has no sin, there is no accusation against him before us, Ammit shall not be permitted to
have power over him. Let there be given to him the offerings which are issued in the presence of Osiris, and may
a grant of land be established in the Field of Offerings as for the Followers of Horus.
Thus says Horus son of Isis: I have come to you, 0 Wennefer, and I bring N to you. His heart is true, hav
ing gone forth from the balance, and he has not sinned

30
against any god or any goddess. Thoth has judged him in writing which has been told to the Ennead, and Maat the
great has witnessed. Let there be given to him bread and beer wh ich have been issued in the presence of Osiris, and
he will be for ever like the Followers of Horus.
Thus says N: Here I am in your presence, 0 Lord of the West. There is no wrong-doing in my body, I have not
wittingly told lies, there has been no second fault. Grant that I may be like the favoured ones who are in your
suite, 0 Osiris, one greatly favoured by the good god, one loved of the Lord of the Two Lands, N, vindicated
before Osiris.

Spell 125 The Negative Confession. Withinan elaborate shrine with open doors squat the Forty-two Assessors of the Dead. Each is addressed
by name and to each Nakht denies having committed a specific sin. The confession iswitnessed by the enthroned falcon headed sun-god and the
two M aats, all carrying was-sceptres, and by
Thothasa baboon wearing the moon on his head and holding a scribe's palette. 10471/11.

31
 --SPELL 125--
[also illustrated pp.14,30,34] Hail to you , great god, Lord of Justice! I have come to
you, my lord, that you may bring me so that I may see
TH IS SPELL JS fNSERTED HER E RATHER THAN IN THE you r beau ty, for I know you and I know your name,
ACCEPTED N UMERICAL ORDER BECAUSE Of' ITS OBVIOUS and I know the names of the forty-two gods of those
CONNECTION WITH THE JUDGEM ENT. THERE lS NO who are with you in this Hall of Justice, who live on
MENT,ON OF THE WEIG HING OF THE HEART, BUT THE those who cherish evil and who gulp down their blood
DECEASED DECLAR ES TO THE TRIBUNAL OF FORTY-TWO on that day of the reckoning of characters in the
GODS THAT HE HAS NOT COMMITTED A SERI ES OF SPECJ presence of Wennefer. Behold the dou ble son of the
FlED SINS, WH ICH IN EG YPTIA N EY ES A PPAR Songstresses; Lord of Truth is your name. Behold, I
ENTLY COVERED EVERY have come to you, I have brought you truth, I have
CONCEIVABLE KIND OF WRONG repelled falsehood for you. I have not done falsehood
DOING. TH E DECLARATION, LONG K NOWN BY THE against men, I have not impoverished my associates, I
SELF- CONTRADI CTORY TITLE OF 'THE NEGATIVE have done no wrong in the Place of Truth, I have not
CONFESSION,' IS BETTER NAMED 'THE learnt that which is not, I have done no evil, I have
DECLARATION OF INNOCENCE'. not daily made labour in excess of what was due to be
done for me, my name has not reached the offices of
INTRODUCT I ON those who control slaves, I have not deprived the
orphan of his property, I have not done what the gods
What should be said when arriving at this Hall of detest, I have not calumniated a ser vant to his master,
justice, purging N of all the evil which he has done, and I have not caused pain, I have not made hungry, I
beholding the faces of the gods have not made to weep, I have not killed, I have not
commanded to kill, I have not made suffering

32
33 30
 for anyone, I have not lessened the food-offerings in the
temples, I have not destroyed the loaves of the gods, I
have not taken away the food of the spirits, I have not
copulated, I have not misbehaved, I have not lessened
food-supplies, I have not diminished the aroura, I have
not encroached upon fields, I have not laid anything upon
the weights of the hand-balance, I have not taken anything
from the plummet of the standing scales, I have not taken
the milk from the mou ths of child ren, I have not
deprived the herds of their pastures, I have not trap ped the
birds from the preserves of the gods, I have not caught the
fish of their marshlands, I have not diverted water at its
season, I have not built a dam on flowing water, I have
not quenched the fire when it is burning, I have not
neglected the dates for offering choice meats, I have not
withheld cattle from the god's-offerings, I have not
opposed a god in h is procession.
I am pure, pu re, pure, pure! My purity is the purity of
that great phoenix which is in Heracleopolis, because I am
indeed the nose of the Lord of Wind who made all men live
on that day of completing the Sacred Eye in Heliopolis in
the 2nd month of winter last day, in the presence of the
lord of this land. I am he who saw the completion of the
Sacred Eye in Heliopolis, and nothing evil shall come i nto
being against me in this land in this Hall of Justice,
because I know the names of these gods who are in it.
TH E DECLA RATION OF INNOCENCE BEFORE THE Goos
OF THE TRIBUNAL

0 Far-strider who came forth from Heliopolis, I have

done no falsehood.
0 Fire-em bracer who came forth from Kheraha, I have
not robbed.
0 Nosey who came forth from Hermopolis, I have not
been rapacious.
0 Swallower of shades who came forth from the
cavern, I have not stolen.
0 Dangerous One who came forth from Rosetja u,
I have not killed men.
0 Double Lion who came forth from the sky, I have
not destroyed food-supplies.
0 Fiery Eyes who came forth from Letopolis, I have
done no crookedness.
0 Flame which came forth backwards, I have not
stolen the god's-offerings.
Spell 125: lnashrine surmounted byakheker-frieze Osiris isenthroned,
with lsisand Nephthysbehind him, witnessing the Weighingof the
Heart of Hor. M aat,with an ostrichfeather[ orahead,introducesthe
deceased; Anubis and Horus helpwith the weighing; Thothwaitsto
writedown the resultand Ammit themonsterperches onashrme
shaped plinth beforea heaped table of offerings ready togobble
down any heart weighed down by sin. At onecorner Horand
hiswifeadore Thirty-fiveof theForty-two Assessors ofthe Dead,
each of whom holds thefeather of M aat. 1047916

31
0 Bone-breaker who came forth from Heracleopolis, 0 Temsep who came forth from Busiris, I have not
I have not told lies. made conju ra tion against the king.
0 Green of flame who came forth from Memphis, I 0 You who acted accordin g to your will, who
have not taken food. came forth from Tjebu, I have not waded in water.
0 You of the cavern who came forth from the West, 0 Water-smi ter who came forth from the Abyss, I
I have not been sullen. have not been loud voiced.
0 White of teeth who came forth from the Faiyum, 0 Co.m mander of mankind who came forth from
I have not tra nsgressed . your house, I have not revil ed God.
0 Blood-eater who came forth from the sham 0 Bestower of good who came forth from the
bles, I have not killed a sacred bull. Harpoon nome, I have not done...
0 Eater of entrai ls who came forth from the House 0 Bestower of powers who came forth from the City,
of Thirty, I have not comm itted perju ry. I have not made d istinctions for myself .
0 Lord of Tru th who came forth from Maaty, I have 0 Serpent with raised head who came forth from the
not stolen bread. cavern, I am not wealthy except with my own
0 Wanderer who came forth from Bu bastis, I have property.
eavesd ropped. 0 Serpent who brings and gives, who came forth from
0 Pale One who came forth from Heliopolis, I have te Silent Land, I have not blasphemed God in m
not babbled. y city.
0 Dou bly evil who came forth from Andjet, I have
not disputed except as concerned my own property. ADDR ESS TO TH F GoD OF TH E HALL OF JusTJ CE
0 Wememty-snake who came forth from the place of
execut i on, I have not comm itted homosexuality. Thus says N: Hail to you, you gods who are i n this
0 You who see whom you bring who came forth Hall of J ustice! I know you and I know you r names, I
from the House of Min, I have not misbehaved. will not fall to you r knives; you shall not bring the evil
0 You who are over the Old One who came forth in me to th is god in whose suite you are, no fault of
from Imau, I have not made terror. mine con cerning you shall come out, you shall tell the
0 Demolisher who came forth from Xois, I have tru th about me in the presence of the Lord of All, becau
not transgressed. se I have done what was right in Egypt, I have not revi
0 Disturber who came forth from Weryt, I have led God, and no fault of mine has come out regarding
not been hot-tempered. the reigning king. Hail to you, 0 you who a re in the
0 You th who came forth from the Heliopolitan Hall of Justice, who have no lies in you r bodies, who
nome, I have not been deaf to words of truth. live on truth and gulp down truth in the presence of
0 Foreteller who came forth from Wenes, I have Horus who is in his disc. Save me from Babai, who lives
not made disturbance. on the entrails of the old ones on that day of the great
0 You of the altar who came forth from the secret reckoning. Behold, I have come to you without
place, I have not hoodwinked. falsehood of m ine, without crime of m ine, without evil
0 You whose face is behind h im who came forth of mine, and there is no one who testifies against me, for
from the Cavern of Wrong, I have neither I have done noth ing against him. I live on truth, I gulp
misconducted myself nor copulated with a boy. down tru th, I have done what men say and witli which
0 Hot-foot who came forth from the dusk, I have the gods are pleased . I have propitiated God with what
not been neglectful. he desires; I have given bread to the hungry, water to
0 You of the darkness who came forth from the the thirsty, clothes to the naked and a boat to him who
darkness, I have not been q u arrelsome. was boadess, I have given god's offerings to the gods
0 Bringer of your offering who came forth from Sais, and invocation -offerings to the spirits. Save me,
I have not been und uly active. protect me, without you r making report against me in
0 Owner of faces who came forth from Nedjefet, I the Presence, for I am pure of mouth and pu re of hand
have not been im patient. s, one to whom is said 'Twice welcome!' by those who
0 Accuser who came forth from Wetjenet, I have not see him, because I have heard that great word which the
transgressed my natu re, I have not washed out (the noble dead spoke with the Cat in the House of Him
picture of) a god. whose mouth gapes. He who testifies of me is He
0 Owner of horns who came forth from Asy ut, I whose face is behi nd him, and he gives the cry. I have
have not been vol u ble i n speech. seen the divid ing of the ished-tree in Rosetjau, I am he
0 Nefertum who came forth from Memphis, I have who succours the gods, who knows the affairs of their
done no wrong, I have seen no evil. bodies. I have come here to bear witness to truth and to
set the balance in its proper place within the Silent Land.

32
 0 You who are uplifted on your standard, Lord of 'I will not open to you,' says the door-bolt of this
the Atef-crown , who made your name as Lord of the door, 'unless you tell my name.'
Wind, save me from your messengers who shoot forth
"'Toe of his mother" is your name.'
harm and create pu nishments and who show no indul
'I will not let you enter by me,' says the hasp of this
gence, because Ihave done what is right for the Lord of
Right. I am pu re, my brow is clean, my hinder-parts door, 'unless you tell my name.'
are clean d, and my middle is in the Pool of Truth, "'Living Eye of Sobk, Lord of Bakh u" is your name.'
there is no member in me devoid of truth . I have 'I will not open to you,' says this door, 'unless you
bathed in the Southern Pool, I have rested in the tell my name .'
Northern City, in the pu re Field of Grasshopper s, in "'Breast of Shu which he placed as a protection for
which is the crew of Re, in this second hou r of the Osiris" is your name.'
night and the third hour of the day, -and the gods are 'We will not let you enter by us,' say the cross
calmed when they pass by it by night or by day. timbers, 'unless you tell our names.'
"'Children of uraei" are your nam es.'
THE DEAD M AN IS QUESTIONED 'I will not open to you nor let you enter by me,' says
the door-keeper of this door, 'unless you tell my name.'
'You have caused him to come,' say they about me. "'Ox of Geb" is your name.'
'Who are you ?' they say to me. 'What is you r name?' 'You know us; pass by us.'
they say to me. 'I will not let you tread on me,' says the floor of this
'I am the lower part of the papyrus-plant; "He who is Hall of Justice.
on his moringa-tree" is my name.' 'Why not? I am pure.'
'What have you passed by ?' they say to me. 'Because I do not know the names of your feet with
'I have passed by the city north of the moringa- which you would tread on me. Tell them to me.'
tree.' "'Secret image of Ha" is the name of my right foot;
'What did you see there?' "Flower of Hathor" is the name of my lef t foot.'
'They were the calf and the thigh.' 'What 'You know us; enter by us.'
did you say to them ?' 'I will not announce you,' says the door-keeper of this
'I have seen the rejoicings in these lands of the Hall of Justice, 'unless you tell my name.'
Fenkhu.' "'Knower of hearts, searcher-out of bodies" is your
'What did they give you ?' name. '
'A fire-brand and a pillar of faience.' 'What 'To which god shall I announce you ?'
did you do with them ?' 'To him who is now present . Tell it to the Dragoman
'I bu ried them on the river-bank of Maat with the of the Two Lands.'
night-ritual.' 'Who is the Dragoman of the Two Lands?' 'He
'What did you find on it, the river-bank of Maat?' 'It is Thoth.'
was a staff of flint called "Giver of Breath".' 'What 'Come!' says Thoth. 'What have you come for?' 'I
did you do with the fire-brand and the pillar of have come here to report.'
faience after you had buried them ?' 'What is your condition ?'
'I called out over them, I dug them up, I quenched the 'I am pure from evil, I have excluded myself from the
fire, I broke the pillar and threw it into a canal .' quarrels of those who are now living, I am not among
'Come and enter by this door of the Hall of Justice, them.'
for you know us.' 'To whom shall I announce you ?'
'We will not let you enter by us,' say the door-posts 'You shall announce me to Him whose roof is fire,
of this door,'unless you tell our name.' whose walls are living uraei, the floor of whose house is
"'Plummet of Truth" is your name.' the waters.'
'I will not let you enter by me,' says the right-hand 'Who is he?'
leaf of this door, 'unless you tell my name.' 'He is Osiris.'
"'Scale-pan which weighs Truth" is your name.' 'Proceed; behold, you are announced. Your bread is
'I will not let you enter by me,' says the left-hand leaf the Sacred Eye, your beer is the Sacred Eye; what goes
of this door, 'unless you tell my name.' forth at the voice for you upon earth is the Sacred Eye.'
"'Scale-pan of wine" is your name.'
'I will not let you pass by me,' says the floor of this RUBRI C TO THE PRECEDING SPELL
door, 'unless you tell my name.' ,
'"Ox of Geb" is your name.' The correct procedure in this Hall of jus tice. One shall
utter this spell pure and clean and clad in white
garments

33
 Spell 125 Anubis introduces H unefer to the Weighing of his
Hearl against thefeather of Maat. Ani bis, depicted a second time, Egypt, and he shall be in the suite of Osiris. A matter a
checks the accuracy of the balance; Thothstands ready towrite million times true.
down the result,watched by the monster Ammit, who gobbles down
hearts laden with sin. Vindicated, Hunefer is introduced byfalcon-
headed
Horus-avenger-of-his-father to Osiris, who is enthroned inan
elaborate booth with Isis and Nephthus behind himand the Four
--SPELL -
Sons of Horus standing on a lotus before. Above, behind an [illustrated pp.24-5,38]
offering table and adored by H unefer, squat fo1 rteen gods and
goddesses who are witnesses to thejudgement. 9901/3. H ere begin the spells of going out into the day, the praises
and recitations for going to and fro in the realm of the
dead which are beneficial in the beautiful West, and
and sandals, painted with black eye-paint and anointed which are to be spoken on the day of burial and of going
with myrrh. There shall be offered to him meat and poul in after coming out
try, incense, bread, beer, and herbs when yo u have put
this written procedure on a clean floor of ochre overlaid Hail to you, Bull of the West - so says Thoth , the King
with earth upon which no swine or small cattle have of Eternity, of me. I am the Great God, the protector. I
trodden. As for him who makes this writing, he shall have fought for you, for I am one of those gods of the
flourish and his children shall flourish, he shall not be tribunal which vindicated Osiris against his foes on that
day of judgement. I belong to your company, 0 Osiris,
in need, he shall be in the confidence of the king and
for I am one of those gods who fashioned the Children
his entourage, and there shall be given to him a shens- of Nut, who slew the foes of Osiris and who
cake, a jug of beer, a persen-cake and a portion of im prisoned those who rebelled against him.
meat from upon the altar of the Great God; he shall not I belong to you r company, 0 Horus, I have fought
be turned back from any gateway of the West, but shall for you and have watched over you r name; I am Thoth
be ushered in with the kings of Upper Egypt and the
kings of Lower
34
 day of placing the Bark of Sokar on its sledge; I am he
who takes the hoe on the day of breaking up the earth
in Heracleopolis.
0 you who cause the perfected souls to draw near to
the House of Osiris, may you cause the excellent soul of
N to draw near with you to the House of Osiris. May he
hear as you hear, may he see as you see, may he stand as
you stand, may he sit as you sit.
0 you who give bread and beer to the perfected souls
in the House of Osiris, may you give bread and beer at
all seasons to the soul of N, who is vi ndicated with all
the gods of the Thin ite nome, and who is vindicated
with you.
0 you who open a path and open up roads for
the perfected souls in the House of Osiris, open a path
for him, open up roads for the soul of N in company
with you. May he come in freely, may he go out in peace
from the House of Osiris, withou t being repelled or
turned back. May he go in favou red, may he come out
loved, may he be vil'ldicated, may his commands be
done in the House of Osiris, may he go and speak with
you, may he be a spirit with you, may no fault be
found in him, for the balance is voided of his
misdoings.

--SPELL B--

Spell for perm itting the noble dead to descend to the

Netherworld on the day 'of interment
who vindicated Osiris against his foes on that day of
judgement in the great Mansion of the Pri nce which is in Hail to you who are in the sacred desert of the West! N
Heliopolis. I am a Busirite, the son of a Busirite, I was knows you and knows you r name; may you save him
conceived in Busiris, I was born in Busiris when I was from those snakes which are in Rosetjau, which live on
with the men who lamented and the women who mou r the flesh of men and gulp down their blood, because N
ned Osiris on the Shores of Rek hty and who vindicated knows you and knows you r names.
Osiris against his foes - so they say. 0 Re, Thoth The First One, Osiris, Lord of All, mysterious of
has vindicated Osiris against his foes - so men say. body, gives command, and he puts breath into those
Thoth has helped me so that I might be with Horus on frightened ones who are in the midst of the West; what
the day of the clothing of the Dismem bered One and of has been commanded for him is the governance of those
the opening of the caverns for the washing of the Inert who exist. May his place within the darkness be opened
One and the throwi ng open of the door of the secret thi up for him, may a spirit-shape be given to him in Roset
ngs in Rosetjau; so that I might be wi th Horus as the jau, even to the Lord of gloom who goes down as the
protector of the left arm of Osiris who is in Letopolis. I swallower of snakes in the West; his voice is heard but
go in and out among those who are there on the day he is not seen. The Great God within Busiris, those who
of crushing the rebels in Letopolis so that I may be are among the langu id ones fear him, they having gone
with Horus on the day of the Festival of Osi ris; forth u nder report to the shambles of the god.
offerings are made on the days of the Sixth-day I have come, even I the vindicated Osiris N, on busi
Festival and the Seventh-day Festival in Heliopolis. ness of the Lord of All, while Horus has taken pos
I am the priest in Busiris for the Lion-god in the session of his throne and h is father has given to him all
House of Osiris with those who raise up earth; I am he those honours which are within his father's sacred bark.
who sees the mysteries in Rosetjau; I am he who reads Horus has come with a report; he goes in that he may
the ritual book for the Soul i n Busiris; I am the Sem tell what h e has seen in Heliopolis. Their great ones on
priest at his duties; I am the Master Craftsm\an on the earth wait on him, the scribes who are on their mats mag
nify him, and there has been given to him the mottled

35
snake i n Heliopolis. He has taken possession of the sky, he
has inherited the earth, and who shall take this sky and
earth from him ? He is Re, the eldest of the gods; his Spell for not doing work in the realm of the dead
mother has su ckled him, she has given to him a nurse who
i s in the horizon.
It is I who lif t up the arm of Him who is inert; I have
This spell is to be recited after going to rest in the
West, the Tjenenet-shrine being made content with its gone out of Hermop0lis, I am a living soul, I have been
lord Osiris when going to and fro to the Sacred Bark of initiated into the hearts of the baboons.
Re; his body on his bier shall be reckoned up, and shall
be endu ring in the Netherworld, namely that of N.

Spell for causing a shabti to do work for a man in the

realm of the dead
Spell for going out into the day and living after death
0 shabti, allotted to me, if I be summoned or if I be
0 you Sole One who shine in the moon, 0 you Sole detailed to do any work which has to be done in the
One who glow in the sun, may N go forth from among realm of the dead ; if indeed obstacles are implanted for
those m ultitudes of you rs who are outside, may those you therewith as a man at his duties, you shall detail
who are in the sunshine release him, may the yourself for me on every occasion of making arable the
Netherworld be opened to him when N goes out into fields, of flooding the banks or of conveying sand from
the day in order to do what he wishes on earth among east to west; 'Here am I,' you shall say.
the living.

Spell for passing by the dangerous coil of Apep

Another like it
0 you waxen one who take by robbery and who live on
0 Atum who went forth as the Great One of the waters, the inert ones, I will not be inert for you, I will not be
having power as the Dou ble Lion, announce in your weak for you, your poison shall not enter into my mem
own words to those who are in the Presence that N bers, for my members are the members of Atum. If I am
comes as one who is in their midst, and give command not weak for you, suffering from you shall not enter into
on his behalf to the crew of Re in the evening. May N these mem bers of mine. I am Atum at the head of the
live after death like Re every day. Was Re born yester Abyss, my protection is from the gods, the lords of
day? Then will N be born. May every god be joyful eternity, I am He whose name is secret, more holy of
when N lives just as they were joyful when Ptah lived, throne than the Chaos-gods; I am among them, I have
when he came forth from the great Mansion of the Prince gone forth with Atum, I am one who is not examined, I
which is in Heliopolis. am hale, I am ha.le!

-SPELL 8 -
[illustrated p.39]
Spell for passing on the upper road of Rosetjau
Spell for opening up the West by day
I am he who fixed the limits of the flood and who judged
between the Rivals, I have come and I have removed the Hermopolis is opened and my head is sealed. 0 Thoth, the
evil which was on Osiris. Eye of Horus is unblemished, the Eye of Horus saves me,
and splendid are my ornaments from the brow of Re, father
of the gods; I am this Osiris here in the West. Osiris knows
his day, and if he does not exist in it, then I will not exist
in it. I am Re who is with the gods and I will not perish;
stand up, Horus, that I may num ber you among the gods.

36
 --SPELL 10--
[illustrated p.40]

Anoth er spell for a man's going out into the day

against his foes in the realm of the dead

I have dug up the sky, I have hacked up the horizon, I

have traversed the earth to its furthest extent, I have
taken possession of the spirits of the great ones, because
I am one who equips a myriad with my magic. I eat with
my mouth , I defecate with my hind er-parts, for I am a
god, lord of the Netherworld. I have given those things
which were established in the past, I have planned
appearance in glory .

--SPELLl--

Spell for going out against a foe in the realm of the dead

0 you who consume your arm, prepar e a path for me,

for I am Re, I have come forth from the horizon against
my foe. He has been given to me and he shall not be
taken from me. I hav e extended my arm as Lord of the
Wereret-crown, I have stridden out with the speed of the
u raeus when my foe has not been put into my hand for
me. Such is my foe; he has been given to me, he shall
not be taken from me. I hav e arisen as Horus, I have
sat down as Ptah, I am strong as Thoth, I am mighty
as Atum, I walk with my legs, I speak with my mouth
in order to seek out my foe; he has been given to me and
he shall not be taken from me.

Spell 6 Nebseny's shabti-figure which will carry out agricultural - -SPELL 12--
work on his behalf in the Other World. 9900110.
Spell for going in and out

Hail to you, 0 Re, guardian of the secrets of the gates

--SPELL 9 - which are on this neck of Geb, because of this balance
[illustrated p.39] of Re with which he weighs out justice daily.
Behold, I have hacked up the earth, and I have been
Spell for going out into the day after opening the tomb permitted to come, having grown old.

0 you Soul, greatly majestic, behold, I have come that

I may see you; I open the Netherworld that I may see
- -SPELL 13--
[illustrated p.41]
my father Osiris and drive away darkness, for I am
beloved of him. Spell for going in and out of the West
I have come that I may see my father Osiris and that
I may cut out the heart of Seth who has harmed my To me belon g all men, I have given everything to
father Osiris. I have opened up every path which is in myself. I have gone in as a falcon, I have come out as a
the sky and on earth, for I am the well-beloved son of phoenix, the god who worships Re. Prepare a path for
my father Osiris. I am noble, I am a spirit, I am me, that I may enter in peace into the beautif ul West,
equipP.ed; 0 all you gods and all you spirits, prepare for I belong to the Lake of Horus, I leash the
a path f r me. hounds of Horus.

37
38
 Above: Spells 8 and 9 ln the left-hand detail (Spell 8), Ani is
shown walking with staff and kerchief towards thefalcon Prepare a way for me, that I may go in and worship Os
and feather on a stand which symbolise the West. The sand mound iris, the Lord of Life.
from which it protrudes isflanked by a beerjug and a loaf On the
right (Spell 9), Ani adores the divine soul represented as a ram
wearing the Ate/ crown and standing on a shrine-shaped plinth
before a ewer on a stand which is topped by a lotus. l0470/ 18.
--SPELL 14 --
Spell for removing anger from the heart of the god
Left: Spell l ln the top illustration, above Ani's Canopicchest, which
is topped by a jackal, servants carry grave-goods. Mourners walk Hail to you, you who descend in power, chief of all secret
behind his mummy, which is drawn on a boat-shaped bier undera matters! Behold, my word is spoken: so says the god who
canopy attended by his grieving widow, while apriest censes and was angry with me. Wrong is washed away, and it falls
libates before it.In the lower illustration, another priest lu.strates immediately. 0 Lords of Justice, put an end to the evil
more grave-goods, which are carried by servants behind a group of harm which is in me. 0 you companions of the God of
professional mourners. An attendant carries theforeleg cutfrom a Justice, may this god be gracious to me, may my evil be
still-bleating calf to thepriests, clad inpanther-skins, who are
removed for you. 0 Lord of Offerings, as mighty ruler,
carrying out the Opening of the M outh ceremony. The mummy is
held up behold I have brought to you a propitiation-offering so
before a heaped offering-table and thepyramid -capped tomb chapel that you may live on it and that I may live on it; be
by apriest wearing ajackal's mask, while Ani's widow grieves on her gracious to me and remove all anger which is in your
knees. The Lectorpriest readsfrom a papyrus beside ritr, l objects heart against me.
depicted above a chest. l 047015 and 6.

39
 King of the Gods. The Lower Sky h as greeted you,
J us tice embraces you at all times. You traverse the
sky happily, and the Lake of th e Two Kn ives is in
content ment. The rebel has fallen, his arms are bou nd
, a kn if e has severed h is spine, bu t Re will have a
fair wind, for the Night-bark has destroyed those who
would attack him . The southerners, northerners,
westerners and east erners tow you because of the
praise of you, 0 pri meval god, whose images h ave
come in to bein g. The voice goes forth, and the earth
is inund ated with silence, for the Sole One came into
existence in the sky before the plains and the
mountains existed. The Herdsman, the Sole Lord ,
who made whatever exists, he has fashioned the
tongue of the Ennead . 0 you wh o took what is in
the waters, you issue thence on to the bank of the
Lake of Horus. I breathe the air which comes out of
you r nose, the north wind which comes forth from
you r mother. You glorify my spirit , you make the
Osiris my soul d ivine. I worship you ; be content, 0
Lord of the Gods, for you are exalted in your
firmam ent, and your rays over my breast are like the
day.

A HYMN TO OSI R I S

Worship of Osiris, Lord of Eternity, Wen nefer.

Horakhty multipl e of forms and great of shapes,
Ptah-Sokar, Atum in Heliopolis, Lord of the Shetyt
shrine, who enriches Memphis; these are the gods who
govern the Netherworld; they protect you when you go
to rest in the Lower Sky . Isis embraces you in peace and
drives away the adversary from your path . Turn your
face to the West that you may illumine the Two Lands
Spell J O Anispears a serpent symbolic of any fo rce hostile with fine gold. Those who were asleep stand up to look
to the dead. l 0470/ 18 at you ; they breath e the air, they see your face like the
shinin g of the su n-d isc in its horizon, their hearts are at
--SPELL 15-- peace because of what you have done, for to you belong
eternity and everlastin g.
Worship of Re when he rises in the horizon until the
occurrence of his setting in life A N A DDRESS. TO OSIR IS IN VAR I OUS ASPECTS

Hail to you, 0 Re, at your rising, 0 Atum-Horakhty ! Hail to you, Starry One in Heliopolis; Sun-folk in
Your beauty is worsh ipped in my eyes when the su n Kheraha ; Wenti more pow erfu l than the gods;
sh ine comes into being over my breast. You proceed at Mysteri ous One in Heliopolis.
your pleasure in the Night-bark , your heart is joyful H ail to you, Heliopolitan i n Iun-des; Great One;
with a fair wind in the Day-bark, being happy at cross Horakhty the Far-Strider when he crosses the sky : he is
ing the sky with the blessed ones. All you r foes are Horakh ty. ,
overthrown, the Unwearying Stars acclaim you, the H ail to you, Ram of Eternity, Ram who is Mendes,
Imperishable Stars worship you when you set i n the Wennef er son of Nut: he is Lord of the Silent Land .
horizon of Manu , being happy at all times, and living H ail to you in you r rule of Busiris, the Wereret-crown
and end u ring as my lord. is firm on you r head : you are the Sole One who makes
Hail to you , 0 Re when you rise and Atum when his own protection, and you rest i n Busiris.
you set. How beautiful are you r rising and you r Hail to you, Lord of the naret-tree; Sokar is placed on
shining on the back of your mother Nu t, you having his sledge, the rebel who did evil is driven off, and the
appeared as Sacred Eye is set at rest in its place.
H ail to yo u, strong in your power, the great and
40
 mi ghty one who presides over Naref, Lord of Eternity,
maker of everl astin gness: you are Lord of Heracleopolis.
Hail to you who are pleased with ju stice: you are
Lord of Abydos, and you r flesh h as enriched the Sacred
Land ; you are he who detests falsehood.
H ail to you, occupant of the Sacred Bark, who brings
the Nile from its cavern, over whose corpse the sun has
shone; you are he who is in Nekh en .
H ail to you who made the gods, the v ind icated
King of Upper and Lower Egypt Osiris, who
founded the Two Lands with h is potent deeds: you
are Lord of the Two Banks.
May you give me a path that I may pass in peace, for
I am straightforward and true; I have not wittingly told
lies, I have not committed a second fault .

ANOTHER HYMN TO THE SUN

Worship of Re when he rises in the eastern horizon of

the sky, when those who are in his following are joy fu
l.
0 Sun-d isc, Lord of the su n beams, who shin es
forth from the horizon every day: may you shine in the
face of N, for he worship s you in the mornin g, he Spell 13 H oremheb returns to his tomb chap el after gomg for th
propitiates you in the even ing. May the sou l of N go into the West. 10257/13
up with you to the sky, may he travel in the Day-bark,
may he moor in the Night-bark, may he m ix with the them when you illum i ne the lands of the gods, and it
Unwearying Stars in the sky. has not been seen in writing; the mou ntains of Punt
The Osiris N says when he honou rs his lord, the disclose Him who was hidden . You did i t alone when
Lord of Eternity : N's mouth was opened, and your sh ape was upon the
Hail to you, Horakhty, Khepri the self-created! How primeval waters. He will travel j ust as you travel, and
beautiful is your shinin g forth from the horizon when there will be no ceasing for him as for Your Maj esty,
you illumin e the Two Land s with your rays ! All the not even for a little day, for you have passed through
gods are in joy when they see you as king of th e sky, seasons of m ill ions and hund reds of thousands of
the royal serpent being firm on your head and the mom ents; when you have spent them you have gone
crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt on your vertex; to rest, you have also completed the hou rs of the
she (the ser pent) has made her seat on your brow. night, and you have regu lated and completed them
Thoth is estab lished in the bow of your Sacred according to you r regular custom. The land becom es
Bark, destroying all your foes, while those who are in bright when you reveal your self in you r place as Re
the Netherworld have come out to meet you and to see when he arises in the horizon.
this beautiful image. The Osiris N says when he worships you at your
I have come to you and I am with you in ord er to shin ing, and speaks to you when you rise early to set
see your disc every day; I will not be restrained or your shape on high: You appear in glory in magnifying
repulsed, but my flesh will be renewed at seeing your your beau ty, creating yourself ; you mould you r
beauty, like all those whom you favour, for I was one own flesh. One who fash ions but is not fashion ed, a
of those who were well esteemed by you on earth. I Re who shines in the sky. May you permit me to
have arrived at the land of eternity, I have joined reach the eternal sky, the country of the favoured ; may
myself to the land of everlastin g, and it is you who I jo in with the august and noble spirits of the realm
commanded it for me, 0 my lord. of the dead ; may I ascend with them to see your
Hail to you when you rise in you r horizon as Re who beauty when you shin e in the evening. Your mother
is pleased with ju stice; when you cross the sky, all men traverses for you the Lower Sky when you are placed
see you, after your m ovements have been hidden from in the West, and my arms are upraised in adoration at
their sight. You display yourself from morning till eve you r setting, for you are he who made eternity. I
ning on the day when celestial navigation with Your worship you when you set in the Abyss, and I set
Majes ty is successful; your rays are in men's faces, and you in my heart which is not inert, 0 you who arc
fine gold does not know them, pigment docs ;,ot report more divine than the gods.
41
42
Praise to you who rise in gold and who illumine the Two
Lands by day at your birth !Your mother Nut has borne
you on her hand, and what the sun-disc encircles is
bright because of you. Great Illum inator who shines
forth from the Abyss, who knits h is family together in
the waters, who makes festal all estates, towns and
households, who protects with his good ness, may you r
spirit be sustained with food and provisions. Greatly
feared, Power of Powers, whose throne is far from the
evil-doers; greatly majestic in the Night-bark, mightily
long-lasting in the Day-bark, may you glorif y N in the
realm of the dead, may you cause him to endure in the
West, he being devoid of evil. May you ignore my
wrong-doing and may you set me as one honou red with
the spirits; may you protect my soul in the Sacred Land,
may it navigate in the Field of Rush es, because I have
passed on in joy.

Right : Vig nette incorrectly termed Spell 16 The sun-god is

depicted as afa lcon wearing a sun-disc. He stands on the emblem of
the West, and is protected by winged udjat-eyes which carry ostrich-
feather
fans and adored by rows of deities. Beneath da.ncing baboons Isis
and Nepht hys kneel in adoration, and below them the human-head
soul of Anhai, shown twice, stands with arms raised in praise on a
plinth
set in the slopes of the eastern mountain. 10472/1

Left :Vignette infour registers incorrectly termed Spell 16 H

or kneels in a boat steered by Horus adoring the sun -god. I
n the second register the sun-disc, streaming rays, is held up
by two
goddes;es between the symbols of East and West,and is guarded
by the Four Sons of Horus with knives on their knees. Below this
the sun-disc is raised up betweenfour representations of Hor's
human headed soul to be adored by baboons and protected by
animated ankhs carrying ostrich-feather fans. I n the bottom
register Hor and his wife, seated separately beside offering-tables,
are lustrated and censed by a priest. l0479/ l l

Below: Part of Spell 17 H unefer sits in a booth playing senet, while

his human-headed soul stands on a shrine-shaped plinth with arms
raised in praise. On the right H unefer kneels in adoration of the
two lions of the horizon over whose backs the sun rises daily.
9901/5

43
THE GOD REPLIES: You shall ascend to the sky, you shall before the Supports of Shu had come into being, when
traverse the firmament, you shall associate with the stars, he was upon the hill which is in Hermopolis, when he
who shall ma ke acclamation to you in the Sacred Bark. destroyed the Children of Impotence on the hill which is
You shall be summoned into the Day-bark, you shall see in Hermopolis.
Re within his shrine, you shall propitiate his disc daily, I am the Great God, the self -created .
you shall see the bulti-fish in its shape in the stream of Who is it? The Great God, the self-created, is water,
turq uoise, you shall see the abdju-fish in being, the ser he is Nun, father of the gods. Otherwise said: He is Re.
pent of evil having fallen according as was foretold for He who created his names, Lord of the En nead.
him, the sharp knives having cut his spine apart for me. Who is he? It is Re who created his names and his
Re shall sail with a fair wind, and the Night-bark shall be members, it means the coming into existence of those
wiped clean for me. The crew of Re shall reach him with gods who are in his suite.
joy, and the Lady of Life will be happy when the hostile Iam he who is not opposed among the gods.
serpent has fallen to her lord. You shall see Horus whose Who is he? He is Atum who is in his sun-disc. Other
face is kindly, with the standards of Thoth and Maat on wise said: He is Re when he rises in the eastern horizon
his hands; all the gods will be in joy when they see Re of the sky.
coming in peace to vivify the hearts of the spirits, and the To me belongs yesterday, Iknow tomorrow .
vindicated Osiris N shall be with them . What does it mean? As for yesterday, that is Osiris.
As for tomorrow, that is Re on that day in which the
foes of the Lord of All were destroyed and his son
SPELL 16 DOES NOT EXIST. Tttrs NUMBER WAS Horus was made to rule. Otherwise said: That is the day
OR!GJNALLY ALLOTTED TO A VlGNETTE OF THE RlSI NG of the 'We-remain' festival, when the burial of Osiris
SUN WHICH WAS INTENDED TO BE AN ILLUSTRATION was ordered by his father Re.
TO ACCOMPA NY A SUN-H YMN. The battle-grou nd of the gods was made in accord
ance with my command .
What does it mean? It is the West. It was made for the
SPELL 17 souls of the gods in accordance with the command of
Osiris, Lord of the Western Desert. Otherwise said: It
[illustrated pp.43 ,45,46,47 ,48,50-1] means that this is the West, to which Re made every god
descend, and he fought the Two for it.
TH rS LENGTHY SPELL I S ACCOM PANIED BY AN EQUALLY Iknow that Great God who is in it.
LENGTHY SERIES OF VIGNETTES . THE SPELL, WHICH Who is he? He is Osiris. Otherwise said : His name
HAS A LONG HISTORY BEHIND lT, CONSISTS IN EFFECT is Re, his name is Praise-of-Re, he is the soul of Re,
OF A STATEMENT OF DOCTR INE REGARDING THE with whom he himself copulated.
SUN-GOD, LATER BECOMING A SPELL ON BEHA LF OF THE I am that great phoenix which is in Heliopolis, the
DECEASED, BUT AT FREQUENT JNTERVALS THE TEXT rs supervisor of what exists.
INTERRUPTED BY A SERIES OF EXPLANATORY GLOSSES Who is he? He is Osiris. As for what exists, that
WHICH ATTEMPT TO ELUCIDATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF means his injury. Otherwise said: That means his corpse.
WHAT HAS J UST PRECEDED . To THE MODER N Other wise said: It means eternity and everlasting. As
READER, THE GLOSSES ARE OFTEN MORE OBSCURE
for eter nity, it means daytime; as for everlasting, it
THAN THE MAIN TEXT.
means night.
I am Min in his going forth, I have set the plumes on
Here begin praises and recitations, going in and out my head.
of the realm of the dead , having benefit in the What does it mean? As for Min, he is Horus who
beautiful West, being in the suite of Osiris, resting at
protected his father. As for his going forth, it means his
the food table of Wennefer, going out into the day,
birth. As for his plumes on his head, it means that Isis
taking any shape in which he desires to be, playing at
and Nephthys went and put themselves on his head
draughts, sitting in a booth, and going forth as a living
when they were the Two Kites, and they were firm on
soul by the Osiris N after he has died. It is beneficial
his head. Otherwise said: They are the two great and
to him who does it on earth.
mighty u raei which are on the brow of his father Atum.
Now come into being all the words of the Lord of
Otherwise said: The plumes on his head are his eyes.
All: Iwas Arum whenIwas alone in the Abyss; I was Re
When I was in my land, I came into my city.
in h is glorious appearings when he began to rule what
he had made.
What does it mean? It means Re when he began to Part of Spell 17 Osiris squats on a mat holding a crook and flail.
rule what he had made, when he began to appear as king, To the right H unefer adores the Phoenix, soul of Re, which
stands behind an offering-table. 990 l/6

44
 What is it? It is the horizon of my father Atum. 0 you who are in my presence, give me your hands,
I destroy what was done wrongly against me, I dispel for indeed I am he who grew up among you.
what was done evilly against me. What does it mean? It means the blood which fell
What does it mean? It means that the navel-string from the phallus of Re when he took to cutting himself.
of N will be cut. Then there came into being the gods who are in the
All the ill which was on me has been removed. presence of Re, who are Authority and Intelligence, while I
Whf1-t does it mean? It means that I was cleansed on followed after my father Atum daily.
the day of my birth in the two great and noble marshes I restored the Sacred Eye after it had been injured on
which are in Heracleopolis on the day of the oblation by that day when the Rivals fought.
the common folk to the Great God who is in them. What What does it mean? It means the day when Horus
are they? 'Chaos-god' is the name of one; 'Sea' is the fought with Seth when he inflicted injury on Horus's face
name of the other. They are the Lake of Natron and the and when Horus took away Seth's testicles. It was Thoth
Lake of Maat. Otherwise said: 'The Chaos-god governs' who did this with his fingers.
is the name of one; 'Sea' is the name of the other. I lif ted up the hair from the Sacred Eye at its time of
Otherwise said: 'Seed of the Chaos-god' is the name of wrath.
one; 'Sea' is the name of the other. As for that Great God What does it mean? It means the right Eye of Re when
who is in them, he is Re himself . it raged against him after he had sent it out. Itwas Thoth
I go on the road which I know in front of the Island of who lif ted up the hair from it when he fetched it in good
the Just. condition without its having suffered any harm. Other
What is it? It is Rosetjau. The southern gate is in wise said : It means that his Eye was sick when it wept a
Naref, the northern gate is in the Mound of Osiris; as for second time, and then Thoth spat on it.
the Island of the Just, it is Abydos . Otherwise said: It is I have seen this sun-god who was born yesterday from
the road on which my father Atum went when he pro the buttocks of the Celestial Cow; if he be well, then
ceeded to the Field of Rushes. will I be well, and vice versa.
I arrive at the Island of the Horizon-dwellers, I go out What does it mean? It means these waters of the sky.
from the holy gate. Otherwise said: It is the image of the Eye of Re on the
What is it? It is the Field of Rushes, which produced morning of its daily birth. As for the Celestial Cow, she is
the provision s for the gods who are rou nd about the the Sacred Eye of Re.
shrine. As for that holy gate, it is the gate of the Supports Because I am one of those gods who are in the suite of
of Shu. Otherwise said: It is the gate of the Netherworld. Horus, who spoke before him all that my lord desired.
Otherwise said: It is the door through which my father Who are they? They are Imsety, Hapy, Duamutef and
Atum passed when he proceeded to the eastern horizon of Qebehsenuef.
the sky. Hail to you, Lords of J ustice, tribunal which is behind

45
 Above: Part of Spell 17 The Phoenix, soul of Re, stands before a Below: Part of Spell 17 The protective goddesses of Upper and
ewer on a stand, topped with a lotus. The mummy of Ani, wearing Lower Egypt as cobras curl around the plant emblems of south and
its mask, lies on a bed in theform of a lion, beneath which are a north. To the right, behind a heap of offerings and the Sacred Eye in
scribe's palette , a chest and two containers. The elaborate booth is a circle, two water-gods kneel on mats with representatiom of the
flanked by Isis and Nephthys as kites. l0470/7 Lake of Natron and the Lake of Maat between them. 990116

--- - • .a II
•

46
Osiris,who put terror into the doers of wrong, who are in
the suite of Her who makes con tent and protects. Here
am I; I have come to you that you may d rive out all the
evil which is on me just as you did for those seven spirits
who are in the suite of the Lord of Sepa, whose places
An ubis made ready on that day of 'Come thence'. Who are
they? As for those gods the Lords of Justice, they are Seth
and Isdes, Lord of the West. As for the tribunal which
is behind Osiris, Imsety, Hapy, Duam utef and
Qebehsenuef, it i s these who are behind the Great Bear
in the northern sky. As for those who put terror into the
doers of wrong, who are in the suite of Her who makes
content and protects, they are Sobk and those who are in
the waters. As for Her who makes con tent and protects,
she is the Eye of Re. Otherwise said: She is a flame
which follows after Osiris, bu rning up his enemies. As
for all the evil which is on me, it is what I have done
among the lords of etern ity ever since I came down
from my mother's womb. As for these seven spirits,
Imsety, Hapy, Duam utef, Qebehsen uef, He who sees his
father, He who is u nder his moringa-tree, and Horus the
Eyeless, it is they who were set by Anu bis as a protection
for the burial of Osiris. Otherwise said: Behind the
embalming place of Osiris. Otherwise said:
Below: Part of Spell 17 Thoth offers the udjat-eye to M ekhwert,
the Celestial Cow, who reclines on a shrine-shape d plinth. Jn the Above: Part of Spell 17 A god squats in a shrine with open
centre H unefer kneels in praise of a coffin-shaped chest from doors which represents the entrance to the Other World.990
which a human head emerges and which is flanked by the
l/7
mummiform Four Sons of Horus. 990 l/8

47
As for these seven spirits, they are Ned jehd jeh, Aked ports of Shu, giving air with the breath of you r mouth,
ked, Bull whose flame was set for him in front of his bu illum inati ng the Two Lands with you r su nshine, may
rning, He who entered into him who is in his hou r, the
you save me from that god whose shape i s secret, whose
Red-eyed who is in the Mansion of Red Linen, the
eyebrows are the arms of the balance, on that night of
Radiant One who comes out af ter having tu rned back,
He who sees in the nigh t what he shall bring by day. As reckoning up the robbers .
for the head of th is tribunal, his name is He who sub Who is he? It is he who uses his hand on that night of
dued the Great One. As for that day of 'Come to me', it reckoning up the robbers, on that night of the flame
means that Osiris said to Re, 'Come to me that I may see against the fallen, when the lasso was put on the wrong
you' - so said he in the West. doers at the shambles for killing souls.
I am h is twin souls which are within the Two Who is he? He is Shesmu, he is the m utilator of Osiris.
Fledglings. Otherwise said: He is Apep, he has only one head which
Who is he? He is Osiris when he entered into Mendes. He bears righteousness. Otherwise said: He is Horus, he has
found the soul of Re there and they embraced each other. two heads, one bearing right and one bearing wrong; he
Then his twin souls came into being. Now as for the Two gives wrong to whoever does it and right to whoever
Fledglings, they are Horus the Protector of his father and comes with it. Otherwise said: He is Horus the Great,
Horus the Eyeless. Otherwise said: As for his twin souls pre-eminent in Letopolis. Otherwise said: He is Thoth.
which are with in the Two Fledgli ngs, they are the soul of Otherwise said: He is Nefertum, son of Bastet. These are
Re, the soul of Osiris, the soul which is in Shu, the soul the tribu nal who take action against the enemies of the
which is i n Nut, h is twin souls which are in Mendes. Lord of All.
I am that great Cat who split the ished -tree on its side in Save me from those who deal wounds, the slayers
Heliopolis on that night of making war on behalf of those whose fingers are sharp, who deal out pain, who decapi tate
who warded off the rebels and on that day in which were those who follow after Osiris; they shall not have power
destroyed the enemies of the Lord of All . over me, and I will not fall into their cauldrons. Who is
What does it mean? As for that Cat, he is Re himself, he? He is Anu bis, he is Horus the Eyeless.
who was called 'Cat' when Sia spoke about him ; he was Otherwise said: It is the tribunal who took action against
cat-like in what he did, and that is how his name of 'Cat' the foes of the Lord of All. Otherwise said: He is the
came into being. Otherwise said: He will be Shu making an master-physician of the Court. Their knives shall not have
inventory for Geb and for Osiris. As for the splitting of power over me, I will not fall into their cauld rons, because
the ished-tree on its side in Heliopolis, i t was when the I know them , I know their names, I know the name of
Child ren of Impotence carried out what they did. As for that smiter among them who belongs to the House of
that night of making war, it means that they entered into Osiris, who shoots with his eye, yet is unseen. The sky is
the east of the sky, and war broke out in the entire sky enci rcled with the fiery blast of h is mouth and Hapi makes
and earth. report, yet he is u nseen.
0 Re who are in you r Egg, shining in you r d isc, ris I was one who was hale on earth with Re and who
ing in you r horizon, swimming over you r firmament,
Part of Spel/ 17 Five squatting ram-headed gods carrying ankhs
having no equal among the gods, sailing over the Sup-
are named as Re, Shu., Tefnut, Geb and the soul of M endes. The
cat
of Re cuts up the evil serpent Apep before the sacred ished-tree of
, Heliopolis. 9901/8

48
 died happily with Osiris; your offerings will not come emies, who put knives into the slaugh ter-houses, who do
into being through me, 0 you who are in charge of you r not leave their guard ianship; their knives shall not cut
braziers, because I am in the suite of the Lord of All at into me, I shall not enter into their slaughter-houses, I
the edict of Khepri. I fly up as a falcon, I cackle as a shall not fall victim to their slaughter-blocks, I shall not sit
goose, I pass eternity like Nehebkau. down in their fish-traps, no harm shall be done to me
What does it mean? It means that as for those who are from those whom the gods detest, because I have passed
in chane of their braziers, they are the likeness of the on, having bathed in the Milky Way, one ro whom has been
Eye of Re and the likeness of the Eye of Horus. given a meal of the faience which is in the Tjenenet-
0 Re-Atum, Lord of the Great Mansion, Sovereign of shrine.
all the gods, save me from that god whose face is that of a What does it mean? As for Khepri in the midst of his
hound but whose skin is human, who lives by butchery, bark, he is Re h imself . As for those who are in charge of
who i's in charge of the windings of the Lake of Fire, those who are to be examined, they are the two sun
:v swallows corpses, who controls hearts, who inflicts
mJ ury unseen .
apes, Isis and Neph thys. As for those things which the
o Who is he? 'Swallower of Myriads' is his name, and he
gods detest, they are faeces and falsehood. As for him
who passed on, havi ng bathed in the Milky Way, he is
dwells in the Lake of Wenet. Now as for that Lake of Anubis who is behind the chest which contains the entrails
Fire, it is what is between Naref and the House of the of Osiris. As for him to whom has been given a meal of
Entourage. As for anyone who treads on it, beware lest the faience wh ich is in the Tjenenet-shrine, he is Osiris.
he fall to the knives. Otherwise said: 'He of the Sharp As for the meal of faience which is in the Tjenenet-
Knife' is his name, and he is door-keeper of the West. shrine, it is sky and earth. Otherwise said: It means that
Otherwise said: Babai is his name, and he is the guardian Shu ham mered out the Two Lands in Hera cleopolis. As
of this interior of the West. Otherwise said: 'He who is for faience, it is the Eye of Horus. As for the Tjenenet-
over his affairs' is his name. shrine, it is the tomb of Osiris.
0 Lord of Terror who is at the head of the Two How well built is your house, 0 Atum! How well
Lands, 0 Lord of Blood whose slaughter-blocks are founded is your mansion, 0 Double Lion ! Run, run to
flourishing, who lives on entrails. this! If Horus be respected, Seth will be divine, and vice
Who is he? He is the heart of Osiris, and he devou rs versa . I have come into this land, I have made use of my
all kinds of slaughtering. feet, for I am Atum, I am in my city. Get back, 0 Lion,
To whom was given the Wereret-crown and joy in bright of mouth and shining of head ; retreat because of
Heracleopolis. my strength, take care, 0 you who are invisible, do not
Who is he? As for him to whom was given the await me, for I am Isis. You found me when I had dis
Wereret-crown and joy in Heracleopolis, he is Osiris. arranged the hair of m y face and my scalp was disor
To whom was entrusted ru lership among the gods on dered. I have become pregnant as Isis, I have conceived as
that day when the Two Lands were u nited in the Nephthys. Isis drives out those who would await me,
presence of the Lord of All. Nephthys drives off those who would d istu rb me. The
Who is he? As for him to whom was entrusted dread of me follows after me, my dignity is before me,
rulership among the gods, he is Horus son of Isis, who millions bend their arms to me, the common folk serve
was made ruler in the place of his father Osiris on that me, the associates of my enemies are destroyed for me,
day when the Two Lands were u nited. It means the union the Grey-haired ones u ncover their arms for me, the well-
of the Two Lands at the bu rial of Osiri s. disposed give sweet things to me, those who are in
Potent Ram who is in Heracleopolis, who gives good Kheraha and those who are in Heliopolis create things for
fortune and drives off wrong-doers, to whom the way of me. Every god is afraid because so great and mighty is m y
eternity is shown. protection of the god from him who would vilify him.
Who is he? He is Re himself. Malachite glitters for me, I live according to my will, for
Save me from that god who steals souls, who laps up I am Wad jet , Lady of the Devou ring Flame, and few
. corruption, who lives on what is putrid, who is in charge of approach me.
darkness, who is immersed in gloom, of whom those who What does it mean?. 'Secret of shape, the arms of
are among the languid ones are afraid. Hemen' is the name of the fish-trap. 'He who sees what he
Who is he? He is Seth. Otherwise said: He is the great brings by hand' is the name of the storm-cloud. Otherwise
Wild Bull, he is the soul of Geb. said: The name of the slaughter-block. As for the Lion
0 Khepri in the midst of you r Sacred Bark, primeval whose mouth is bright and whose head is shining, he is the
one whose body is eternity, save me from those who are in phallus of Osiris. Otherwise said: He is the phallus of Re.
charge of those who are to be examined, to w,hom the As for my having disarranged the hair of my face and
Lord of All has given power to guard against his en- having d isordered my scalp, it means that

49
Isis was in the shrine of Sokar and she rubbed her hair. In the presence of the great tribunal which is in Pe and
As for Wadjet, Lady of the Devouring Flame, she is the Dep on that night of confirming the heritage of Horus in
Eye of Re. As for those few who approach her, it means respect of the property of his father Osiris.
that the confederacy of Seth are near her, because what is In the presence of the great tribunal which is in the
near her is burning. Two Banks on that night when Isis mourned for her
If a man speaks this spell when he is in a state of pur brother Osiris.
ity, it means going forth after death into the day and In the presence of the great tribunal which is in Aby
assuming whatever shape he desires. As for anyone who dos on that night of the baker-festival and of the num
shall read it daily for his own benefit, it means being hale on bering of the dead and the spirits.
earth; he shall come forth from every fire and nothing evil In the presence of the great tribunal which is on the
shall reach him. It is a matter a million times true; I have Road of the Dead on that night of making inquiry into
seen and it has indeed come to pass through me. him who is nothing.
In the presence of the great tribunal which is in the
Great Devastation.
In the presence of the great tribunal which is in Naref. In
--SPELL 20-- the presence of the great tribunal which is in Roset
jau or: that night when Horus was vindicated against his
THE DECEASED APPEALS TO THOTH TO VINDICATE HIM enemies.
BEFORE THE TRIBUNALS OF THE GODS Horus has become great happily, the Two Conclaves
are pleased about it, and Osiris is glad. 0 Thoth, vin
0 Thoth, you who vindicated Osiris against his enemies, dicate N against his enemies in the tribunal of every god
may you entrap the enemies of N in the presence of the and every goddess, and in those tribunals of Osiris
tribunals of every god and every goddess: which are behind the shrine.
In the presence of the great tribunal which is in Heli
opolis on that night of battle and of felling those who Part of Spell 17 Ani kneels in praise of the bark of the sun-god
rebelled. which sails on the sign for sky. In it squats Khepri, with a scarab for
In the presence of the great tribunal which is in Busi ris a head, protected by an udjat-eye and adored by two baboons. In
the centre Atum, within his disc and accompanied by the hieroglyph
on that night of erecting the two djed-pillars. for 'attendance', sails towards a lion which reclines on a shrine-
In the presence of the great tribu nal which is in Leto shaped plinth. Wadjet, in cobra-form, is entwined in the
polis on that night of performing the night-ritual in overhanging
Letopolis. papyrus plants which shade the lion. In front of the plinth isa ewer
on a stand, topped by a lotus, and behind, aflame in a brazier.
10470/ I 0

50
 --SPELL 21--
Spell for giving a mouth to N for him in the realm of
--5PELL
the dead 23--
[illustrated p.53]
Hail to you, Lord of Light, pre-em inent in the Great
Mansion, in charge of the twilight! I have come to you Spell for opening the mouth of N
spiritualised and pu re. Your arms are about you and
your portion of food is before you; may you give me my My mouth is opened by Ptah and what was on my mouth
mouth with which I may speak, and may my heart guide has been loosened by my local god. Thoth comes indeed,
me at its hour of destroying the night.

--5PELL 22--
..;
I;

,';,
I
I ;
2 't
Spell for giving a mouth to N for him in the realm of
the dead
1• •
. !
't

II'
I have arisen from the Egg which is in the secret land, my
mouth has been given to me that I may speak with it in
:
.
the presence of the Great God, Lord of the Nether world;
my hand shall not be thrust aside in the tribunal of all ...
.
gods, for I am Osiris, Lord of Rosetjau. I will share with }

this one who is on the dais, for I have come for what ;.i
my heart desires
for me.into the Lake of Fire which is
.
:•
quenched ;.
.
uI _J
•
r f
.
i J

Right: Spell 22 The Keepe r of the Scales touches the mouth of

Nebseny to give him the power of speech. 990015
q

51
filled and equ ipped with magic, and the bonds of - -SPELL 25--
Seth which restri cted my mouth have been loosened.
Atum has wa rded them off and has cast away the Spell for causing that N be remembered in the realm of
restrictions of Seth. the dead
My mouth is opened , my mouth is split open by Shu
wi th that iron harpoon of his with which he split open A name has been given to me in the Per-wer, my name
the mouths of the gods. I am Sakhmet, and I sit beside has been remem bered in the Per-neser, on that night of
Her who is i n the great wind of the sky; I am Orion the reckoning the years and of counting the mon ths. I am
Great who dwells with the Souls of Heliopolis. this builder, I sit on the eastern side of the sky. As for
As for any magic spell or any words which may be any god who shall not come following after me, I will
uttered against me, the gods will rise up against it, even declare his name to those who are yet to be.
the entire Ennead .

- -SPELL 26--
--SPELL
Spell for giving N's heart to him in the realm of the dead
24--
My heart is mine in the House of Hearts, my heart is
Spell for bringing magic to N mine in the House of Hearts, my heart is mine, and it is
at rest there. I will not eat the cakes of Osiris on the
I am Atum-Khepri who came into being of h imself upon eastern side of the Gay-water in the ba rge when you sail
the lap of his mother Nut, who gave ja ckals to those who downstream or upst ream, and I will not go aboard the
are in the Abyss and hunting-dogs to those who are in boat in which you are. My mouth will be given to me
the tribunal. I have collected this magic in every place that I may speak with it, my legs to walk, and my arms
where it was, from the possession of anyone who pos to fell my enemy. The doors of the sky are opened for
sessed it, more speedily than a hound, more swiftly than a me; Geb, chiefest of the gods, throws open his jaws for
shadow. 0 you who bring the ferry-boat of Re, streng me, he opens my eyes which were closed up, he extends
then you r rope in the north wind. Ferry upstream to the my legs which were contracted ; Anubis strengthens for
Island of Fire beside the realm of the dead, collect this me my thighs which were joined together; the goddess
magic from wherever it may be, from the possession of Sakhmet stretches me out. I will be in the sky, a com
anyone who may possess it, more speedily than a hound, mand shall be made for my benefit in Memphis, I shall
more swiftly than a shadow. Transform yourse lf into a
Spells 25 and 26 I n the right-hand detail (Spell 25) Ta-Amen-iw
heron, the mother who created you ; the gods are presents a papyrus scroll to a standing god and guarantees that her
hushed, you r mother has made you warm for the gods. name will be remembered . On the left (Spell 26) she kneels clasping
Now there is given to me this magic, to whomsoever it her heart before her human-headed soul, which wears a djed
may belong, more speedily than a hound, more swiftly around its neck and stands on a plinth. 1008615
than a shadow.

52
 Spells 27, 28 and 30 Ta-Amen-iw kneels, clasping her heart, before --SPELL 28 --
three gods who squat on a plinth (SpeLL 27). The central detail [also illustrated p.56]
shows her standing with arms raised inpraise before her heart on an
offering-table, behind which squats a god on a plinth with a was
sceptre on his knee (SpeLL 28). On the Left (SpeLI 30) Ta-Amen-iw Spell for not permitting N's heart to be takenfrom him
adores the scarab in whoseform is made the amulet which wiLL in the realm of the dead
guarantee her vindication at the Weighing of her H eart.
10086/5 0 Lion, I am a weneb-flower; the shambles of the god is
what I abhor, and m y heart sh all not be taken from me by
be aware in my heart, I shall have power in my heart, I those who fought in Heliopolis.
shall have power in my arms, I shall have power in my THE ORIGINAL SPELL EN DS HERE. WHAT FOLLOWS IS A
Legs, I shail have power to do whatever I desire ; my soul VERY CORRUPT ADD ITION WH ICH lS VI RTUA LLY
and my corpse shall not be restrained at the portals of UNTRANSLATABLE.
the West when I go in or out in peace.

--SPELL 27--
[also illustrated p.55]

Spell for not permitting a man's heart to be taken from

him in the realm of the dead

0 you who take away hearts and accuse hearts, who

recreate a man's heart (in respect of) what he has done, he
is forgetful of himself through what you have done. Hail
to you, lords of eternity, founders of everlasting! Do
not take N's heart with your fingers wher ever his heart
may be. You shall not raise any matter harmf ul to him,
because as for this heart of N, this heart belon gs to one
whose names are great, whose words are mighty , who
possesses his members. He sends out his heart which
controls his body, his heart is announced to the gods, for
N's heart is his own, he has power over it, and he will not
say what he has done. He himself has power over his
mem bers, his heart obeys him, for he is you r Lord and
you are in his body, you shall not turn aside. I command
you to obey me in the realm of the dead, even I, N, who Spell 23 Nakht, seated on a backless chazr, has his mouth opened
am vindicated in peace and vind icated in the beautiful by afalcon-headed god using the ritual adze and so regams all
West in the domain of eternity. ' his faculties for use in the Other World. 1047 L/8

53
 --SPELL 29 - --5PELL 29A -
Spell for not permitting a man's heart to be taken away Spell for not taking away the heart of one whose
from him in the realm of the dead conduct has been vindicated in the realm of the dead.
Get back, you messenger of any god !Have you come to My heart is with me and it shall not be taken away, for I
take away this hea rt of mine which belongs to the living? I am a possessor of hearts who u nites hearts. I live by truth,
will not let you take away this heart of mine which in which I exist; I am Horus who is in hearts, he who is in
belongs to the living who move abou t. The gods who the middle of what is in the body. I live by saying what is
rest for me have heard, falling headlong on their faces... in in my heart, and i t shall not be taken away ; my heart is
their own land . mine, and none shall be aggressive
Below: Part of Spell J illustrati11g Spell 23 TheSem-priest, clad ina officiantscarry a heart andforeleg cutfrom astill-bleating calf
panther-skin, censes and lustrates behind aheapof offerings; other towards a table heaped with offerings, a chest and ritual
priests present containersand raise ritual implements toopen implements laid out readyfor the Opening of the M outh ceremony.
themouth of H unefer'smummy, which isheld uprightby apriest 990115
wearing a jackal's mask and lamented byhiswidow,Nasha .Behind
isafunerary stela standing before H unefer'spyramid-capped Right:Spel/ 27Anistands inpraise before hisheartona
tombchapel. Below, standard behind which squatfour gods. 10470/16

54
against it, no terror shall subd ue me. I take it that I may
be in the body of my father Geb and of my mother Nut,
for Ihave committed no sin against the gods, and noth ing
--SPELL 30A--
shall be ded ucted in that respect from my vindication.
Spell for not letting N's heart create opposition against
him in the realm of the dead
--SPELL 29B --
[illustrated p.158] 0 my heart which I had from my mother, 0 my heart
which Ihad upon earth, do not rise up against me as a
witness in the presence of the Lord of Things; do not
Spell for a heart-amulet of sehret-stone
speak against me concerning what I have done, do not
bring up anything against me in the presence of the
I am the phoenix, the soul of Re, who gu ides the gods Great God, Lord of the West.
to the Netherworld when they go forth. The souls on
Hail to you, my heart! Hail to you, my heart! Hail to
earth will do what they desire, and the soul of N will go you, my entrails! Hail to you, you gods who are at the
forth at his desire. head of those who wear the sidelock, who lean on their
staffs! May you say what is good to Re, may you make
me to flourish, may powers be bestowed when I go forth,
having been interred among the great ones who long
endure upon earth.
Not dying in the West, but becoming a spirit in it.

--SPELL 30B--
See page 27

55
 A RUBRIC FOR SPELL 30A,B
[also illustrated p.53]

To be inscribed on a scarab made from neph rite,

mounted in fine gold, with a ring of silver, and placed at
the throat of the deceased. This spell was found in
Hermopolis, u nder the feet of this god. It was written
on a block of mineral of Upper Egypt i n the writing of
the god himself and was discovered in the time of the
Majesty of the vin dicated King of Upper and Lower
Egypt Menkaure. It was the king's son Hordedef who
found it while he was going arou nd making an
inspection of the temples.

--SPELL 3 --
[also illustrated p.58]

Spell for driving off a crocodile which comes to take

away N's magic from him in the realm of the dead

Get back! Retreat! Get back, you dangerous one! Do

not come against me, do not live by my magic; may Inot
have to tell this name of you rs to the Great God who
sent you ; 'Messenger' is the name of one and Bedty is
the name of the other.
THE CROCODI LE SPEA KS: Your face belongs to
right eousness. The sky encloses the stars, magic encloses its
settlements, and my mouth encloses the magic which is
in i t. My teeth are a knife, my tusks are the Viper Above: Spells 28, 30, 31 and 32 On thefar right M utirdais reveres
Mountain . her heart, which is on a stand before afalcon-headed god, who squats
THE DECEASED REPLIES: 0 you with a spine who on a shrine-shaped plinth (Spell 28). Beside this she is shown adoring
the scarab in whoseform the amulet which guarantees her
would work you r mouth against this magic of mine, vindication at the Weighing of her Heart is made (Spell 30). The
no crocodile which lives by magic shall take it away. scarab is on a standard . On the left (Spells 31 and 32) the husband
of M utirdais repulses with a spear the crocodiles which would steal
her magic. 995114
--SPELL 32 -
Right: Spell 30 Ast-wert kneels clasping her heart before an offering
table topped by a lotus. Behind is the scarab in whose form the
Spell for repelling a crocodile which comes to take away amulet which will guarantee her vindication at the Weighing of her
a spirit's magic from him in the realm of the dead Heart is made. It holds a sun-disc in its back legs. 10039/3

The Great One has fallen on his side, but the Ennead Get back, you crocodile in the East! The nau-snake is in
have pulled him together. Icome, my soul speaks with my belly, and Ihave not given myself to you; your flame
my father, and Ihave this Great One from those eight will not be on me.
crocodiles. Iknow them by their names and their lives, Get back, you crocodile of the South, living on
and Isave my father from them. faeces, smoke and want! Detestation of you is in my
Get back, you crocodile of the West, who lives on belly, and my blood is not in you r hand , for Iam
the Unwearying Stars! Detestation of you is in my Sopd.
belly, for Ihave absorbed the power of Osiris, and Get back, you crocodile in the South! Iwill erase
Iam Seth. you, for Ibecome a bebet-herb, and Ihave not given
Get back, you crocod ile of the West! The nau-snake myself to you.
is in my belly, and Ihave not given myself to you; Get back, you crocodile of the North, living on the ...
your flame will not be on me. which is in the midst of the stars! Detestation of you is in
Get back, you crocodile of the East, who lives on my belly, you r poison is in my head ; I am Atum.
those who are m utilated! Detestation of you is in Get back, you crocodile in the North! A scorpion is
my belly, and Ihave gone away, for Iam Osiris. in my belly, but Iwill not give it birth.

56
 I am one whose eyes are green, what exists is in my
grasp, what does not exist is in my belly, I am clad and
equipped with you r magic, 0 Re, even this which is
57
above me and below me. I am ..., I am exalted, my
throat is wide open in the house of my father the Great
One; he has given to me yon beautiful West which
destroys the living; strong is its lord, who daily is
weary in it. My vision is cleared, my heart is in its
proper place, m y uraeus is with me every day. I am Re,
who himself pro tects himself, and nothing can harm
me.

--SPELL
33--
Spell for driving off a snake

0 Rerek-snake, take yourself off, for Geb protects me;

get up, for you have eaten a mouse, which Re detests,
and you have chewed the bones of a putrid cat.
Spell 31 Nakht wards off with a knife the crocodiles who seek
to steal his magic. 10417/16
--SPELL 34--
Spell for not being bitten by a snake in the realm of
the dead

0 cobra, I am the flame which shines on the brows of

the Chaos-gods of the Standard of Years. Otherwise
said: the Standard of Vegetation. Begone from me, for I
am Mafdet!

- -SPELL 35--
Spell for not being eaten by a snake in the realm of
the dead

'O Shu,' says He of Busiris, and vice versa. Neith is

wearing the head-cloth, Hathor makes Osiris glad, and
who is he who will eat me ? Depart, leave me, pass me
by, you snake; it is the sam-plant which wards you off, Spell 36 Nakht repulses with a knife the apshai-insect, represented
,as a beetle. l 047 l /16
this is the leek of Osiris which he asked for when he
was bu ried. The clouded eyes of the Great One have --SPELL 37--
fallen on you, and Maat will exam ine you for [also illustrated p.60]
judgement.
Spell for repelling two Songstress-snakes

- -SPELL 36-- Hail to you, you two compan ions, sisters,

Spell for repelling a beetle Songstresses! I have divided you with my magic, for
I am he who shines in the Night-bark, I am Horus,
Begone from me, 0 Crooked-lips! I am Khnum, Lord son of Isis, and I have come to see my father Osiris.
of Peshnu, who despatches the words of the gods to Re,
and I report affairs ro their master.
--SPELL 38A--
Spell for living by air in the realm of the dead

I am Atum who ascended from the Abyss to the

Celestial

58
59
Above: Spells 33, 35, 38B and 39 Jn each of the two right- Above: Spell 38A Nakht sits on a lion-footed chair holding a sail
hand details Horemheb repulses a snake with a spear (top: which will enable him to live by air in the Other World. I 047l/8
Spell 33, bottom: Spell 35). J n the detail at the top left (Spell
38a) Horemheb raises two sails and an ankh which will Below: Spells 36 and 37 On the left (Spell 36) Nakht spears a pig
enable him to breathe and live in the realm of the dead. and a snake which would harm him. On the right (Spell 37) he
Below this he repels with a spear the rerek-snake (Spell 39). wards
1025714 off with a knife the two Songstress-snakes. 1047l/14

60
 cut, I go aboard the Bark of the just, I join those who are in the
Day-bark when I

Spells 37 and 38n The detail at the top shows Ta-amen-iw

repulsing with two spears an undulating serpent which
represents
the two Song stress-snakes (Spell 37). In the bottom detail (Spell
38n) she holds a lotus and raises a sail before Osiris, who is
enthroned behmd an offering-table topped by a lotus,
guaranteeing that she will live by air in the Other World.
1008616

Waters, I have taken my seat in the West and I give or ders to the
spirits whose seats are hidden, for I am the Double Lion, and
acclamation is made to me in the Bark of Khepri. I eat in it and
have become strong thereby, I live in it on air, and I drink in the
Bark of Re. He opens a road for me, he throws open the gates of
Geb. I have carried off those who are in the net of the Great One,
I have governed those who are in their shrines, I have associated
with Horus and Seth, the Two Lords. I des patch the Elders on
my own account, I come and go wi thout having my throat
61
attend on Re in his presence in the horizon, I daily live after death
, I am strong throu gh the Double Lion and I live after death, even
I, N, who fills full the earth, who comes forth as the bloom of the
lotus-plant, who makes the Two Lands content.
''· SPELL 38B --
[also illustrated p.59]

Spell for living by air in the realm of the dead

I am the Double Lion, the first-born of Re, Atum of Chemmis;

those who are in their booths (serve me), those who are in their
boles guide me, there are made for me ways which encircle the
Celestial Waters on the path of the bark of Atum. I stand on the
deck of the Bark of Re, I proclaim his words to the common folk
and I re peat his words to these whose throats are constricted; I
have judged my forefathers at eventide, I open my mouth, I eat
life, I live in Busiris, and I live again after death like Re every day.
--SPELL 39--
[illustrated p.59]

Spell for repelling a rerek -snak e in the realm of the dead

Get back! Crawl away! Get away from me, you snake! Go, be
drowned in the Lake of the Abyss, at the place where your father
commanded that the slaying of you should be carried out. Be far
removed from that abode of Re wherein you trembled, for I am
Re at whom men tremble; get back, you rebel, at the knives of
his light. Your words have fallen becau se of Re, your face is
turned back by the gods, your heart is cut out by Mafdet, you are
put into bonds by the Scorpion-goddess, your sen tence is carried
out .by Maat, those who are on the ways fell you.
Fall! Crawl away, Apep, you enemy of Re! 0 you who escape
massacre in the east of the sky at the sound of the roaring storm,
open the doors of the horizon before Re, that he may go forth,
wearied with wounds. I do what you desire, 0 Re, I do what is
good, I act as one who pleases, 0 Re, I cause your bonds to fall, 0
Re. Apep bas fallen to your destruction, the southern, northern,
western and eastern gods have bound their bonds on him, Rekes
bas felled him, be who is over the partisans has bound him, and
Re is content, Re proceeds in peace. Apep the enemy of Re has
fallen down, and what you have experienced is greater than that
experi ence which is in the heart of the Scorpion-goddess; great
is what she has done against you with the everlasting pains
which are hers. You shall not become erect, you

62
shall not copulate, 0 Apep, you enemy of Re. Oppo sition is are you? I am ...
made against you, 0 you whom Re hates when he looks on
you.
Get back! You shall be decapitated with a knife, your face
shall be cut away all rou nd, your head shall be re moved by
him who is in his land, your bones shall be broken, you r limbs
shall be cut off ; the earth-god has condemned you, 0 Apep,
you enemy of Re.
0 Re, your crew ... may you rest there, for your pos
sessions are there. Bring to the house, bring your Eye to the
house, bring what is good; may no evil opposition come- forth
from your mouth against me, being what you might do
against me, for Iam Seth, who can raise a tumult of storm in
the horizon of the sky like one whose will is destruction - so
says Atum.
Lift up your faces, you soldiers of Re, and keep Nen dja away
from the tribunal for me - so says Geb. Make yourselves firm,
0 you who are on your seats aboard the bark of Khepri. Take
your ways and your weapons which are put into your hands
for you - so says Hathor. Take your javelins - so says Nut.
Come, drive away that enemy of his, namely Nendja, that
those who are in his shrine may come and that he may ferry
himself in soli tude, even he the Lord of All, who shall not be
opposed
so say those primeval gods who circumambulate the Lakes of
Turquoise. Come, 0 Great One whom we worship; save us, 0
you whose shrines are great, from whom the Ennead came
forth, to whom what is bene ficial is done, to whom praise is
given; may someone re port it to you and me - so says Nut -
for yonder Happy One - so say those who are among the
gods. May he go forth, may he find the way, may he plunder
the gods, may he rise early in front of Nut, and may Geb
stand up
so says the Terrible One. The Ennead is on the move, the door
of Hathor has been infringed, and Re is tri umphant over
Apep.

--SPELL 40--
[illustrated p.62]

Spell for repelling him who swallowed an ass

Get back, you Male whom Osiris detests, whose head Thoth
has cut off! I have done everything in respect of you which
was said about you in the Ennead in order to carry out your
destruction.
Get back, you whom Osiris in the Neshmet-bark detests when
he sails southward with a fair wind !Purify yourselves, all you
gods, and fell with shouting the enemies of Osiris, Lord of the
Thinite nome.
Get back, you swallower of an ass, whom Ha who is in the
Netherworld detests! I know, I know, I\ know, I know! Where

63
--SPELL 41--
Spell for preventing the slaughter which is carried out in the
realm of the dead

0 Atum, spiritualise me in the presence of the Double Lion,

the Great God; may he open for me the portal of Geb, that I
may do homage to the Great God who is in the realm of the
dead; may you induct me into the pres ence of the Ennead
who preside over the Westerners.
0 you door-keeper of the City of the Bee which is in the West,
may Ieat and live by air, may he who is safe and great guide
me to the Great Bark of Khepri, and may
I speak to the evening crew; may Icome and go, may I see who
is there; I will raise him up, I will speak my words to him,
when my throat is constricted. May I live, may I be saved after
sleeping.
0 Bringer of offerings who open you r mouth, con firm the
writings for offerings, establish Maat on her throne for me;
confirm the tablets, establish the god
desses in the presence of Osiris the Great God, the ruler of
eternity, who reckons up his seasons, who listens to them of
the islands, who raises his right arm when he commissions the
great ones whom he sends into the great tribunal which is in
the realm of the dead.

Spell 41 Ankhwahibre repul ses with a spear the symbolic

representation of slaughter, depicte d as conventionally
drawn vertebrae toppe d by a serpen t. 1055817

64
 not gripped by my hand s, and there are no men, gods, spirits, dead
men , patricians, comm on folk, un-folk or robbers who shall harm
me. I go forth hale, one whose name is unknown, I am Yesterday ; on
e who views a million years; my name is one who passes on the
paths of those who are in charge of destinies. Iam the Lord of
Eternity; may l be re-cogn ised as Khepri, for I am the Lord of the
Wereret-crown.
I am he in whom is the Sacred Eye, and who is i n the Egg, and it is
granted to me to l ive by them .
I am he in whom is the Sacred Eye, namely the Closed Eye, I am u
nder its protection. I have gon e out, I have risen up, I have gone in, I
am alive.
I am he in whom is the Sacred Eye, my seat is on my throne, I dwell
in my abode with it, for I am Horus who treads down millions, my
throne has been ordered for me, and I wi ll ru le from it. Behold, my
mouth is what speaks and what keeps silence, and I am precise.
Behold, my shape is tu rned upside down. I am Wennefer, season by
season, whose attribu tes (come) in to hi m one by one when he
travels around.
I am he in whom is the Sacred Eye, and nothin g shall come into
being against me, no evil cutting off and no uproa r, and there shall
be no danger to me.
I am he who opened a door in the sky, who ru les from his throne,
Spell .JO Nakht spears the snake which is swallowing cin ass. who adjud ges those who are born this day; there is n o child who
I047 1/ 16 treads yesterd ay's road, and today is mine. 0 people on people, I am
he who protects you for aeons. Are you in being, you sky-folk,
earthlings, south erners, northerners, easterners and westerners, is
the fear of me i n your bellies? I am he who fashioned w ith his Eye,
--SPELL 42-- and I will not die again. My striking power is in your bellies, my shape
Spell for preventing the slaughter which is carried out in H is before me; I am ... and I ignore th e wrath in your faces against
eracleopolis me; I am joyful, and there can be fou nd no season when he could
harm me. Where is the sky ? Where is the earth ? Their off spring are
0 Land of the Staff! 0 Crown of th e Statue !0 Stand ard which is rebuffed and they are disunited. My name overpasses it, namely
rowed ! I am the Child! 0 Great Kid, I speak to you today! The everyth ing evi l, for great are the spoken words whi h I speak to you
shambles is equipped with what you know, and you have come .
to it ... I am Re, continually praised ; I am the knot of the god wi I am one who rises and sh i nes, wall of walls, most unique of the
thin the tamarisk. How beautifu l is the ... with him! unique ones, and there is no day devoid of its duties. Pass by !
I am Re, continually praised; I am the knot of the god within Behold, I have spoken to you, for I am the flower wh ich came out of
the tamarisk ; if I am hale, then will Re be hale today. the Abyss, my mother is Nut. 0 you who created me, I am one who
My hair is Nu n; my face is Re; my eyes are Hathor; my ears are cannot tread, the great knot within yesterday; my arm is knot ted
Wepwawet; my nose is She who presides over her lotus-leaf ; into my hand, I will not know h im who would know me, I will not
my lips are An u bis; my molars are Selket; my incisors are Isis grasp h im who would grasp me. 0 Egg, 0 Egg, I am Horus who
the goddess; my arms are the Ram, the Lord of Mendes; my presides over myriads, my fiery breath is in the faces of those whose
breast is Neith, Lady of Sais; my back is Seth; my phallus is hearts wou ld move against me. I ru le from my th rone, I pass time
Osiris; my muscles are the Lords of Kheraha; my chest is He on the road which I have opened up. I am released from all evil, I am
who is greatly majestic; my belly and my spine are Sakhmet; the golden baboon, three palms and two fingers h igh, wh ich has n
my buttocks are the Eye of Horus; my thighs and my calves arc either arms nor legs, i n front of Mem ph is. If I am hale, then w ill
Nut; my feet are Ptah; my toes are living falcons; there is no the ba boon wh ich is in front of Memph is be hale.
mem ber of m ine devoid of a god, and Thoth is the protection
of all my flesh.
I am the daily sun, I am not grasped by my arms, I am

65
 -SPELL - - -SPELL -
43- 44-
Spellfor preventin g a man's decapitation in the realm of the Spell f or not dying again in the realm of the dead
dead
My cavern is opened, the spirits fall within the darkness. The Eye of
I am a .Great One, the son of a Great One, I am a flame, the Horus makes me holy, Wepwawet has ca ressed me; 0 Imperishable
son'of a flame, to whom was given his head after it had been Stars, hide me among you.
cut off. The head of Osiris shall not be taken from him, and my
head shall not be taken from me. I am knit together, just and Spell 42 Nakht wards off slaughter by adoring twenty major deities
young, for I indeed am Osiris, the Lord -of Eternity . squatting in a shrine with open doors. Each of the deities is
associated by name with a component part of Nakht 'sanatomy.
10471117

i m:

66

63
Spell 43 Ani reveres three standing deities, who hold ankhs and was-sceptres, in the hope of avoiding decapitation. 10470/17
--SPELL 46 --
My neck is Re, my vision is cleared, my heart is in its proper [illustrated p.66]
place, my speech is known.
THE GOD RE SPEAKS: I am Re who himself protects himself ; I Spell for not perishing and for being alive in the realm of the dead
do not know you, I do not look after you, your father the son of
Nut lives for you. 0 you young men of Shu of the morning, who have power over those
THE DECEASED REPLIES: I am you r eldest son who sees your who flash among the sun-folk, whose arms move about and whose
secrets, I have appeared as King of the Gods, and I will not die heads sway to and fro; may I move about every day.
again in the realm of the dead.
--SPELL 47 --

--SPELL 45 --- Spell for pre venting the taking of N's place and throne from him in
[illustrated p.66] the realm of the dead

Spell for not putrefying in the realm of the dead 0 Place of mine, 0 Throne of mine, come and serve me, for I am your
lord. 0 you gods, come in my company, for I am the son of your lord,
Weary, weary are the members of Osiris! They shall not be you are mine, for it was my father who made you.
weary, they shall not putrefy, they shall not decay, they shall
not swell up! May it be done to me in like manner, for I am
Osiris.
As for him who knows this spell, he shall not putrefy in Osiris's
realm of the dead

64
Spells 53 and 55 Onthe right Ta-Amen-iw is seated before a and a sail before an offering-table topped by a lotus; behind this
table of offerings behind which stands a mummiform god stands Osiris holding a was-sceptre. 10086/6
holding a crook and flail (Spell 55) . On the left (Spell 55) she
stands holding a lotus

--SPELL 50-- to me. I detest what is detestable, I will not eat faeces, I will not
[illustrated p.66] drink urine, I will not walk head downward.
I am the owner of bread in Heliopolis, bread of mine is in the sky
Spell for not entering into the shambles of the god with Re, bread of mine is on earth with Geb, and it is the Night-
bark and the Day-bark which will bring it to me from the house of
The four knots are tied about me by the guard ian of the sky. the Great God who is in Heliopolis. I am loosed from my windings, I
He has made the knot firm for the Inert One on his thighs on make ready the ferry-boat of the sky, I eat of what they eat, I live
that day of cutting off the lock of hair. on what they live on, I have eaten bread in every pleasant room.
The knot was tied about me by Seth, in whose power the --SPELL 54--
Ennead were at first, before uproar had come into being,
when he caused me to be hale. Spell for giving breath to N in the realm of the dead
The knot was tied about me by Nut, when I first saw Maat,
when the gods and the sacred images had not yet been born. 0 Atum, give me the sweet breath which is in your nos tril, for I am
I am a heavenborn, I am in the presence of the Great Gods. this Egg which is in the Great Cackler, I am the guardian of this
great being who separates the earth from the sky. If I live, she will
--SPELL 53-- live; I grow young, I live, I breathe the air. I am he who splits iron, I
Spell for not eating faeces or drinking urine in the realm of the go rou nd about the Egg, tomorrow is mine throu gh the striking
dead power of Horus and the strength of Seth. 0 you who sweeten the
state of the Two Lands, you with whom are provisions, you wi th
I am the horned bull who rules the sky, Lord of Celestial whom is lapis-lazuli, beware of Him who is in his nest; the Youth
Appearings, the Great Illuminator who came forth from the goes forth against you.
heat, who harnesses the years; the Double\ Lion is glad, and
the movement of the sunshine has been granted

65
Below: Spell 50 Ani walks away f rom the shambles represented Above :Spells 44, 45 and 46 On the left Ani sits on a chair with lions'
symbolzcally by a knife dripping blood on two supports which feet, holding a staff and kherep-sceptre , before a table stacked with
protrude from a sand mound. 10470/ 16 fla t loaves (Spell 44). The central detail (Spell 45) shows Ani's
mummy wearing a mummy mask and tended by Anubis, god of
embalming. On the right a doorway isfl anked by theph oenix and
Ani 's human-headed soitl (Spell 46). 10470/ 16

--SPELL 55--
[illustrated p.65]

Spell for giving breath in the realm of the dead

I am the jackal of jackals, I am Shu who draws the air into the
presence of the sunshine to the limits of the sky, to the limits of the-
earth, to the limits of the plume of the nebeh-bird, and air is given to
those youths who open my mouth so that I may see with my eyes.
--SPELL 56--
Spell for breathing air among the waters in the realm of the dead

0 Atum , give me the sweet breath which is in you r nos tril, for I seek
out that great place which is in Wenu, I have guarded that Egg of the
Great Cackler. If I be strong, it will be strong; if I live, it will live; if I
breathe the air, it will breathe the air.

66
--SPELL 57 --
[illustrated p.91]

Spell fo r breathing air and having power over water in the

realm of the dead

0 Hapi, Great One of the sky in this your name of 'The sky is
safe', may you grant that I have power over water like
Sakhmet who saved Osiris on that night of storm. Behold, the
Elders who are before the throne of 'Abun dance' have sent to
me just as that august god whose name -they do not know
sent them, and they send me likewise. My nostrils are opened
in Busiris, I rest in Heli opolis, my house is what Seshat built
for me, Khnum stands up for me on his battlements .
If the sky comes with the north wind, I will dwell in the south;
if the sky comes with the south wind, I will dwell in the north;
if the sky comes with the west wind, I will dwell in the east; if
the sky comes with the east wind, I will dwell in the west. I will
pull the skin of my
nostrils, I will open up at the place where I desire to be.

Below: Spells 58 and 59 On the left Ani and his wife Tutu stand
in a pool with trees in the background, holding sails and
raising water to their lips, thus guaranteeing themselves
breath and power over water (Spell 58). On the right Ani Above:Spell 56 Padiamennebnesutawy kneels in adoration of Atum,
kneels beside a pool and receives water and food from a tree who squats wearing the Double Crown and holding a sail on his
goddess (Spell 59). 10470/16 knee, thus guaranteeing breath in the Other World. I0253/ I

67
--SPELL 58-- --SPELL 59 --
[illustrated p.67] [illustrated p.67]

Spell for breathing air and having power over water in the Spellfor breathing air and having po wer over waterin the realm of
realm of the dead the dead

Open to me! 0 you sycamore of the sky, may there be given to me the air which is
Who are you ? What are you ? Where did you grow up? I am in it, for I am he who sought out that throne in the middle of Wenu
one of you . and I have guarded this Egg of the Great Cackler. If it grows, I will
Who is with you ? grow; if it lives, I will live; if it breathes the air, I will breathe the air.
It is the two Songstress-serpents.
You shall separate head from head when approaching the
Milky Way . --SPELL 61--
I shall cross to the Mansion of Him who finds faces; 'Collector
of souls' is the name of the ferryman, 'Tresses of hair' is the
name of the oars, 'Thorn' is the name of the bailer; 'Precise and Spell for not letting a man's soul be taken away from him in the
accurate' is the nam e of the steering oar, like him who realm of the dead
smoothed thin gs over when you bu ried yourself in the waters;
you shall give me a jug of milk, a shens-loaf, a persen-loaf, a ju I am he, I am he who came forth from the flood, to whom
g of beer and a portion of meat in the Mansion of Anu bis. abundance was given, that I might have power thereby over the
As for him who knows this spell, he will go in after coming out River.
in the cemetery of the beautiful West.

--SPELL 62 -

Spell for drinking water in the realm of the dead

May the great water be opened for Osiris, may the cool water of
Thoth and the water of Hapi be thrown open for the Lord of the
Horizon in this my name of Pedsu. May I be granted power over the
waters like the limbs of Seth, for I am he who crosses the sky, I am
the Lion of Re, I am the Slayer who eats the foreleg, the leg of beef is
extended to me, the pools of the Field of Rushes serve me, limitless
eternity is given to me, for I am he who inherited eternity, to whom
everlasting was given.

--SPELL63A -
[illustrated p.70]

Spell for drink ing water and not being burnt by fire

0 Bull of the West, I am brought to you, for I am that oar of Re with

which the Old Ones are rowed. I will be neither burnt up nor
scorched, for I am Babai, the eldest son of Osiris, for whom all the
gods have assem bled within his Eye in Heliopoli s; I am the trusted
Spell 61 Ant clasps his human-headed soul tohis chest heir when
toprevent it
bemg caken away m the Otherworld. I 0470/ 15

68
the Great One is inert, my name will be strong for me, and
assuredly you will live daily through me.
- -SPELL66--
Going out into the day
--SPELL 63B --
I know that I was conceived by Sakhmet and borne by Saris. I am
Spell for not being scalded with water Horu s who came forth from the Eye of Hor us, I am Wadjet who
came forth from Horus, I am Hor us who flew up, I have lighted on
I am that equipped oar wi th which Re is rowed when the the vertex of Re in the prow of his bar k which is in the Abyss.
Old Ones are rowed and the efflux of Osiris is up raised -at the
Lake of Flames which does not bu rn, I have climbed in the --SPELL67--
sunshine. 0 Khnum who is in charge of whips, come, cut away Spell for opening the tomb
the bonds from him who travels on this road on which I
have ascended. The cavern is opened for those who are in the Abyss, and those
who are in the su nshine are released ; the cav ern is opened for
Shu, and if he comes out, I will come out. I will go down into the
- -SPELL 65-- earth-open ing, I will receive
..., for I have grasped the lashings in the house of Him who is in
Spell for going out into the day and having power over one's charge of the mooring-posts. 1 will go down to my seat which is in
enemy the Bark of Re; may I not suffer throu gh being deprived of my seat
which is in the Bark of Re the great who rises and sh ines in the
Re sits in his Abode of Millions of Years, and there assemble waterway of the lake.
for him the Nine Gods with hidden faces who dwell in the
Mansion of Khepri, who eat abundance and who drink the --SPELL68--
drinks wh ich the sky brings at dawn. Do not permit me to be Spell for going out into the day
carried off as booty to Osiris, for I have never been in the
confederacy of Seth, 0 you who sit on your coils before Him The doors of the sky are opened for me, the doors of the earth are
whose soul is strong, let me sit on the throne of Re and take opened for me, the door-bolts of Geb are opened for me, the
possession of my body before Geb; may you gran t that Osiris shutters of the sky-windows are thrown open for me. It is he who
may go forth vind icated against Seth; may the dreams of Seth guarded me who re leases me, who binds his hand on me and
be the dreams of a crocod ile. 0 you whose faces are hidden, thrusts h is hand on to me on earth, the mouth of the Pelican is
who preside over the Mansions of the King of Lower Egypt, opened for me, the mouth of the Pelican is thrown open for me,
who clothe the gods in the Sixth-day Festival, who weave for the mouth of the Pelican is given to me, and I go out into the day to
ever and who knot eternally, I have seen the Pig put into the place where I desire to be.
fetters, but indeed he who was put under ward has been May I have power in my heart, may I have power in my heart, may I
released, the Pig has been loosed. I have been reborn, I have have power in my arms, may 1 have power in my legs, may I have
gone forth in the shape of a living spirit whom the common power in my mouth, may I have power in all my members, may I
folk worshi p on earth. 0 you sick one who would harm me, be have power over invocation-offerings, may I have power over
driven off from the wall of Re. Let me see Re, let me go forth water, may I have power over air, may I have power over the
against my enemies, let me be vi nd icated against them in waters, may I have power over the streams, may I have power over
the trib unal of the Great God in the presence of the Great riparian lands, may I have power over the men who would harm
God. If you do not let me go forth against that enemy of mine me, may I have power over the women who wou ld harm me i n
that I may be vindicated against him in the tribu nal, then the realm of the dead, may I have power over those who would
Hapi shall not ascend to the sky that he may live on truth, nor give ord ers to harm me upon earth.
shall Re descend to the waters that he may live on fish. Then A GOD REPL IES: Surely i t will be according to what
shall Re ascend to the sky that he may live on truth, and Hapi
descend to the waters that he may live on fish, and the great
day on earth shall end its con dition. I have come against that
enemy of mine, and he is given over to me, he is fi n ished and
silen t in the ribu nal.

69
Spell 6J,1 Nakht stands in a pool cupping water to his lips, while a tree goddess offersfood and pours a stream of water over him.
10471/8

you say to me. You shall live on the bread of Geb, and you shall the day, he shall walk on earth among the living and he shall never
not eat what you detest. You shall live on bread of white suffer destruction. A matter a million times true.
emmer and beer of red barley of Hapi in the pure place; you
shall sit u nder the branches of the tree of Hathor who is pre- - SPELL 69--
eminent in the wide solar disc when. she travels to Heliopolis
bearing the script of the divine words, the book of Thoth. You Spell for being the successor of Osiris
shall have power in your heart, you shall have power in your
heart, you shall have power in you r mouth, you shall have I am the Rad iant One, brother of the Radiant Goddess, Osiris the
power in you r arms, you shall have power over water, you brother of Isis; my son and his mother Isis have saved me from my
shall have power over the waters, you shall have power over enemies who wou ld harm me. Bonds are on their arms, their
the streams, you shall have power over the riparian lands, you hands and their feet, because of what they have done evilly against
shall have power over the men who would harm you, you shall me. I am Osiris, the first-born of the company of the gods, eldest of
have power over the women who would harm you in the realm the gods, heir of my father Geb; I am Osiris, Lord of persons, alive of
of the dead, you shall have power over those who would give breast, strong of hinder -parts, stiff of phallus, who is within the bou
orders to harm you on earth or in the realm of the dead. Raise ndary of the common folk.
yourself upon you r lef t side, put you rself upon your right I am Orion who treads his land, who precedes the stars of the sky wh
side, sit down and stand up, throw off your dust, may your ton ich are on the body of my mother Nut, who conceived me at her
gue and your mouth be wise. desire and bore me at her
As for whoever knows this book, he shall go out into

70
will. I am Anubis on the Day of the Centipede, I am the Bull self hale. Release him, loose him, put him on earth, caus him to be
who presides over the field. Iam Osiris, for whom his father loved: so says the One-faced Lord con cernmg me.
and mother sealed an agreement on that day of carrying out 0 Horus in the southern sky, 0 Thoth in the northern sky, pacify for
the great slaughter; Geb is my father and Nut is my mother, me the raging fiery serpent, raise up Maat for me to Him whom she
Iam Horus the Elder on the Day of Accession, Iam Anubis of loves: so says Thoth.
Sepa, Iam the Lord of All, Iam Usiris. 0 Thoth, make me hale just as you made yourself hale. Release him,
0 you Eldest One who have come in, say to the col lector of loose him, put him on earth, cause him to be loved: so says the
writings and to the door-keeper of Osiris that One-faced Lord concerning me.
Ihave come, being a spirit, fully reckoned and divine; I have Iam the weneb-flower of Naref, the nebheh-flower of the hidden
come that Imyself may protect my body, that Imay sit on the horizon: so says Osiris.
birth-stool of Osiris and get rid of his sore suf fering. Iam 0 Osiris, make me hale just as you made yourself hale. Release him,
mighty and divine upon the birth-stool of Osiris, for l was born loose him, put him on earth, let him
with him when he was very young. Iuncover those knees of be loved: so says the One-faced Lord concerning me.
Osiris, Iopen the mouths of the gods because of them, Isit 0 you who are terrible on your feet, who are in action, Lord of the
beside him, and Thoth has gone forth happy with a thousand Two Fledglings: as the Two Fledglings live, make me hale just as you
of bread (and a thousand of beer) upon my father's altar, with made yourself hale. Release him, loose him, put him on earth,
my dappled cattle, long-horns, red cattle, geese and poultry cause him to be loved: so says the One-faced Lord concerning me.
for offering which Igave to Horus and offered to Thoth; my 0 you of Nekhen who are in your Egg, Lord of the Celestial Waters,
place of slaughter belongs to Him who is over the place of make me hale just as you made your self hale. Release him, loose
sacrifice. him, put him on earth, cause him to be loved: so says the One-
faced Lord concerning me.
--SPELL 70-- Rise up, 0 Sobk, in the midst of your river-bank; rise up, 0 Neith, in
the midst of your riparian land. Release
Otherwise said: My place of slaughter belongs to Him who is
over the place of sacrifice, I am happy and pleased with the Spell 71 The Celestial Cow M ekhwert with an ankh around her neck
altar of my father Osiris. I rule in Busiris, I tra vel about on its reclines on a low plinth facing afalcon with upraised wings. 10086/7
river-banks, I breathe the east wind be cause of its tresses, I
grasp the north wind by its braided lock, I grip the south wind
by its plaits, I grasp the west wind by its nape. I travel around
the sky on its four sides, I give breath to the blessed ones
among those who eat bread.
As for him who knows this book on earth, he shall come out
into the day, he shall walk on earth among the
living, and his name shall not perish for ever.

--SPELL 71--

Spell for going out into the day

· 0 you falcon who rise from the Abyss, Lord of the Cel estial
Waters, make me hale just as you made yourself hale.
Release him, loose him, put him on earth, cause him to be
loved: so says the One-faced Lord concerning me. 0 you
falcon within the shrine, may I be revealed to Him on whom
is a fringed garment: so says Horus son
of Isis.
0 Horus son of Isis, make me hale as you mae your-

71
Spell 72 Nakht walks out into the day from hispyramid-capped tomb chapel before which grows a tree. 10471114
--SPELL 72--
him, loose him, put him on earth, cause him to be loved : so
says the One-faced Lord concerning me. Spell for going out into the day and opening up the tomb
0 you seven knots, the arms of the balance on that night of
setting the Sacred Eye in order, who cut off heads, who sever Hail to you, you owners of souls, who are devoid of wrong, who exist
necks, who take away hearts, who snatch hearts, who make a for all eternity! Open to me, for I am a spirit in my own ,shape, I have
slaughter in the Island of Fire: I know you, I know your names; power by means of this my magic, and I am recognised as a spirit.
may you know me just as I know you r names; if I reach you, Save me from aggressors in this land of the just, give me my mouth
may you reach me; if you live through me, may I live through that I may speak with it, let my arms be extended in your pres ence,
you; may you make me to flourish with what is in you r hands, because I know you, I know you r names, I know the name of that
the staff which is in your grasp. May you destine me to life Great God before whom you place you r provisions, whose name is
annu ally; may you grant to me many years of life over and Tjekem. He opens up the eastern horizon of the sky, he alights in the
above my years of life; many months over and above my western horizon of the sky, he removes me so that I may be hale.
months of life; many days over and above my days of life; many The Milky Way will not reject me, the rebels wil l not have power
nights over and above my nights of life, until I depart. May I over me, I shall not be turned away from your portals, the doors
rise to be a likeness of myself, may my breath be at my nose, shall not be closed against me, because my bread is in Pe, my beer is
may my eyes see in company with those who are in the horizon in Dep, my hands shall be ... there, there shall be given to me my
on that day of dooming the robber. father Atum, there shall be established for me my houses in the sky
As for him who shall recite this spell, it means pros perity on and on earth, with uncou nted emmer therein; offering shall be
earth with Re and a goodly burial with Osiris; it will go very well made to me there of food by my son of
with a man in the realm of the dead, and there shall be given to
him the loaves which are issued daily in the Presence. A matter
a million times true.

72
 ·-- _., ,
my body, you shall give invocation-offerings of
bread and beer, incense and unguent, and all
things good and pure whereon a god lives, in very
deed for ever, in any shape which I desire, and
faring downstream and up stream in the Field of
Rushes, for T am the Double Lion. As for him who
knows this book on earth or it is put in writing on
the coffin, it is my word that he shall go out into
the day in any shape that he desires and shall go
into his place without being turned back, and
there shall be
given to him bread and beer and a portion of
meat from I. upon the altar of Osiris. He
shall enter safely into the I Field- of Rushes in l
order to learn this command of Her
who is in Busiris, there shall be given to him
•
barley and emmer therein, he shall be hale like he
was upon earth, and he shall do what he wishes
.
like those nine gods who are in the Netherworld.
A matter a million times true.

--SPELL 74 - been initiated, I have been ennobled as a god, and they have put
[illustrated p.74] me on that sacred road on which Thoth travelled when he pacified
the Combatants and proceeded to Pe so that he might come to
Spell for being swift-footed when going out from the earth Dep. '

May you do what you are wont to do, 0 Sokar who are in your
Mansion, possessing a foot in the realm of the dead. I !:hine in
the sky, I ascend to the sky; though I am inert, I climb on the
sunshine; though I am inert, I walk on the river-banks ... in the
realm of the dead.

--SPELL 75 -

Spell for going to Heliopolis and receiving a throne there

I have gone forth from the limits of the earth that I may
receive my fringed cloak for the heart of the Baboon; I have
razed the Pure Mansions which were in Edfu, I have destroyed
the Mansions of Him who beats with a stick, I have attacked
the Mansions of Ikhsesef, I have forced the sacred gates, I
have passed by the House of Kemkem, the 'knot-of-Isis'
amulet has laid her hands on me, and she has commended me
to her sister the Accuser by her own mother the Destroyer,
she has set me in the eastern sky in which Re appears and in
which Re is daily exalted . I have appeared in glory, I have

73
Spell 75 Ast-wert walks with a staff towards the hieroglyph
which represents Heliopolis. Between them is an offering-table
topped
by a lotus. 1039/4

--SPELL 76--
Spell for being transformed into any shape one may wish to
take

I have passed by the Palace, and it was an abyt-bird which

brought you to me. Hail to you, you who flew up to the sky,
the white and shining bird which guards the White Crown. I
shall be with you and I shall join the Great God; make a way
for me that I may pass on it.

--SPELL 77 -
[illustrated pp.75,76]

Spell for being transformed into a f alcon of gold

I have appeared as a great falcon, having come forth from the

Egg; I have flown up and alighted as a falcon of four cubits
along its back, whose wings are of green stone of Upper Egypt;
I have gone up from the coffer into the Night-bark, I have brou
ght my heart from the eastern mou ntains, I have alighted in
the Day-bark, there are brought to me those of ancient times
bowing down, and they give me worship when I appear,
having been reassem bled as a fair falcon of gold upon the
pointed stone. Re comes in daily to give jud gement, and I sit
among those elder gods of the Lower Sky ; He of the Field of
Offerings bows to me in the Presence, and Ieat

74
Spell 74Ani kneels before the sacred bark of ihefunerary god Sokar with the characteristic averted antelope's head at theprow.
10470/18

of him and have power over him, Ihave abundance to my A PPROPR IATE G ESTURES. HER E IT IS USED SIM PLY AS A M AG IC
desire. The grain-god has given me smoked barley, and Ihave SPELL.
power over what appertains to my head .
Spell for being trans/ armed into a divine falcon
--SPELL 78--
[illustrated p.78] Os1R1s SPEA KS: 0 Horus, come to Busiris, clear my ways for me, and
go all over my house, that you may see my form and extol my shape.
May you inspire fear of me, may you create awe of me, that the gods
T1 l lS SP!·L L IS IN DR A MATIC FOR M, W ITH VA RIOUS CHAR of the Nether world may fear me, that the gates may bewa re of
A<. Tl RS SPEA K I NG I N TURN, AND IT APPEARS TO BE PART me. Do not let him who has done me harm approach me, so that he
OT TH C Tl XT 01 A !U L ((,JOUS DRA MA R f,CITED AS A TEM PI f sees me in the House of Darkness, and uncovers my weariness
RlTUAL. WH FTHL·R A N Y ACTION TOOK Pl ACF IS DOU BTI UI . which is hidden from him.
\llOR F PROBAB I Y IT WAS A IU CITATIYF PRO NOUNCI·[) B'I THF Goos: 'Do thu s', say the gods, who hear the voices of those
VAR I OUS PRI FSTS I N TURN, l'OSsrn r y WITH who go in the su ite of Osiris.

75
HoRUS: Be silent, you gods; let a god speak with a god, let him from him. I shall go and come to the confines of the sky, that I may
hear the true message which I shall say to him. Speak to me, ask the word from Geb, that I may demand authority from the Lord
Osiris, and grant that what has come forth from your mouth of All. Then the gods shall fear you, even they who shall see that I
concerning me be revoked. See you r own form, form your send to you one of those who dwell in the sunshine. I have made
shape, and cause him to go forth and to have power over his his form as my form, his gait as my gait, that he may go and come to
legs that he may stride and copulate among men, and you Busiris, being invested with my shape, that he may tell you my
shall be there as the Lord of All. The gods of the Netherworld affairs. He shall inspire fear of you, he shall cre ate awe of you in the
fear you, the gates beware of you. You move along with those gods of the Netherworld, and the gates shall beware of you.
who move along, while I remain on your mound like the Lord THE MESSENG ER: Indeed I am one who dwells in the sunshine, I am
of Life. I ally myself with the divine Isis, I rejoice on a1::count a spirit who came into being and was cre ated out of the body of
of him who has done you harm. May he not come so that he the god, I am one of those gods
sees you r weariness which is hidden

Spell 77 Thefalcon of gold whose form Nu hopes to assume. 10477/10

76
 of Horus to Osiris, to the Netherworld. Horu s has re peated to me
what his father Osiris said to him in the ... on the day of burial.
THE DouBLE Lt ON: Repeat to me what Horus has said as th e word
of h is father Osiris i n the ... on the day of burial. Then I shall give
you the Wig-cover - so said the Double Lion to me - that you may
come and go on the roads of the sky. Then those who dwell in the
hor izon shall see you, and the gods of the Netherworld shall fear
you .
THE MESSENG ER: You may ju bilate concerning him, he has been
initiated into the word of these gods, the Lords of All, who are at
the side of the Sole Lord - so said he ho is high on his dais, who
dwells in holiness, concernmg me.
TH E DouBLE L10N rs SATISFIED: Take out the Wig cover for him -
so said the Double Lion concerning me. THE MESSENG ER, NOW
POSSESSED OF H IS PASSPORT, THE ROYA L WIG-COVER, CONTINU ES
H IS JOURNEY: 0
Heret, clear my way for me. I am high in the form of Horus, and the
Double Lion has taken out the Wig cover for me, he has given me my
wings, he has estab lished my heart on his great standard. I do not
fall on account of Shu, I am he who pacifies himself with his own
beauty, the Lord of the two mighty royal serpents. I am he who
knows the roads of Nut, the winds are my protection, and the raging
bull shall not drive me back. I go to the place where dwells He who
sleeps, being help less, who is in the Field of Eternity, who was
conducted to the painful western darkness, even Osiris. I come today
from the House of the Double Lion, I have come forth from it to the
House of Isis, to the secret mysteries, I have been conducted to her
Spel/ 77 The golden falcon with a flail at its shoulder stands on hidden secrets, for she caused me to see the birth of the Great God.
the hieroglyph for gold. 10470125 Horus has invested me with his shape in order that I might say what
is there, in order that I might say ... which shall drive back the fearful
or spirits who dwell in the sunshine, whom Atum created from attack. I am the falcon who dwells in the sunshine, who has power
his flesh, who came into being from the root of his eye, whom through his light and his flash ing. I go and come i:o the confines of
Atum created and with whom he made spirits, whose faces he the sky ... There is none who thwarts me ... Horus to the confines of
created, in order that they m ight be with him, while he was the sky. Horus is upon his seats and his thrones, and I am he who is
alone in the Abyss, who announced him when he came forth in his form. My arms are those of a divine falcon, I am one who has
from the horizon, who inspired fear of him i n the gods and acquired (the position of) his lord, and Horus has invested me with
spirits, the Powers and Shapes. I am one of those serpents his shape. I come forth to Busiris that I may see Osiris, I land at the
which the Sole Lord made, before Isis came into being that she Mansion of the Great Dead One; I inspire fear of him and create awe
might give birth to Horus. I have been made stron g, I have of him among the gods. I belong to the great shrine, even I the holy
been made you ng and vigorous. I am distingu ished above the one of ... in front of whom one wal ks to and fro, and Nut shall walk
other beings who dwell in the sunshine, the spirits who came to and fro when she sees me. The hostile gods have seen that she
into being along with me. I have made my appear ance as a incites the Eyeless One against those who shall stretch forth their
divine falcon, Horus has invested me with his shape in order arms against me. The Powerf ul One stands up against the earth-
that I might take his affairs to Osiris, to the Netherworld. gods, the holy roads are opened for me when they see my form and
TH E DouBLF. L10N RAISES AN OBJ ECTION: The hear what I shall say. Down on your faces, you gods
Double Lion who is in his cavern, warden of the House of the
Royal Wig-cover, said to me: How can you reach the confines of
the sky? Indeed you are equipped with the form of Horus, but
you do not possess the Wig cover. Do you speak on the
confines of the sky?
T111 M ESSF N<..toK: I am indeed he who takes the affairs

76
of the Netherworld, whose faces are ... whose necks are
outstretched, and who hide the face of the Great Demol isher! Spel/ 79 Ani and his wife Tutu stand in adoration before three
Clear the road of ... towards the majestic shape. gods, who squat on a shrine-shaped plinth and represent the divine
THE MESSEN GER QUOTES THE COMMAND OF HOR US: tribunal. I0470/24
Horus has commanded: Lift up your faces and look at him; he
has made his appearance as a divine falcon, the Double Lion THE MESSENG ER R EPLI ES: See, Icome to you as an equipped
has taken out the Wig-cover for him, he has come with the spirit. The wardens of the gates walk for me, the Powers clear the
word of Horus to Osiris. The Grey haired Ones have ... he has roads for me, Ihave fetched the Grey-haired Ones whom Nenet has
united himself with the Powers. Get out of the way, you defied. The great ones who dwell in the horizon fear me, even the
wardens of your gates, for him in front of me, clear the way wardens of ... in the sky, who guard the roads. Imake firm the gates
for him. Let him pass by, 0 you who dwell in your caverns, for the Lord of All,Ihave cleared the roads towards him; Ihave done
wardens of what was commanded, for Horus in vested me with his shape. Let
the House of Osiris. my wisdom be granted, for I desire triumph over my enemies. May
THE MESSENGER RESUMES Hrs OWN SPEECH: Isay: the mysteries be uncovered for me, may the secret caverns be
How mighty is Horus! Icause them to know that the terror of opened to me, may Ienter into the Lord of the Soul, greatly majes
him is great, and that his horn is sharp against Seth ; that tic, may Icome forth to Busiris and go all over his man sion, may
Horus has taken authority and that he has acquired the might Itell him the affairs of his son whom he loves, while the heart of
of Atum.Ihave followed Horus, the Lord of All. Seth is cut out. May Isee the Lord of Weariness, who is limitless,
TH E GODS GIVE THE MESSENGER PERM ISSION TO PASS: that he may know how Horus regulated the affairs of the gods
Pass by in peace - so say the gods of the Netherworld to me. without him.
The wardens of their caverns, the wardens of the Mansion of THE MESSENG ER ATTA INS llIS AIM ANO ADDRESSl:.S
Osiris rise up. \ Os1R1s: 0 Lord of the Soul, greatly majestic, see, Ihave

77
 --SPELL 79--
[illustrated p.77]

Spell for becoming an elder of the tribunal

I am Atum who mad the sky and created what exists, who came
forth from the earth, who created seed, Lord of All, who fashioned
the gods, the Great God, the self created, the Lord of Life, who made
the Ennead to flou rish.
Hail to you, you lords of pure offerings, whose thrones are
secret! Hail to you, you lords of eternity, whose forms are hidden,
whose shrines are secret, whose place is unknown! Hail to you, you
gods who are in the Radiance! Hail to you, you gods who encircle the
firma ment! Hail to you, you gods who are in the West! Hail to you,
Ennead which is in the Lower Sky! See, I have come to you pure,
divine, possessing a spirit, mighty, besouled ; I have brought to you a
measure of incense and natron, that I may drive away slaver
therewith from your mouths, I have come that I may remove the ill
which is in your hearts, I have removed the evil which is on you. I
have brought you what is good, I have raised up to you what is true,
for I know you, I know your names, I know your forms which were
unknown. I have come into being among you, I appear in glory as
that god who eats men and lives on gods, I am mighty among' you as
that god who is uplifted on his standard, to whom the gods come in
joy, at whom the goddesses exult when they see him. I have come to
you, having appeared as son of you all; I sit in my seat which is in the
horizon, I re ceive offerings upon my altar, I drink wine in the eve
ning. Those who are in joy come to me, praise is given to me by
those who are in the horizon in this my rank of the Lord of All. I am
exalted as this noble god who is in the Great Mansion; the gods
rejoice when they see him among those who go forth happily on the
body of the Lower Sky when his mother Nut has borne him.
Spell 78 The divine Jalcon stands on a low plinth with a flail at
its shoulder. 10470125 --SPELL 80--

Making transformation into a god and giving light and darkness

come, the Netherworld has been opened for me, the roads in
the sky and on earth have been opened for me, and there was I am he who donned the white and bright fringed cloak of Nun which
none who thwarted me. is on his breast, which gives light in darknes5, which unites the two
Be high upon your seat, 0 Osiris: may your breast live and may companion-goddesses who are in my body by means of the great
your buttocks be vigorous. Let your heart ju bilate, for you magic which is on my mouth. My fallen enemy who was with me in
triumph over Seth, and you r son Horus has been placed upon the valley of Abydos will not be raised up, and I am content. The re
your throne. Myriads have been assigned to him, the gods have membrance of him is mine, I have taken authority in my city, for Ifou
brought him oblations, and the heart of Geb, who is older than nd him in it, Ihave brought darkness by
the great ones, rejoices. The sky is strong and Nut jubilates
when she sees what Atum has done, whilst he sat among the
two Enneads and gave the authority which is on his mouth to
Horus the son of Isis. He has become ruler over Egypt, the gods
work for him, he has nurtured myriads and has brought up
myriads by means of the Sole Eye, the Mis tress of the
Enneads, the Lady of All.

78
means of my power, I have rescued the Eye from its non Spells 80 afld 8111 On the left a man's head emergesfrom a blt{e
existence before the festival of the fifteenth day had come, I lotusflower flanked by buds and pads and floating in a pool : a
have separated Seth from the houses of the Above because of symbolic representa tion of the sun-god's daily reappearance and a
the Elder who was with him, I equipped Thoth in the Mansion guarantee of resurrection for Ani (Spell BI A). On the right is a
of the Moon before the festival of the fifteenth day had come, squatting god with sun-disc on his head whoseform Ani hopes to
I have taken possession of the Wereret-crown, and right is in assume (Spell 80). 10470/28
my body, also the turquoise and faience of its monthly
festival, and my field of lapis-lazuli is there on my river-bank. I seek it for Horus, for I am the pure one who issued from the fen.
am the Woman who lightens darkness, I have come to lighten
the darkness, and it is bright. I have lightened the dark ness, I
have felled the evil spirits, those who were in darkness have --SPELL 81B -
given praise to me, I have made the mour ners whose faces
were hidden to stand up, even though they were languid Spell for being trans/ormed into a lotus
when they saw me. As for you, I am the Woman of whom I do
not permit you to hear. 0 Lotus belongin g to the semblance of Nefertum, I am the Man. I
know your name, I know your names, you gods, you lords of the
--SPELL 81A -- realm of th e dead, for I am one of you. May you grant that I see
[also illustrated p.80] the gods who lead the Netherworld, may there be given to me a
seat in the realm of the dead in the presence of the lords of the
Spell for being trans/ormed into a lotus West, may I take my place in the Sacred Land, may I receive
offerings in the presence of the lords of eternity, may my soul go
I am this pure lotus which went forth from the unshine, which forth to every place that it desires, with out being held back from
is at the nose of Re; I have descended tliat I may the presence of the Great Ennead.

79
--SPELL 82--
[illustrated p.82]

Spell for becoming Ptah, eating bread, drinking beer, punfying the hinder-parts, and being alive
in H eliopoLis

I have flown up as a falcon, I have cackled as a goose, I have alighted on yond er road of the Mound of the Great Festi val. What I
doubly detest, I will not eat; what I detest is faeces, and I will not eat it; what I detest is ex crement, and i t shall not enter m y bod y.
'What will you J ive on ?' say the gods and spirits to me. 'I wi ll live and have power th rough bread .'
'Where will you eat it?' say the gods and spirits to me. 'I will have power and I will eat it u nder the branch es
of the tree of Hathor my mistress, who made offering of bread, beer and corn in Heliopolis. I will don a loin cloth from the hand of
Tayt, I will dwell in the place where I wish to be.'
My head is that of Re who is u nited with Arum, the four suns of the length of the land ; I have gone forth, for my tongue is that of
Ptah, my th roat is that of Hathor, for I have recalled with my mouth the speech of Atum to my father when he destroyed the
majesty of the wife of Geb, whose h ead was broken at his word. Be afraid thereat and report it, the outcry at my strength. There
shall be assigned to me the heritage of the Lord of the Earth, namely Geb, and I shall be cared for thereby ; Geb shall refresh me, for
he has given to me his appearings in glory. Those who are in Heliopolis bow their heads to me, for I am thei r lord, I am their bull. I
am migh tier
than the Lord of Terror; I copulate and I have power over myriads.

--SPELL 83--
[also illustrated p.82]

SpeLL for being transformed into a phoenix

I have flown up like the prim eval ones, I have become Khepri, I have grown as a plant, I have clad myself as a tortoise, I am the
essence of every god, I am the seventh of those seven u raei who came into being in the West, Horus who makes brightness with
his person, that god who was against Seth, Thoth who was among you in th at judgement of Him who presides over Letopolis
together with the Souls of Heliopolis, the flood which was be tween them. I have come on the day when I appear in

Spel/ 8/ A A long-stemmed blue lotus, symbolic of resurrection for Nu. 10477/1 J

80
Spells 83 and 86 Onthe left aswallow perches on a mound (Spell 86). On the right is thephoenix whoseform Nu hopes to assume
(Spell83). 10477/ 10
--SPELL 84--
glory with the strides of the gods, for I am Khons who [illustrated pp.82,83]
subdued the lords.
As for him who knows this pure spell, it means going out into Spell for being trans/armed into a heron
the day after death and being transformed at will, being in the
suite of Wennefer, being content with the food of Osiris, I am the mightiest of the bulls, I am the forceful one among them, I
having invocation -offerings, seeing the sun; it means being am the twin braided locks which are on the head of the shorn
hale on earth with Re and being vindicated with Osiris, and priest, whom they of the sunshine worship, whose stroke is sharp. I
nothing evil shall have power over him . A matter a million am vindicated on earth, and the terror of me is in the sky - and
times true. vice versa; it is my strength which makes me victorious to the
height of the sky, I am held in respect to the breadth of the sky, my
strides are towards the towns of the Silent

81
 Spells 83 and 84 Twoph oenixes, two herons, or a phoenix and a
heron: the artist has made no distinction except in size. 10471/13

--SPELL 85--
[also illustrated p .84]

Spell 82 Ptah, creator-god of Memphis, stands holding a was Spell for being transformed into a living soul and not entering into
sceptre in a shrine with an open door before a ewer on a stand, the place of execution. He who knows it will never perish
toppe d
by a lotus. l 0470127 I am the soul of Re who issued from the Abyss, that soul of the god
who created authority . Wrong-doing is my detestation, and I will not
Land . I have gone and reached Wenu ; I have ejected the gods see it; I think about right eousness, and I live by it; I am Authority
from their paths, I have struck down chose who are wakeful which will never perish in this my name of 'Soul'. I came into being of
within their shrines. I do not know the Abyss, I do not know the myself with the Abyss in this my name of Khepri, and I come into
emerging earth, I do not know the red ones who th rust with being in it daily .
their horns, I do not know the magician, but I hear his words; I I am the Lord of Light; death is my detestation, and I will not enter
am this Wild Bull who is in the writings. into the place of execution of the Nether world. It is I who cause
Thus said the gods when they lamented the past: 'On your Osiris to be a spirit, and I have made content those who are in his
faces! He has come to you whil e the dawn lacks you, and there suite. I desire that they grant fear of me and create respect of me
is none who will protect you.' My faults are in my belly, and I among chose who are in their midst, for I am lifted aloft on my stan
will not declare them ; 0 Auth ority, wrong-doing is of dard, on my throne and on my allotted seat.
yesterday, but righteousness is of today. Righteousness runs on I am Nu n, and the doers of wrong cannot harm me. I am the eldest
my eyebrows on the night of the festival 'The Old Woman lies of the primeval gods, the soul of the souls of
down and her land is guarded'.

82
the eternal gods; my body is everlasting, my shape is eternity,
Lord of Years, Ruler of Everlasting. I am he who created
darkness and who made his seat in the lim its of the sky.
Idesire to reach their limits, and Iwalk afoot, Igo ahead with
my staff, Icross the firmament of those who ..., Idrive away the
hidden snakes which are upon my march to the Lord of the
Two Regions.
I am the soul of the souls of the eternal gods, my body is
everlasting, I am he who is on high, Lord of Tatjebu, I am
young in my city, I am boyish in the field, and such is my name,
for my name will not perish. I am the soul who created the
Abyss, who made his seat in the realm of the dead. My nest
will not be seen, my egg will not be broken, I have got rid of
my ills, I have seen my father, the Lord of the Evening, and
whose body it is which is in Heliopolis; Igovern those who are
in the dusk upon the western Mound of the Ibis.

Spell 84 The heron whose form Ani hopes to assume. Spell 85 Horemheb's human-headed soul wearing a djed-pillar
10470/28
amulet around its neck. l0257/9

--SPELL 86--
[illustrated pp.81,86]

Spell for being transfarmed into a swallow

I am a swallow, I am a swallow, I am that Scorpion goddess, the

daughter of Re. 0 you gods, may your savour be sweet; a flame has
gone up from the horizon. 0 you who are in the city, I have brought
him who guards his coils; give me your hands, for I have spent the
day in the Island of Fire, I have gone on an errand and I have
returned with a report. Open to me; then I will tell what I have seen.
Horus is in command of the Sacred Bark, and the throne of his
father Osiris has been given to him, while that Seth the son of Nut is
i n bonds be cause of what he has done. What is in Letopolis has
been allotted to me, and I have made obeisance to Osiris. I have
gone to make inspection and I have returned to speak; let me pass,
that I may report on my errand. I am one who goes in esteemed and
who goes out distin guished at the portal of the Lord of All; I am
pure on that great tomb-plateau, for I have got rid of my evil, I have
discarded my wrong-doing, I have cast to the ground the ills which
were on my flesh. 0 you keepers of the gate, make a way for me, for
I am one like you. I go out into the day, I walk on my feet, I have
power in my strides. 0 You of the sunshine, I know the secret ways
of the portals of the Field of Rushes. See, I have come, having felled
my enemies to the ground, and my corpse is buried.
As for him who knows this spell, he shall go out into the day, and he
shall not be turned away at any portal in

83
Spell 85 A ram, symbolic of the divine soul, stands on a low pedestal with the hieroglyph for the word 'soul' before it. 10470/27
--SPELL89--
the realm of the dead, and he shall assume the shape of a [also illustrated pp.87,116]
swallow. A matter a million times true.
Spell for letting a soul rejoin its corpse in the realm of the dead
--SPELL 87--
[illustrated p.86] 0 you who bring, you who run, you who are in the booth of the Great
God, let my soul come to me from anywhere it is. If the bringing of
Spell for being trans/ormed into a snake my soul to me from anywhere it is be delayed, you will find the Eye
of Horus standing up thus against you . 0 you Osirians, if you do not
I am a long-lived snake; I pass the night and am reborn every sleep, then will I not sleep in Heliopolis, the land of thousands of
day. I am a snake which is in the limits of the earth; I pass the abodes. My soul shall be taken to me, and my spirit shall be
night and am reborn, renewed and re juvenated every day. vindicated with it wherever it may be.
Come for my soul, 0 you wardens of the sky! If you delay letting my
--SPELL88-- soul see my corpse, you will find the
[illustrated p.86] Eye of Horus standing up thus against you. 0 you gods who are
dragged in the Bark of the Lord of Millions of Years, who bring the
Spell for being transformed into a crocodile Upper Sky to the Netherworld and who raise up the Lower Sky, who
let souls draw near to the noble dead, may your hands be filled with
I am a crocodile immersed in dread, I am a crocodile who takes you r ropes, may your grip be on your harpoons, may you
by robbery, I am the great and mighty fish like being who is in
the Bitter Lakes, I am the Lord of those who bow down in
Letopolis.

84
.
•c;;:;i.mt

Spell 89 Nakht's human-headed soul stretches out its wings in protection above his mummy, which wears a mummy mask topped by
an unguent cone and lies on a bed with lion-formfeet. 10471114

drive off the enemy. The Sacred Bark will be joyful and the your knees, you shall go about with your face behind you, you shall
Great God will proceed in peace when you allow th is soul of look on the tormentors belonging to Shu who follow after you to
mine to ascend vindicated to the gods, while your buttocks cut off your head and to sever your neck at the behest of Him who
are in the eastern horizon of the sky, so as to follow in peace saved his lord, be cause of this which you have said you would do
to the place where it was yesterday, to the West. May it see to me, namely the putting of folly into my mouth with intent to cut
my corpse, may it rest on my mummy, which will never be off my head, to sever my neck and to close my mouth because of
destroyed or perish. the magic which is in my body, just as you did to the spirits because
To be spoken over a human-headed bird of gold inlaid with of the magic which was in their bodies. Turn away at the sentence
semi-precious stones and laid on the breast of the deceased. which Isis spoke when you came to put folly into the mouth of
Osiris at the de sire of his enemy Seth, saying to you : 'May you r
--SPELL 90 -- face be downcast at seeing this face of mine!' May the flame of the
[illustrated p.87] Eye of Horus go forth against you within the Eye of Atum, which
was injured on that night when it swal lowed you. Get you back
Spell for removing foolish speech from the mouth because of Osiris, for abhor rence of you is in him - and vice versa;
get you back because of me, because abhorrence of you is in me -
0 you who cut off heads and sever necks and who put folly and vice versa. If you come against me, I will speak to you; if you do
into the mouths of the spirits because of the magic which is in not come against me, I will not speak to you. Get back to the
their bodies, you shall not see me with chose eyes of yours tormentors belonging to Shu ...
with which you see, (you shall kbeel) on

85
--SPELL 91 --
[illustrated pp.88,89]

Spell for not restraining N's soul in the realm of the dead

0 you who are on .high, who are worshipped, whose power is great, a Ram greatly majestic, the dread of whom is put into the gods
when you appear on your great throne: you shall make a way for me and my soul, my spirit and my shade, for I am equipped. I am a
wor thy spirit; make a way for me to the place where Re and Hathor are.
As for him who knows this spell, he shall become an equipped spirit in the realm of the dead, he shall not be restrained at any gate of
the West whether coming or going. A true matter.

Left: Spel/ 86 A swallow perches on a mound. 10470/25 Below: Spells 87 a11d 88 On the left is the sa-ta snake walking
on human legs (Spell 87), and on the right the crocodile-god Sobk reclines on a tall shrine-shaped plinth (Spell 88). 10470/27

86
--SPELL 92 --
[illusrrated pp.90,91]

Spell for opening the tomb to N's soul and shade so that he
may go out into the day and have power in his legs. Open and
close! 0 you who sleep, open and close for my soul according
to the command of Horus. 0 Eye of Horus, save me, establish
my beauty on the vertex of Re. 0 Far-strider whose legs
extend, make a way for me
here, for my flesh is made ready.
I am Horus who protects his father, I am he who brought his
father and who brought his mother with his staff ; open a way
for one who has power in his legs, who sees the Great God
within the Bark of Re wherein souls are examined at the
beginning of the reckoni ng of years. Save my soul for me, 0
Eye of Horus, who fixes orna ments on the vertex of Re. When
the dusk is in your sight, you wardens of Osiris, do not restrain
my soul or hold back my shade; open a way for my soul and
my shade, that it may see the Great God withi n the shrine on Above: Spell 90 Horemheb extends a papyrus scroll to Thoth, who
the day of examining souls. May it speak again to Osiris. 0 you stands holding an ankh and was-sceptre. 10257/9
whose seats are hidden, wardens of the limbs of Osiris, who
hold back spirits and who shut up Below: Spell 89 Ani's human-headed soul carrying a shen, symbolic
of eternity, hovers protectively over his mummy, which wea1·s a
mummy mask and lies on a lion-form bed between two tall stands
containing flames. I0470/ 17

87
thereby than the m igh ty ones. If I be ferried over and taken to the East with bou nd horns, or if any inju ry be done to me by rebels,
Iwill swallow up the phall us of Re and the head of Osiris, Iwi ll be gu ided to the tom b of the decapitation of the gods in which they
make answer;
Iwill bind the horn s-of Khepri , Iwill become the stone in the. Eye of Atu m the Destroyer if Ibe seized and ferried over to the East, if
the festival of the rebels be celebrated over me, or if anything terrible be evilly done to me.

--SPELL 94--
[illustrated pp.92,93]

Spell for requesting a water-pot and a palette

0 you great one who see you r father, keeper of the book of Thoth, see, I have come spiritualised, besouled, mighty and equipped
with the writings of Thoth. Bring me the messenger of the earth-god who is with Seth, brin g me a water-pot and palette from the
writing-kit of Thoth and the mysteries which are in them.
See, I am a scribe; bri ng me the corruption of Osiris that I may write with it and that I may do what the great and good god says
every day, being the good which you have decreed for me, 0 Horakhty. I will do what is right and I will send to Re daily.

Spell 91 Ani's human-headed soul stands before the door of his tomb. 10470/ 17

the shades of the dead, and who would harm me, you shall not harm me. 'Go far away, because you r ka is with you as a sou l,' say
the wardens of the limbs of Osiris who hold back the shades of the dead, 'lest you be grasped by the sky and restrai ned by the
earth ; may the slayers not be with you, for you have power in your legs. Be far away from your corpse which is on earth.'
Get back, you who guard the tom b of Osiris!

--SPELL 93--
[illustrated p.94]

Spell for not letting N be ferried over to the East in the realm of the dead

0 you phallus of Re, this which is injur ed by uproar, whose inertness came into bei ng th rough Babai, I am stronger thereby than the
strong ones, I am mightier

88
--SPELL 95--
[illustrated p.95]

Spell for being beside Thoth

I am he who gave protection in the tum ult, who guarded the Great Goddess in the war. I smote with my knife, I calmed Ash, I acted
on behalf of the Great Goddess in the war. I made strong the sharp knife wh ich was in the hand of Thoth in the tu mult.

-SPELLS 96 AND 97 -
Spell for being beside Thoth and for causing a man to be a spirit in the realm of the dead

I am he who dwells in his Eye, I have come that I may give Maat to Re, I have propitiated Seth with the bodily fluids of Aker and the
blood which is in the spi nal cord of Geb.
0 Night-bark, 0 Staff of An ubis, I have propitiated those four spirits who are in the suite of the Lord of Offerings, I am an owner of
fields th rough their com-

.J

89
Spell 91 Nakht, with his human-headed SOt{l flying before him, walks towards hispyramid-capped tomb chapel, infront of which a
tree grows. 1047117

mand. I am the father of Bah who drives away thirst and who Great Waterway, for whoever sees it will not die. I stand upon you, I
guards the waterways . See me, you great, elder and mighty appear as a god, I have seen you and I will not die. I stand upon you,
gods who are at the head of the Souls of Helio polis; I am I appear as a god, I cackle as a goose, I fly up thence as the falcon
high above your heads and I am one potent among you. See, upon the branches. 0 Dew of the Great One, I cross the earth
I am one whose m ighty, elder and great soul is respected; I towards the sky, I stand up as Shu , I make the sunshine to flour ish
will not be given over to th is ill-will which has issued from on the sides of the ladder which is made to mou nt u p to the
your mouths, and harm will not turn rou nd over me, for I am Unwearyin g Stars, far from decapitation. Bring me those who repel
pu re in the Island of Pro pitiation ... in the divine Eye under evil when I have passed you by at
the tree of the goddess of the sky, which refreshes the vind the polar region of Tepen.
icated ones, the lords who were aforetime. 'Where have you come from?'
Draw near qu ickly, you righteous ones! I was the most truly 'O Tepen, I have come from the Lake of Bu rning in the Field of Fire.'
precise person on earth, I was an interpreter of speech, the 'What did you live on in the Lake of Burning in the Field of Fire?'
sceptre of the Sole Lord, Re the Great God who lives by 'I lived on that noble tree of Ikaa who brought these boats from the
truth; do not inju re me ... Dried-up Lake for me. The water-jar was on ... that I might stand in
the Sacred Bark and gu ide the waters; that I might stand in the
--SPELL98-- Sacred Bark and conduct the god ; that I might stand up, my staff
being a rod.'
Spell for fetching a ferry-boat in the sky 'Go aboard and sail.' The gates are opened for me in Letopolis, the
earth is split open for me in Wen u, and the staffs have been given
Hail to you, you plateau which is in the sky north of the to me in respect of my inheritance.

90
Spell 92 Ani opens up his tomb and is then depicted walking from it, while his human-headed soul carrying a shen, symbolic of
eternity, flies protectively above him. I 0470/18
--SPELL 99 --
[illustrated pp.96,98]
THE NAM E WAS EA RLY M ISUNDERSTOOD AS 'HE WHO SEES
T1 llS SPELL IS CONCERN ED W!TH TIIE PROVISI ON OF A BOAT BEHIND HIM'; H ENCE TH E FERRYMAN IS DEPICTED fN TH E
FOR Tl IE DECEASED TO CROSS TH E CELEST IAL MANUSCR IPTSOFTH E BooK OFTJIE DEAD AS Sl TTTNG IN A BOAT
R!VI R. FQUATED BY TH E EGYPTIA NS WITH TH E MI LK Y WITH HTS HEAD TURNED BACKWARDS.
wAY. IT FALLS INTO THR EE PARTS. IN PART I THE DE IN PART II AQEN , HAVI NG BEEN A ROUSED FROM
CEASED CALLS ON THE CELESTIAL FERRYMAN, WHOSE SLEEP, IS CA LLED UPON TO BRING TH E BOAT, AND HE IN TURN
NAME IS MA I-I A F, TO AROUSE AQEN, WHO APPARENTLY HAS PROCEEDS TO M AKE A LL KINDS OF DIFFI CULTIES. IN PART III TH
CH ARGE Of · Tl I E BOAT AND WT IO rs SOUND ASLEEP. E BOAT l S BROUGHT, BUT TH E DECEASED
T1I E f'FRRYMAN PROCEEDS TO QUESTION TH E DECEASED HAS TO DECLAR E THE NA MES OF TH E VA R I OUS PARTS AND
AS TO I llS I NTENTIONS A N D TO MAKE A LL SORTS OF EX CUSES FfTTINGS. AT THE EN D OF PART II IS A N I NTER ESTIN G
TO THE EFFECT TI IAT THE BOAT IS NOT LN A FIT STATF TO Br. KTND OF SPELL OR G AME CONCE RNED W ITH COU NTIN G THE
USED, A ND SO ON, IN A KIND OF GAME OF C ROSS FI NGERS, IN W HICH TEN SENTENCES OBSCU R ELY
QUESTIONS AND CROOK ED ANSWERS. CORRESPOND TO EAC!l OF TH E FI NG ERS A N D THUMBS.
THr NAM E 01· THE FERRYMA N MAHA F ORIG INALLY
MLAN1 'THF <;TERN IS BEHI ND HIM', I.E. THE H ELMSM AN, BUT
OW ING TO SIM I LARITY 01·SOU N D TH E MEA N ING OF Spell for bringing a ferry-boat in the realm of the dead

0 Ferryman, bring me this which was brou ght to Horus

91
90

92
Spell 57 and 92 Khary stands in a pool holding a sail and enveloped by streams of water ef t), thus guaranteeing he will breathe air
and have power over water (Spell 57). On the right Khary opens up the door of his tomb to enable his hu.man-head ed soul tofly out
(Spell 92). 994913

on account of his Eye and which was brou ght to Seth on in this land for ever.
account of his testicles; there leaps up the Eye of Horus which 0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me, for
fell in the eastern side of the sky so that it may protect itself see, I have come.
from Seth. Why should I awaken Aqen for you?
0 Mahaf, as you are provided with lif e, awaken Aqen for me, That he may bring me the built-up boat of Khnum from the Lake of
for see, I have come. Feet.
Who are you who comes? But she is in pieces and stored in the dockyard.
I am the beloved of my father, one who greatly loves his Take her larboard side and fix it to the stern; take her starboard
father, and I am he who awakens his sleeping father. 0 Mahaf, side and fix it to the bow.
as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen But she has no planks, she has no end-pieces, she has no rubbing-
for me, for see, I have come. pieces, she has no oar-loops.
Do you say that you would cross to the eastern side of the Her planks are the drops of moistu re which are on the lips of Babai;
sky? If you cross, what will you do? her end-pieces are the hair which is under the tail of Seth; her
I will raise up his head, I will lift up his brow, and he rubbin g-pieces are the sweat which is on the ribs of Babai; her oar-
shall make a decree in your favour, and the decree which he loops are the hands of the female counterpart of Horus. She is built
shall make for you shall not perish nor become void by the Eye of

93
91

94
 It is the cloth which came out of Sutyu when Horus and the Ombite
kissed on New Year's Day.
What about the gunwales?
They are the sinews of Him whom all these fear.
Who is he whom all these fear?
It is he who lives in'the night which precedes the New Year.
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me, for see,
I have come.
Who are you who comes?
I am a magician.
How have you come and how have you gone up?
I have gone up on this ...
What have you done to her?
I have trodden on her back, I have guided her ... aright.
What else have you done to her?
My right side was at her starboard, my front was towards her bow,
my left side was at her larboard, my back was towards her stern.
What else have you done to her?
At night her bulls were slaughtered and her geese cut up.
Who stands on her? Horus of the Rulers. Who takes her cordage?
The Foremost One, the Ruler, the Oldest One.
Who controls her bowls?
The Foremost One, the Ruler, Baty.
What else have you done to her?
I went to Min of Coptos and Anubis the Commander of the Two
Spell 94 H oremheb receives a scribe's palette and water-pot
Lands, and I found them celebrating their festivals and reaping their
from Thoth, who holds an ankh. 10257/10
emmer in bundles of ears with their sickles between their thighs,
from wh ich you have made cakes. The god who ascends led me to
Horus, who shall steer her to me.
the goddess who ascends, and the Lady of Pe led me to the Lady of
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me,
Netjeru. Now as for the gods of Pe who are in front of their houses, I
for see, I have come.
found them washing their head-cloths . They will come beilring the
Who will guard this boat?
cakes of the gods, and they will make cakes for you when going
Bring the tail of the senemty-animal and put it in her stern;
downstream and bread when going upstream.
that will guard her.
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me, for see,
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me,
I have come.
for see, I have come.
Who are you who comes?
Who will bring her to you and to me?
I am a magician. Are you complete? I am complete.
Bring her to me with the best of the gods and his off spring,
Are you equipped ?
namely Imsety, Hapy, Duam utef and Qebeh senuef ; he will
I am equipped.
command her, the tetwy-animal being placed at her bow, and
Have you healed the limbs?
he will steer her to the place where you are.
I have healed the limbs.
What is she?
What are those limbs, magician?
She is the wings of the tetwy-animal.
They are the arm and the leg.
The weather is windy and she has no mast.
Take careI Do you say that you would cross to the east side of the
Bring this phallus of Babai which creates children and begets
sky? If you cross, what will you do?
calves.
To what shall I make it fast?
To the thighs which open out the shanks.
What about her cable?
Bring this snake which is i n the hand of Hemen.
Where shall I stow it?
You shall stow it in her bilge.
What about her sail? 95
92

96
Spell 94 Nebamun sits on a lion-footed chair sniffing a lotus before a low table on which stands a scribe's palette and a water-pot.
9964120

I will govern the towns, I will rule the villages, I will know the will give orders to the Imperishable Stars, and it will be well with
rich and give to the poor, I will prepare cakes for you when me on earth.
going downstream and bread when going upstream.
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me, II
for see, I have come.
Do you know the road on which you must go, magician? 'What is it?' says Aqen; 'I was asleep.'
I know the road on which I must go. 0 Aqen, as you are endowed with life, bring me this, for see, I have
Which is the road on which you must go? come.
It is 'Power of Earth', and I shall go to the Field of Rushes. Who are you who comes?
V/ho will guide you? I am a magician. Are you complete? I am complete.
The Royal Twins will guide me. Are you equipped?
Who will tell your name to this august god? I am equipped.
He who is content, the elder brother of Sokar. Have you taken care of the two limbs?
0 Mahaf, as you are endowed with life, awaken Aqen for me, I have taken care of the two limbs. What are the two limbs,
for see, I have come. magician? They are the arm and the leg.
He does not wake for me. 0 Aqen, as you are endowed with life, brin g me this, for see, I have
You shall say: 0 Vulture-god who rebuilds a court yard, I will come.
break your box, I will smash your pens, I will tear up your Have you power over what I have not brought to you, magician,
books because of Him who is in the Abyss. If I see, Shu will that is to say this boat? She has no bailer.
see; if I hear, Shu will\ hear; I Bring that ... of Khnum throu gh which I am made

97
93
Spell 93 Ani stands holding a scribe's palette, his other arm raised to send away theferry-boat in which theferryman squats, his head
turned back and aflail on his knee. 10470/17

alive, and put it in her. for see, I have coe.

0 Aqen, as you are endowed with life, bring me this, for see, I Have you power over what l have not brought toyou, magician, that
have come. is to say this boat? She has no cable.
Have you power over what l have not brought to you, Bring that snake which is in the hands of Hemen and of Anubis the
magician, that is to say this boat? She has no spars. Controller of the Two Lands, and put it in her, with its head in your
What is missing from her? hands and its tail in my hands, and we must pull it tight between us
She has no beams, she has no rigging, she has no mooring- (in) its name of 'Pain' ... the waterways which are between those two
post, she has no warps. cities; the river is in good order and the Lake of Offer ings which
Go to that god who knows you and all that you would mention connects with that river is in good order.
to him in respect of her spars; what he has given to you will 0 Aqen, as you are endowed with life, bring me this, for see, I have
come. come.
Who is that god who knows me and all that l would mention to What are those two cities, magician?
him in respect of her spars, so that what he has given to me They are the horizon and the malachite-region, or so I believe.
will come? Do you know those two cities, magician?
He is Horus with whom is a seal-ring.
0 Aqen, as you are endowed with life, bring me this,

98
94

99
second, quench i t, remove it, give it to me, be friendly Spell 95 A goose illustrating the spell 'to be in the presence of
towards me; do not let go of it; have no pity on it; make the Thoth', which uniquely in the Book of the Dead of Userhat is entitled
Eye bright; give the Eye to me. 'spell to become a goose'. 10009/3

III 'Lady of the Two Lands in the shrine' is your name.

'Tell me my name,' says the mallet.
0 you who bring the ferry-boat of the Abyss to this difficult 'Shank of Apis' is your name.
bank, bring me the ferry-boat, make fast the warp for me in 'Tell me my name,' says the bow-warp.
peace, in peace! Come, come; hurry, hurry, for I have come in 'Lock of hai r of the mooring-post of Anubis in the craft of
order to see my father Osiris. 0 Lord of Red Cloth, who is embalming' is you r name.
mighty through joy ; 0 Lord of Storm, the Male who navigates; 'Tell me my name,' says the steering-post. 'Pillars of the realm of
0 You who navigate over this sandbank of Apep ; 0 You who the dead' is you r name. 'Tell me my name,' says the mast-step.
bind on heads and make necks firm when escaping from 'Earth-god' is your name.
wounds; 0 You who are in charge of the mysterious ferry- 'Tell me my name,' says the mast.
boat, who ward off Apep, bring me the ferry-boat, knot the 'He who brou ght back the Great Goddess after she had been far
warp for me, in order to escape from that evil land in which away' is your name.
the stars fall upside down upon their faces and are unable to 'Tell me my name,' say the halyards. 'Standard of Wepwawet' is
raise themselves up. you r name. 'Tell me my name,' says the mast-head. 'Throat of
0 Henswa who is the tongue of Re; 0 Indebu who governs the Imsety' is your name.
Two Lands; 0 Mengeb their helmsman ; 0 Power who reveals 'Tell me my name,' says the sail.
the solar disc, who is in charge of redness, fetch me, do not 'Nut' is your nam e.
let me be boatless, for there comes a spirit, my brother, who 'Tell me my name,' say the oar-loops.
will ferry me over to the place I know of. 'You have been made with the hide of the Mnevis-bull and the
'Tell me my name,' says the mooring-post. tendons of Seth' is your name.

10
0
95

10
1
....

Spell 99 Nu stands at the bow of a boat which has two steering-oars, a swelling sail and an udjat-ey e pa inted on the prow, and
which will ferry him across the celestial river. 10477/22

'Tell me my name,' say the oars. 'Tell me my name,' says the boat.
'The fingers of Horus the Elder' are your names. 'That leg of Isis :which Re cut off with a knife in order to bring blood
'Tell me my name,' says the bailer. to the Night-bark' is your name.
'The hand of Isis which swabs up the blood from the Eye of 'Tell me my name,' says the skipper.
Horus' is your name. 'Rebuffer' is your name.
'Tell me my name,' say the ribs which are in her timbers. 'Tell me my name,' says the wind, 'since you are car ried thereby.'
'Imsety, Hapy, Duamutef and Qebehsenuef, Plun derer, He 'North wind which went forth from Atum to the nose of the
who takes by robbery, He who sees what he has brought, He Foremost of the Westerners' is your name.
who helps himself' are your names. 'Tellme my name,' says the river, 'sinceyou ferry over on me.'
'Tell me my name,' says the hogging-beam. 'She who presides 'He who sees them' is your name.
over gardens' is your name. 'Tell me my name,' says the 'Tell me my name,' says the bank of the river.
rowing bench. 'Songstress' is your name. 'Destroyer of those who stretch out the arm in the pure place' is your
'Tell me my name,' says the steering-oar. name.
'Accurate' is your name. 'That which rises from the water, 'Tell me my name,' says the ground , 'since you tread on me.'
whose blade is limited (in movement)' is you r name. 'Nose of the sky which goes out from the Embalmer

96

10
2
Spell JOO Nu stands at the stern of the boat of Re before two steering oars topped byfalcons' heads. In front of him stand Isis, Thoth,
Khepri and Shu. 10477/28

who is in the Field of Rushes, from which one goes out in joy' shall be given to me, and the gifts due to me are barley and
is your name. emmer, the gifts due to me are myrrh and clothing, the gifts due to
What is to be said to them: Hail to you, you whose natures me are life, welfare and health, the gifts due to me are what are
are kind, possessors of offerings who live for ever and ever! I issued by day in any shape in which I desire to go out to the Field of
have penetrated to you so that you may give me a funeral Rushes.
meal for my mouth with which I speak, namely the cake As for him who knows this spell, he will go out into the Field of
which Isis baked in the presence of the Great God, for I know Rushes, and there will be given to him a cake, a jug of beer and a
that Great God to whose nose you present provisions, whose loaf from upon the altar of the Great God, an aroura of land with
name is Tjekem. He re veals himself in the eastern horizon of barley and emmer by the Followers of Horus, who will reap
the sky, he travels in the western horizon of the sky. When he themfor him. He will consume this barley and emmer and will rub
departs, I will depart; when he is hale, I will be hale. You shall his body with them, his body will be like these gods, and he will go
not repel me from the Milky Way, and those who are re out into the Field of Rushes in any shape in which he desires to go
bellious will not have power over this flesh of mine. My bread out. A matter a million times true.
is in Pe, my beer is in Dep, your gifts f today

10
97 3
Spell 1)9 Nakht k neels in a light boat with a papyrus-shaped worshipping baboons, and I am one of them . I have acted as second
prow and stern, holding two ropes to control the swelling sail. to Isis, I have strengthened her powers, I have knotted the rope, I
10471/12 have driven off Apep, I have put a stop to his movements, Re has
given his hands to me and his crew will not drive me away. If I am
strong, the Sacred Eye will be strong - and vice versa . As for him who
--SPELL 100 - shall hold me back from the Bark of Re, he shall be held back from
[illustrated pp.97, I 00, 120-1] the Egg and the abdju-fish.
To be said over this written text, which should be writ ten on a clean
The book of making a soul worthy and of permitting it to go blank roll withpowder of green glaze mixed with water of myrrh. To
aboard the Bark of Re with those who are in his suite. I have be placed on the breast of the blessed dead without letting it touch
ferried over the phoenix to the East, Osiris is in Busiris, I have his flesh. As for any blessed dead for whom this is done, he will go
thrown open the caverns of Hapi, I have cleared the paths of aboard the Bark of Re every day, and Thoth will take count of him in
the solar disc, I have dragged Sokar on h is sledge, I have made daily going and coming. A matter a million times true.
the Great Goddess powerful in her moment of action, I have
hymned and worshipped the solar disc, I have joined with h im
who is with the 10
4
98

10
5
--SPELL 101 --
[illustrated p.100] Spell 103 Nakht kneels in praise of Hathor who squats on a mat
with an ankh on her knee. 10471/ 16
Spell for protecting the Bark of Re

0 you who emerge from the waters, who escape from the 0 Re in this your name of Re, if you pass by the dead who are
flood and climb on to the stern of your bark, may you indeed upside down, you shall cause N the worthy spirit to stand up on his
climb on to the stern of your bark, may you be more hale feet ; if you are hale, he will be hale.
than you were yesterday. You have in cluded N, a worthy 0 Re in this your name of Re, if the mysteries of the Netherworld
spirit, in your crew; if you are hale, he will be hale. are opened to you in order to guide the hearts of your Ennead,
0 Re in this your name of Re, if you pass by the Eye of seven you shall give N's heart to him ; if you are hale, he will be hale.
cubits with a pupil of three cubits, you will make N hale, the You r body, 0 Re, is everlasting by reason of the spell. To be recited
worthy spirit in your crew; if you are hale, he will be hale. over a strip of royal linen on which this spell has been written in
' dried myrrh; to be placed on the

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throat of the blessed dead on the day of burial. If this protective spell is placed on his throat for him, praises will be made for him as
for the gods, he shall be united with the Followers of Horus; the starry sky shall be made firm for him in the presence of Him who is
with Sothis, his corpse shall be a god, together with his relatives, for ever, and a bush shall be plant ed for him over the breast by M
enqet. It was the M aje sty of Thoth who did this for the M ajesty of the vindicated King of Upper and Lower Egypt Osiris through
desire that the sunlight should rest on his corpse.

--SPELL 102--
Spell for going aboard the Bark of Re

0 you who are great in you r bark, bring me to your bark, so that Imay take charge of your navigating in the duty which is allotted to
one who is among the Un wearying Stars. What Idoubly detest, Iwill not eat; my detestation is faeces, and Iwill not eat it, Iwill not
con sume excrement, Iwill not approach it with my hands, I will not tread on it with my sandals, because my bread is of white emmer
and my beer of red barley. It is the Night -bark and the Day-bark who bring them to me, and the gifts of the towns are emptied on to
the altar of the Souls of Heliopolis. Greeting to you, 0 Great One who acts in the rowing over the sky; the shens-cake which is in
Thinis is that of which the dogs partake. Iam not weary; Imyself have come that Imight save this god from those who would do him
evil, namely the pain allotted to thigh, arm and leg. Ihave come that Imay spit on the thigh, tie up the arm and raise the leg. 'Go
aboard and navigate', is the command of Re.

--SPELL 103 --
[illustrated p.99]

Spell for being in the presence of Hathor

I am one who passes by, pure and bald ; 0 Sistrum player, I will be in the suite of Hathor.

Spells 100 and IOI In the top vignette Horemheb poles a boat, containing the phoenix and a squatting falcon-headed sun-god wzth
an ankh on his knee, towards Osiris, who stands before a djed-pillar symbolising the town of Busiris (Spell JOO). The lower illustration
shows Horemheb poling a boat containing the phoenix and a squatting falcon-headed sun-god, who carries a was-sceptre on his
knee (Spell JOI ). 10257/1 I

100

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which was given to those who are in the horizon ; if they are white, I
will be white, and my ka will be like them, my ka's provisions will be
like theirs, having been weighed in the balance. May truth be
uplifted to the nose of Re,
my head being supported by it, for I am an eye which
....... • +-- sees and an ear which hears, I am not a bull
-1- f s:;!M I for butchery, and none shall have an
invocation-offering of me.

--SPELL 106--
Spell for giving gifts to N in M emphis and in
the realm of the dead

0 Great One, Lord of provisions; 0 Great One

who presides over houses; 0 You who are
above, who give bread to Ptah, the Great
One who is on the Great Throne; may you
give me bread, may you give me beer, may I
eat of the shin of beef together with the
roasted bread. 0 Ferryman of the Field of
Rushes, bring me these loaves from your
polar waters like your father the Great One
who travels in the Bark of the God.

Spell 104 Nebseny kneels holding a scribe's palette between --SPELL 108--
two enthroned mummiform gods. 990018 [illustrated p.103]

Spell for knowing the Souls of the Westerners

-- SPELL 104--
Spell for sitting among the great gods As for that mountain of Bakhu on which the sky rests, it is in the
east of the sky; it is three hundred rods long and one hundred and
I have sat among the great gods, I have passed by the House fif ty rods broad. Sobk, Lord of Bakhu, is in the east of that mou
of the Night-bark; it is the wasp which fetches me to see the ntain ; his temple is of cornelian. A serpent is on the top of that
great gods who are in the realm of the dead, and I am mountain; it is thirty cubits Jong, eight cubits of its forepart are of
vindicated in their presence, I am pure. flint, and its teeth gleam. I know the name of this serpent which is
on the mountain; its name is 'He who is in his burning'. Now after a
while he will turn his eyes against Re, and a stoppage will occur in
--SPELL 105-- the Sacred Bark and a great vision among the crew, for he will
[illustrated p.102] swallow up seven cubits of the great waters; Seth will project a
lance of iron against him and will make him vomit up all that he has
Spell for propitiating N's ka for him in the realm of the dead swal lowed . Seth will place him before him and will say to him with
magic power: 'Get back at the sharp knife which is in my hand! I
Hail to you, my ka of my lifetime; behold, I have come to you, stand before you, navigating aright and seeing afar. Cover your
I have appeared in glory, I am strong, besouled and mighty, face, for I ferry across; get back because of me, for I am the Male!
and I have brought to you natron and in cense that I may Cover your head, cleanse the palm of your hand; I am hale and I
cleanse you with them, that I may cleanse your slaver with remain hale, for I am the great magician, the son of Nut, and
them, even this evil phrase which I have spoken, this evil power against you has been granted to me. Who is that spirit who
impurity which I have done, and nothing has been imputed to goes on his belly, his tail and his spine? See, I have gone against
me, because to me belongs that papyrus-am ulet which is on you, and your tail is in my hand, for I
the neck of Re,
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Spell 105 Nesitanebtasheru, wearing a heart amulet and holding a kherep-sceptre, sits on a lion-footed chair before a standard on
which upraised arms, symbolising the ka, embrace a heap of food offerings topped by lotusflowers. I 0554/17

am one who exhibits strength. I have come that I may rescue Lake of Waterfov.;l, its north is in the Waters of Geese, the place in
the earth-gods for Re so that he may go to rest for me in the which Re navigates by wind or by rowing. I am the whip-master in
evening. I go round about the sky, but you are in the fetters the Ship of the God, I am one who rows and does not tire in the Bark
which were decreed for you in the Pres ence, and Re will go to of Re.
rest alive in his horizon .' I know those two trees of turquoise between which Re goes forth,
I know those who govern the matter by reason of which Apep which have grown up at the Supports of Shu at that gate of the Lord
is repelled; I know the Souls of the West erners, who are Atum, of the East from which Re goes forth.
Sobk the Lord of Bakhu, and Hathor the Lady of the Evening. I know that Field of Rushes which belongs to Re, the walls of which
are of iron; the height of the ba rley is five cubits, its ear is two cubits
--SPELL 109 -- and its stalk is three cubits; its emmer is seven cubits, its ear is of
[illustrated p.104] three cubits and its stalk of four cubits. They are spirits, each nine
cubits tall, who reap it in the presence of the Souls of the Easterners.
Spell for knowing the Souls of the Easterners I know the Souls of the Easterners; they are Horakhty, the sun-calf,
and the Morning Star.
I know the northern gate of the sky; its south is in the

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Spell 108 Three squatting deities representing the Souls of the Westerners and named as Atum, Sobk, lord of Bakhu, and Hathor, M
istress of the Evening. 990017

--SPELL 110 -- cession i n his Festival of Rosetjau, bearing the water- jars of the
[illu strated pp.10, lOS,106-7,110- l l] Great God, for the benefit of N.
Here begin the spells of the Field of Offerin gs and spells of going
N worsh ips the Ennead which is in the Field of Offer ings, and forth into the day; of coming and going in the realm of the dead ; of
he says : Hail to you, you owners of kas! I have come in peace being provided for in the Field of Rushes which is in the Field of
to you r fields in order to receive the provi sions v).hich you Offerings, the abode of the Great Goddess, the Mistress of Winds;
give; I have come to the Great God i n or der that I may receive having strength thereby, having power thereby, ploughing therein,
the provisions which his goodwill grants of bread and beer, reapin g and eating therein, drinking therein, copulating therein, and
oxen and fowl. Giving praise to the Ennead, doing homage to doing everything that used to be done on earth by N.
the Great God by N. He says: The Falcon has been taken by Seth, and I have seen the
A boon which the King grants to O ris and the Ennead which is damage in the Field of Offerings; I have released the Falcon from
in the Field of Offerings, that they may give invocation - Seth, I opened the paths of Re on the day when the sky was choked
offerings of bread and beer, oxen and fowl and all th ings good, and stifled, when the Rejected One panted for breath in vivif ying
and cloth ing and incense daily, which rest upon the altar every Him who was in the Egg and took Him who was in the womb from
day; to receive senu bread and khenef-bread, persen-bread, the Silent Ones.
milk, wine and the provisions of one who follows the god in his
pro-

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Spell 109 Nebseny stands in dazly adoration of the spotted sim-ca!J and a squatting falcon-headed Re-Horakhty, who wears a s1111-
d1Sc and cobra on his head. 990018

Now it befell that I rowed i n the ba rk in the Lake of Offerings; i n it, I do not perish in i t, for my magic is powerfu l in it. I will not be
I took i t from the Lim bs of Shu, and h is northern stars, h is aroused in it, my happy heart is not appre hensive i n it, for I know
Limbs, were set in d ue order; I rowed and arrived at its the wooden post of Hotep, wh ich is called Begu tet; it was made
waterways and towns, I fared south ward to the god who is in firm on the blood of Shu and it was lashed wi th the Bowstring of the
it, because I am he who wou ld rest in his fields. I control the Years on that day when the years were d ivided ; my mou th is
two Enneads whom he loves, I pacify the Com batants on hidden and his mouth is silent. I say something mys terious, I bri ng
behalf of those who are in the West; I create what is good, I etern i ty to an end and I take possession of everlasti ng.
bring peace, I pacif y the Combata nts on behalf of those who A LL RUBRICS HEREAFTER REFl·R TO THE F1FLD 01' OrFFRINGS
belong to them, I drive away mou rning from their elders, I (SEKHET-HOTEP) OR TO PARTS OF 1T. HoTEP A LONEIS USED EITHER
remove tu rmoil from their young; I wipe away harm of all OF THE f lELD OK OFITS PFRSONI
kinds from Isis, I wipe away harm of all kinds from the gods, I FICATION AS A DEITY.
remove tu rmoil from the Rivals, I separate the Au thori tative Being in Hotep, Lord of the Field of Offerings. This is Horus; he is a
One from his light, and I give abundance to souls and spirits; I falcon a thousand cubits long, life and dom inion are i n his hand,
have power over them. he comes and goes at will in its waterways and towns, he rises and
I am one whom Hotep knows, I row on its water ways, I arrive sets in Qengenet, the bi rth-place of the god. He does everythi ng in
at its towns. My utterance is m igh ty, I am more acute than the it as it is done i n the Island of Fire; there is no shouting in it, there
spirits, and they shall not have power over me. 0 Hotep, I acq u is nothi ng evil in it.
ire th is field of you rs wh ich you love, the Lad y of Ai r. I eat Th is is Hotep who walks throughout this field of his;
and carouse in i t, I drink and plough in it, I reap i n it, I
copulate in i t, I make love

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Spell 110 Kerq1my carries out various activities in the Field of Rushes, including offering incense, paddling across the Lake of
Offerings, ploughing , sowing seed , cutting corn and treading 01a the grain. J n the lowest register sq11ats the H eron of Ab1mdance
and four members of the Great Ennead, each holding and wearing an ostrich feather. The boat with snake-headed prow and stern
belongs to Wennefer, the one which contains a throne is the sun-god's. 991 l/2

he partakes of a meal in the bi rth-place of the god. If he rests I reap, and I am content in the City of God. I know the nam es of the
in Qenqenet, he will do everything in it as it is done in the districts, towns and waterways which are in the Field of Offerings
Island of Fire; there is no shouting in it, there is nothing evil i and of those who are in them; I am strong in them and I am a spirit
n it. in them ; I eat in them and travel about in them. I plou gh and reap
I live in Hotep, my bag and my bowl are on me, which I have in the Field ; I rise early in it and go to rest in it. I am a spirit in it as
filled from baskets, being one whom the spirits of the Lord of Hotep; I shoot and travel about in it ; at my word I row on its
Plenty guide. I depart and ascend to Him who brings it, and I waterways and I arrive at its towns as Hotep. My horns are sharp, I
have power th rou gh him, he accepts on my behalf, for I am give abundance to the souls and spirits, I allot authoritative
equipped and content. This great magic of m ine is powerf u l utterance to him who can use it·. I arrive at its towns, I row on its
in this body of mine, in these seats of mine; I am one who waterways, I traverse the Field of Offerings as Re who is in the
recalls to him self that of which I have been forgetful. I pldugh sky, and it is
and

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106

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Hotep who satisfies them. I have gone down to the earth, Ihave made Re content; Ihave gone up on high and Ihave caused joy to be
made, Ihave taken power, I have promised peace.
Being in Hotep. 0 Field, Ihave come into you, my soul behind me and authority before me. 0 Lady of the Two Lands, establish my
magic power for me, that by means of it Imay recall what Ihad forgotten. Iam alive without harm of any kind, and joy is given to me,
peace is mine, Icreate seed, Ihave received air.
Being in Hotep, Lord of Breezes. Ihave come into you, having opened up my head and having aroused my bod y. Iclose my eye, yet
Ishine on the day of the Milk goddess; Ihave slept by night, Ihave restored the milk to its proper level, and Iam in my town.
0 Town of the Great Goddess, Ihave come into you that Imay allot abundance and cause vegetation to flourish ;Iam the bull of lapis-
lazuli, unique and exalted, Lord of the Field, Bu!J of the Gods. Sothis speaks to me in her good time.
0 Swamp-land, Ihave come into you, Ihave taken the Grey-haired One to the roof, for Iam the moon, I
have swallowed up the darkness.
0 Town of Fair Offerings,Ihave come into you, Ieat my meal, Ihave power over fowl and flesh, and the poultry of Shu which attend on
my ka have been given to me.
0 Provision-town, I have come into you, I have woven the eight-weave cloth, I have donned the fringed cloak as Re in the sky whom
the gods who are in the sky
serve.
Being in Hotep, Lady of the Two Lands: I have come into you, I have immersed the waterways as Osiris, Lord of Putridity, Lord of the
Swamp-lands; as the Oldest One, Bull of vultures. I am a flamingo, which has eaten the like.
0 Qenqenet, I have come into you, I have seen my father, I have recognised my mother, I have risen early, I have caught fish. I know
the deep holes of the snakes, and I am saved. I know the name of this god; He whose mouth is put together, Lord of Holiness, whose
hair is in good order, whose horns are sharp. If he reaps, I will plough and I will reap.
0 Town of the M ilk-goddess, I have come into you;

Spell 110 Hor pulls flax, treads grain, ploughs and sows seed, adores three of the Great Ennead and paddles across the Lake of
Offerings, while his wife adores the Heron of Plenty. Beside a squatting god and staircase, representing the birthplace of the gods, are
depicted the boats of Wennefer and the sun-god. In four registers Isis and Nephthys adore the scarab-headed sun-god squatting ina
boat, Hor is introduced to Osiris and Isis by a god holding a was-sceptre and Hor kneels in adoration of six squatting gods each, with a
crook and flail, who represent Authority, Intelligence, Sight and Hearmg. 1047917

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those who would oppose me and drive me off and who would Spells I I 3 and I I 5 On the left Horemheb adores the Souls of
follow after me are those who would follow after Horus; heads Heliopolis named asfalcon-headed Re, Shu and lioness-headed
have been given to me, and I tie on the Head of Horus the Tefnut (Spell JJ5). The right-hand vignette shows Horemheb adoring
blue-eyed, acting according to his desire. the Souls of Nekhen, named asfalcon-headed Horus wearing a
0 Town of Union, I have come into you ; my head is whole and Double Crown, Duamutef and Qebehsenuef (Spell I 13). 10257/12
my heart is awake beneath the White Crown;
I am guided above and I am hale below, I give joy to the bulls Mansion of Iapu, Sunshade-bearers of the Adoration, who prepare
who are in charge of the Enneads, for I am a bull, Lord of the beer of Nu bia, do you know why Pe was given to Horus? You do not
Gods, who proceeds into the place of turquoise. know it, but I know it. It was Re who gave it to him in
0 M ighty Woman, I have come into you, I have taken compensation for the m u ti lation in his Eye; I know it.
the Grey-haired One to the roof, I have fashioned Authority, I It so happened that Re said to Horus: 'Let me see your eye since this
am in the middle of my Eye. has happened to it.' He looked at it and said : 'Look at that black
0 barley and emmer of the District of the God, I have come into stroke with you r hand covering up the sound eye which is there.'
you, I fare upstream, I sail on the Waterway of Horns, Lady of Horus looked at that stroke and said: 'Behold, I am seeing it as alto
Pu re Things, I drive i n the mooring post in the upper wa gether white.' And that is how the oryx came into being. And Re
terways. I have borne alof t the storm of the Disturber and I said : 'Look again at yonder black pig.' And Horus looked at this black
have upheld the Supports of the Old One. pig, and Horus cried out be cause of the cond ition of his i nju red
eye, saying: 'Behold, my eye is like that first wound which Seth
--SPELL 112 - inflicted on my eye', and Horus fainted before him. Then Re said :
'Put him on his bed u ntil he is well.' It so happened that Seth had
Spell for knowing the Souls of Pe transformed himself into a black pig and had projected a wou nd into
his eye, and Re said : 'The pig is detestable to Horus.' 'We wish he
0 you female Souls of the Night, Marsh-d wellers, Women of were well,' said the gods. That is how the detestation of the pig came
Mendes, you of the Fish-nome and of the about for Horus's sake by the gods who are in the suite.
Now when Horus was a child, his sacrificial animal was a pig before
his eye had suffered - lmsety, Hapy,

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• I ...

Spell 114 Three squatting ibis-headed gods represent the Souls of H ermopo!is. 990017

Duamutef and Qebehsenuef , whose father was Horu s the water when she said : 'You shall be the two severed por tions of
Elder and whose mother was Isis - and he said to Re: 'Give me Horus after you have been found.' And Re said, 'This son of Isis is
two in Pe and two in Nekhen from this second company . May injured by reason of what his own mother has done to him ; let us
I be an allotter of eternity, an opener of everlasting and a fetch Sobk from the back of the waters, so that he may fish them
queller of strif e in this my name of "Horus who is on his out and that his mother Isis may cause them to grow again in their
papyrus-column".' pro per place.' And Sobk from the back of the waters said : 'I have
I know the Souls of Pe; they are Horus, Imsety and Hapy . fished and I have sought; they slipped from my hand on the bank of
the waters, but in the end I fished them up with a fish-trap.' That is
--SPELL 113 -- how thefish-trap came into being.
Knowing the mystery of N ekhen. Thus said Re: 'Has Sobk any fish as
Spell for knowing the Souls of N ekhen well as finding Horus's hands for him ?' That is how Fish-worship-
town came into being. Then Re said : 'Hidden are the mysteries
I know the mystery of Nekhen ; it is the hands of Horus of his concerning this fish trap which brought Horus's hands to us; the
mother's making which were thrown nto the sight is

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Spell I J O Ani carries out agricultural activities in the Field of Rushes,
0 including cutting corn, treading out the grain and ploughing. He
worships three members of the Great Ennead, the Western Falcon and the Heron of Plenty and paddles across the Lake of Offerings.
Among the islands and waterways are depicted the boats of Wennefer and the sun-god and heaps of grain. 10470/35

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Spell I 17 Anubis leads Nakht towards a False Door, entrance to I know the mystery of Nek hen ; it is the hands of Horus and what is
the Other World, before which stands a tree. I047 1/8 in them, for I have been introd uced to the Souls of Nekh en . Open
to me, that I may join with Horus. '
cleared because of it i n the monthly festival and the half I know the Souls of Nekhen: they are Horus, Dua mutef and
month ly festival in Fish-worship-town.' And Re said : 'Nekhen Qebehsenuef Not to be said when eating pig.
is set in his embrace and the sight is cleared on account of his
hands in this Nekhen which I have given to him, and what is in --SPELL 114 --
them is sh ut up in the Q.alf, monthly festival.' [illustrated p.109)
Then Horus said : 'Indeed I have placed Duam utef and
Qebehsenuef with me so that I may watch over them, for they Spell for knowing the Souls of Hermopolis
are a contentious company; further, they are to be there while
Nekhen is mine, according to the word of Re, "Place them in The plume is stuck into the shoulder of Osiris, the Red Crown shines
the prison of Nekhen, for they have done what used to be in the bowl, the Eye is eaten and he who sought it is fetched . I know
done by Her who is in the Broad Hall" ; "They are with me", it, for I have been initiated into it by the Sem-priest, and I have never
you shall say, and they will end up with you u ntil Seth knows spoken nor made repetition to the gods. I have come on an errand
that they are with you and complains.' for Re in order to cause the plume to grow into the
0 you who are in Nekhen, power is given to me, and

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shoulder of Osiris, to make complete the Red Crown in the the Wereret-crown. I have come that I may establish offerings in
bowl and to pacify the Eye for him who num bered it. I have Abydos, I have opened the ways in Roset jau, I have assuaged the
entered as a Power because of what I know, I have not spoken pains of Osiris. It is I who cre ated water, who discerned my throne,
to men, I have not repeated what was said. who prepared my way in the valley and on the waterway. 0 Great
Hail to you, Souls of Hermopolis ! Know that Re desires the One, prepare a way for me, for it is you rs. It was I who vin dicated
plume which grows and the Red Crown which is complete at Osiris against his enemies, so may I be vindi cated against my
this temple, and rejoice at the allotting of what is to be enemies. May I be like one of you, a friend of the Lord of Eternity,
allotted. may I walk like you walk, may I stand like you stand, may I sit like
I know the Souls of Hermopolis. What is great in the half- you sit, may I speak like you speak before the Great God, Lord of the
month and small in the full month, that is Thoth. West .

--SPELL 115--
[illustrated p.108] --SPELL 118--

Spell for ascending to the sky, opening up the tomb, and Spell for arriving in Rosetjau
knowing the Souls of Heliopolis
I am one who was born in Rosetjau , and benefits have been given
I have spent yesterday among the great ones, I have become to me by those who are among the noble dead, with the pu re
Khepri, I have cleared the vision of the Sole Eye, I have opened things of Osiris; I received praise in Rosetjau when I conducted
up the circle of darkness. I am one of them, I know the Souls Osiris to the Mounds of Osiris. I am uniq ue, having conducted them
of Heliopolis, into which the High priest of Heliopolis was not to the Mounds of Osiris.
initiated through revelation ; (I know) the hostile acts by Him
who would destroy the heirs of Heliopolis; I know why a
braided lock is made for a man. --SPELL 119--
Re disputed with the serpent, 'Him who is in his burning', and [illustrated p.114]
his mouth was injured, and that is how the red uction in the
month came about. He said to the ser pent: 'I will take my Spell for going forth from Rosetjau
harpoon, which men will inherit', and that is how the harpoon
came into being. The ser pent said : 'The Two Sisters will come I am the Great One who created his own light; I have come to you,
into being', and that is how Re's passing by came into being. Osiris, that I may worship you, for pu re is the efflux which was
It so happened that He of the red cloth heard, and his arm was drawn from you, the name of which was made in Rosetjau; may you
not stopped. He transformed himself into a woman with be mighty thereby in Abydos. Raise you rself, Osiris, that you may go
braided hair, and that is how the priest of Heliopolis with rou nd about the sky with Re and see the people; 0 Unique One,
braided hair came into being. It so hap pened that the mighty travel around as Re. See, I have spoken to you, Osiris; I have the
one was stripped in the temple, and that is how the stripped rank of a god, I say what comes to pass, and I will not be turned
one of Heliopolis came into being. It so happened that the away from you, Osiris.
heritage of the heir came into being, and great will be he who
shall see it; he will become High-priest of Heliopolis.
I know the Souls of Heliopolis; they are Re, Shu and Tefnut. --SPELL 122--
--SPELL 117--
[also illustrated p.114]
Spell for entering after coming out
Spell for taking the road in Rosetjau
To me belongs everything, and the whole of it has been given to me.
The ways which are above the waters lead to Rosetja u ; I am I have gone in as a falcon, I have come out as a phoenix; the Morning
he who clothed my standard which came fo' rth from Star has made a path for me, and I enter in peace in to the beautiful
West. I belong to

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Spell 117 and I 19 On the left Ta-Amen-iw walks away from her Ta-Amen-iw strides towards her tomb chapel set on the western
tomb chapel set on the western mountain (Spell I 19), and on slopes (Spell 117). 10086/ 10
the right --SPELL 124--
[illustrated p.117]
the Garden of Osiris, and a path is made for me so that I may
go in and worship Osiris the Lord of Life. Spell for go'ing down to the Tribunal of Osiris

--SPELL 123-- My soul has built an enclosed place in Busiris, and I am flourishing in
Pe; I plough my fields in my own shape, and my dom-palm is that
Spell for entering into the Great Mansion upon which Min is.
What I doubly detest, I will not eat; my detestation is faeces, and I
Hail to you, Atum ! I am Thoth who judged between the Rivals. will not eat it, I will not consume excre ment, I will not approach it
I have stopped their fighting, I have wiped away their with my hands, I will not tread on it with my sandals, because my
mourning, I have seized the buri-fish when it would flee away, I bread is of white emmer and my beer is of red barley. It is the Night-
have done what you commanded in the matter, and afterwards bark and the Day-bark which bring it to me, and I will eat beneath
I spent the night within my Eye (the moon). I am devoid of ill- the branches, for I know the bearers of what is good. Then I will
will, and I have come that you may see me in the Mansion of recite glorifications of the White Crown, and I will be raised aloft by
Him of the double face in accordance with what was command the u raei . 0 you door-keepers of Him who pacifi ed the Two Lands,
ed ; the old men are under my control and the little ones bring me those who prepare offerings and let the branches be
belong to me.

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 --SPELL 127--
raised for me; may the sunshine open its arms to me, may the [illustrated pp.120-1]
Ennead be silent when the sun-folk speak to me. May I guide
the hearts of the gods, and may they protect me, may I be The book of worshipping the gods of the caverns; what a man should
mighty among those who suspend themselves on high. As for say there when he reaches them in order to go in to see this god in
any god or any goddess who shall oppose themselves to me, the Great Mansion of the Netherworld.
they shall be handed over to those who are in charge of the Hail to you, gods of the caverns which are in the West! Hail to you,
yea r, who live on hearts, while the preparation of senu-bread door-keepers of the Netherworld who guard this god and who bring
is before me; may Osiris eat it when going forth from the East, news to the presence of Osiris! May you be alert, may you have
may it be allotted to those who are in the presence of Re, may power, may you destroy the enemies of Re, may you make
it be allotted to those who are i n the presence of the brightness, may you dispel your darkness, may you see the holiest of
Sunshine-god who covers the sky among the great ones who the Great Ones, may you live as he lives, may you give praise to Him
belong to it. who is in his sun-disc, may you guide N to you r doors. May his soul
Place bread in my mouth; I will go into the Moon god, so that pass by your hidden things, for he is one of you . May he strike evil
he may speak to me, that the followers of the gods may speak into Apep, may his wrong-doing be smitten down in the West. You
to me, that the sun may speak to me, and that the sun-folk are triumphant over your enemies, 0 Great God who are in your sun-
may speak to me. The dread of me is in the twilight and in the disc; you are triumphant over you r enemies, 0 Osiris, Foremost of
Celestial Waters which are his on his forehead; I am there with the Westerners; you are trium phant, 0 N, over your enem ies in sky
Osiris, and my mat is his mat among the Elders. I have told him and earth and in the tribunals of every god and every goddess. Osiris,
the words of men, and I have repeated to him the words of the Foremost of the Westerners, speaks in front of the Valley and he is
gods. My spirit comes equipped, for I am an equipped spirit vindicated i n the great tribunal.
and I have equipped all the spirits. 0 you door-keepers who guard your portals, who swallow souls and
who gulp down the corpses of the dead who pass by you when they
-- SPELL 125-- are allotted to the House of Destruction, who cause that the soul of
See page 29 every potent, great and holy spirit shall be led aright to the place of
the Silent Land, even he who is a soul like Re who is praised and like
-- SPELL 126-- Osiris who is praised. May you guide N, may you open the portals for
[illustrated pp.118-19] him, may the earth open its caverns to him, may you make him
trium phant over his enemies. So shall he give gifts to Him of the
0 you four baboons who sit in the bow of the Bark of Re, who Netherworld; he shall make the head-cloth potent for its wearer
raise up truth to the Lord of All, who judge poor and rich, who within the hidden chamber as the image of Horakhty. 'May the soul
propitiate the gods with the breath of your mouths, who give of the potent spirit be led aright; how mighty is that which is in his
god 's-offerings to the gods and invocation-offerings to the hands!', say the two great and mighty gods concerning N. They
spirits, who live on truth and gulp down truth, whose hearts rejoice over him, they acclaim him with what is in their hands, they
have no lies, who de test falsehood : expel my evil, grip hold of give him their protection so that he may live. N has appeared as a
my falsehood, and I will have no guilt in respect of you. Grant living one who is in the sky, it has been commanded to him to
that I may open up the tom b, that I may enter into Rosetjau, assume his own shape, he is vin dicated in the tribunal, and the gates
and that I may pass by the secret portals of the West. There of sky, earth and the Netherworld are opened for him as for Re.
shall be given to me a shens-cake, a jug of beer and a persen- N says: Open for me the gates of sky, earth and the Netherworld, for
loaf, just like those spirits who go in and out in Rosetjau. I am the soul of Osiris, and I am at peace thereby. I pass by their
THE BABOONS REPLY: Come, so that we may expel your evil courts, and they give praise when they see me; I have gone in
and grip hold of you r falsehood so that the dread of you may favoured and I have come out beloved; I have jou rneyed, and no
be on earth, and dispel the evil which was on you on earth. fault of any kind has been found in me.
Enter into Rosetjau, pass by the secret portals of the West, and
there shall be given to you a shens-cake, a jug of beer, and a
persen-loaf, and you shall go in and out at your desire, just like
those favou red spirits who are summoned daily into the
hdrizon.
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'..

Spell 89 A vulture holding a shen, symbol of eternity,flie s protectively over the mummy of Nesitanebtasheru. 10554/28

--SPELL 128--
[illustrated p.122] his great incantations which are in h is body and which issue from
his mouth ; and Horus's heart is made more glad than those of all the
Worshipping Osiris gods. Raise you rself up, Horus son of Isis, so that you may protect
you r father Osiris. Shout with joy, Osiris, for I have come to you ; I
Hail to you, Osiris Wennefer, the vindicated, the son of Nut! am Horus, I have saved you alive today, and there are invo cation-
You are the first-born son of Geb, the Great One who came offerings of bread and beer, oxen and fowl and all good things for
forth from Nut; King in the Thin ite nome; Forem ost of the Osiris. Raise yourself up, Osiris; I will smite you r enemies for you,
Westerners; Lord of Abydos; Lord of Power, greatly majestic; for I have saved you from them. I am Horus in this happy day as one
Lord of the Atef-crown in Heracleopolis; Lord of Might in the who appears
Thinite nome; owner of a tomb ; greatly powerf ul in Busiris; happily in glory with your power.
Lord of offerin gs and multiple of festivals in Mendes. Horus He exalts you with himself today in your tribunal; shout for joy,
exalts his father Osiris in every place which Isis the god dess Osiris, for you r ka has come to you, accom panying you, that you
and her sister Nephthys protect; Thoth speaks with may be content in this your name of 'Contented Ka'; he glorifies you
in this you r name of

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Spell 124: Horemheb stands before the Four Sons of Horus, who carry was-sceptres and ankhs. 10257/13
--SPELL 130 -
'Divine Spirit'; he worships you in this your name of 'Magician'; [illustrated pp.120-1]
he opens up paths for you in this you r name of 'Opener of
Paths'. Another spell for making a spirit worthy on the birthday of Osiris and
Shout with joy, Osiris, for I have come to you that I may put for making a soul to live for ever
your enemies under you in every place where you are
vindicated in the tribunals of the Ennead. May the sky be opened, may the earth be opened, may the West be
Shout with joy, Osiris; take your mace and your staff, with your opened, may the East be opened, may the chapel of Upper Egypt be
stairway below you. Control the food of the gods; control the opened, may the chapel of Lower Egypt be opened, may the doors
offerings of those who are in their tombs; give you r greatness be opened, may the eastern portals be thrown open for Re when he
to the gods, 0 You whom the Great God created. May you be as cends from the horizon. May the doors of the Night-bark be
with them in your mummy-form, may you collect you rself opened for him, may the portals of the Day-bark be thrown open for
because of all the gods, for you have heard the voice of Maat him, may he breathe Shu, may he create Tefnut, may those who are
today. in the suite serve him, may they serve me like Re daily.
Recite an offering-formula to this god in the Wag festival.

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I am a follower of Re, who receives his firmament; the god occupies his shrine, Horus having approached his lord, whose seats are
secret, whose shrine is pure, mess enger of the god to him whom he loved. I am one who takes hold of Maat, having presented her
before him; I am he who knots the cord and lashes his shrine together. What I detest is storm, and there will be no heaping up of
waters in my presence, I will not be turned back be cause of Re, I will not be driven off by whoever acts with his hands, I will not go
into the Valley of Darkness, I will not enter into the Lake of Criminals, I will not be in the weakening of striking-power, I will not fall as
plu nder, I will go in among those who are taken before him, behind the slaughter-block of the shambles of Sopd.
Hail to you, you squatting gods! The seclusion of the god is in the secrecy of the arms of Geb at dawn; who is he who will guide the
Great One? He will num ber the children in his good time, while Thoth is in the secret places; he will make purity for Him who counts
the myr iads who are to be counted, who opens up the firmame.r:it and dispels all cloudiness. I have reached him in his place, I grasp
the staff, I receive the head-cloth for Re, whose fair movements are great. Horus flames up around his eye, and his two Enneads are
about his throne; if they remove the sore pain which he suffers, then will I remove the pain, that I may be made comfortable
thereby. I will open up the horizon for Re, and I have built his ship 'She who proceeds happily'; the face of Thoth will be made bright
for me, and Iwill worship Re, he will hearken to me, for he has implanted an obstacle on my behalf against my enemies. I will not be
left boatless, I will not be turned back from the horizon, for I am Re. I will not be left boat less in the great crossing by Him whose
face is on his knee and whose hand is bent down, because the name of Re is in my body, his dignity is in my mouth. So he has told
me, and I hear his word.
Praise to you, Re, Lord of the Horizon; hail to you for whom the sun-folk are pu re, for whom the sky is controlled in the great
moment when the hostile oars men pass by. See, I have come among those who make truth known, because I am far away in the
West; I have broken up the storm of Apep, 0 Double Lion, as I prom ised you. See, I have come; 0 you who are before the Great
Throne, hearken to me. I go down into your trib unal, I rescue Re from Apep every day, and there is no one who can attack him, for
those who are about him are awake. I lay hold of the writings, I receive offerings, I equip Thoth with what was made for him, I cause
truth to circulate over the Great Bark, I go down vindicated into the tribunal, I establish the Chaos-gods, I lead the

Spell 126 The Four Baboons who sit in the bark of Re squat around a Lake of Fire withflaming braziers between them. 10470/33

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Entou rage, I grant to them a voyage in utter joy, when the crew Bark, I occupy your seat, I receive my dignity, I control the paths of
of Re goes round about following his beauty. Maat is exalted so Re and the stars, I am he who drives off the Destructive One who
that she may reach her lord, and praise is given to the Lord of All. comes at the flame of your Bark upon the great plateau . I know
I take the staff, I sweep the sky with it, and the sun folk give me them by their names, and they will not attack your Bark, for I am in
praise as to Him who stands and does not tire. I extol Re in what it, and I am he who prepares the offerings.
he has made, I dispel cloudiness, I see his beauty, I display the Tope said over a Bark of Re drawn in ochre on a clean place. When
terror of him, I make his oarsmen firm when his Bark travels over you have placed a likeness of this spirit in front of it, you shall draw
the sky at dawn. I am the Great One within his Eye, who kneels a Night-bark on its right side and a Day-bark on its left side. There
at the head of the Great Bark of Khepri. I come into being and shall be offered to them in their presence bread and beer and all
what I have said comes into being, I am this one who traverses good things on the birthday of Osiris. If this is done for him, his
the sky towards the West, and those who heap up the air stand soul will live for ever and he will not die again.
up in joy; they have taken the bow-warp of Re from his crew, and
Re traverses the sky happily in peace by my command; I will not --SPELL 131 --
be driven away, the fiery breath of your power will not carry me [illustrated p.123]
off, the power of repulsion in your mouth will not go forth
against me, I will not walk on the paths of pestilence, for to fall Spell for being in the presence of Re
into it is the detestation of my soul; what I detest is the flood,
and it shall not attack me. I go aboard your I am that Re who shines in the night. As for anyone who

Spells 127, 129 and 130 On the left Horemheb stands in a boat Horemheb paddling the phoenix in a boat towards Osiris, who
behind thefalcon-headed sun-god and two other deities all stands before his djed -pillar (Spell 129: the text, being identical to
carrying ankhs and was-sceptres (Spell 130). The central detail Spell 100, is translated under that number). On the right
shows

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 --SPELL 132--
is in his suite or who lives in the suite of Thoth, he will give [illustrated p.124]
appearance in glory to this Horus in the night and joy to me,
because I am one of these, and my enemies will be driven off Spell for causing a man to turn about in order to see his house upon
from the Entou rage; I am a follower of Re who has received his earth
firmament. I have come to you, my father Re; I have travelled
in the air, I have sum moned this Great Goddess, I have I am the Lion who went out with a bow, I have shot and I have ... The
adorned the god of Authority, I have passed by that Destructive Eye of Horus belongs to me, I have opened the Eye of Horus at th is
One who is in the road to Re, and it is well with me. I have time, I have reached the river bank.
reached this Old One who is at the limits of the horizon, whom Come in peace, 0 N.
I have driven off. I take possession of the Great God dess, I lift
up your soul when you have become strong, and my soul is in --SPELL 133--
the dread of you and the awe of you; I am he who enforces the [illustrated p.125]
commands of Re in the sky.
Hail to you, Great God in the east of the sky! I go aboard your Writing for making a spirit worthy; to be recited on the first of the
Bark, 0 Re; I pass by as a divine falcon, I give orders, I smite month
with my sceptre and govern with my staff. I go aboard you r
Bark, 0 Re, in peace; I navigate in peace to the beautiful West, Re appears in his horizon, his Ennead following after him; the god
and Atum speaks to me. issues from the secret place, and trembling falls on the eastern
THE REMAINDER OF TH IS SPELL IS TOO CORRU PT TO YIELD AN horizon of the sky at the voice of Nut; she clears the ways for Re
INTELLIG IBLE TEXT. before the Oldest One, who turns about. Raise yourself, 0 Re who
are in you r shrine, that you may lap up the breezes. May you swal
low the north wind, may you swallow the spine, may you entrap the
day, may you kiss Maat, may you divide your suite, may you sail the
Sacred Bark to the Lower Sky, may the Elders run to and fro at you r
voice; may

Horemheb adores the Gods of the Caverns, three of whom

stand with was-sceptres, while the others squat withfeathers
on their heads (Spell 127). 10257/14

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Spell 128 Hor stands pulling onadjed-pilla r before Osiris,1sis, tribunal of the names. There shall be made a sky with stars purified
Nephthys and thefalcon-headed Horus, who wears the Double with natron and incense. Make an image of Re with ochre in a new
Crown. bowl placed infront of this bark, and put an image of this spirit
I sis, N ephthysand H orus carry a was-sceptre andakerchief l which you desire to be made worthy within this bark ; it means that
0479/9 he will sail in the Bark of Re, and that Re himself will see him in it.
This spirit will be deemed worthy in the heart of Re, he will be
you reckon up your bones, may you gather your mem bers caused to have power over the Ennead, and they will be with him;
together, may you turn your face to the beautiful West, may you the gods will see him as one of them selves, the dead will see him,
retu rn anew every day, for you are that golden image wh ich and they will fall on their faces when he is seen in the realm of the
bears the likeness of the sun-disc, the sky being possessed with dead by means of the rays of the sun.
trembling at your recu r rence every day. The horizon is joyful,
and there is ac clamation within you r bou nds. --SPELL 134 -
As for the gods who are in the sky who behold N, they have [illustrated p.125]
offered up praise as though to Re, for N is a great one who seeks
out the Wereret-crown of Re and reckons up his needs; N is one Another spell for making a spirit worthy
alone whose affairs flour ish in that first company of those who
are in the presence of Re; N is hale on earth and in the realm of Hail to Him who dwells in his shrine, who rises and shines, who
the dead, N is hale like Re every day, N will run and will not tire imprisons myriads at his will and who gives commands to the sun-
in this land for ever. How happy are those who see with their folk, Khepri who dwells in his Bark, for he has felled Apep. It is the
eyes and who hear truth with their ears as Re and who ply the child ren of Geb who will fell you, you enemies of N, who would
oar in the suite of Nu n! N will not tell what he has seen nor will demol ish the Bark of Re. Horus has cut off their heads in the sky
he repeat what he has heard of the secret matters, and there is like birds, and thei r goat-buttocks are in the Lake of Fish. As for any
acclamation for N. The god's bod y of Re crosses the Abyss male or female adversary who would do harm to N, whether he is
among those who pro pitiate the will of the god with what he one who shall descend from
has desired, and N is a falcon whose shape is great.
To be spoken over a Sacred Bark of four cubits' length made of
pieces of malachite, and having upon it the
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the sky or ascend from the earth, who shall come by water or travel in company with the stars, Thoth the son of an eggshell who
came out of the two eggshells shall decapitate them. Be dum b, be deaf before N! This is Re, this god mightily terrible and greatly
majestic; he will bathe in your blood, he will drink of your gore, 0 you who would do much harm to N in the Bark of his father Re. N is
Horus; his mother Isis bore him, Nephthys nursed him, just as they did for Horus, in order to drive away the confederacy of Seth, and
they see the Wereret crown firm-planted on his head. The spirits of men and gods and the spirits of the dead fall on their faces when
they see N as Horus, with the Wereret-crown firm planted on his head; they fall on their faces when N is tri umphant over his
enemies in the Upper Sky and the Lower Sky and in the tribunals of every god and every goddess.
To be spoken over a falcon standing with the White Crown on his head; Atum, Shu and Tefnut, Geb and N ut, Osiris and Isis, Seth and
Nephthys being drawn in ochre on a new bowl placed in the Sacred Bark , together with an image of this spirit whom you wish to be
made worthy, it being anointed with oil. Offer to them incense on the fire and roasted ducks, and worship Re. It means that hefor
whom this is done will voyage and be with Re every day in every place he desires to travel, and it means that the enemies of Re will
be driven off in very deed. A matter a million times true.

--SPELL 135--

Another spell to be said when the moon is new on the first day of the month.
Open, 0 cloudiness! The bleared Eye of Re is cov
ered , and Horus proceeds happily every day, even he the great of shape and weighty of striking-power, who dis pels bleariness of
eye with his fiery breath. Behold, 0 Re, I have come voyaging, for I am one of these four gods who are at the side of the sky, and I
show you Him who is present by day.
Make your cable fast, for there is no opposition to you.
As for him who knows this spell, he will be a worthy spirit in the realm of the dead, and he will not die again in the realm of the dead,
and he will eat in the presence of Osiris. As for him who knows it on earth, he will be like Thoth, he will be worshipped by the living,
he will not fall to the power of the king or the hot rage of Bastet, and he will proceed to a very happy old age.
Spell 131 Horemheb kneels in a boat adoring thefalcon-headed Re, who wears a sun-disc and cobra on his head and squats within a
large sun-disc holding a was-sceptre on his knee. 10237/15

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Spell 132 Nebamun stands with a staff in hand before his earthly Spell 133 Nebseny stands in daily adoration before thefalcon-
house, which is built of mud bricks. 9964120 headed Re, who is enthroned in his boat wearing a sun-disc, with a
cobra on his head and carrying a was-sceptre. 9900/23

Spell 134 Nebseny prays with his daughter before a boat on whose
prow perches afalcon with aflail and the White Crown. In the boat
stand Shu, Tefnut, Geb,Nut, Osiris, Isis, Horus and Hathor. 990016

--SPELL 136A --
[illustrated pp.126-7] among all those who are not ignorant of you. Your war shout is
Another spell for making a spirit worthy on the Festival of the harsh, 0 swiftest of the Ennead, you being stronger, more besouled
Sixth Day and more effective than the gods of Upper and Lower Egypt and
their powers. May you grant that N be great and mighty in the sky
Behold the starry sky is in Heliopolis, and the sun-folk are in just as you are greatest of the gods; may you save him from
Kheraha. The god is born, his fillet is bou nd on, his oar is anything that those who hunt with yonder Adversary may do
grasped, and N gives judgement with them in the lotus-bark at against him. May his heart be valiant, may you make N mightier
the dockyard of the gods; N takes over the bark in it which has than all the gods, the spirits and the dead.'
lotus-flowers on its ends; N ascends to the sky, N sails in it to N is mighty, the Lord of Might; N is the master of righteousness,
Nut, he sails in it with Re, he sails in it with apes, he repels the whom Wadjet made; N's protection is the protection of Re in the
waves which are over yonder polar region of Nut at that sky. May you permit N to pass into your Bark, 0 Re, in peace;
stairway of Sebeg. Geb and Nut are happy, there is repeated the prepare a path for N who navigates the Bark, for N's protection is
renewed and rejuvenated name of Wennefer, Re is his power, its pro tection. N is he who daily drives off the aggressor against Re;
Wenti is what he is called : 'You are abundance, the greatest of N has come like Horus into the holy place of the horizon of the sky;
the gods, widespread of sweet savour N is he who makes Re known at

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the gates, and the gods who meet N rejoice over him, for the Spell 136A a11d B Atum, Hathor and three other enthroned deities,
greatness of a god is on N, the Destroyer will not attack him, the all holding was-sceptres, pull on ropes attached to a boat on whose
keepers of the gates will not ignore him. N is he whose face is prow squats Horus as a child. Nakht stands in the boat poling,
hidden within the Great Mansion, even he the master of the
god's shrine; N is he who des patches the words of the gods to --SPELL 136B --
Re; N has come that he may report business to its lord; N is
stout of hea rt and weighty of action among those who prepare Spell for sailing in the Great Bark of Re and for passing over the
offerings. circle of fire
To be recited over an image of this spirit placed in this bark, you
being cleansed, purified and censed in the pres ence of Re, with This is the fire which shines behind Re and which is concentrated
bread, beer, roast meat and ducks; it means that he will be behind him ; the storm is afraid of the shining and splendid Bark of
conveyed in the Bark of Re. As for any spirit for whom this is Re. I have come with Him whose face is wiped into his sacred lake, I
done, he will be among the living, and he will never perish. He have seen Him who attains to righteousness, who has fallen among
will be a holy god, and nothing evil shall ever harm him; he will those whose forms are holy, who are in sarcophagi; and the reed-
be a potent spirit in the West, and he will not die again. He will dwellers are many. I have looked there, and we rejoice; their great
eat and drink in the presence of Osiris every day; he will be ones are in joy and their little ones are in happiness. A path is made
admitted with the kings of Upper Egypt and the kings of Lower for me at the head of the Sacred Bark, and I am lifted up as the sun
Egypt every day, he will drink water from the stream, he will go disc; I am bright in its sunshine ...
out into the day like Horus, he will live and be like a god, and he Down on your faces, you evil snakes! Let me pass, for I am a mighty
will be worshipped by the living like Re every day. A matter a one, Lord of the mighty ones; I am a noble of the Lord of
million times true. Righteousness, whom Wadjet made. My protection is the
protection of Re. See, I am he who went

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alongside a larg ef alcon's head wearing a sun-disc. In foretold before you, 0 N, and it is safe on you r brow. The Eye of
thefollowing boat, steered by Thoth, thefalco n-headed sun-god Horus is you r protection, 0 Osiris, Fore
sits enthroned behind the scarab-headed Khepriand I sis. I most of the Westerners; it spreads its protection over you, it f ells
0471/9 all your enem ies for you , and you r enemies have indeed fallen to
you.
rou nd about in the Field of Offerin gs of the Two Lands; a The Eye of Horus is you r protection, 0 N, it spreads its protection
greater god than you, who reckons up his Enneads among those over you, it fells all you r enemies for you , and your enem ies have
who give offerings. indeed fallen to you .
To your ka, 0 Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners!
--SPELL 137A-- The Eye of Horus is you r protection ; it spreads its pro tection over
[illustrated p.128] you, it fells all you r enemies for you , and your enemies have
indeed fallen to you.
Spell for four torchesfor the ceremonies which are carried outfor To your ka, 0 N! The Eye of Horus is you r protection ; it spreads its
a spirit . You shall mak efour basins of clay beaten up with protection over you, it fells all your enemies for you, and you r
incense and filled with milk of a white cow; the torches are to be enemies have indeed fallen to you.
quenched in them The Eye of Horus comes i ntact and shining like Re in the horizon; it
covers up the powers of Seth who would possess it, for it is he who
The torch comes to your ka, 0 Osiris, Foremost of the would fetch it for himself, and it is hot against him when he is at the
Westerners, and the torch comes to you r ka, 0 N. There comes feet of the intact Eye of Horu s. Eat the food of you r body,
he who promises the night after the day; there come the two possessing it, and worship it.
sisters of Re; there comes she who was manifested in Abydos, May the fou r torches go in to you r ka, 0 Osiris, Foremost of the
for I cause it to come, even that Eye of Horus which was foretold Westerners; may the four torches go in to your ka, 0 N. 0 you
before you, 0 Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners . It is safe in Children of Horus, Imsety,
you r outer chamber, having appeared on your brow, 'for it was

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Spell 137A Four men carry torches towards a mummifom figure before whom are set four prescribed basins. I 0477/26

Hapy, Duam utef, Qebehsen uef, as you spread your protection you r enemies have indeed fallen to you. Remove the im pediment
over your father Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, so spread from N that he may live with the gods; smite the enem ies of N and
you r protection over N as when you removed the impediment protect N. At dawn may Horus become strong that he may protect
from Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, so that he m ight live N when wrong is done to N, and may you drive Seth off.
with the gods and drive Seth from him ; as when at dawn Horu s To your ka, N! The Eye of Horus is you r protector, it fells all your
became strong that he himself m ight protect his father Osiris enemies for you and you r enemies have indeed fallen to you.
when wrong was done to you r father when you drove Seth off. Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, is he who causes a torch to be
To you r ka, Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners! The Eye of bright for the poten t souls in Heracleo polis; may you make the
Horus is you r protector which spreads its pro tection over you; living soul of N strong with his torch, so that he may not be repelled
it fells all your enem ies for you , and nor driven off from

128 13
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Spell 1378 The hippopotamus-goddess Opet, Mistress of Protection, sets fire to incense in a bowl on a tall stand. 990016

the portals of the West. Then there will be brought in to him Westerners. A matter a million times true.
his bread, beer and clothing among the possessors of offerings; Beware greatly lest you do this before anyone except yourself,
you will send up thanks for power, for N will be restored to his with your father or your son, because it is·a great secret of the
true shape, his true god-like form. West, a secret image of the Nether world, since the gods, spirits
To be spok en over four torches of red linen smeared with best and dead see it as the shape of the Foremost of the Westerners.
quality Libyan oil in the hands of f our men ori whose arms are He will be mighty like this god, and you shall cause this spell of
inscribed the names of the Children of Horus. They are to be thesefour torches to be recited for him every day, so that his image
lighted in broad daylight, in order to give this spirit power over shall be made to arrive at every gate of these seven gates of Osiris.
the Imperishable Stars. As for him for whom this spell is recited, It means being a god, having power in the company of the gods
he will never perish, his soul shall live for ever, and this torch and spirits for ever and ever, and entering into the secret portals
shall strengthen his spirit like Osiris, ForemoS't of the without his being turned away from

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Osiris. As for him for whom this is done, he shall go in and out without being turned away; he shall not be ar rested or left out on the
Day of judgement when he who is detestable to Osiris will suffer. A true matter.
You shall recite this writing when this spirit is pure, made worthy and cleansed and when his mouth is opened with q, 'll,(and of iron.
This text was copied when it was found in writing by the king's son Hordedef, being what he found in a secret chest written in the
god's own hand in the temple of Wenut, M istress of Wenut, when he was travelling upstream inspecting the temples in the fields and
mounds of the gods. What is done is a secret of the Netherworld belonging to the Mysteries of the Nether world, a secret image in
the realm of the dead.

Left: Spell 138 Ast-wert adores Anubis, who reclines on a plinth before the emblem of the Thinite nome: a head-shaped container
with plumes and a cobra on a pole. 10039/3

Below: Spell 140 Horemheb kneels in adoration before Anubis, who reclines on a shrine-shaped pedestal with a kherep-sceptre.
Behind, a kneeling god with arms upraised carries an udjat-eye on his head. 10257/16

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Vignette incorrectly termed Spell 143 which illustrates Spells 141 and 142. The two barks of the sun-god, the
upper protected by an udjat-eye, are shown above14 ten deities, most of them members of the Heliopolitan
Ennead. 10479/4 2
131

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-- SPELL 137B--
[illustrated p.129] attendant on His Majesty, for His Majesty is happy in
contemplating the Sacred Eye: 'Behold my bod y to which
Spell for kindling a torch for N protection has been given and all my members have been made
to flou rish.' His Majesty's u tterance goes forth, his Eye rests in
The bright Eye of Horus comes, the glorious Eye of Horus its place u pon His Majesty in this fourth hou r of tpe night, and
comes; welcome, 0 you who shine like Re in the horizon. It the land is happy in the secon\I rponth of wi nter, l ast day. The
drives off the powers of Seth from upon the feet of Him who Majesty of the Sacred Eye is in front of the Ennead, His Majesty
bri ngs it. It is Seth who wou ld take possession of it, but its shines as on the First Occasion and the Sacred Eye is in his
hea t is against him ; the torch comes. When will i t arrive? It head ; Re, Atum , the Sacred Eye, Shu, Geb, Osiris, Seth and
comes now, traversing the sky behind Re on the hand s of you Horus, Mont, Bah, Re the Everlasting, Thoth who travels eternity,
r two sisters, 0 Re. Live, live, 0 Eye of Horus within the Great Nut, Isis, Nephthys, Hathor the vic torious, the two Songstress-
Hall! Live, live, 0 Eye of Horus, for he is the Pillar-of-his-Mother goddesses, Maat, Anu bis of the land, born of etern ity, and the
pnest. Soul of Mendes: when the Sacred Eye has been reckoned up in
the presence of the Lord of this land, and it stands complete and
-- SPELL 138-- con tent, these gods are joyful on this day; their hands support it
[illu strated p.130] and the festival of all the gods is celebrated. They say :
Hail to you and praise to Re! The crew navigate the Sacred Bark
Spell for entering into Abydos and being in the suite of Osiris and Apep is felled.
Hail to you and praise to Re! The shape of Khepri has been
0 you gods who are in Abydos, the whole and complete brought into bein g.
company, come joyfully to meet me and see my father Osiris Hail to you and praise to Re! Rejoice over him, for his enem ies
whom I have recognised and from whom I have come forth. I have been driven off.
am this Horus, Lord of the Black Land and of the Red Land, I Hail to you and praise to Re! The heads of the Chil
have taken possession enti rely of Him who cannot be dren of Impotence have been removed.
conquered, whose Eye is victorious over his enem ies, who Worship to you and praise to N!
protects his father who is saved from the floodwaters and also To be spoken over a Sacred Eye of real lapis-lazuli or carnelian,
his mother; who smites his enemies, who d rives away the decorated with gold; there shall be offered to it everything good
robber thereby, who counters the strength of the Destructive and pure before ic when Re shows himself in the second month,
One; ruler of multitudes, monarch of the Two Lands, who last day ; and there shall be made another Sacred Eye of red ja
smoothly takes possession of his father's house. I have been sper which is to be placed for a man on every mem ber which he
judged and I have been vind icated, I have power over my en wishes . He who u tters chis spell will be in che Bark of Re when it
emies, I get the better of those who would harm me, my is taken out with these gods, and he will be like one of them, he
strength is my protection. I am the son of Osiris, my father is in will be raised u p in the realm of the dead.
h is own place, his bod y is in ... As for him who utters chis spell, also the offerings when the
Sacred ·Eye is complete: four braziers for the Sacred Eye and four
--SPELL 140 -- for Re-Atum ;four braziers for the Sacred Eye and four for these
[illustrated p.130] gods, each one of them ; five good loaves of white bread, five
cones of incense, five thin flat biscu its, one basket of incense,
Book to be recited in the second month of winter, last day, one basket of fruit and one of roast meat.
when completing the Sacred Eye in the second month of
winter, last day SPELL 141
[illustrated p.131J
The Mighty One appears, the horizon shines, Atum appears on
the smell of his censing, the Sunsh ine-god has risen in the sky, Book which a man should recite for his father and son: it is an
the Ma nsion of the Pyramid ion is in joy and all its inmates are utterance for the festivals of the West. It means that he will be
assembled, a voice calls out within the shrine, shouting deemed worthy by Re and by the gods and that he will be with
reverberates arou nd the Nether world, obeisance is done at them. To be spok en on the day of the Festival of the N ew M oon.
the utterance of Atu m Horak hty. His Majesty gives a comm
and to the En nead

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An offering of bread and beer, oxen and fowl, roast meat and The fourth gate. 'He who defends from the noisy' is the name of the
incense on the fire to Osiris, Foremost of the West erners; to Re- keeper of the fou rth gate; 'Wakefu l' is the name of him who
Horakhty ; to Nun; to Maat; to the Bark of Re; to Aru m; to the guards it; 'Grim of visage who repel te aggressor' is the name of h
Great Ennead ; to the Lesser Ennead; to Horus, Lord of the im who makes re port Ill t.
Wereret-crown ; to Shu ; to Tefnut; to Geb; to Nut; to Isis; to Thefifth gate. 'He who lives on snakes' is the name of the keeper of
Nephthys; to the Mansion of Kas, the Mistress of All; to the the fifth gate; 'Fiery' is the name of him who guards it; 'Hippopotam
Storm in the sky which bear5 the god aloft; to the Silent Land us-faced, raging of power' is the name of him who makes report in
and Her who dwells in its place; to Her of Chemm is, the noble it.
divine Lady; to Her who is greatly beloved, the red-haired; to The sixth gate. 'The bread-shaper , the harsh-voiced' is the name of
Her who protects in life, the particoloured; to Her whose name the keeper of the sixth gate; 'He who looks to and fro' is the name
has power in her craft; to the Bull, the male of the herd ; to the of him who guards it; 'Sharp of glance, warden of the Lake' is the
Good Power, the good steering-oa r of the northern sky; to the name of him who makes report in it.
Wanderer who guides the Two Lands, the good steering-oar of The seventh gate. 'He who cuts them down' is the name of the
the western sky; to the Sunshine-god who dwells in the Mansion keeper of the seventh gate; 'Loud-voiced' is the name of him who
of Images, the good steering-oar of the eastern sky ; to Him who guards it; 'He who defends from those who would work harm' is the
dwells in the Mansion of the Red Ones, the good steering-oar of name of h im who makes report in it .
the southern sky; to Imsety; to Hapy; to Duam utef ; to 0 you gates, 0 you who keep the gates because of Osiris, 0 you
Qebehsenuef ; to the Southern Conclave; to the Northern who guard them and who report the af fairs of the Two Lands to
Conclave; to the Night-bark; to the Day bark; to Thoth ; to the Osiris every day: Iknow you and I know your names; Iwas born in
Southern Gods; to the Northern Gods; to the Western Gods; to Rosetjau, and the power of the Lord of the horizon was given to
the Eastern Gods; to the Squatting Gods; to the Gods of the me. I was ennobled in Pe like the priest of Osiris; I receive food in
Offerings; to the Per-wer; to the Per-neser; to the Gods of the Rosetjau and lead the gods in the horizon in the entour age about
Mou nds; to the Gods of the Horizon ; to the Gods of the Fields; Osiris; I am one of them as one who leads them. I am a spirit, a
to the Gods of the Houses; to the Gods of the Thrones; to the master of spirits, a spirit who acts. I am one who celebrates the
Southern Roads; to the Northern Roads; to the East ern Roads; monthly festival and an nou nces the half-monthly festival, I go
to the Western Roads; to the Gates of the Netherworld; to the round about bea ring the fiery Eye of Horus wh ich the hand of
Portals of the Netherworld ; to the Secret Doors; to the Secret Thoth bears on the night when he crosses the sky in vindi cation.
Gates; to the Keepers of the Doors of the Netherworld ; to I pass by in peace, I sail in the Bark of Re, and my protection is the
Those with hidden faces who guard the roads; to the Guardians protection of the Bark of Re. Mine is a name greater than yours, m
of those who utter cries; to the Guardians of the Deserts who ightier than yours upon the road of righteousness; Idetest any
display kindly faces; to Those of the heat who give fire; to Those deduction, for my protection is the protection of Horus, the first-
of the braziers; to Those who open up and quench the born of Re, whom his will created. Iwill not be arrested, Iwill not
·flame of fire in the West. be driven off from the gates of Osiris, Iam he who equips the Dou
ble Lion, one who is pu rified daily in the suite of Osiris, Foremost
--SPELL 144 -- of the Westerners. My lands are in the Field of Offerings among
[illustrated pp.134-5] the wise ones, among those who serve me in the presence of Thoth
and among those who make offerings. Anu bis has commanded
The first gate. 'He whose face is inverted, the man y shaped' those who are among the offerings that my offerings shall be in
is the name of the keeper of the first gate; 'Eavesd ropper' my possession, and they shall not be taken from me by those who
is the name of him who guards it; 'The loud-voiced' is the name are among the plunderers.
of him who makes report in it. The second gate . 'He whose I have come like Horus into the holy place of the horizon of the sky;
hinder-parts are extended' I annou nce Re at the gates of the horizon, the gods are joyful at
is the name of the keeper of the second gate; 'Shifting of face' is meeting me, and the cost ly stones of the gods are on me. The
the name of him who guards it; 'Burner' is the name of him who Destructive One shall not attack me, and those who keep their
makes report in it. gates shall not be ignorant of me. I am one whose face is hidden
The third gate. 'He who eats the corruption of his hinder-parts' within the Great Mansion, the Upper Place, the shrine of
is the name of the keeper of the th ird gate; 'Vigilant' is the
name of him who guards it; 'He who curses' is the name of him
who makes repon in it.
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the god, and I have reached there after the purification of Hathor. Iam one who creates a mu ltitude, who raises up Truth to Re and
who destroys the might of Apep; Iam one who opens up the firmament, who drives off the storm, who makes the crew of Re alive,
and who raises up offerings to the place where they are. Ihave caused the Sacred Bark to make its fair voyages; a way is pre pared for
me that Imay pass on i t. My face is that of a Great One, my hinder-parts are the Double Crown, I am a possessor of power, Iam
content in the horizon, and I am joyfu l at felling you. 0 you who are awake, prepare a path for you r lord Osiris.
To be recited over these directions which are in writing, and which are to be inscribed in ochre with the two companies of the Bark of
Re. Offer to them foodstuffs, poultry and incense in their presence. It means that a spirit will be made to live and be given power over
these gods; it means that he will not be driven off or turned away at the portals of the Netherworld . You shall mak e recitation over
an image of this spirit in their pres ence, and he will be permitted to arrive at every gate according to what is written. M ake
recitation at every gate in accordance with what is written, and make offer ing to each of them with afore leg, head, heart and side of
a ·red bull and four bowls of blood, not leaving out a heart of costly stone; sixteen white loaves, eight persen cak es, eighteen shens-
cak es, eight khenef-loaves, eight hebnenet-loaves, eight measures of beer, eight bowls of grain, four clay basins filled with milk of a
white cow, green herbs, fresh moringa-oil, green and black eye paint, first quality unguent and incense on the fire. To be recited and
erased , item by item, after reciting these di rections, four hours of the day having passed, and taking great care as to the position (of
the sun) in the sky. You shall recite this book without letting anyone see it; it means that the movements of a spirit will be extended in
the sky, on earth and in the realm of the dead, because it will be more beneficial to a spirit than anything which is done for him, and
what is needed will be at hand this day. A matter a million times true.

--SPELL 146 --
[illustrated pp. 138-9)

Here begin the spells for entering by the mysterious portals of the House of Osiris in the Field of Rushes

What is to be said by N when arriving at the first portal of Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know
Left above and left :Spell 144 The Seven Gates of the Underworld, each addressed individually and accompanied by its keeper, guard
and announcer, shown as sqt1attmg figures with knives on their knees. L0470/l l and 12

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your name, and I know the name of the god who guards you. none pass by for fear of her pain' is you r name. 'He who protects
'Mistress of trem bling; Lof ty of battlements; Chief taincss; himself' is the name of her door-keeper.
Mistress of destruction; One who foretells matters, who repels What is to be said by N when arriving at the ninth portal of Osiris.
storms and who rescues the robbed among those who come Make a way for me, for I know you, I know your name, and I know
from afar' is you r name. 'Terrible' is the name of her Door- the name of the god who guards you. 'She who is at the forefront;
keeper. Mistress of power; Contented of heart, who bore h er lord. Its cir
What is to be said by N when arriving at the second portal of cuit is 350 rods, strewn with green-stone of Upper Egypt. She who
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, raises the secret image on high, who veils the Lim p One, who
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Mistress of pleases her lord daily' is your name. 'Himself' is the name of her
the sky ; Lady of the Two Lands; She who licks (her calves); door-keeper.
Mistress of the world who numbers all men' is you r name. 'He What is to be said by N when arriving at the tenth portal of Osiris.
who fashions the end ' is the name of her door-keeper. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know your name, and I know
What is to be said by N when arriving at the third portal of the name of the god who guards you. 'Loud-voiced whose cries
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, arouse, who calls at the top of her voice, terrible and majestic, but
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Mistress of who does not drive out whoever is in her' is you r name. 'The Great
altars, great of oblations, who pleases every god therew ith on User of reed rafts' is the name of h er door-keeper. What is to be
the day of faring up stream to Abydos' is your name. 'He who said by N when arriving at the eleventh portal of Osiris. Make a way
makes bright ness' is the name of her door-keeper. for me, for I know you, I know you r name, and I know who is within
What is to be said by N when arriving at the fourth portal of you. 'She who always bears kn ives, who burn s u p the rebellious;
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, Mistress of every portal, to whom acclamation is made on the day
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Mighty of of darkness' is your name. She is under the
knives; Lady of the Two Lands, who destroys the enemies of the supervision of Him who veils the Limp One.
Inert One, who does wha t is wise and who is devoid of wrong' is What is to be said by N when arriving at the twelfth portal of Osiris.
your name. 'Long-horned Bull' is the name of her door-keeper. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, and I know
What is to be said by N when arriving at the fifth portal of Osiris. who is within you. 'She who summons her Two Lands, who destroys
Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, and I those who come at dawn ; Bright One; Mistress of spirits, who
know the name of the god who guards you. 'Fiery One, Mistress hears the voice of her lord' is you r name. She is under the
of heat; Joyful One who asks that something be given to her supervision of Him who veils the Limp One.
withou t the swift of glance entering into her' is you r name. 'He What is to be said by N when arriving at the thir teenth portal of
who cuts up an opponent' is the name of her door-keeper. Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, and I
What is to be said by N when arriving at the sixth portal of know who is within you. 'She on whom Osiris has extended his
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know your name, hands, who illu mines Hapi i n his abode' is you r nam e. She is u
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Mistress of nder the superv ision of Him who veils the Limp One.
Darkness, loud of shouts; its height cannot be known from its What is to be .said by N when arriving at the four teenth portal of
bread th, and its extent in space cannot be discovered . Snakes Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, and I
are on it, of which the num ber is not known; it was fashioned know who is within you. 'Mistress of wrath, who dances in blood,
before the Inert One' is you r name. "He who was joi ned for whom the haker-festival is celebrated on the day of Her who
together' is the name of her door-keeper. hears sins' is you r name. She is under the supervision of Him who
What is to be said by N when arriving at the seventh portal of veils the Limp One.
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name The fifteenth portal. 'She who has a soul, red of plaited hai r, dim-
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Shroud which eyed when going out by night, who grasps the rebel by h is belly,
veils the Limp One; Mour ner who wishes to hide the body' is who gives her hand to the Inert One at his critical moment, who
your name. 'Ikenty' is the name of her door-keeper. makes her comings and go ings.' She is under the supervision of
What is to be said by N when arriving at the eighth portal of Him who veils the Limp One.
Osiris. Make a way for me, for I know you, I know you r name, The sixteenth portal. What is to be said by N when arriving at this
and I know the name of the god who guards you. 'Hot of flames, portal. 'The Terrible One, Lady of Pesti lence, who casts away
destructi ve of heat, sharp of blaze, swift of hand, who kills thousand s of human souls, who
without warning, whom

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hacks up hum an dead, who decapitates him who would go out,
who creates terror.' She is under the supervision of Him who THE NAMES OF THE FOUR STEARING-OARS OF TH E SKY:
veils the Limp One.
The seventeenth portal. 'Sh e who dances in blood ... Mistress of 0 Good Power, the good steering-oar of the northern sky;
Fire.' She is under the supervision of Him who veils the Lim p 0 Wanderer who guides the Two Lands, good steering oar of the
One. western sky;
What is to be said by N when arriving at the eight een h portal. 0 Shining One who dwells in the Mansion of Images, good steering-
'Lover of heat, clean of brand-mark, who loves to cut off heads; oar of the eastern sky;
the venerated Mistress of the Cas tle, who quells rebels in the 0 Pre-eminent who dwells in the Mansion of the Red Ones, good
evening.' She is under the supervision of Him who veils the Limp steering-oar of the southern sky ;
One. May you grant bread and beer, offerings and pro visions which are
What is to be said by N when arriving at the nine teenth portal. beneficial to my spirit, may you grant me life, prosperity, health,
'She who announces the dawn in her time, flaming hot, Mist joy and long duration on earth ; may you grant to me sky and earth
ress of the powers of the writings of Thoth himself.' She is under and what is beneficial in Heliopolis and the Netherworld, for I know
the supervision of the veiled ones of the treasury. them all; may you do the like for me.
What is to be said by N when arriving at the twentieth portal. 0 fathers of the gods and mothers of the gods who are over sky and
'She who is within the cavern of her lord; She whose name is earth and who are in the realm of the dead, save me from all kinds
hidden; Mysterious of shape, who takes hearts for food.' She is of harm and inju ry, from the trap with painful knives and from all
under the supervision of the veiled ones of the treasury. things bad and harmful which may be said or done against me by
What is to be said by N when arriving at the twenty first portal. men, gods, spirits or the dead, by day, by n ight, in the monthly
'Sharp of knif e against the talker, who acts the slayer, who festival, in the half-monthl y festival, in the year or in what
descends in her own flame.' She is under secret governance. appertains to it.
-SPELL 148 -- To be spoken by a man, when Re manifests himself, over these gods
[illustrated pp.142,143] depicted in paint on a writing-board. There shall be given to them
offerings and provisions before them, consisting of bread, beer,
Spell for making provision for a spirit in the realm of the dead meat, poultry and incense. The invocation-offering for this spirit
shall be made to them in the pr esence of Re; it means that this soul
Hail to you, You who shine in you r d isc, a living soul who goes will have provision in the realm of the dead ; it means that a man
up from the horizon! I know you and I know your name; I know will be saved from anything evil. Do nothing on behalf of anyone
the nam es of the seven cows and their bull who give bread and except your own self, for it is the Book of Wennefer. As for himfor
beer, who are beneficial to souls and who provide daily whom this is done, Re will be his helmsman and his protection, and
portions; may you give bread and beer and make provision for none of his enemies will know him in the realm of the dead, in the
me, so that I may serve you, and may I come into being under sky, on earth, or in any place where he may walk; it means that this
your hinder-parts. spirit will be provisioned in very deed. A true matter.
--SPELL 149--
[illustrated pp.140-1]
TH E NAMES OF THE CATTLE ARE:
The first mound; green. N says: As for this Mou nd of the West in
Mansion of Kas, Mist ress of All. Silent One who dwells in her which men live on shens-loaves and jugs of beer, doff your head-
place cloths at meeting me as at the like ness of the greatest among you.
She of Chemmis whom the god ennobled. The Much Beloved, May he knit my bones together, may he make my mem bers firm.
red of hair. May the Sistrum-player, Lord of Hearts, be brought to me that he
She who protects in life, the particolou red . She whose name may shape my bones and establish the Wereret-crown of Atum.
has power in her craft. Make my head firm for me, 0 Bestower of Powers; complete and
Storm in the sky which waf ts the god aloft. The Bull, husband of make firm my spine, that you may rule among the gods, 0 Min the
the cows. Builder.
May you grant bread and beer, offerings and pro visions which
shall provide for my spirit, for I am a worthy spirit who is in the
realm of the dead.

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138 0
The second mou nd; green. The god who is in it is Re Horakhty. N says: I am one rich in possessions in the Field of Rushes. As for this
Field of Rushes, its walls are of iron, the height of its barley is five cubits, its ear is two cubits and its stalk is three cubits. Its emmer
is seven cubits, its ear is three cubits and its stalk is four cubits. They are spirits, each nine cubits taU, who reap it in the presence of
Re-Horakhty. I know the gate in the middle of the Field of Rushes from which Re goes out into the east of the sky, of which the south
is the Lake of Water fowl and the north is the Waters of Geese, the place where Re navigates by wind or by rowing. I am the whip-
master in the God's Ship, I row and never tire in the Bark of Re. I know those two trees of tu rquoise between which Re goes forth,
and which have grown up at the Supports of Shu at that door of the Lord of the East from which Re goes forth. I know that Field
of Rushes which belongs to Re; the height of i ts barley is five cubits, its ear is two cubits and its stalk is three cu bits. Its emmer is
seven cubits, its ear is th ree cubits and its stalk is four cubits. They are spirits nine cubits tall who reap it in the presence of the
Soul s of the East.
The third mou nd ; green. The Mound of Spirits. N says: As for the Mound of Spirits over which none travel, it contains spirits, and its
flame is efficient for burning. As for the Mound of Spirits whose faces are downcast, cleanse you r mounds, being what it was
commanded that you should do for me by Osiris, Lord of Eternity, for I am a Great One. The Red Crown which is between the horns
of the Sunshine-god makes the whole world to live with the flame of its mouth, and Re is saved from Apep.
The fourth mou nd ; green. The very high twin moun tains. N says: As for the Chief of the mysterious mou nd, as for the very high
mountain which is in the realm of the dead, on which the sky rests, i t is 300 rods long by 150 rods wide; a snake is on it called
'Caster of knives', and it is 70 cubits when it glides; ir lives by decapitating the spirits of the dead in the realm of the dead. I rise up
against you (the snake), so that navigation may be car ried out aright; I have seen the way to you, and I will gather myself together
against you, for I am the Male. Cover your head, for I am hale, hale, I am one mighty of magic and my eyes have caused me to
bene:fit there from. Who is th is spirit who goes on his belly and whose tail is on his mountain ? See, I have gone against you, and
your tail is in my hand . I am one who displays strength ; I have come that I may care for the earth snakes of Re, so that he will be
pleased wi th me in the eveng. I circumam bulate the sky, while you are in
Left above and left: Spell 146 Nine of the Twenty-one Portals of the House of Osiris, each addressed individ1lally and shown as an
elaborate entrance containing the squatting figure of its door-keeper.
10470111 and 12

139

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 the dead, the god who is in it is called 'Feller of the adju fish'. Hail
to you, you cavern! I have come to see the gods who are in you.
Clear your vision, doff your head cloths when meeting me as at the
likeness of the greatest among you. I have come to prepare your
flat cakes, and the Feller of the adju-fish shall not have power over
me, the slayers shall not pursue me, the adversaries shall not
pursue me, and I shall live on the offerings which are with you.

Spell 149 The three details show thefourteen mounds of the Field of
Rushes represented pictorially and named. Eleven of them
bonds; that is wha t was commanded for you upon earth. The are termed 'green', the remainder 'yellow'. The sixth (below)
fifth mound; green. N says: As for this Mound of Spirits by which contains an eel-like fish, the ninth a crocodile nuzzling a jar-shaped
men do not pass, the spirits who are in it are seven cubits from area, the tenth a cobra over a man brandishing knives and the
their buttocks, and they live on the shades of the inert ones. As eleventh a jackal-headed demon with knives inside a stepped area.
for the Mound of Spirits, open your roads for me until I pass by 10477/28, 29 and 30
you when I travel to the beautiful West; that is what was
commanded by Osiris, a spirit and master of spirits, so that I
might live by my magic power. I am one who celebrates exactly
every monthly festival and half-monthly festival; the Eye of
Horus which my hand holds goes round about for me in the
suite of Thoth. As for any god or any dead who shall lick his lips
over me this day, he shall fall into
the depths.
The sixth mound; green. N says: As for this cavern sacred to the
gods, secret from spirits and inaccessible to

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3
141

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Above: Spell 148: The Seven Celestial Cows, who, together with the Bull of Heaven (not illustrated ), provide sustenance for the
deceased, stand behind heaped offering-tables. Behind them are the Four Rudders of Heaven, which represent thefour cardinal
points, and four mummiform figures. 10471/9

Right: Spell 148 The Seven Celestial Cows recline on shrine-shaped plinths with the standing Bull of Heaven. Behind them are the
Four Rudders of Heaven which represent thefour cardinal points, each protected by an udjat-eye, and the Four Sons of Horus.
10479/3

142 15
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143

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The seventh mound ; green. The Mountain of the Rerek snake. for me. I have come to you, you gods; save me and give me my
N says: As for this town of Ises, which is far out of sight, its powers for ever.
breath is fire, and a snake in it is called 'Rerek'. It is seven cubits The eleventh mound ; green. N say s: As for that town which is in
long over its back, and it lives on spirits, being provid ed with the realm of the dead, the body of which is secret, which has power
their power. Get back, Rerek in Ises, bitin g with your mouth and over spirits from which none come out or go in tbrough fear of
staring with your eyes ! May your bones be broken, may your revealing what is in it: The go. ds with him (its god) see it as a
poison be powerless, for you shall not come against me, your marvel, the dead with him see it in dread of him, except for those
poison shall not enter into me. Fall ! Lie down! May your hot gods who are with him in his mystery as regards the spirits.
rage be in the ground, may your lips remain in the hole! The bull 0!du-town, let me pass, for I am great of magic, with the knife
falls to the snake and the snake falls to the bull, bur I am which issued from Seth, and my legs are mine for ever. I have
protected, for your head is cut off by Mafdet. appeared in glory and am strong by means of that Eye of Horus
The eighth mound; green. The height Hahotep. N which lifted up my heart after I was limp. One powerful in the sky
says: As for Hahotep, great and mighty, with waves over the and mighty on earth, I have flown up as a falcon, I have cackled as a
water in which none have power, because so great is the terror goose, it has been granted to me to alight on the plateau of the
of the height of its roar, the god in it is called 'High One of lake, so that I stand on it and sit on it. I have ap peared as a god, I
Hahotep'; it is he who guards it in order that none may come have eaten of the provisions of Him of the Field of Offerings, I have
near it. I am this heron which is over the plateau which is not gone down to the Bank of Reeds, I have opened the doors of Maat,
quiet, I bring the produce of the land to Atum at the time of I have thrown open the doors of the firmament, I have set up a
enriching the crews of the gods. The terror M me has been put ladder to the sky among the gods, for I am one of them. I have
into those who are in charge of shrines, and the awe of me has spoken as a goose until the gods have heard my voice, and I have
been impressed on the owners of offerings. I will not be taken to made repetition for Sothis.
the house of the Destroyer, which they desire for me, for I am The twelf th mound ; green. Isdjedet in the West. N says: As for that
the guide of the northern horizon. Mound of Wenet which is in front of Rosetjau, its breath is fire, and
The ninth mound; yellow. Ikesy-town and the Eye which captu the gods cannot get near it, the spirits cannot associate with it;
res. N says: As for Ikesy, which is hidden from the gods, of there are four co bras on it whose names are 'Destruction'. 0
which the spirits are afraid to learn the name, from which none Mound of Wenet, I am the greatest of the spirits who are in you, I
go in or out except that august god who is in his Egg, who puts am among the Imperishable Stars who are in you, and I will not
the fear of him into the gods and the dread of him into the perish, nor will my name perish. 'O savour of a god!' say the gods
spirits: it opens with fi re, and i ts breath is destruction to noses who are in the Mound of Wenet. Ifyou love me more than your
and mouths. He has made it against those who follow after him gods, I will be with you for ever. The thirteenth mound ; green. He
in order that they may not breathe the air except that aug ust who opens his mouth, a basin of water. N says: As for that Mound
god who is in his Egg. He has done it against those who are in it of Spirits over which no-one has power, its water is fire, its waves
in order that none may come near it except on the day of the are fire, its breath is efficient for burning, in order that no-one may
great celebration. Hail to you, you august god who are in your drink its water to quench their thirst, that being what is in them,
Egg! I have come to you to be in your suite so that I may go in because their fear is so great and so towering is its majesty. Gods
and out of Ikesy, that its doors may be opened to me, that I may and spirits see its water from afar, but they cannot quench their
breathe the air in it, and that I may have power through its thirst and their desires are unsatisfied . In order that no-one may
offerings. approach them, the river is filled with papyrus like the fluid in the
The tenth mound, which is on the plateau; yellow. N says: As for efflux which issued from Osiris. May I have power over the water in
this town of Qahu which has takeo pos session of the spirits and the flood like that god who is in the Mound of Water. It is he who
which has power over the shades who eat what is fresh and gulp guards it from fear of the gods who would drink its water when it is
down corruption on ac count of what their eyes see, and who do removed from the spirits. Hail to you, you god in the Mound of
not watch over the land , who are in their mounds: Put Water! I have come to you that you may give me power over water
yourselves on your bellies u ntil I have passed by you ; no-one and that I may drink of the flood, just as you did for that Great God
shall take my spirit, no-one shall have power over my shade, for for whom the Nile came, for whom herbage came into being, for
I am a divine falcon and incense shall be burnt for me, offerings whom green-stuff grew up when the same was given to the gods at
shall be presented to me, with Isis before me and Neph thys his
behind me; the road of the nau-sna ke, the bull of the sky, the
bestower of powers , shall be cleared

144 15
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 --SPELL 151--
coming forth content. May you cause the Nile to come to me, [i llustrated pp.146-7,148)
may I have power over green-stuff, for I am you r son for ever.
The fourteenth mound ; yellow. The Mou nd of Kheraha. N says: Spell for the head of mystery
As for that Mou nd of Kheraha wh ich diverts the Nile to Busiris,
which causes the Nile to come laden with barley, which gu ides Hail to you whose face is kindl y, Lord of vision , one who is knit
it to the mou th of the eater, which gives god's-offerings to the together for Ptah-Sokar and who is set on high for An ubis, to
gods and invocation -offerings to the spirits: The snake wh ich whom Shu has given the Supports, kindly face who is among the
belongs to it is in the caverns of Elephantine at the source of the
gods! You r right Eye is the Night-bark, you r left Eye is the Day-
Nile; it comes with the water and i t halts at that_ plateau of bark, you r eye brows are the Ennead, you r vertex is An ubis, the
Kheraha at its assembly which is above the flood in order that it back of you r head is Horus, you r fingers are Thoth, you r braided
may see in its hou r in the silence of the night. 0 you gods of tress is Ptah-Sokar, and you are before N, who is happy with the
Kheraha, assembly which is above the flood, open you r water- Great God, whom he sees in you ; lead him on fair roads that he
basins for me, throw open you r waterways for me, that I may h may obstruct the confederacy of Seth for you, and make his
ave power over water, that I may be satisfied with the flood, enemies fall beneath him before the Great Ennead in the great
that I may eat grain, and that I may be satisfied with your pro Mansion of the Prince which is in Heliopolis. May you take a fair
visions. Raise me up, that my heart may be happy, for you are road into the presence of Horu s, Lord of Patricians, 0 N .
the god who is in Kheraha . You r offerings shall be prepared for Word s spoken by Isis: I have come as your protection, 0 Osiris, with
me, I shall be provided with the efflux wh ich issued from Osiris,the north wind which issued from Atum. I have let your throat
and I will never let go of it. breathe, I have caused you to be a god, and I have placed you r
enemies under you r sandals.
Words spoken by Nephthys: I have gone rou nd about my brother
--SPELL 150-- Osiris N; I have come as you r protection, and my protection will be
[illustrated p.146) about you for ever. You r call has been heard by Re, and vindication
has been carried out for you, 0 son of Hathor, and your head will
A SUMMARY LIST OF 'Mou NDS' WH ICH DOES NOT ENTI RELY never be taken away. In peace! A rouse you rself !
AG REE WITH SPELL 149 FORM U LA AT TH E PR ESENTAT ION OF A LIGHTED
TORCH : 0 you who come to lasso, I will not let you lasso; 0 you who
The Field of Rushes. The god who is in 1t 1s Re Horakhty . come to do harm , I will not let you do harm. will harm you, I will
The Horns of Fire. The god who is in it is Lif ter of Braziers. lasso you , for I am N's protection .
The Very High Mou ntain . THE PR ESENTATION OF A DJED-PI LLAR AMU LET: 0
The Mou nd of Spirits. you who come seeking, reverse you r steps; 0 you whose face is
The Cavern. The god who is in it is Feller of Fish. Iseset. covered, I have illumined you r covered place. I am he who stands
Hasret. The god who is in it is He who is on h igh. behind the djed-pillar on the day when I should stand behind the
The Horns of Qahu. djed-pillar, and I drive off the slayers, for I am N's protection.
Idu. The god who is in it is Sothis. ANOTHER PRESENTATION OF A TORCH : I am he who
The Mou nd of Wenet . The god who is in it is Destroyer of Souls. drags the sand to stop up the hidden place, I drive off him who wou
The Horns of Water. The god who is in it is Greatest of the ld oppose himself to the torch of the necropolis. I have fi red the
Mighty Ones. necropolis, I have confused the path, for I am N's protection.
The Mou nd of Kheraha. The god who is in it is the Nile . Words spoken by Anu bis who presides over the god's
The River of Flaming Fire. booth, who is upon his mou ntain, Lord of the Sacred Land: I have
Ikesy. The god who is in it is He who sees and takes. The come that I may spread my protection over N .
Beautiful West of the gods who live in it on shens- Words spoken by the living soul of N: I give praise in
cakes and beer. the sky to Re when he goes to rest in the western hor izon of the
sky.
Words spoken by the living soul and worthy spirit of
N to Osiris. W1-1AT WAS TO HAVE BHN SA I D 11A <; BH N
OMITIED.

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I.

Above: Spell 150 A completely pictorial representation of thefifteen mounds of the Field of Rushes, named and attended byfour
snakes which perhaps represent thefour cardinal points. ]000911

Right: Spell 151 A plan of the burial chamber represented as an elaborate booth, at the centre of which Anubis tends the mummy of
15
Nakht, which lies on a lion-form bed, accompanied by I sisand Nephthys
9 knee/mg and holding signs of eternity. At each of the corners
squats one of the Four Sons of Horus. A round the mummy, gzvmg protection, are a d1ed-pillar, Anubis as a reclining 1ackal on
a shrme and a squatting Thoth. 10471120
146

16
0
 16
147 1
Spell 151 Theburial chamber represented schematically with the Four Sons of Horus and between thema djed-pillar, a lighted torch,
mummy of M uthetepti at the centre lying ina boothattended by a reclining jackal and a mummif ormfigurine, allgiving protection.
Anubis, with her human-headed soul nearby, while Isis and Also depicted are two shabti-figures, one withjackal's head, and
Nephthys kneel with shen-signs, symbolic of eternity. At each M uthetepti's human-headed soul, shown twice, in adoration. I
corner isone of the 0010/5

THE PRESENTATION OF A SHABTl. N says: 0 shabti, if I am and your mem bers, I have smitten you r enemies beneath you, and
summoned or counted of in the realm of the dead for any work, I have given you your head for ever.
indeed obstacles are implanted there as a ma n at his duties, Words spoken by Duam utef : I am your beloved son Horus, 0 N. I
whether to make arable the fields, to flood the banks or to have come that I may protect my father Osiris from him who would
convey sand from West to East; 'Here am I,' you shall say. harm you, and I lead him under your feet.
Words spoken by Imsety: I am you r son, 0 N. I have come that I Words spok en by Qebehsenuef : I am Qebehsenuef, and I have
may be your protection, and that I may make your house to come that I may be you r protection, 0 N. I join your bones
flourish and endure, in accordance together for you, I collect your mem bers for you, I bring your heart
with the command of Ptah and in accordance with the to you, I set it in its place
command of Re. in you r body for you, and I have caused you r house to flourish
Words spoken by Hapy: I have come that I may be you r after you.
protection, 0 N: I have knit together your head

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148
 — SpELL 152 ——
[illustrated p.150]
Spell for building a mansion on earth

Geb is joyful when I hasten over him on his body, and

Spell 153A Before a tree is pegged an open clap net of the type used men, the children of their fathers, give me praise when
to trap birds. One of the pegs is human-headed. The text is of Spell they see that Seshat brings the Destructive One.
182 and does not relate to the vignette. 10554/57 Anubis has summoned me to build a mansion which
is on earth, its foundation-plan is in Heliopolis, its
circuit is in Kheraha, he who is pre-eminent in
Letopolis is the scribe responsible for making new
what belongs to it; men bring to it bowls of water, and
the gangs (work at it). Thus said Osiris to the gods who
are in his suite: 'Let us go and see the building of this
mansion of this equip ped spirit who today has come
newly among you. Grant that he may be respected and
give him the praise due to him who is favoured there,
and you will see what I have done and spoken.'
Thus said Osiris to this god: 'Today he has come
newly among you; it is Osiris who brings him herds, it
is the south wind which brings him barley, it is the
north wind which brings him emmer which the earth
has ripened.'
The utterance of Osiris has announced me, he who
was destroyed has turned himself over from upon his
left side and has set himself upon his right side. Men,
gods, spirits and the dead have seen, they spend their
time in praise, and I am favoured thereby.

--SPELL
153A--
[also illustrated p.151]

Spell for escaping from the net

0 you who look backward, you with power in your

heart, you fisherman who net at the river-bank and open
up the earth : 0 you fishermen, children of your
fathers, you takers of your catch, who go round
about in the abode of the waters, you shall not catch
me in this net of yours in which you catch the inert
ones, you shall not trap me in this trap in which you
trap the wanderers, the floats of which are in the sky
and its weights on earth. I have escaped from its snare,
and I have rejoiced as Henu; I have escaped from its
clutch, and I have appeared as Sobk, I have used my
arms for flying from you, even you who fish and net
with hidden fingers.
I know the reel in it; it is the middle finger of Sokar.
I know the guard-beam in it; it is the shank of
Shesmu.
I know the valve in it; it is the hand of Isis.
I know the cutter in it; it is the knife of Isis with
which the navel-string of Horus was cut.

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149
 Right: Spell 153A Nakht walks away
unscathed from an open clap net. 1047 1/15

Left :Spell 152 Hor and his wife seated

separately behind offering-tabl es are mourned by
standing female figure s and given water by
kneeling female fi g ures. 10479/2

16
150
4
 I know the name of the floats in it and of its weight; I know the name of the table on which he lays it; it is
they are the knee-cap and the knee of the Dou ble Lion . the table of Horus who sits alone in darkness and cannot be
I know the name of its cords with which it catches seen, of whom those who have not given him praise are
fish; they are the sinews of Atum. afraid.
I know the names of the fishermen who use it; they I have come and have appeared as a great one, I have
are the Earth-gods, the forefathers of the Swallowers. governed· the land, I have gone down to the earth in the
I know the names of its arms; they are the arms of wo Great Barks, and the Great One has made presen
the Great God who gives judgement in Heliopolis on the tation to me in the midst of the Mansion of the Prince. I
night of the half-monthly festival in the Mansion of the have come as a fisherman, with my net and my reel in
Moon ... my hand, my knife in my hand, and my cutter in my
I know the name of the plateau on which it is pulled hand; I go to and fro and I catch with my net.
tight; it is the plateau of the firmament on which the I know the name of the reel which closes the mouth of
gods stand. the opening; it is the middle finger of Osiris.
I know the name of the agent who receives its fish; it is I know the name of the fingers which hold it; they are
'Marker of jars, the agent of the god'. the fingers which are on the hand of Re and the nails

151
which are on the hand of Hathor. Do you know that I know the name of its valve? It is
I know the name of the cords which are on this reel ; the fingernai l of Ptah.
they are the sinews of the Lord of the Common Folk. Do you know that I know the name of its knife? It is
I know the name of its valve; it is the hand of Isis. the decapitating sword of Isis.
I know the name of its draw-rope; it is the d raw-rope Do you know that I know the name of its weights? It
of the Eldest God. is the iron in the m idst of the sky.
Iknow the name of its netting; it is ... of the day. Do.YQ U k now that I know the name of the floats?
Iknow the names of the fishermen who u se i t; they They are the f eathers of the Falcon.
are the Earth-gods who are in the presence of Re. Do you know that I k now the name of its fishermen ?
Iknow the name of ...; they are everyone who is in They are baboons.
the presence of Geb. Do you know that I know the name of the plateau on
Wha t you have brought and eaten, I have brought and which it is pulled tight? It is the Mansion of the Moon.
eaten ; you have swallowed what Geb and Osiris swal Do you know that I know the name of hi m who uses
lowed . 0 you who look behi nd you, 0 you who it for himself? He is the grea t pri nce who d wells in the
have power in you r heart, fish and catch for h im who eastern side of the sky.
opens the earth, 0 you fishers, child ren of you r The Great One shall not eat me, the Great One shall
fathers, who entrap within Nefersenet, you shall not not swallow me, I shall not sit on my haunches by the
catch me in you r water, for I have eaten and Ihave swallowed in his
net, you shall not entrap me in you r net in which you presence, and the food of the dead is i n my belly.
catch the inert ones and entrap those who are throu gh I am a guinea-fowl, I am Re who emerged from the
out the earth, for I know it, I know it from its u pper Abyss, my sou l is a god. Iam he who created Au
floats to its lower weights. Here am I, Ihave come with thority, and falsehood is my detestation. Iam Osiris who
my reel in my hand, my peg in my ha nd, my valve in my created righteousness so that Re might live by it daily.
hand and my kn ife in my hand; Ihave come and Iam prayed to as a bull, I am invoked in the Ennead in
Ihave entered ; Ism ite and I catch. Do you know that this my name of the guinea-fowl god . Icame into
I know the name of the catcher of fledglings? I brea k being of myself in company with the Abyss in this my
his bow. I smite him and I pu t him in his place. As name of Khepri ; I come into being in it daily, for I am
for the peg w hich is in m y hand, it is the shank of the Lord of Light; I appear as Re, Lord of the East,
Shesmu ; as for the reel which is in my hand, it is the and life is given to me at his risings in the East. Ihave
finger of Sokar; as for the valve which is in my hand, it come to the sky and Ihave sough t ou t my th rone which
is the hand of Isis; as for the knife which is in my hand is i n th e East. They are the youths and elders who are in
, it is the decapitating sword of Shesmu . the fields who apportion the time when Iam born i n
Here am I; I have come. Here am I; I sit in the bark of peace .Ihave eaten as Shu, I have swallowed as Shu,
Re, I ferry across the Lake of the Two Knives in the Ihave defecated as Shu; the Kings of Upper and Lower
northern sky, I hea r the words of the gods, I do as they Egypt are in me, Khans is in me, the heads of the n etters
do, I rejoice as they rejoice over my ka, Ilive on what of fish are in me, while the warmth of the earth shall
they live on. I ascend on your ladder which my father Re embrace you, you mu ltitudes .
made for me, and Horus and Seth grip m y hands .

--SPELL 154 -
--SPELL 153B -- [illustrated p.154]

Spell for not letting the corpse perish

Spell for escaping from the catcher of fish
Hail to you, m y father Osiris! I have come to you to the
0 you net-users, trappers and fishermen, 0 you intent that you may heal my flesh ; I am complete like
chil dren of you r fathers, do you know that I know the my father Khepri, who is the like of one who does not
name of that great and migh ty net? 'The All-em braci perish. Come, that m y breath may be stronger than
ng' is its name. you rs, 0 Lord of Breath ; where are the l ikes of him
Do you know that I know the name of its cords? ? May I end u re longer tha n you, for I am fash ioned as
They are the sinews of Isis. the possessor of a bu rial; may you perm it me to go
Do you know that I know the name of the peg? It is down into the earth for ever l ike that one who serves
the shank of Atu m. you and you r father Atum, and h is corpse will not
Do you know that I know the name of its reel ? It is perish ; such is he who will not be destroyed. I have not
the finger of Shesmu. done what you d isli ke; may you r ka love me and not
th rust me aside;

16
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152
 ....

Spell 153n An empty fishing net in a pool is trawled by three

male deities standing on the bank. The text is a long address to
Osiris, complet ely unrelated to the vignette. 10554/58

take me after you. May I not become corrupt, being like shall not give me over to his fingers, he shall not have
that one who served you better than any god or any power over me, for I am at your command, 0 Lord of
goddess, than any herds or any snakes who shall perish. the Gods.
May my soul ascend alof t after death; may it descend Hail to you, my father Osiris! You shall possess you r
only after it has perished. Such is he who is decayed ; body; you shall not become corru pt, you shall not have
all his bones are corrupt, his flesh is slain, his bones worms, you shall not be distended, you shall not stink,
are softened, his flesh is made into foul water, his you shall not become putrid, you shall not become
corruption stinks and he turns into many worms ... worms. I am Khepri; I will possess my body for ever, for I
when he is sent to the Eye of Shu, whether as god, will not become corrupt, I will not decay, I will not be
goddess, fowl, fish, snakes, worms and herds putrid, I will not become worms, I will not be faint be
altogether, because they pros trated themselves to me cause of the Eye of Shu, I exist, I am alive, I am strong, I
when they recognised me; it is the fear of me which have awaked in peace, I have not decayed, there is no
frightens them. Now every mortal is thus, one who will destruction in my viscera, I have not been injured, my
die whether (men), herds, fowl, fish, snakes or worms; eye has not rotted, my skull has not been crushed, my
those who live will die. May no worm at all pass by; ears are not deaf, my head has not removed itself from
may they not come against me in their various shapes; my neck, my tongue has not been taken away, my hair
you shall not give me over to that slayer who is in his has not been cut off, my eyebrows have not been
..., who kills the body , who rots the hidden one, who stripped, no inju ry has happened to me. My corpse is
destroys a multitude of corpses, who lives by killing the permanent, it will not perish nor be destroyed in this
living, who carries out his business and who does what land for ever.
has been commanded to'him. You

153

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8
154
 -- SPELL 155-- awoke in a bad state and painted his eyes in the god's
[illustrated opposite and p.158] ship. It was commanded to him to rule the Banks, and he
assumed the condition of a mighty warrior, for he re
Spell for a djed-pillar of gold mem bered what had been done, and he engendered fear of
him and inspired respect. His great mother protects him
Raise yourself, 0 Osiris, place you rself on your side, and erases those who come against Horus.
that I may put water beneath you and that I may bring To be spoken over a golden vulture with this spell
you a djed-pillar of gold so that you may rejoice at it. inscribed on it; it is to be set as a protection for this
To be said over a golden djed -pillar embellished worthy spirit on the day of interment, as a matter a mil
with sycamore-bast, to be placed on the throat of lion times true.
the deceased on the day of interment. As for him on
whose throat this amulet has been placed, he will
be a worthy spirit who will be in the realm of the -- SPELL 158--
dead on New Year's Day Like tJ:ose who are in [illustrated opposite]
the suite of Osiris. A matter a million times true.
Spell for a golden collar to be placed on the
throat of the deceased
-- SPELL 156--
[illustrated opposite and pp.156, 157,158] 0 my father, my brother, and my mother Isis, release
me, look at me, for I am one of those who should be re
Spell for a k not-amulet of red leased when Geb sees them.
jasper To be spoken over a golden collar with this spell in
scribed on it; it is to be set on the throat of the deceased
You have your blood, 0 Isis; you have your power, 0 on the day of interment.
Isis; you have you r magic, 0 Isis. The amulet is a pro
tection for this Great One which will drive away who
ever would commit a crime against him . --SPELL 159--
To be said over a k not-amulet of red jasper [illustrated opposite and p.157]
moistened with juice of the 'Life-is-in-it' fruit and
embellished with sycamore-bast and placed on the Spell for a papyrus-column. of green felspar to be
neck of the deceased on the day of interment. As placed on the throat of the deceased
for him for whom this is done, the power of Isis will
be the protection of his body, and Horus son of Isis 0 you who have come forth today from the god's house,
will rejoice over him when he sees him; no path will She whose voice is loud goes rou nd about from the door of
be hiddenfrom him, and one side of him will be the Two Houses, she has assumed the power of her
towards the sky and the other towards the earth. father, who is ennobled as Bull of the Nursing Goddess,
A true matter; you shall not let anyone see it in your and she accepts those of her followers who do great deeds
for her.
hand, for there is nothing equal to it.
To be spoken over a papyrus-column of green felspar
with this spell inscribed on it; it is to be set on the throat of
--SPELL 157-- the deceased .
[illustrated opposite and p.157]

Spell for a golden vulture to be placed on the neck of

--SPELL 160--
[illustrated opposite and p.161]
the deceased

Isis came, she halted at the town nd sought out a hiding Giving a papyrus-column of green f elspar
place for Horus when he came out of his marshes ...
To me belongs a papyrus-column of green felspar which
is not imperfect, and which the hand of Thoth supports,
for he detests injury . If it is intact, then I will be hale; if it
Spells 154-160 Vignettesfrom an unnamed funerary papyrus ..
In the top right the sun streams rays over the mummy of the is uninjured, then will I be unin jured ; if it is not struck,
dece..ised which lies on a lion-form bed beneath which are bags of then I will not be struck. It is what Thoth has said which
natron used knits your spine together.
during mummification (Spell 154). The other details show a djed
pillar, a knot-amulet, a golden vulture collar, a golden falcon collar
and a papyrus -column amulet, illustrating equipment to be placed
on
the mummy to give protection. 10098/1 1 ' 155
17
0
 Above: Spell 156 Nakht sits on a lion-footed chair sniffing a Right: Spells 156, 157 and 159 Top left, Tint-Djehuty stands in
lotus and holding a kerchief before a table heaped with adoration before a plaque on which a papyrus-column is carved
offerings and a very large knot -amulet. 10471115 (Spell
159). The other details are of a knot-amulet (Spell 156) and a
Welcome, 0 Elder of Heliopolis, greatest in Pe, to golden vulture amulet (Spell 157). 1008817
whom Shu has gone; he finds him in Shenmu in this his
name of 'Green Felspar'. He has taken his place opposite As for any noble dead for whom this ritual is performed
the Great God, and Atum is satisfied with ·his Eye, so over his coffin, there shall be opened for him four
that my mem bers will not be damaged . openings in the sky, one for the north wind - that is
Osiris; another for the south wind - that is Re; another
for the west wind' - that is Isis; another for the east wind
--SPELL 161 -- -that is Nephthys . As for each one of these winds which
[illustrated p.159] is in its opening, its task is to enter into his nose. No out
sider knows, for it is a secret which the common folk do
Spell f or breaking an opening into the sky which Thoth not yet know; you shall not perform it over anyone, not
made for Wennefer when he broke into the solar disc you r father or your son, except yourself alone. It is truly
a secret, which no-one of the people should know.
Re lives, the tortoise is dead, the corpse is interred and N
's bones are reunited.
Re lives, the tortoise is dead, and he who is in the --SPELL 162--
sarcophagus and in the coffin is stretched out. [illustrated p.160]
TH E TWO REMAINING PARA GRAPHS CONTI NUE TH
E Spell to cause to come into being a flame beneath the
RI·FRA I N 'R E LIVES, THE TORTOISE IS DEAD', BUT head of a spirit
OTI ll:RW ISI' AR F U N I NTELLIGIBLE. A 'RU BRI C' I N
BLACK IOL LOWS: Hail to you Lord of Might, tall of plumes, owner of the

156
I

--...c- •• ' "

----.,l..----
.. _,_\' Jm 11J ,.._
_ ,/'"k i1p
k1>!J J :Z,,!f_ "''

15717
2
 Above: Spells 155, 156, 29B and 166 Ani's djed-pillar amulet, Right: Spell 161 Thoth, shown four times, is about to pull open
knot amulet, heart amulet and headrest amulet. 10470/33 the barrier which blocks thefour winds. 10479/11

Wereret-crown, whose possession is the flail. You are lord gods in heaven, regard the corpse of you r son ; keep him
of the phallus, strong when dawning, a light never ceasing safe in the realm of the dead. This is a book of great
to dawn. You are possessor of (different) forms, rich in secrecy - let no-one see it for that would be an abom
hues, one who hides in the Sacred Eye u ntil his birth. ination. But the one who knows i t and keeps it hidden
You are one powerful of bellow in the Ennead, a mighty shall continue to exist. The name of this book is "Mis
runner, swift of steps. You are a powerful god who comes tress of the hidden tem ple".'
to the aid of one who asks for it, who saves the wretched
from affliction. Come at my voice, I am the ihet-cow; your
name is in my mouth and I shall utter it: Penhaqahagaher
is your name, I uriuiaqrsainqrbaty is your name, tail of the
--SPELL 163 -
[illustrated p.l 63]
lion-ra m is your name, Kharsati is your name: I adore you
r name. I am the ihet-cow, hear my voice today. You have
set the flame under the head of Re and he is in the divine Spells taken from another book, added to the book of
Netherworld in Heliopolis. May you cause him to appear coming forth by day. Spell for preventing a man's corpse
like one who is on earth: he is your soul, do not forget from putrefying in the realm of the dead in order to res
him. Come to the Osiris cue him from the eater of souls who imprisons in the
N. Cause to come into being a flame beneath his head Netherworld and to prevent accusations of his crimes
for he is the soul of that corpse which rests in Heliopolis, upon earth being· imputed to him; to cause his flesh and
Atum is his name, Barkatitjawa is his name. Come, cause bones to be safe from maggots and every god who muti
him to be like one in you r following, for he is such a one as lates in the realm of the dead and to allow him to come
you. and go as he wants and to do everything which is in his
Words to be spoken over a statuette of an ihet-cow heart without being restrained.
made of fine gold and placed at the throat of the de Words to be spoken over a snake with two legs, a sun
ceased; also a drawing of it on a new papyrus scroll disc and two horns; over two Sacred Eyes, each with two
placed u nder his head. A great quantity of flames will legs and wings. In the pupil of one is the figu re of Him
envelop him completely like one who is on earth. A very whose arm is raised and a head of Bes with two plumes,
great protection which was made by the ihet-cow for her whose back is like a falcon's. In the pu pil of the other is a
son Re when he set. His place will be enclosed by a blaze figure of Him whose arm is raised and a head of Neith
and he will be a god i n the realm of the dead and will not be with two pl umes, whose back is like a falcon's. Drawn in
repulsed from any portal of the Netherworld in very truth. dried myrrh mixed wi th wine, repeated with green stone
You shall say as you place this goddess at the th roat of of Upper Egypt and water from the well west of Egypt on a
the deceased 'O you most hidden of hidden green bandage with which all a man's limbs are enveloped.

158
 17
4
159
 He shall not be repulsed from any portals of the
Netherworld; he shall eat and drink, defecate from the Spell 162 Behind an offering -table topped by a lotus stands the
ihet-cow wearing a sun-disc and plumes, with a Bat-amulet
hinder-pa rts as when he was on earth. No complaint
about her neck. 9946/6
shall be raised against him nor the hand of an enemy
profit against him for ever.
has a phallus, wings and the claws of a lion. Drawn in
If this text is used on earth he will not be exposed by dried myrrh with fresh incense, repeated in ink upon a
the messengers who attack those who commit wrong in red bandage. A dwarf stands before her, another behind
all the earth. His head shall not be cut off, he shall not be her, each facing her and wearing plumes. Each has a raised
destroyed by the knife of Seth. He shall not be carried arm and two heads, one is the head of a falcon, the other a
off to any prison. But he shall enter the tribunal and human head.
come forth justified. He shall be preserved from the fear Wrap the breast therewith: he shall be a god among
of wrong-doing wh ich exists in all the earth . gods in the realm of the dead. He: shall not be repulsed
for ever . His flesh and bones shall be sound like one who
does not die. He shall drink water from the river; land
-SPELL 164 - shall be given to him in the Field of Rushes; a star of the
[illustrated sky shall be given to him . He shall be preserved from the
p.163] serpent, the hot-tempered one who is in the Nether
world. His soul shall not be imprisoned. The djeriu
Another spell bird shall rescue him from the one at his side and no
maggot shall eat him .
To be said over (a figurine of) Mut having three heads:
one being the head of Pakhet wearing plum es, a second
being a human head wea ring the Dou ble Crown, the third
being the head of a vultu re wearing plumes. She also

160
 1..
I
1
-
•
J

;
E±2E CCL

Spell 160 Thoth hands over to Nebseny a rectangular plaque,

presumably carved with a papyrus-column. 9900/10

--SPELL 165-- --SPELL 166 --

[illustrated p.164] [illustrated p.158]

Spell for mooring and not letting the Sacred Eye be Spell for a headrest
injured, for maintaining the corpse and drinking water
May the pigeon s awaken you when you are asleep, 0 N,
To be said over a divine image with raised arm, plu mes may they awaken your head at the horizon . Raise your
on his head, his legs apart, his middle a scarab ; drawn w self, so that you may be trium phant over what was done
ith lapis-lazuli and water of gum. Also an image whose head
against you, for Ptah has felled you r enemies, and it is
is human, his arms hangin g down, the head of a ram on
commanded that action be taken against those who
his right shoulder, another on his lef t should er. Draw on
a single bandage level with his heart the image of Him would harm you. You are Horus son of Hathor, the
with raised arm; draw the other image over his breast male and female fiery serpents, to whom was given a
without letting Sugady who is in the Neth erworld have head after it had been cut off. Your head shall not be
knowledge of it. He shall drink water of the river; he shall ta ken from you afterwards, you r head shall not be taken
shine like a star in the sky. from you for ever.

17
L 616
 --SPELL 167 -- knows the secrets of the Lord s of the Netherworld.
[illustrated p.165] He who is m ysteriou s. May he permit N' s corpse to
be strong and intact on earth and in the realm of the
Spell for bringing a Sacred Eye dead. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N , being a
by N possessor of movement in the realm of the dead and in
Rosetjau .
Thoth has fetched the Sacred Eye, having pacified the Eye He who is con cealed. May he give bread and beer to
after Re had sent it away. It was very angry, but Thoth N with you in the House of Osiris. A bowl is offered
pacified it from anger after it had been far away. If I be to them on earth by N , who enters into the secrets of
hale, it will be hale, and N will be hale. the Lord s of the Netherworld.
The mysteriou s one of Osiris. May he cause N to be a
--SPELL 168-- possessor of movement in the sacred place. A bowl is
[illustrated pp.166. 167, 168-9] offered to them on earth by N , who becomes the owner
of a throne in the realm of the dead .
Those who lift up their faces to the sky in the bow of the Sherem. He shall not let evil draw near to N in the
Bark of Re will perm it N to see Re when he rises. A bowl realm of the dead. A bowl is offered to them on earth by
is offered to them on earth by N, a possessor of gif ts in N, a soul who hears the words of the gods.
the West within the Field of Offerings. The Usher. May he permit N to see Re when he rises
Those who lif t up thei r faces to the sky in the bow of and sets. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N . May
the Bark of Re will permit Osiris to see Re when he rises. A his mem bers live and his body be hale for ever.
bowl is offered to them on earth by N , a follower of the The Dark One. May he make N to be a spirit on earth
Great God, the Lord of the beautiful West . and to be strong in the West. A bowl is offered to them
Those who drive Re will cause bread to pass to N as on earth by N , whose legs have power as a possessor of
to the suite of Re when he goes to rest. A bowl will be a throne i n the West .
of fered to them on earth by N, who comes to Horus, The Eyeless One. May he permit N to be among
Lord of the Mou ntain-top . those who are in charge of braziers. A bowl is offered
The bearers of gif ts will cause N to be like those who to them on earth by N , who belongs to the Standing
are in the Netherworld. A bowl will be offered to them One who is in the Netherworld.
on earth by N, who goes out and comes in with Re for The Embalmers. May they permit N to be in the pres
ever. The inert ones will permit N to enter into the Hall ence of the Great God, Lord of the West. A bowl is of
of Justice. A bowl will be offered to them on earth by fered to them on earth by N, who becomes a possessor of
N , as • arms and one who is stouthearted in the realm of the
a possessor of gifts in the beautiful West. dead.
The snakes will permit N to follow Re into his bark. The Males whose arms are hidden . May they permit
A bowl will be offered to them on earth by N , who N to be with them for ever in the realm of the dead .
travels freely with the gods of the Netherworld. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N , who will attain
The bearers of offerings who give offerings to the to the th rone of Osiris.
gods will give offerings and provisions to N i n the realm The Females whose arms are hidden. May they grant
of the dead. A bowl will be offered to them on earth by that N be hale· and that his offerings end ure in his
N. May they not stand up against the soul at the portal. presence. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N ; he is
the two-horned one who hears the words of the gods.
The gods of the eighth cavern of the He whose body is hidden. May he grant to N right
Netherworld whose shapes are mysterious, who eousness with Re who is in his Ennead. A bowl is
breathe the air. offered to them on earth by N , as the possessor of a
The gods who are in their shrines which are about the phallus who takes women for ever.
Abyss. May they let N drink. A bowl will be offered to The souls who go forth. May they j udge the speech of
them on earth by N ; may his soul l ive and may his N among the gods who are with them. A bowl is offered
corpse be intact in the realm of the dead. to thm on earth by N among the living, the lords of
The gods who are in the suite of Osiris. May they etermty.
grant that N be at rest with his mumm y. A bowl is Those who belong to ... May they grant that N have
offered to them on earth by N , in the presence of the power throu gh his offerings on earth like all the gods. A
Great God who dwells in his bark . bowl is offered to them on earth by N , who benefi ts
He who stands up. May he perm it N to worship Re from provisions i n the realm of the dead.
when he rises. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N ; Those who receive. May they permit N to enter into
he shall be in charge of the braziers .
He who is hidden. May he make N stron g in the hall
of Geb. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N, who
162

17
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Spells 163 and 164 On the left is a winged female ithyphallicfigure
with three heads, that of a vulture, a woman and a lioness, standing The Hidden Goddess. May she grant that N's soul be
between two dwarfs. One is ithyphallic, has a human and afalcon's stron g and his corpse intact like the gods who are in the
head, wears plumes and carries a flail; the other is human-headed Netherworld. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N ;
and carries a flail (Spell 164) . On the right are two winged udjat- may his soul rest in the place where it desires to be.
eyes on human legsfollo wed by a serpent with legs, wearing horns The souls of the gods who have become the members
and a sun-disc. 10257/21
of Osiris. May they grant that N have peace . A bowl is
offered to them on earth by N, who receives his place on
all the secret places of the Netherw orld. A bowl will be
earth and in the realm of the dead.
offered to them on earth by N , who shall have power
Those who worsh ip Re. N shall not be driven off
over offerings upon earth as a possessor of braziers .
from any of the portals of the Netherworld. A bowl is
The female inert ones. May they grant that N be with
offered to them on earth by N when he goes out into
the Great God as the possessor of a phallus. A bowl is
the day and is cool in the cool place.
offered to them on earth by N, so that he who is in the
Those whose faces are warlike . May they grant that N
secret place in darkness may have light.
be cool in the place of heat. A bowl is offered to them on
Osiris-An u bis. May he grant that N be a possessor of
earth by N ; may he sit in front in the presence of the
a throne in the Sacred Land . A bowl is offered to them
Great God.
on earth by N, who passes the threshold of the portal
of Osiris.
The gods of the eleventh cavern, covered, ...
The gods of the tenth cavern in the Netherworld, hidden, secret.
The Python. May she grant that N be hale before the
who
Great God who is in the Netherworld. A bowl is
cry aloud and whose mysteries are holy.
offered to them on earth by N, who shall come into
Those who belong to the sunshine. May they give
being as Khepri in the West.
light to N in darkness. A bowl is offered to them on earth
The Soul of the West. May he grant invocation
by N, who worships the Great God in his place every day.
offerings of bread and beer, oxen and fowl to N on earth
Those who take hold. May they grant that N be and in the realm of the dead. A bowl is offered to them on
acclaimed. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N , on earth by N, a possessor of a throne whose heart is
the day of driving off the great encircling serpent.
content on the mou ntain of the realm of the dead.
The Nine Gods who guard those who are in (the cav
The Souls of Earth. May they grant triumph to N
ern). May they grant the breath of life to N on earth and
over his enemies in sky and earth . A bowl is offered to
in the realm of the dead. A bowl is offered to them on
them on earth by N , who keeps silence regarding all that
earth by N, whose hand is extended and who repels him
he has seen.
who comes .
Those who make offerings. May they grant that N be
The Nine Gods whose arms are hidd en. May they
like the crew (of the solar bark) in the sky. A bowl is
grant that N be a spirit like the worthy spirits. A bowl is
offered to them on earth by N ; may he go in by the secret
offered to them on earth by N, whose head is hale on
portal.
earth and in the realm of the dead .
163

18
0
 The Nine Gods who rule the West. May they permit
N to go in by the great secret portal of Osiris. A bowl
is offered to them on earth by N, who is dominant over
the Lords of the Netherworld.
The Nine Gods who are i n the suite of Osiris. May
they grant that N h ve power over his enemies. A bowl is
offered to them on earth by N ; may he become a worthy
soul from day to day.
Iqeh. May he grant that N be in the presence of Re
and that he may cross the sky for ever. A bowl is offered to
them on earth by N, for he is in the following of Him who
dwells in the Place of Embal mment, Lord of the Sacred
Land.
The Em balmer of Osiris. May he grant that N's soul
shall live; he shall not die again for ever. A bowl is of
fered to them on earth by N; mourning shall be decreed
for him and for his god .
The Nine Watchers . May they grant wakefulness to
N; he shall never be destroyed. A bowl is offered to them
on earth by N, who is vindicated before Osiris, Lord of
the Faiyum.
The Nine Mourners. May they grant mou rn ing for N
like what was done for Osiris. A bowl is offered to them
on earth by N when his soul ascends among the spirits.
He whom Re summoned. May he summon N to Re
and his Ennead . A bowl is offered to them on earth by N
whose soul comes into the secret place and goes up from
the earth.
lqen. May he drive away all evil from N for ever. A
bowl is offered to them on earth by N, who comes in
peace and is vindicated .
Those who are with Her whose head is red. May they
permit N to go in and out and to stride forward like the
Lords of the Netherworld. A bowl is offered to them on
earth by N when he goes in and out of the portal of the
Netherworld.
She whose head is red. May she grant that N have
power over the waters . A bowl is offered to them on
earth by N as one who strides freely up the great
stairway .
The Coiled Serpent. May she grant that N be holy in
the Netherworld for ever. A bowl is offered to them on
earth by N, as a worthy soul who is in his cavern .
Those who are with the Coiled Serpent. May they
permit N to stride forward freely in the sacred place. A
bowl is offered to them on earth by N, and he shall be in
the presence of the Followers of Horus.
The Nine Gods who hide Osiris. May they grant that
N dwell in the place which he desires. A bowl is offcred
to them on earth by N , and he shall be among the Lords
of Righteousness.
The Destroyer. May he clear N's vision that he may
Spell 165 An tthyph allic malefig 1ae, with a scarabfor a see the Sunshine-god. A bowl is offered to them on earth
body, wearing plu mes and carrying afla il walks before a human by N, so that he may be in the following of the serpent
figu re with two rams' heads. 10257/22
guardian of the West.

L 64
 Spell 167 The udjat -eye stands on an elaborate collar which is
the hieroglyphic sign for 'gold'. 9900/22

The gods of the twelfth cavern of the West.

Netherworld ; the gods are united in front of those The gods who are on the earth. May they give an
who guide. island to N in the Field of Rushes. A bowl is offered to
He of the river-bank . May he grant that N be Lord of them on earth by N ; may he dwell in the place where he
the Island of the Just. A bowl is offered to them on earth desires to be.
by N as a possessor of offerings in the Field of Rushes. He who is in charge of the earth. May he make a grant
The gods who are in the region of the Netherworld. of land to N in the Field of Offerings. A bowl is offered
May they give justice to N in the Hall of Justice . A to them on earth by N ; may amulets protect him like
bowl is offered to them on earth by N ; may he plough the Lords of the Netherworld.
in the Field of Offerings . The gods who are in the earth. May they give food
The gods who are with the Coiled Serpent. May they offerings, provisi ons and a portion of meat to N in the
grant that N be in the place which his ka desires, and he realm of the dead. A bowl is offered to them on earth
will be there. A bowl is offered to them on earth by N, by N, when he sets in Manu.
who will come into being at the word of the Lrd of the

18
1652
 Those who are in charge of the secret things which are in
the earth. May they place their walls about N, like what is
done for the Inert One. A bowl is offered to them on
earth by N when he goes in and out of the realm of the
dead.
The gods who a.re in the coils of the Serpent. May
they cause the sun-disc to look on N. A bowl is offered
to them on earth by N as a mighty spirit in his
firmament. Yuba. May he grant that N rest in the West.
A bowl is offered to them on earth by N when going in
and out of
the West more than anyone.

--SPELL 169 -
Spell for erecting a bier

You are the Lion, you are the Dou ble Lion, you are
Horus the protector of his father, you are the fourth of
these four mighty gods who belong to those who make
acclamation and who make shouting, who bring water by
means of their power of ... Raise yourself upon your right
side, lif t yourself upon your left side, for Geb will open
for you your blind eyes, he will straighten your bent
knees, and there will be given to you your heart which
you had from you r mother, your heart which belongs
to you r body. Your soul is bound for the sky, your
corpse is beneath the ground; there is bread for your
belly, water for your throat and sweet air for your nose.
Those who are in their tombs will be kindly to you,
those who are in their cof fins will be open to you, they
will bring to you you r mem bers when you are re
established in your original shape. You shall go up to the
sky, the cord shall be knotted for you in the presence of
Re, you shall close the net in the river, you shall drink
water from it, you shall walk on your feet, you shall not
walk upside down . You shall ascend to those who are
above the earth, you shall not go out to those who are
under the walls;·your walls which belong to you, being
what your city god made for you, will not be thrown
down.
You are pure, your front is pu re, your back parts are
clean by means of natron, fresh water and incense, and
you are pu re by means of milk of Apis, by beer of Tjen
myt, and by natron which dispels the evil on you. Tefnut
the daughter of Re will feed you in the presence of her
father Re; She of the Valley will knit you together as at
the burial of her father Osiris, you will bite on some
thing sweet which he gives to you there. Your three
portions are above with Re, of barley of Ibu; you r four
portions are below with Geb, of barley of Upper Egypt; it
Spell 168 ln the Ninth Cavern an enshrined mummiform figure is the citizens who bring to you Hi m of the Field of
wearing the White Crown and flanked by vertical snakes is
accompanied by thefigure fourteen. Behind stand a woman and Offerings, and he is set before you. You shall go forth
a god who carries a was-sceptre and an ankh, also accompanied with Re, you shall have power through Re, you shall
by thefigure fourteen. 10478/6

166
Spell 168 Some of the inhabitants of the Caverns of the Underworld.
In the Eighth Cavern a god carries a child on his shoulder have life, your soul has health, your corpse is long
accompanied by thefigure four, meaning there arefour such figures; a enduring, you see the flame, you breathe the air, you r
woman lies prone with her hands to afalling lock of hair -again there vision is clear in the House of Darkness which is set in
arefour such figures. 10478/6 the entrance (of the sky), without seeing a storm. You
serve the ruler of the Two Lands, you refresh yourself at
the meru-tree in the presence of him whose magic is
have power in your legs at all seasons and at any hour. mighty, while Seshat sits before you, Sia protects your
You shall not be examined, you shall not be impris body, the Ox-herd milks for you his herd which follows
oned, you shall not be watched, you shall not be fet Sekhat-Hor. May you raise yourself at the opening of
tered, you shall not be put in the cell for rebels, the sand the waters of Kheraha, may the great ones of Pe and Dep
shall be removed from your face. Beware of him who is praise you, may you gaze on Thoth the representative of
heavy against you, let none oppose you ; beware that you Re in the sky, may you go up and enter into the pillared
do not go forth. Take your garment, your sandals, your hall, may the Rivals make report to you. Your ka is with
staff, you r loin-cloth and all your weapons, so that you you because of your joy of heart at your existing. Your
may cut off the heads and sever the necks of those rebel happy ... awaken you, the Ennead makes your heart
lious enemies who draw near when you are dead. 'Do glad; four loaves are issued to you in Letopolis, four
not go near' is the word of the Great God to you, even loaves in Hermopolis and four loaves in Heliopolis upon
he who brings himself on the day of coming into being. the altar of the Lady of the Two Lands. May the night of
The Falcon rejoices at you, the Goose cackles at you, the stars awaken you, may the Lords of Heliopolis refresh
doors of the sky are opened by Re, the earth is thrown you, may food be in your mouth, for your feet shall not
open for you by Geb, because your power is so great go astray, you r limbs shall have life, you shall grasp a
and the knowledge of your name is so effective. It is whip in Abydos; you shall guide the collection of the
opening up the West for this worthy soul, it is speech great ones, the full muster of those who are in charge of
which is pleasing to the heart of Re and satisfactory to the company at the jubilee of Osiris at the morning of
the heart of his tribunal which watches over men. May the Wag-festival, and of the masters of the mysteries.
the Double Lion lead to the place where N has made his You shall be adorned with gold, your vestment being of
ka content. fine linen, Hapi shall surge over your breast, the seter
0 N, entrap all those who would harm you, for you plant will be beneficial to you, being carved on your

16718
4
 Spell 168 Four representations of the s1m-god: three squat
within cabins on boats -onefalcon-headed, one scarab-headed
and one ram-headed - thefourth is enthroned and falcon-
headed, embraced

168
by an animated sun-disc which emerges from the symbol for the sky.
Beneath are some of the curious inhabitants of the Caverns of the
Underworld. 100I0/2 '

169
18
6
offering-stone , and you shall drink beside the Lake of the whom Nu t created ; may you shine like Re i n the hori
Two Kn ives. The gods who are yonder shall favour you, you zon when he illumin es the Two Lands with his beauty.
shall ascend to the sky wi th the gods who present Truth to The gods say to you : 'Welcome ! Cross over that you may
Re, you shaJI be inducted i n to the presence of the Ennead, see your possessions in you r house for eternity.'
and you shaJI be made like one of them. Yours is the k ha r- Renenutet will raise you up, even she whom Atu m im
goose, son of the ro-goose, and you shall offer it to Ptah pregnated in the presence of the En nead.
Sou th-of -his-Wall. 0 Nut, I am the heir of the sky, the compan ion of Him
who created his light; I went forth from the wom b when I
was orphaned of my father without having the wisdom to
-SPELL 170-- answer for my deeds.

Spell for assembling a bier

--SPELL 171--
0 N, I have given you your flesh, I have gathered you r
bones together for you, I have collected your mem bers Spell for donning a pure garment
for you, I have thrown off for you the earth which was on
you r flesh, for you are Horus within the Egg. Raise you Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Seth, Neph
rself that you may see the gods, extend your arm towa rds thys, Horakhty, Hathor, the Great Mansion, Khepri, Mont
the horizon, to the pure place where you desire to be. May the Lord of Thebes, Amu n the Lord of the thrones of the
men serve you there, may acclamation be made for you, Two La nds, the G reat Ennead, the Lesser Ennead, the gods
with what is issued from the altar. Horus will raise you up and goddesses who are in the Abyss, Sobk of
at his appearings, just as he did for Him who was in the Crocodilopolis, Sobk in all his many names in every place
Pure Place. of h is where his soul desires to be; the southern gods
0 N, Anubis who is on his mou ntain will raise you and the northern gods, those who are in the sky and those
up and will make your bandages strong. who are on earth: may you give this pu re gar ment to the
0 N, Ptah-Sokar will give you an arm with its tem worthy spirit N; may you grant that it be beneficial to
ple adornments . him; may you remove the evil which is on him. As for
0 N, Thoth himself will come to you with the book of this pu re garment for N, may it be allotted to him for
the sacred words, and he will set your hand on the hori ever and ever, and may you remove the evil which is on
zon, at the place which your ka desires; he it was who him.
helped you, 0 Osiris, on that night of death. May you r
White Crown be firm on your brow, for Shesmu is with
you, and he will present you with the choicest of fowl.
0 N, raise yourself on you r bier that you may go
-- SPELL 172 -
forth. Re will raise you up in the horizon, to the bank of
Here begin the spells of praising which are made in the
rowers wh ich is in his Bark.
realm of the dead
0 N, Atum, father of the gods, will cause you to
end u re for ever.
I am purified wi th natron, I chew natron, incense ... I am
0 N, Min of Coptos will raise you up so that gods of
pure, and pu re are the recitati ons which come forth from
the shrine may worship you.
my mouth. They are more pu re than the fins and scales of
0 N, how happy a thing it is that you should cross in
the fish in the river, more than the image belonging to the
peace to you r house for etern ity, you r tom b for ever
Mansion of Natron; my recitations are pure. How happy
lasting! May you be greeted in Pe and Dep in the shrine
am I! Ptah praises me, He who is South-of-his Wall
which you r ka desires, for you r place is pre-eminent and
praises me, every god praises me and every goddess praises
your power is great. The great bier will raise you up to
me (and they say): 'Your beauty is that of a calm pool, like
the Wild Bull whom the gods embrace, for you are a god
a quiet water; you r beauty is that of a hall of festival
who begot those who exist, whose shape is better than
wherein every god is extolled ; your beauty is like the
those of the gods. Your brillia nce is greater than that of
colu mn of Ptah, indeed like the shaft of Re.' May there
the spirits, your power is mightier than that of those who
are yonder. be made for me a colum n for Ptah and a metal jar for Him
who is South-of-his-Wall.
0 N, Ptah Sou th-of-his-Wall will raise you up and
See, you are doubly mourned. First stanza. See, you
wil l advance your position above that of the gods.
are lamented, you are glorified, you are exalted, you are a
0 N , you are Horus, son of Isis, whom Ptah begot, spirit, you are mighty. Rise up, for you are indeed risen !
Rise up against those who would harm you, male

170
or fem ale, for you r enem ies are fallen; Ptah has picks of gold and thei r nails are kn ives of flint in the
felled you r enemies, and you are victorious over them, faces of those who would harm you.
you have power over th em . You r words are heard, See, you are doubly mourned . Sixth stanza. You
orders are carried out for you, for you are risen and v don the pu re garment, you discard the thick cloth, you
indicated in the tribu nals of every god or goddess. rise up from the bier, the foreleg is cut off for you r ka,
See, you are doubly mourned . Second stan za. You 0 N, the heart is for you r mummy, you receive the
r head, 0 my lord, is adorned with the tress of a loin-cloth of fine linen from the hands of the messenger
woman of Asia; you r face is brighter than the of Re; you eat bread upon a cloth woven by Tayt
Mansion of the Moon ; you r upper part is lapis-lazu li; herself ; you eat the foreleg, you devour the hau nch.
your hair is blacker than all the doors of the Re glorifies you in h is pure abode; you wash your
Netherworld on the day of darkness, you r hair is best feet in bowls of silver fashioned by the craft of Sokar,
rewn with lapis-lazuli ; the upper part of you r face is while you eat the shens bread wh ich was issued from
as the shining of Re ; you r visage is covered with the altar; the two God's Fathers make presentation,
gold and Horus has inlaid it with lapis-lazuli ; your and you eat persen-bread prepa red in the cooking-
eyebrows are the two sisterly Serpents, and Horus has vessel of the storehouse; in the fear of you r heart you
inlaid them with lapis-lazu li; you r nose is in the odou r chew onions from your offering stone; the n u rse-
of the place of embalming, you r nostrils are like the baboons prepa re for you the provisions and food of
winds of the sky ; your eyes behold Bakhu; you r the Souls of Heliopol is, who themselves bear food to
eyelashes are firm every day, being colou red with real you ; fowl and fish are promised to you to be at you r
l apis-lazuli ; your eyelids are the bringers of peace, and feet in the portals of the Great Mansion. You raise up
their corners are full of black eye-paint; you r lips give Orion, you r hinder-parts reach to the sky ; and her
you tru th , they repeat tru th to Re and make the gods hands are on you . That is what Orion said, even he the
con tent ; you r teeth are those of the Coiled Serpent, son of Nu t who bore the gods. The two Great Gods of
with which the Two Horuses play; you r tongue is the sky said the one to the other: 'Take on you r
wise and sharp when you speak to the k ites of the fi shoulder h im whom I have brou ght on my shoulder
eld; you r jaw is the starry sky; you r breasts are firm and let us help N on this happy day . May he be
in their place when they traverse the western desert. glorified, may he be remem bered, even he who will
See, you are doubly mourned . Third stanza. You r be in the mou ths of all child ren.' Raise you rself and
neck is adorned with gold and also with fine gold ; you r listen to your praises in the mouths of all you r
th roat is great, you r windp ipe is Anu bis; you r household .
vertebrae are the Two Cobras; you r back is overlaid with See, you are doubly mourned. Seventh stanza. May
gold and also with fine gold ; you r lun gs are Nep hthys; Anu bis embalm you, for he has acted on behalf of one
you r face is Hapi and his flood; you r buttocks are eggs whom he has favou red. May the Greatest of the Seers
of cornel ian ; you r legs are strong in wal ki ng; you are make presentation of his clothing when you go to bathe
seated on you r throne, and the gods have given you in the Lake of Perfection, for he is the butler of the Great
you r eyes. God. May you make offerings in the Upper Houses,
See, you are doubly mourned. Fourth stanza. You r may you propitiate the Lords of Heliopolis, may you
gullet is Anu bis; your body is extended with gold; you r present to Re water i n a vase and two large jars of milk.
breasts are eggs of cornelian which Horus has inlaid with May your offering be raised up on the altar; may you r
lapis-lazuli ; your arms glitter with faience; you r shoul feet be washed on a stone of ... on the slab of the God of
ders are firm in their places; you r heart is happy every the Lake; may you ascend and see Re on the supporting
day ; you r heart is the work of the two Mighty Ones; posts of the sky, on the head of Pillar-of-his-Mother,
your thighs worship the lower stars, your belly is the and on the shoulders of Wepwawet; may he open a path
pea ceful sky; you r navel is the Mornin g Star which for you that you may see the horizon, the pure place
makes jud gement and promises light in dark ness, and where you desire to be.
whose offerings are the "life-is-in-it' plant; it worships See, you are doubly mourned. Eighth stanza.
the Majesty of Thoth . I love its beau ty in my tomb Offerings are divided u p for you in the presence of Re.
which my god decreed for me in the pu re place where I You have your front part, you have you r back part,
desire to be. being what Horus and Thoth decreed for you. They
See, you are doubly mourned . Fifth stanza. You r have su mmoned you, and you see that whereby you
arms are a waterway at the fair season of inu nd become a spirit. It is caused that the god goes up to you
ation , a in the neighbou rhood of the Souls of Heliopolis; ma
waterway which the Child ren of Water have covered y you proceed on the paths, great in your dignity of
; you r knees are enclosed with gold; you r breast is a one who receives the offerings of you r father who was
thicket of the swamps; the soles of you r feet are firm before you , being clad in fine linen every d ay and
every day; your toes guide you on fair paths, 0 N ; you being guided by the god to the portals of the Great
r hands are the reeds in the water- basins; your fingers Mansion.
are 18
8
171
 See, you are doubly mourned. Ninth stanza. As for N, cut irrigation chan nels for you.
there i ai r for him, air for his nose, air for h is nostrils ; a Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
thousand geese, and fifty baskets of everyth i ng good and made for you a massacre of those who rebelled against
pu re. You r enem ies have fallen and shall exist no you.
longer, 0 N. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horu s ; I have come, having
made wild bulls nd herd s into bu tchery for you.
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
--SPELL 173 - made provision for you.
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horu s; I have come, having
brought to you ...
The greeti ngs of Horus to his father when he went in to Ho Osiris ! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
see h is father Osiris when he wen t u p into the great pu re
killed for you ...
place, so that Re m ight see him as Wenncfer, Lord of the
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horu s ; I have come, having
Sacred Land ; they em braced each other in ord er that he
m ight be a spirit thereby in the realm of the dead. struck down calves for you.
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
Worshi p of Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, the
wru n g the neck s of geese and ducks for you.
Great God, Lord of Abydos, King of Eternity and Ruler of
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
Everlasting, the august god in Rosetjau, by N.
lassoed your enemies for you wi th thei r own ropes.
I give you praise, 0 Lord of the Gods, sole god who
lives on tru th - so says you r son Horus. I have come to Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having got
you that I may greet you, and I have brought tru th to rid of you r enem ies for you down a drain-pipe.
you at the place where you r En nead is; may you grant Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
that I be among those who are in you r suite and that I brought you fresh water from Elephantine so that you
may fell all you r enemies, for I have perpetuated your off may be refreshed with it.
erings on earth for ever. Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus, and I have come to brou ght you all kinds of fresh vegetables.
you that I may greet you, my father Osiris. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having perpetuated you r offerings on earth like Re.
felled you r enemies for you. Ho Osiris! I am your son Horu s; I have come, having
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come that I may prepared your bread of red emmcr in Pe.
remove all evil which is on you. Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come that I may prepared you r beer from white shert-grain in Dep.
slay for you him who m u tilated you. Ho Osiris ! I am your son Horus; I have come, having
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, havin g cultivated ba rley and emmer for you in the Field of
thrust my hand against those who rebelled against you. Rushes.
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, havi ng Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having
brought tO you the confederacy of Seth with their bonds reaped them there for you.
on them . Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, havi ng glorify you.
brought Upper Egypt to you and having bou nd Lower Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come that I may
Egy pt together for you. cause you to be a soul.
Ho Osiris! I am your son Horus; I have come, having Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
perpetuated god 's-offeri ngs for you in Upper and ma ke you strong.
Lower Egy pt. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having cause ...
cu ltivated fields for you. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having flooded cause ...
the river-banks for you. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, havi ng ma ke you respected.
ploughed up the lands for you. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having ca use you to be fea red.
constructed canals for you. Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may give
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, ha vi ng you you r eyes and the pl u mes on you r head.
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come that I may
cause Isis and Nephthys to make you end u ring.

172
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 Spell 174 M uthetepti emerges from the great gate in the sky. I00
I0/3
--SPELL 174 --
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
filled the Eye of Horus with unguent for you .
Spell for letting a spirit go out from the great
Ho Osiris! I am you r son Horus; I have come, having
brou ght you the Eye of Horus so that your face may
gate in the sky
be provided with it.
You r son has acted on you r behalf, and the great ones
tremble when they see the sword which is in you r hand
whe n you ascend from the Netherworld . Hail to you, 0
Wise One! Geb has created you, the Ennead has borne
you. Horus is pleased with his Eye, Atum is pleased with
his years, the gods of West and East are pl eased with
the Great Goddess who came into being in the arms of Her
who bore the god.
I am reborn, I see, I behol d, I will be yonder, I am
'

173
raised up on my side, I make a decree, I hate sleep, (I de Spell 175 Ani and'his wife adore Thoth, who squats on a
test) limpness, and I who was in Nedit stand up. My shrine shaped pedestal holding an ankh on his knee.
bread is prepa red in Pe, I receive the sceptre in Helio 10470/29
polis; it was Horus who commanded that I his father be
helped . As for the Lord of Storm, the slavering of Seth into the Island of Fire, I have set right in the place of
is forbidden to him. wrong, and I am he who guards the linen garments
I will raise up Atum , for my words are great; I have which the Cobra gu arded on the night of the great
issued from between the thighs of the Enn ead, I was flood. I have appeared as Nefertum, the lotus at the
conceived by Sakhmet, it was Shesmetet who bore me, a nostril of Re; he issues from the horizon daily, and the
star brilliant and far-travelling, who brings distant gods will be cleansed at the sight of him .
products to Re daily. I have come to my throne upon the I am he who is vindicated with the kas, who ur1ites
Vultu re and the Cobra, I have appeared as a star. hearts, who is in charge of wisd om, a great one under the
0 you two fighters, tell the Noble One, whoever he god, namely Sia who is at the right hand of Re. I have
may be, that I am this lotus-flower which spran g up come to my place among the doubles, I unite hearts be
from the earth. Pure is he who received me and prepared cause of the wisdom of the Great Goddess, I have
my place at the nostril of the Great Power. I have come become Sia, the god at the right hand of Re. 0 you who
are protected by my hand, it is I who say what is in the

19
2174
heart of the Great Goddess in the Festival of Red Linen. N: But the soul of Seth will travel further than all the
I am Sia who is at the right hand of Re, the haughty one gods.
who presides over the Cavern of the Abyss. ATUM: I have caused his soul which is in the bark to
be restrained, so that the bod y of the god may be afraid .
--SPELL N: 0 m y father Osiris, do for me what you r father Re
did for you, so that I may be long-lived on earth, that
175-- my throne may be well founded, that my heir may be in
good health, that my tom b may be long-end uring, and
that these servants of m ine may be on earth ; let my
Spell for not dying again enemies be split open, may the Scorpion be on thei r
bones, for I am you r son, 0 my father Re; do this for
0 Thoth, what is it tha t has come abou t through me for the sake of my life, welfare and health, for
the Child ren of Nu t? They have made war, they have Horus is firm ly established on his throne, and let my
raised up tumult, they have done wrong, they have lifetim e come
created rebellion, they have done slaughter, they have to attain to the blessed state.
created imprisonment, they have red uced what was
grea t to what is little in all tha t we have made; show
greatness, 0 Thoth! - so says A tum. You shall not --SPELL 176--
witness wrong doing, you shall not suffer it! Shorten
their years, cut short their month s, because they have
done hidd en dam age to all that you hav e mad e. I Spell for not dying again
ha ve you r palette, 0 Thoth, I bri ng your ink pot to
you ; I am not amon g those who have done hidd en I abhor the eastern land, I will not enter the place of
damage, and none will work harm on me. destruction, none shall bring me offerings of what the
Thus says N: 0 Arum, how comes it that I travel to a gods detest, because I pass pu re into the midst of the
desert which has no water and no air, and which is deep, Milky Way, one to whom the Lord of All granted his
dark and u nsea rchable ? power on that day when the Two Lands were united in
ATUM: Live in it in content! the presence of the Lord of Th ings.
N: But there is no love-making there! As for him who k nows this spell, he will be a worthy
AruM: I have given spirit-being instead of water, ai r spirit and he will not die again in the realm of the dead .
and love-making , contentment in place of bread and beer
- so says Atum . Do not be sorry for you rself, for I
will not suffer you to lack. --SPELL 177--
N: But every god has taken his place in the Bark of
Millions of Years!
ATUM: You r seat now belongs to you r son Horus - Spell for raising up a spirit and causing a soul to live in
so says Atum - and he will despatch the Elders, he will the realm of the dead
rule from your seat, he will inherit the throne which i s
in the Island of Fire. N: 0 Nut, Nu t, I have cast my father to the earth,
N: Command that I may see his equal, for my face with Horus behind me. My wings have grown into
will see the face of the Lord of All. What will be the those of a falcon, my plumes are those of a sacred
duration of my life? - so said h e. falcon, m y soul has brought me and its words have
ATUM : You shall be for millions on m illion s of equipped me.
years, a lifetime of m illions of years. I will despatch the N ut: You have opened up you r place among the
Elders and destroy all that I have made; the earth shall stars of the sky, for you are the Lone Star of the sky; see,
return to the Abyss, to the surging flood, as in its 0 N, fair are the orders which you give to the spirits,
original state. Bu t I will remain with Osiris, I will for you are a Power; you will not go hu ngry, you are
transform m yself into something else, namely a serpent, not among them and you will not be among them.
without men knowing or the gods seeing. How good is See, upon your head as a soul are horns as of a wild bu
what I have done for Osiris, even more than for all the ll, for you are a black ram which a white ewe bore, one
gods! I have given him the desert, and his son Horus is who sucked from the four teats. The blue-eyed Horus
the heir on h is throne which is in the Island of Fire; I comes to you; the red -eyed Horus, violent of power,
have made what appertains to his place in the Bark of waits for you . He meets his soul, his messengers go,
Millions of Yea rs, and Horus is firm on his throne in his couriers run, they come to him who is supported
order to fou nd his establishments. above the West; this one goes from you of whom it is
said :'The god who speaks to the Field of the Gods.'
You r name is vindicated in the
175

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4
presence of the gods, the Ennead raise you up with their (Re and) Thoth, ta ke N wi th you, that he may eat of
hands, the god speaks to the Field of the Gods. Be strong at what you eat, that he may d rink of what you drink, that
the door of the kas of the horizon-dwellers, for their he may sit on what you sit on, that he may be strong by
doors shall be opened to you, they shall praise you and means of that whereby you are strong, that he may sail in
you shall have power over them ... they go forth and lif t that wherein you sail. N's booth is plaited with rushes,
up their faces, so that they see you before the G reat N's drin k-supply is in the Field of Offerings, his food
God. Min ... you r head . Someone stands behind you, and su pplies are with the gods, and N's water is the wine of
you have power; you shall neither perish nor be de Re; he goes rou nd about the sky and tra vels like Thoth.
stroyed, but you shall act among men and gods. N detests h u nger, and he will not eat it; he detests
thi rst. Bread is given to him by the Lord of Eternity,
who makes an order for him. N was conceived in the
--SPELL 178 -- night, he was born in the morning, he belongs to those
who are in the suite of Re, who are before the Morning
Star; he has brought to you the bread which he has found.
Spell for raising the corpse, for having power in the eyes The Eye of Horus d rips upon the bush of the djenu
and ears and for making the head firm when it has plant, the Foremost of the Westerners comes for him
been set in its proper place and brings provisions to Horus who presides over the
houses. What he lives on, N lives on; what he drinks of, N
Take to you rself the Eye of Horus for which you have drinks of ; the shin of beef is on the altar of the roast
asked, namely a funeral m eal. meat, and N is vindicated, even he who is favoured by
Rejoice, 0 you who use the hoe! Lift up the heart so Anu bis who is on his mountai n.
as to cleanse the breast, that you may swallow the bright Ho N! Such is your good repute in which you were
Eye of Horus which is in Heliopolis and drive out what is held on earth; you are alive and young every day. Your
in the belly of Osiris ... N shall not be hu ngry, he shall vision is cleared, you are the Lord of the Horizon, and he
not be thirsty, for Ha has saved him and removed his gives you bread in its due hour, and his nightly por tion.
hunger, and hearts are :filled, are :filled. Horus has protected you, he has destroyed the jaws of your
0 you who are in charge of food and attend to sup plies enemies, he has arrested the thief at the door of his lair.
of drink, N is commended to the House of Bread ... Re Ho N! you have no enemies in the Mansion of the
himself commended him; Re commends him to those who Great One, the balance is true as regards your deeds ...
are in charge of food-supplies for this year. They seize and for Osiris, Lord of Provisions for the West. May you go i n
give to him barley and emmer, for th is bread of his belongs at will, may you see the Great God in his shape; may there
to the Great Bull. May you give to N :five loaves in the be gien to you life for your nose and triumph over you r
temple, for three loaves are in the sky with Re and two enemies.
loaves are on earth with the Enneads. Nun departs and sees Ho N ! Your detestation is lies, and the Lords of
Re, and it goes well with N on this happy day. N is u nder Offerings will be gracious to you on that night of silence
the command of Shu and Isis and is u nited happily with and weeping . Sweet life i s given to you from the mouths of
his god. They give bread and beer to N, and they make for the Ennead, and Thoth is pleased about it. May you be
him everything good and pure on this happy day. triumphant over your enemies, 0 N; Nut has spread
A meal for the guide who travels, a meal of the Eye of herself over you in her name of Her of Shetpet, and she
Horus! A meal for all who go in and see the god ! May will cause you to be in the suite of the Great God. You
you have power over water, may your shin of beef be on have no enemies, and she will save you from all things
the altar of roast meat -four handfuls of water - accord evil in her name of 'Great Well', for you are the greatest of
ing to the command of Osiris for N; Shu has ordered her children.
meals for N. That is your bread and beer. 0 you who are in charge of the hours, who are before
Awake, 0 Judge! Be high, 0 Thoth ! Awake, you Re, make a path for N that he may pass within the circle
sleepers! Rouse up, 0 you who are within! Offerings of Osiris, Lord of Ankh-tawy, living for ever.
shall be given to you in the presence of Thoth, the Great 0 N, be happy in the suite of Nefertum, the lolus
One who went up from the Nile, and of Wepwawet who bloom at the nose of Re ... cleansed in the presence of the
issued fom Tama risk-town. N's mouth is pure, the gods, that you may see Re for ever.
Ennead has censed N's mouth, and truly pu re are his
mou th and the tongue which is in his mouth. What N
detests is faeces, he rejects u rine, even as Seth rejected it.
0 you two Companions who cross the sky, na mely

L76
 --SPELL 179 - Majesty the King who rules the Silent Land, great prince
of the Wereret- crown, G rea t God whose throne is se
Spell for leaving yes terday and coming into today, cret, Lord of judg ement who is over h is tribu nal.
which he asks for himself and his members How well provided are you, 0 Dweller i n the
Neth erworld! How content arc you!
M y demise was gran ted ye terday, I have retu rned to How well provided are you, 0 Dweller in the Neth
day, 1. have gone forth in m] own shape; I am tousl ed, erworld! The mou rners are dishevelled because of you,
having issued from my imet-tree; M am d ishevelled, they clap their hands because of you, they cry out
having gone forth with my sceptre; I am Lord of the because of you, they lament because of you, they weep
Wereret-crown, a thi rd to Nehebkau; I am the Red One because of you . Bu t you r soul is jo yfu l, you r corpse
whose eye is prot ected. I died yesterday, I retu rned has power, the sou ls of Re are on high i n the West ...
today, and a path has been mad e for me by the door souls when they are set on high i n the cavern of the
keeper of the great arena . I have gone out into the day Nether world , because of the souls of Re who is i n the
against my enem y, and I have power over him ; he has Nether world i n the person of the soul of the An gry
been given over to me and he will not be taken from m One, who rests in the person of his soul.
e, for an end will be pu t to him u nder me in the tribu 0 Osiris, I am a servant of you r chapel which is in
nal, Osiris being in his shroud ... I am a possessor of the midd le of your temple. May you give orders that
blood on the day of com ing into being, I am a you grant to me appearance i n glory to those who are
possesso r of knives and I will not be robbed ; a path is in the Netherworld, the great star who bri ngs what is h
prepared for me, I am the em balmer- scri be of Her is to the Neth erworld, who travels over what is in i t,
who is in date wine, and there is brough t to me what the son of Re who issu ed from Atum. I rest in the
appertains to the great Red Crown. The great Red Netherwo r ld, I have power in the dark ness, I go i n
Crown has been given to me, and I go out into the day and out of i t. The arms of Tatenen are what receive me
against yond er enem y of mine so that I may fetch him, and raise me u p. 0 you who are at peace, give me you r
for I have power over h im; he has been given over to arms, for I know the spells for guidance; guid e me.
me and he shall not be taken from me, for an end will Praise to you who are at peace; give praise joyfully. 0
be pu t to him u nder me in the tribu nal. I will eat h im Re, be praised through me like Osiris. I have perpetu
in the Grea t Field upon the altar of Wad jet, for I have ated you r offerings for you, that you may have power
power over him as Sakhm et the Great. I am a th rough you r gifts, just as Re decreed for me. I am the
possessor of being, to m e belongs the shape of every guard ian, I am h is heir u pon earth. Prepare a path for me,
god when they go rou nd about ... 0 you who are at peace; see, I enter into the Netherworld,
I open up the beautiful West, I make firm the staff of
Orion and the wig-cover of Him whose name is hidd en.
--SPELL 180 - Look at m e, 0 you who are at peace, you gods who
guide Him of the Netherworld. See, I take m y powers,
Spell for going out i n to the day, worshippi ng Re in having appeared as m aster of the mysteries; save me
the West, giving praise to those who are in the from the wh ipping-posts and the ropes of the wh ipping
Netherworld; opening a path for a worthy spi rit who is posts; you shall not bind me to you r whippin g-posts,
in the realm of the dead, granti ng him h is you shall not give me over to the place of punishment.
m ovements, extend ing his strides, going in and out of I am the heir of Osiris, I have recei ved his wig-cover
the realm of the dead, and taking shape as a living in the Netherworld ; look at me, for I have appeared in
soul. glory in com ing forth from your body, I have become
0 Re, you who go to rest as Osiris wi th all the ap his father, and he applauds . Look at me, rejoice over
pearings in glory of the spirits and gods of the West; you me, for behold, I am on high, I have come into being,
are the h idden one of the N etherworld, the holy soul one who provides his own shape; open a path to my
at the head of the West, Wen nef er who shall exist for soul, stand at your proper places, let me be at peace
ever and ever. in the beau tif ul West, open a place for me among
How well provided are you, 0 Dweller in the Neth you. Open you r paths, draw back you r bolts. 0 Re
erworld! You r son Horus is pleased about you, and he who guides this land , you arc the guide of souls, you
has taken over the governance; may you permit him to are the leader of the gods. I am the keeper of the gate,
appear to those who are in the Netherworld, even he the who ushers i n those who are to be ushered in; I am
great star who brin gs what is his to the Netherworld, one who guards the por tals and who sets the gods in
and who traverses the place wh ere they are as the son of their places; I am one who is in his proper place in the
Re who went forth from Atu m. Netherworld; I am the sur veyor who is in charge of
How well provided are you, 0 Dweller in the Neth the surveyors; to me belong
erworld ! You r stepped throne is in the m idst, 'o
You r
19
1776
,..
11

H
--
t
a.

Spell 183 The ibis-headed Thoth offers the signs for 'all life
and dominion' to an unseen Osiris. 990 112

Spell 182 The mummy of M utheteptz lies m a shrzne on a lzon-

form bed beneath which are containers. At her head stand
Nephthys, lmsety and Qebehsenuef, at herfoot Im, Hapy and
Duamutef Abo'l·,e and below Sil or stand protective deities
brand1shmg snakes
,md lizards - symbols of regeneration -and knives. 100 I0/3

L78
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the lim its of the Netherworld; I am one who is at peace in the He will not die and you will not die; He will triumph over h is
Silent Land, I have made for myself offerings in the West wit h the enemies
souls who are among the gods. I am the guardian of Re, I am the And you will trium ph over you r enemies; Nothing evil will come
mysterious phoenix, I am one who goes i n that I may rest in the into being against him,
Netherworld, and who ascends peacefully to the sky. I am Lord of And noth ing evil will come into being against you for ver and
the Cel estial Expanses, I travel through the lower sky in the train ever.
of Re; m y offerings in the sky are in the Field of Re, my gif ts on Hail to you, Osiris, son of Nut, possessor of horns, whose Atef-
earth are in the Field of Rushes. I tra verse the Netherworld after crown is tall, to whom the Wereret-crown and crook have been
the manner of Re, I give jud gement like Thoth, I walk and am given in the presence of the Ennead ; the awe of whom Atum
glad, I run at my own pace in my dignity of one whose affai rs are created in the hearts of men, gods, spirits and the dead ; to whom
secret, my shape is that of the dou ble god Horus-Seth. I am in the crook was given in Heliopolis; great of shape in Busiris; Lord of
charge of the gifts to the gods of the Netherworld, one who gives Fear in the Two Mou nds, greatly dreaded in Rosetjau ; Lord of
food-offerings to the spirits; I am one stout of heart, smiting my fair remem brance in the Castle, who greatly appeared in glory in
enemies. 0 you gods and spirits who are before Re and who follow Abydos; to whom vindication was given in the presence of the
after his soul, usher me in at you r usherings, for you are those Ennead ; who protects the great powers; the dread of whom
who guide Re, who usher in those who are in the sky, and I am a pervades the land ; on whom men wait, the Elders being on their
soul who is holy in the West. mats . Monarch of the gods of the Netherworld, great Power in
--SPELL 181 -- the sky who rules the livi ng, King of those who are yonder, who
Spell for going into the tribunal of Osiris and the gods who govern glorifies thousands in Kheraha, at whom the sun-folk rejoice;
the Netherworld, who guard their gates, who make report possessor of choice morsels in the Upper Houses, for whom a
concerning their courts, who keep the doors of the portals of the shin of beef is prepared in Memphis; for whom the night-ritual is
West; for taking shape as a living soul, worshipping Osiris, and performed in Letopolis.
becom ing an Elder of the tribu nal. You are a Great One whose strength is mighty, and you r son
Hail to you, Foremost of the Westerners, Wennefer, Lord of the Horus is you r protector ; he will remove all evil which is on you .
Sacred Land ! You have appeared in glory like Re, and behold, he Your flesh is knit together for you, your mem bers are recreated
has come to see you and to re joice at seeing you r beauty. for you, you r bones are reassem bled for you, and there is
His sun-d isc is your sun-disc; His rays are your rays; brought to you ... Rise up, Osiris; I have given you my hand and
His crown is your crown; have caused you to stand up living for ever. Geb has wiped your
His greatness is your greatness; mouth for you, the Great Ennead calls on you ... when they travel
His appearings are your appearings; His bea uty is you r beauty; protected to the gate of the Netherworld. You r mother Nut has
His majesty is you r majesty; His savour is your savour; His extent put her arms about you that she may protect you, and she will
is you r extent; His seat is you r seat; continuaJly guard you, even you the high-born. You r sisters Isis
His th rone is your th rone; and Nephthys will come to you, they will enfold you with life,
His heritage is you r heritage ; His panoply is you r panoply ; His pros perity and health, and you wiJI be glad through them; they
destiny is you r destiny; His West is you r West; (will rejoice) over you throu gh Jove of you. They will enclose
His goods are you r goods; His wisdom is you r wisdom; everything for you within your arms; the gods, the lords of kas will
His distinction is you r distinction ; care for you, and they will worship you for ever.
He who should protect himself does indeed protect himself - Happy are you, 0 Osiris! You have appeared in glory, you have
And vice versa. power, you are a spirit; you have made you r shape everlasting,
and you r face is that of Anubis. Re rejoices over you and he is
well disposed towards your beauty. You have seated yourself on
you r pure throne which Geb, who loves you, made for you; you
receive him i n you r arms in the West, you cross the sky daily, you
convey him to his mother Nut when he goes to rest daily in the
West in the Bark of Re, together with Horus who loves you. The
protection of Re is your safe guard, the power of Thoth is behind
you, and the spells of Isis pervade your mem bers .

180
I have come to you, 0 Lord of the Sacred Land, Osi ris Foremost gu ides sky, earth and the Netherworld ; who nourishes the sun-
of the Westerners, Wennefer who wi ll exist for ever and ever. folk. I give breath to him w ho is in the secret places by means of the
My heart is true, my hands are clean, I bring a meal to its ownerpower which is on my mouth, and Osiris is triu mphant over h is
and offerings to him who made them. Iha ve come here to you r enemies.
towns,Ihave done what is good on earth, Ihave smitten you r Ihave come to you, 0 Lord of the Sacred Land, Osiris the Bull of the
enem ies for you as bu lls, I have slain cattle for you, and I cause
West, and I have m ade you flourishing for ever, Igrant eternity as a
them to fall on their faces before you. I have pu rified you r protection for you r mem bers.
pu re place, T have cleansed you r lustral basin, I have wrun g Ihave come to you bearin g the amulet which is in my hand, my
the necks of birds upon you r altar for the benefit of you r soul,
protection for the daily cou rse . Protection and life are about him,
of you r powers, and of the gods and goddesses whG are in namely th is god who guards h is ka, King of the Netherworld, Ruler
your suite. of the West, who takes possession of the sky in vindication, whose
As for him who knows this book, nothin g evil shall have power Atef-crown is firm, who appears in the White Crown, having grasped
over him, he shall not be turned away at the gates of the West; the crook and the flail ; whose power is great and whose Wereret-
he shall go in and out, and bread and beer and all good things crown is m ighty. He has assem bled all the gods, for love has
shall be given to him in the presence of those who are i n the pervaded thei r bod ies for Wen nefer, who shall exist for ever and
Netherworld. ever.
Hail to you, Foremost of the Westerners, who re fash ioned m
--SPELL 182-- ankind, who comes as one rejuvenated in his time, better than he
[illustrated pp. 178-9] was formerly! You r son Horus is you r protector, in the function of
Atu m ; you r face is potent, 0 Wennefer. Raise you rself, 0 Bull of
Book for the permanence of Osiris, giving breath to the Inert the West, be firm as you were firm in the wom b of you r mother
One in the presence of Thoth, and repelling the enemy of Osiris, Nut. She enfolds you, even you who issued from her; may your
who comes yonder in his various shapes; the safeguard ing, heart be firm in its place, may you r hea rt be like it was before, may
protection and defence in the realm of the dead which Thoth you r nose endure with life and dominion, you being alive, renewed
himself has carried out in order that the sunlight might rest and youn g like Re every day. Great, great in triumph is Osiris - may
on him every day. he end ure in life.
I am Thoth the skilled scribe whose hands are pu re, a I am Thoth; I have pacified Horus, I have calmed the Rivals i n their
possessor of pu rity, who drives away evi l, who writes what is time of raging; I have come and have washed away the blood, I have
true, who detests falsehood, whose pen defends the Lord of calmed the tumult and have elim inated everyth ing evil.
All ; master of laws who interprets writings, whose words I am Thoth; I have performed the night-ritual in Letopolis.
establish the Two Lands. I am Thoth; I have come today from Pe and Dep, I have cond ucted
I am the Lord of Justice, one truly precise to the gods, who the oblations, I have given bread -offeri ngs as gif ts to the spirits, I
judges a ma tter so that i t may contin ue in being; who have guard ed the elbow of Osiris whom I embalmed and I have
vindicates him whose voice is hushed ; who dispels darkness sweetened his odour like a pleasant smell.
and clears away the storm. I have gi ven the sweet breath of I am Thoth; I have come today from Kheraha, I have knotted the
the north wind to Osiris Wen nefer as when he went forth from cord and have pu t the ferry-boat in good order, I have fetched East
the wom b of her who bore him; I cause Re to go to rest as and West, I am u plif ted on my standard higher than any god in this
Osiris, Osiris having gone to rest at the going to rest of Re; I m y name of Him whose face is on high ; I have opened those thin gs
cause him to go in to the secret cavern i n order to revive the wh ich are good in this my name of Wepwawet; I have given praise
heart of the Inert One, the Holy Soul at the head of the West. and have mad e homage to Osiris Wennefer, who shall exist for ever
Accla mation for the Inert One, Wen nefer the son of Nut! and ever.
I am Thoth, the favoured of Re; Lord of strength who ennobles
him who made him; great of magic i n the Bark of Millions of
Years; master of laws who makes the Two Lands content;
whose power protects her who bore him ; who gets rid of
noise and quells uproar; who does what Re in his shrine
approves.
I am Thoth who made Osiris triu mphant over h is enemies .
I am Thoth who foretells the morrow and foresees the future,
whose act cannot be brought to naght; who

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Spell 185 The deceased and his wife stand with 4arms raised m adoration before a heaped offering-table and
a shrine topped by an archaicfalcon m which sits Osms. Unusually, the god is not depicted wrapped like a
mummy. Behmd him stands Im; before lnm 1s the imywet-fetish of Anubis. 1047811
183
--SPELL 183--
[illustrated p.178] widespread. The kingship of Geb has been given to you, for he is
your father who created your bea uty. It was you r mother Nut
Worshipping Osiris, giving praise to him and homage to Wen who bore the gods who brought you r bod y into being, who bore
nefer, doing obeisance to the Lord of the Sacred Land, exaltin g you as the greatest of the Five Gods, who made the White Crown
Him who is on his sand, by N. H e says: I have come to you, 0 Son firm on your head, and you grasped the crook and the flail while
of Nut, Osiris, Ruler of Eter nity; l am i n the suite of Thoth, and I you were yet io the wom b, before you had come forth on earth.
am joyful because of all that he has done. He brings to you sweet You have appeared as Lord of the Two Lands, and the Atef-crown
air for your nose, life and dominion for your face, and fair is the of Re is on you r brow; the gods come to you bowing down, and
north wind which goes forth from Atum to your nostrils, 0 Lord the fear of you pervades their bodies; they see you in the dignity of
of the Sacred Land. He causes the sun to shine on you r breast, Re, and the dread of Your Majesty is in their hearts. Life is
he illumines the dark way for you, he removes the evil which is with you, food follows after you, and Truth is presented before
on you r bod y by means of the power which is on his mouth. He you.
has pacified the Rival Gods for you, he has stopped the raging May you let me be in Your Majesty's suite as when I was on earth ;
and the tu mult for you, he has made the Rivals well-d isposed to may my soul be summoned, and may it find you beside the Lords
you, and the Two Lands are peacefully reconciled before you ; he of Truth . I come from the city of the god, the pri meval region ;
has driven anger from their hearts for you, and they fraternise soul, ka and spirit are what is in this land. Such is its god, namely
with each other. You r son Horus is vindicated in the presence of the lord of Truth, possessor of provisions, rich in precious things,
the entire Ennead ; the king ship over the land has been given to he to whom every land is drawn. Upper Egypt comes downstream
him, and his uraeus pervad es the entire land. The throne of Geb to Lower Egypt with wind and oar to make it festive with gifts, in
has been allotted to him, and the potent office of Atum has been accordance with what its god commanded; as for anyone who
confirmed in writing in a testament which has been en graved on rests within it, he will never have to express a wish . Happy is he
a block of sandstone, according as your father Ptah-Tatenen com who does what is right for the god in it; he will grant old age to him
manded from upon the great throne. His brother has been set who does it u ntil he reaches the blessed state, and the end of this
for him upon the Supports of Shu, raisin g up water to the mou is a happy burial in the Sacred Land.
ntai ns i n order to m ake flourishing what comes out on the I come to you with my hands beari ng Truth, and my heart has no
desert and the fru it which comes forth on the flat-land, and he lies in it. I place Truth before you, for I know that you live by it. I
gives prod uce by water and by land. The gods of the sky and the have done no wrong in this land, and no man will suffer loss of his
gods of the earth have entrusted the earth to your son Horus, possessions.
and they follow to his court; all that he has decreed is in their I am Thoth, the skilled scribe whose hands are pure, the Lord of
sight, and they perform it immediately. purity who drives away evil ; who writes what is true, who detests
Your heart is happy; you r heart, 0 Lord of the Gods, possesses all falsehood, whose pen defends the Lord of All; master of laws who
joy. The Black Land and the Red Land are at peace, and they interprets writings, and whose words have settled the Two Lands.
serve your uraeus; the shrines are made firm in their places, I am Thoth, Lord of Justice, who vindicates him whose voice is
towns and nomes are estab lished by name. They make hushed ; protector of the poor man who has suffered loss of his
presentation to you with god's-offerings; men make offering to property; who dispels darkness and clears away the storm. I have
you r name for ever; men call out praises to you beca use of your (given) breath to Wennefer, even the fair breeze of the north wind,
name; men present libations to your ka and invocation-offerings as when he came forth from his mother's wom b. I have caused
to the spirits who are in you r suite; water is poured over halved him to enter into the secret cavern in order to revive the heart of
bread-cakes for the souls of the dead in this land. Every design of the Inert One, Wennefer the son of Nut, the vin d icated Horus.
you rs is as effective as in its former state; appear, 0 Son of Nut,
as the Lord of All in his glorious appeari ngs, for you are living, --SPELL 185 --
permanent, young and real. Your father Re has made your bod y [illustrated pp.182-3,186]
hale, your Ennead give you praise; Isis is with you and will not
forsake you, and there will be no more felling of you r enemies. Giving praise to Osiris, doing homage to the Lord of Eternity,
The lords of all the lands worship your beauty like Re when he propitiating the god with what he desires, speaking truth to him
shines at dawn. You appear as one upraised on his standard, and who knows its lord.
you r beauty is exalted and

184

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Hail to you, you august, great and potent god, prince for ever, one of the entou rage of Osiris, who goes by night and returns by
foremost of place in the Night-bark, great of glorious appearings day, and no god can be created when I am silent.
in the Day-bark, to whom is given acclamation in sky and earth, --SPELL 189--
whom the patricians and the common folk extol! Great is the Spell for preventin g a man f rom going upside down and from
awe of him in the hearts of men, spirits and the dead; his eating faeces
powers were granted in Mendes, the awe of him in
Heracleopolis, his sacred images are placed in Heliopolis and What I doubly detest, I will not eat; what I detest is faeces, and I
many are his shapes in the Pure Place. will not eat it ; excrement, I will not consume it. It shall not fall
My heart comes to you bearing Truth, my heart has no from my belly, it shall not come near my fingers, and I will not
falseness. May you grant that I be among the living, and- that I touch it with my toes.
fare downstream and upstream in your suite. 'What will you live on', say the gods and spirits to me, 'in this place
to which you have been brou ght ?'
-- SPELL 186-- 'I will live on seven loaves which have been brought to me; four
[illustrated pp.186-7] loaves are with Horus and three loaves with Thoth.'
.' here is it granted to you to eat?' say the gods and sptnts to me.
TEXT ACCOM PA NYIN G A PICTURE OF THE 'I will eat under that sycamore of Hathor , for I have placed my
GODDESS HATHOR portions there for her minstrels. My fields have been assigned to
me in Busiris, my green plants are in Heliopolis, and I will live on
Hathor, Lady of the West; She of the West; Lady of the Sacred bread of white emm er and beer of red barley ; there shall be
Land ; Eye of Re which is on his forehead ; kindly of countenance given to me my father's and my mother's families, and my door-
in the Bark of Millions of Years; a resting place for him who has keeper in respect of my land.'
done right within the boat of the blessed; who built the Great Open to me ; may there be space for me, make a path for me, that
Bark of Osiris in order to cross the water of truth. I may dwell as a living soul in the place which I desire, and I will
not be su bd ued by my enemies. I detest faeces and will not eat it,
--SPELL 187-- I have not gone inf ected into Heliopolis. Be far from me, for I am a
Spell for going in to the Ennead bull whose throne is provided; I have flown up as a swallow, I have
cackled as a goose, I have aligh ted on the beautiful tree which is
Hail to you, Ennead of Re! I have come to you, for I am in the in the middle of the island in the flood. I have gone up and have
suite of Re; prepare a path for me that I may pass among you, alighted on it, and I will not suffer neglect; as for him who dwells
for I will not be turned away because of what I have done this und er it, he is a great god . What I detest, I will not eat; what I
day. detest is faeces, and I will not eat it; what my ka detests is faeces,
and it shall not enter into my body, I will not approach it with my
-- SPELL 188-- hands, I will not tread on it with my sandals. I will not flow for you
Sending a soul, building tomb-chambers, and going out into the into a bowl, I will not empty out for you into a basin, ... I will not
day among men take anything from upon the banks of your ponds, I will not depart
upside down
In peace, 0 Anubis! It goes well with the son of Re at peace with for you.
my Sacred Eye; may you glorify my soul and my shade, that they Overleaf: Spells 185 and 186 On the left, in a shrine topped by a f
may see Re by means of what he brings. I ask that I may come alcon head and afrieze of cobras, stands thefalcon-head ed,
and go and that I may have power in my feet so that this person mummiformfunerary god Sokar-Osiris holding crook,flail and was
may see him in any place where he is, in my nature, in my scep tre (Spell 185). To the right, behind a heaped offering-table,
wisdom, and in the true shape of my equipped and divine spirit. stands the hipp opotamus-goddess Opet wearing horns and disc,
It shines as Re, it travels as Hathor. Therefore you have granted resting on a sa-amulet, a sign of protection, and offe rmg life and
that my oul and my shade may walk on their feet to the place a flam e to the deceased (see Spell J 37B). Behind her Hathor as a
where this person is, so that he may stand, sit and walk, and cow wearing a menat-collar emergesf rom the Western M
enter into his chapel of eternity, because I am ountain, on
whose slopes is Ani'spy ramid-capped tomb chapel, mto the
dumps of papyru s whichf ringe the Nile Valley (Sp ell 186).
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Thus says that one who cannot count: 'What will you live on in 'Under the branches of the djebat-nefret tree beside ...
this land to which you have come so that you may be a spirit?' to which I have been taken.'
'I will live on bread of black barley and beer of white emmer, Thus says that one who cannot count: 'Will you live on someone
four loaves being in the Field of Offerings, for I am more else's goods every day ?'
distinguished than any god. I will have four loaves daily and four I say to him : 'I plough the lands which are in the Field of Rushes.'
portions of roast meat in Helio polis, for I am more Thus says that one who cannot count: 'Who will guard them for
distinguished than any god.' you ?'
Thus says that one who cannot count: 'Who will bring it to you, I say to him: 'It is the twin children of the King of Lower Egypt who
and where will you eat?' will look after them.'
'Upon that pu re river-bank on the day when I have brightened 'Who will plough them for you ?'
my teeth with myrrh.' 'The greatest of the gods of the sky and of the gods of the earth.
Thus says that one who cannot count : 'What will you live on in Men will thresh for me as for the Apis-bull who presides over Sais,
this land to which you have come so that you may be a spirit ?' men will reap for me as for Seth, Lord of the Northern Sky.'
'I will live on those seven loaves; four loaves are brought from 0 you who turn back the ished-tree on you r own account, who
the house of Horus and three loaves from the house of Thoth.' uproot falsehood, whose faces are pu re, shall I be with the
Thus says that one who cannot count: 'Who will bring them to confederates of Seth on the mountain of Bakh u ? I will dwell with
you ?' those potent noble dead in order to excavate the pool of Osiris and
'A nurse from the house of the Great One and a stewardess from to rub (his) heart, and there shall be no accusation against me, N,
Heliopolis.' by any living person.
'Where will you eat them ?'
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