1 MICROORGANISM :- FRIEND AND FOE.

Q1. What are antibiotics, and how do they help us?

Q2. Explain the process of nitrogen fixation.

Q3. How do vaccines help prevent diseases?

Q4. What are some common food preservation methods that

prevent microbial disease?

Q5. Why are viruses considered non living?

Q6. Discuss the role of microorganism in the environment including

their benefits and drawbacks.

Q7. Explain the causes, symptoms and prevention of two common

diseases caused by microorganisms.

Q8. How can we protect ourselves from the harmful effects of

microorganisms?

Q9. What are pathogens? Give examples.

Q10. How do microorganism help in the decomposition of dead

organisms?

Q11. Give reason for the following statements:-

a. Microorganisms are found everywhere in nature.

b. Yeast is used in the preparation of bread.
c. Vaccines induced immunity against diseases in the
body.
d. The mode of transmittion of malaria disease is
mosquito.
e. Drying removes moisture from food.

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Q12. Why are viruses considered a link between living and non living
organisms?

Q13. Seema is suffering from vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Her

mother takes her to a doctor. The doctor examines her and
diagnoses food poisioning. He prescribes her X and some injections.

a. Identify X that is given by the doctor to Seema.

b. Define X
c. How is X produced?

Q14. Explain the usefulness of microorganism in the medicine

industry.

Q15. What are the harmful effects of microorganisms? Explain with

examples.

Q16. What are vaccines? How does it work?

Q17. Partial sterilization of products such as milk at a high

temperature is known as_____. (tick the correct option)

a. Pasteurization
b. Filtration
c. Pickling
d. Refrigeration

Q18. The pathogens are ________ causing microorganisms.

Q19. Name the deadly disease which is caused by parasitic

microorganism called plasmodium.

Q20. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while

taking antibiotics?

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2. COMBUSTION AND FLAME
Q1. What are the three essential requirements for combustion?

Q2. Explain the difference between a luminous flame and a non

luminous flame.

Q3. How does a fire extinguisher work?

Q4. Describe the different zones of candle flame and their

characteristics.

Q5. Why it is dangerous to sleep in a closed room with a burning coal

fire?

Q6. What is the difference between rapid combustion and

explosion?

Q7. Name the most common fuel used in homes.

Q8. Name the most common fire extinguishers.

Q9. What are the states in which a fuel may exist?

Q10. Name any two combustible substances.

Q11. How are heat and light produced in the sun?

Q12. What is deforestation?

Q13. What is combustion?

Q14. Define explosion.

Q15. Explain the different zones of a candle flame with the help of a
diagram.

Q16. Give reason for the following statements:-

a. White phosphorus is stored in water.

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 b. Oxygen is the supporter of combustion.
c. We should not use water as fire extinguisher in fires
caused by oil and petroleum.
d. The ignition temperature of an ideal fuel is greater
than room temperature.
e. CNG is a cleaner fuel.

Q17. What is combustion? Explain its types.

Q18. What are combustible and inflammable substances?

Q19. Name the gas that produced during burning of coal is

responsible for causing acid rain.

Q20. _________zone of a candle flame is the coolest region.

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 3. REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

Q1. Define reproduction.

Q2. What are the two main modes of reproduction in animals?

Explain.

Q3. Explain the process of fertilization.

Q4. What is the difference between oviparous and viviparous

animals?

Q5. What is the role of hormones in reproduction?

Q6. Explain the process of metamorphosis.

Q7. What is the function of the placenta in mammals?

Q8. What is the difference between external and internal

fertilization?

Q9. What is asexual reproduction? Give examples.

Q10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual

reproduction?

Q11. What is the role of the testes in male reproduction?

Q12. What is the role of the ovaries in female reproduction?

Q13. What is menstrual cycle?

Q14. What is the difference between a zygote and an embryo?

Q15. What is the role of the uterus in female reproduction?

Q16. Case 1. The case of the missing tadpoles.

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Scenario:- A group of students conducted an experiment to observe
frog metamorphosis. They collected fertilized frog eggs from a local
pond and placed them in an aquarium with clean water and aquatic
plants. After a few weeks, they noticed that the eggs hatched, but
the tadpoles mysteriously disappeared.

(A). What are the possible reasons for the disappearance of the
tadpoles? Consider factor like water quality, predation, disease and
environmental conditions.

Q17. Describe the process of sexual reproduction in humans,

highlighting the role of hormones and importance of gamete
formation.

Q18. What are sperm and ovum? Explain.

Q19. Describe the male reproductive organs with the help of a well
labeled diagram.

Q20. Describe the female reproductive organs with the help of a

labeled diagram.

Q21. What is budding? Explain.

Q22. Explain how amoeba reproduce? Or explain in brief the process

of binary fission.

Q23. How are babies produced through IVF technique? What are
such babies called?

Q24. Although two cells called gamete fuse, the product formed is
the single cell called zygote. Justify.

Q25. The eggs of frogs do not have shells for protection yet they are
safe in water. How?

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Q26. Mother give birth to a baby but the baby have characters for
both the parents. How?

Q27. Why do only male gametes have a tail?

Q28. Through hen and frog both are oviparous but they have
different types of fertilization. Justify.

Q29. How does twinning occurs during sexual reproduction?

Q30. Ram with his family went to a picnic spot near a pond. He saw
some jellies like mass floating on the sides of the pond. He asked
about this to his father. His father explained him that these are frog’s
egg and are millions in number. Ram wondered if all of them get
hatched, what will happen t other aquatic animals?

a. What type of fertilization is shown by frog?

b. Why do frog lay eggs in large amount?
c. Is Ram’s concern about hatching of too many eggs at a
time will effect the aquatic animals. Correct? Why?

Q30. Where does the fusion of male and female gamete generally
take place in humans?

a. Oviduct
b. Ovary
c. Uterus
d. Zygote

Q31. Metamorphosis in frogs is controlled by the hormone _______.

Q32. Give two examples in which fertilization takes place.

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4. REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE

Q1. What is adolescence?

Q2. What are the physical changes that occur during adolescence?

Q3. What are the emotional changes that occur during adolescence?

Q4. What are the social changes that occur during adolescence?

Q5. What are some of the challenges that adolescents face?

Q6. How can adolescents cope with the challenges of adolescence?

Q7. What are some of the positive aspects of adolescence?

Q8. How can parents and other adults help adolescents through this
stage of life?

Q9. What are some of the important things that adolescents should
learn during this time?

Q10. A. Why do adolescents experience increased oil production,

acne and changes in skin texture?

B. What are some healthy ways to manage these skin changes?

Q11. A. Explain the physiological reasons behind voice changes in

both boys and girls.

B. How can adolescents cope with the temporary voice change?

Q12. Case 1: “the growing pains of Maya”

Scenario: Maya, a 13 year old girl, has been experiencing rapid

growth in height recently. She feels awkward and clumsy and her
mood seems to swing widely. She has also noticed changes in her
body such as the development of breasts and the onset of

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menstruation. Maya is finding it difficult to concentrate on her
studies and feels self-conscious around her peers.

a. What physical changes is Maya likely experiencing?

b. Why might Maya be feeling awkward and clumsy?
c. How might these physical and emotional changes be
affecting Maya’s schoolwork and social life?
d. What advice would you give to Maya to help her cope
with these changes?
e. How can her parents and teachers support her during
this time?

Q13. Case 2: Alex and the peer pressure dilemma.

Scenario: Alex, a 14 years old boy, is feeling immense pressure from

his friends to start smoking. He knows that smokings is harmful but
he doesn’t want to be left out of the group. He’s worried that if he
refuses, he’ll lose his friend’s respect.

a. What are the potential consequences of Alex giving

into peer pressure?
b. How can Alex assert himself and resist peer pressure?
c. What strategies can Alex use to maintain his
friendships while staying true to his values?
d. How can parents and educators help adolescents like
Alex navigate peer pressure situations?

Q14. Case 3: “Rishi’s identity crisis”

Scenario: Rishi, a 15 year old boy, is struggling to figure out who he

is. He’s experimenting with different styles of clothing,music and
hobbies, but he feels confused and uncertain about his future. He
often questions his values and beliefs.

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 a. What is an identity crisis and why is it common during
adolescence?
b. How can Rishi explore his identity in a healthy way?
c. What role can family and friends play in supporting
Rishi’s identity development?
d. What resources are available to help adolescents
navigate identity exploration.

Q15. Case4: “the impact of social media on Sarah”

Scenario: Sarah a 13 yr old girl spends a significant amount of time

on social media. She often compares herself to others and feels
inadequate when she sees photos of her friends having fun without
her. She’s also concerned about cyberbulling and online predators.

a. What are the potential positive and negative impacts

of social media on adolescents?
b. How can Sarah use social media in a healthy and
responsible way?
c. What strategies can sarah use to protect herself from
cyberbulling and online dangers?
d. How can parents and educators help adolescents
develop healthy social media habits?

Q17. The changes which occur during adolescence in the human

body are controlled by hormones. Hormones are secreted by glands
called ductless glands or endocrine glands. Endocrine glands induces
pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and adrenal. The pituitary gland also
called the master gland because it controls the activities of other
glands. In insects, metamorphosis is controlled by insect hormones.
In the case of frogs, it is controlled by thyroxin hormone. When a
person is suffering from sugar problems it means that his pancreas is
not producing sufficient quantities of insulin hormone.

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 a. What are hormones?
b. Which gland is also called the master gland and why?
c. What is the role of the pancreas in a diabetic patient?

Q17. Give the location and function of thyroid, pancreas and adrenal
gland.

Q18. The male hormone is:

a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d. All of the above.

Q19. List changes in the body that takes place at puberty.

Q20. What are hormones? How does the endocrine system function?

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 5. SOUND

Q1. How is sound produced?

Q2. What is the role of a medium in sound propogation?

Q3. Can sound travel in a vacuum?

Q4. What is frequency? Unit of frequency?

Q5. What is time period?

Q6. What is amplitude?

Q7. How do frequency and amplitude relate to pitch and sound?

Q8. How do we hear sound?

Q9. What is noise pollution?

Q10. Define sound and explain how it is produced?

Q11. What are the three major characteristics of sound?

Q12. Distinguish between music and noise?

Q13. Explain the human ear and its functioning.

Q14. What is the audible range of frequencies for humans?

Q15. How does noise pollution affect human health?

Q16. What are some ways to control noise pollution?

Q17. Why cant we hear an astronaut talking on the moon?

Q18. Explain the difference between pitch and loudness.

Q19. How is the loudness of sound measured?

Q20. Case 1: the mysterious silence

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Scenario: a group of astronauts landed on a newly discovered planet.
They were excited to explore but quickly realized something strange:
they couldn’t hear each other speak.

a. Why couldn’t the astronauts hear each other on this

planet?
b. What property of sound is crucial for its propagation?
c. Could the astronauts communicate with each other on
this planet using other means?

Q21. Case 2: the echo in the cave

Scenario: a group of explorers ventured deep into a cave. As they

explored, they noticed that every sound they made echoed loudly
and repeatedly within the cave.

a. What is echo?
b. Why did the explorers hear multiple echoes in the
cave?
c. How can the distance to a reflecting surface be
determined using the time taken for an echo to return?

Q22. Case 3: the concert dilemma

Scenario: the rock concert was held in a small town while the music
was enjoyed by many, residents living near the venue complained
about the loud noise disturbing their sleep and causing discomfort.

a. What is noise pollution?

b. What are the potential health effects of prolonged
exposure to loud noise?
c. Suggest some ways to mitigate noise pollution in this
situation.

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Q23. ________ is the frequency of sound, the ________will be its
pitch.

Q24. What is the SI unit of frequency?

Q25. A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 sec. Find its time period and
frequency.

Q26. What is noise pollution? Write two measures to reduce noise

pollution.

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 6. LIGHT

Q1. What is light?

Q2. What is reflection of light?

Q3. What are the laws of reflection?

Q4. What is a mirror?

Q5. What are the different types of mirrors?

Q6. What is a lens?

Q7. What are the different types of lenses?

Q8. How does the human eye works?

Q9. What are the common eye defects?

Q10. What is the Braille system?

Q11. Explain the phenomenon of reflection with the help of a

diagram.

Q12. Describe the structure and function of human eye.

Q13. Explain the causes and correction of myopia and

hypermetropia.

Q14. What is dispersion of light? Explain with an example.

Q15. Case 1: the mystery of the disappearing coin.

Scenario: Anika and her friends were playing a game with a coin and
a glass of water. They placed the coin at the bottom of the glass and
then slowly poured water into it. As the water level rose the coin
seemed to disappear! Anika was curious to know why this happened.

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 a. What phenomenon is responsible for the coin’s
apparent disappearance?
b. Explain how this phenomenon occurs with the help of a
diagram.
c. If Anika used a colored liquid instead of water would
the coin still diappear? Why or why not?
d. Can you think of other real life situations where this
phenomenon can be observed?

Q16. Case 2: the colorful rainbow.

Scenario: during a rainy day Rohan noticed a beautiful rainbow in the

sky. He was fascinated by the seven colors that seemed to appear
out of nowhere. He wondered how the rainbow was formed and why
it always appeared in an arc shape.

a. What is the phenomenon that causes the formation of

a rainbow?
b. Explain the process of rainbow formation with the help
of a diagram.
c. Why does a rainbow appear in an arc shape?
d. Under what conditions is it possible to see a rainbow?

Q17. Case 2: the eye doctor’s visit.

Scenario: Samir had been having trouble reading the blackboard at

school. He would often squint and strain his eyes to see the words.
His parents took him to the eye doctor who diagnosed him with
myopia. The doctor prescribed glasses with concave lenses to correct
his vision.

a. What is myopia?
b. Explain how concave lens help to correct myopia.

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 c. If Samir’s glasses had convex lens instead of concave
lens, would his vision improve? Why or why not?
d. What are some other common eye defects and how
are they corrected?

Q18. Case 4: the amazing kaleidoscope.

Scenario: Neha’s aunt gifted her a kaleidoscope on her birthday.

Neha was amazed by the beautiful and intricate patterns. She saw
when she looked through the kaleidoscope. She wondered how such
simple objects could create such mesmerizing designs.

a. What is a kaleidoscope?
b. Explain the principle behind the working of a
kaleidoscope.
c. How do the mirrors in a kaleidoscope create the
pattern that Neha sees?
d. Can you think of other devices that use mirrors and the
principle of reflection to create images.

Q19. Explain the phenomenon of reflection of light.

Q20. The phenomenon of interchange of the left side and right side
between the object and its image is called _______.

Q21. ________ is a part of human eye at the junction of the optic

nerve and the retina where there is no vision possible.

Q22. In case of reflection of light the angle of incidence (i) and the
angle of reflection (r) are related as

a. i=r
b. i<r
c. i>r
d. no definite relation

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 7. SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA

Q1. What are some common natural phenomena you observe in

your daily life?

Q2. How do natural phenomena impact the environment and human

society?

Q3. Can you think of a natural phenomena that have both positive
and negative effects?

Q4. What causes lightning and thunder?

Q5. How does lightning protect buildings?

Q6. What safety precautions would you take during a thunderstorm?

Q7. What are earthquakes and what causes them?

Q8. How are earthquake measured?

Q9. What are some of the dangers associated with earthquakes?

Q10. How can communities prepare for earthquakes?

Q11. How are volcanoes formed?

Q12. What are the different types of volcanic eruptions?

Q13. What are the benefits and risks of living near a volcano?

Q14. What are some different types of natural disasters?

Q15. How do natural disasters affect communities?

Q16. What can be done to reduce the impact of natural disasters?

Q17. How do natural phenomena shape the earth’s surface?

Q18. How do humans study and predict natural phenomena?

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Q19. What is the role of technology in understanding and managing
natural phenomena?

Q20. List any three causes and effects of an earthquake.

Q21. The power of an earthquake is expressed in terms of magnitude

on a scale called ________.

a. Quake scale.
b. Earth scale.
c. Richter scale.
d. None of the above.

Q22. Suggest two measures to protect ourselves from lightning.

“Successis not final, failure is not fatal: it is the

courage to continue that counts.”
----Winston Churchill.
All the very best for exams.

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