Islamic University of Technology (IUT)

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Electronics Laboratory

Name:………………………………….Student No …………… Section .........Group…… Date……

Course: EEE 4504 (Power Electronics Lab)

Experiment no.: 04

Name of the experiment: Study of different types of Single Phase Inverter Circuits.

Theory of Inverter:

Inverter is basically a simple electrical device which converts DC voltage into AC voltage. There are
many applications of inverters like inverter use in UPS and in Variable Frequency Driver (VFD) to
control speed of induction motor. Inverters are dc to ac conversion units used in ac drives, induction
heating, link between power supplies, HVDC transmission and in many other applications.

UPS use batteries to store electrical energy to use stored electrical energy in case of outage of main
electrical supply. But the problem is batteries store energy in the form DC, the appliances we mostly
used in home or in industry require AC supply .To solve this problem we use INVERTER, it is used to
convert battery DC voltage to AC supply, so that we can utilize stored energy. Another important thing
is which type of inverter we are using and how efficiently it converts the DC into AC and shape of
output voltage.

The output voltage waveforms of ideal inverters should be sinusoidal. However the waveform of
practical inverters are non-sinusoidal and contain certain harmonics. For Low and Medium power
applications square wave or quasi-square wave voltage may be acceptable, but for high power
applications low distorted sinusoidal waveforms are required. With the availability of high-speed power
semiconductor devices the harmonics contained of output voltage can be minimized or reduced
significantly by switching technique. The basic purpose of inverter is to convert 12V DC into 220C AC
which have a frequency of 50 Hz.

Types of inverters available in market:

Basically there are two kinds of inverters according to output efficiency:

1) Iron core base inverters (minimum efficiency and cheap in price)

2) Ferrite core base inverters (maximum efficiency and expensive)

Three kinds of inverters are available in market depending upon their output voltage shape:

1) Square wave inverter

2) Modified sine wave inverter

3) Pure sine wave inverter

Inverters are of two types according to source, these are the voltage source and the current source
inverters ( VSI and CSI ).

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
According to number of phases, inverters may be classified as single phase and three phase inverters.

Inverters may also be known in terms of the type of semiconductor switches they use. Hence an inverter
may be BJT, MOSFET, GTO, SCR, or IGBT inverter.

In our experiment we use MOSFET Inverter. MOSFET driver circuits are used to drive MOSFETS in
high side or low side. Because MOSFETS are voltage control device and to drive MOSFET the gate
capacitance should be charged to operating voltage which is usually between 9-10 volt.

High voltage on drain of MOSFET cause problem by interaction with gate-drain capacitance.
This problem is known as miller effect. MOSFET drivers are used to avoid these issues. There are many
types of MOSFET drivers available in market, but almost all MOSFET drivers used Totem Pole
Output. Because totem pole output has low input impedance and high drive current.

Different types of MOSFET drivers are:

• Opto-coupler isolated driver circuits.

• Transformer isolated driver circuits.
• Non-isolated driver circuits.

Apparatus Required:

NAME OF THE EQUIPMENT

1. IC SG3525
2. MOFFETS IRF Z44 x2
3. Resistors (22,10K,56K,12K,470,33×2,)
4. Resistors(220×4 ½ watt)
5. Capacitor (0.01uFx3, 1000uF/25V,
2.2uF/25V ,1K100,102K, 47uF/25Vx2)
6. Transformer 12-012V /5A step down
transformer
7. 12V Battery
8. Bread Board
9. Oscilloscope
10. Connecting wires

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
Task 1: Push Pull Inverter Circuit

In the push pull inverter circuit the switching devices are IRF 540 or IRF 640 or IRF 740 or IRF 840 or
IRF 3205. The transformer has to be carefully chosen. Its volt AMP rating must match that of the load.
A transformer having smaller core and fewer turns may be employed if inverter is operated at higher
and higher frequencies. Iron core transformers may be used in inverters of 0 to 1000 Hz. Above this
frequency ferrite cores must be used. Push pull configuration is suitable only with low input voltage
having comparatively higher voltage rating of the switches. As it does not have any freewheeling path
large voltage spikes will appear across switching devices of push pull inverter.

The control signals for switching devices are to be generated with proper time delay between them so
that top and bottom switches on the same leg of inverter power circuit are not short circuited due to
simultaneous turn ON. The control circuit used for this experiment is that of SG3525 (or KA3525) used
Here we are mainly using the internal oscillator of PWM SG3525. However, if one desires to generate
his/her own signals, he/she must take into consideration in providing time delays known as
commutation time.

SG3525 is a voltage mode PWM controller integrated circuit. Voltage control method used a feedback
voltage by comparing it with reference value to set duty cycle of PWM. It is used in maximum inverters
available in market. Even top inverters manufacture companies also use Sg3525 in dc to dc converter
part of the inverter. It is a 16 pin integrated circuit. It have two PWM outputs both are inversion of each.
Another advantage of SG3525 is that it has built in totem pole base PWM driver.

IC SG3525 is a pulse width modulator integrated circuit which has the following features:

• Wide operating voltage range from 8 to 35V

• Inbuilt oscillator and frequency range 30HZ to 500KHz
• Input and output synchronization terminals
• Variable dead time controller
• Soft-start facility
• Smooth shut down facility
• Input voltage checking facility
• Dual source/sink output driver

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
SG3525 has an inbuilt oscillator whose frequency can be determined by connecting capacitor and
resistor on Pin 5 and Pin 6 respectively.

The frequency of oscillation can be calculated by the equation

• Output is taken from Pin 11 and Pin 14 which are connected to the gates of MOSFETs.

• Pins 11 and 14 operate as totem pole configuration or a push pull manner. It never turns ON two
pins at the same time.

• The signal from two pins 11 and 14 are connected to the gates of power MOSFETs IRF Z44
which switch current to each winding of the transformer.

• Only one winding is activated at a time and both are energized in opposite directions.

• Activation of winding in opposite direction helps to produce an alternating EMF and thus
alternating current (AC) on the secondary of the transformer.

• The frequency of the output AC is 50Hz which is determined by the CT and RT pins of SG3525
(Pin 5 and Pin 6).

Circuit Diagram:

Fig. : 1 Push Pull Inverter Circuit

Procedure:
1. Connect the oscillation part of the circuit according to the Fig.:1.
2. Adjust the output frequency at 50Hz using the variable resistor and the oscilloscope.
3. Draw the oscillator output wave shape at Pin 11 and Pin 14 of SG3525.
4. Now complete the Push Pull Inverter part of the circuit according to the Fig.:1.
5. Observe the output wave shape across the load.

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
Observed Wave shapes:

At Pin 11 : Final Output Wave shape:

At Pin 14 :

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
Task 2: H-Bridge Inverter Circuit

The full H-bridge inverter circuit is use to convert a DC voltage to a sinusoidal AC voltage at a desired
output voltage and frequency.

In H-Bridge Inverter Circuit, there is a need to use high-side drive circuitry alongside low-side drive
circuitry. The most common way of driving MOSFETs in such cases is to use high-low side MOSFET
drivers. Undoubtedly, the most popular such driver chip is the IR2110/ IR2112.

IR2110 MOSFET DRIVER

• In many applications, floating circuit is required to drive high side MOSFET.

• In H bridge used in pure sine wave inverter design 2 MOSFET are used as high side MOSFET and
2 MOSFET are usesd as low side MOSFET.
• International rectifiers IR2110 MOSFET driver can be used as high side and low side MOSFET
driver.
• It has a floating circuit to handle to bootstrap operation.
• IR2110 can with stand voltage up to 500v (offset voltage).
• Its output pins can provide peak current up to 2 ampere.
• It can also be used to as IGBT driver.
• IR2110 floating circuit can drive high side MOSFET up to 500 volt.

The block diagram and the pin assignments and pin definitions:

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
Circuit Diagram:

Fig. 2 Full Bridge Inverter Circuit

Procedure:
1. Connect the oscillation part of the circuit according to the Fig.:2.
2. Observe the output wave shape across the load.

Observed Wave shapes:

At Pin 11 : Final Output Wave shape:

At Pin 14 :

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
 11 3

12 7
HIN VDD VC VB
13 8
SD HO
6
VS
14 1
LIN VSS COM LO

15 2
NAME=IR2112

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018
 +12V

+12V
+5V

+5V
BATT(+)

1N4007 D12
C10 D6 C11
104 M1 1N4007 104
M5
IRF3205
IRF3205

8
6

6
R7 4.7 R13
High AC Output
NC VDD VC VB_HFV VB_HFV VC VDD NC
7
R2 R8 4.7 7
H_OUT H_OUT
10 4.7 TR1 4.7 10
H_IN H_IN
D2 1N4148 D31 1N4148
R6 R12 C14
C9 C7 D1 D3 10k C12 U2
10k 15V
22u 104 104 22u
U1 15V
TRAN-2P2S
12 12
L_IN L_IN
5 5
VS Low AC Output VS

D11 D15
1N4007 1N4007 D14

11 1N4148 11
hut_Down S_D R24 S_D Shut_Down
R28
R22 4.7k 10k M9 M13 10k R26
1 R14 IRF3305 R18 1
L_OUT 4.7k L_OUT

4.7 IRF3305 4.7

D10 1N4148 D13 1N4148
R23 D17 R27 C13
C8 C6 D7 10k C15
10k 15V
22u 104 104 22u
15V

2 2
L_COM L_COM

Vss Vss

13 IR2112_DIL 13 IR2112_DIL

Prepared by: Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Assistant Professor, Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Instructor. January 2018