India's Rape Problem | Jharkhand Case

Sources
INTRO:
●​ https://bnnbreaking.com/breaking-news/crime/spanish-tourist-allegedly-gang-raped-in-jh
arkhand-granted-rs-10-lakh-approx-1112620-euros-in-compensation
●​ https://twitter.com/Slatzism/status/1763960879807074673
●​ https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1JM075/
●​ https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/spanish-travel-vlogger-gangrap
ed-by-seven-men-hits-out-at-absurd-comments-about-india/news-story/d5ba9622d0b83
db347d10abd452f3424
●​ https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/spanish-vlogger-gang-rape-fir-reveals-chillin
g-details-about-jharkhands-dumka-incident-101709683969134.html
●​ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/all-accused-held-spanish-couple-head-for-
nepal/articleshow/108253709.cms
●​ https://twitter.com/Callme__El/status/1764337904162070837
●​ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/health/men-rape-sexual-assault.html
●​ https://indianexpress.com/article/india/spanish-woman-gangraped-jharkands-dumka-3-d
etained-9191720/
●​ https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-have-good-memories-from-india-foreign-to
urist-gang-raped-in-dumka-101709637192719.html
●​ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/09/11/a-woman-interviewed-
100-convicted-rapists-in-india-this-is-what-she-learned/

1. India vs other countries

●​ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gang-rape-india-spanish-tourist-police-search-more-sus
pects/
●​ https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences
●​ https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/rape-statistics-by-country
●​ https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/10/14/no-metoo-women-us/poor-enforcement-indias-sex
ual-harassment-law
●​ https://www.womenlobby.org/IMG/pdf/2714_austria_lr.pdf
●​ https://scroll.in/article/654736/is-india-the-rape-capital-of-the-world-think-again
●​ https://www.dw.com/en/eu-fails-to-agree-on-legal-definition-of-rape/a-68195256
●​ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-54444939
●​ https://genderdata.worldbank.org/data-stories/overview-of-gender-based-violence/
●​ https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/the-decriminalisation-of-marital-rape-how-india-continues-to-ref
use-justice-to-its-married-women/
●​ https://ncrb.gov.in/uploads/nationalcrimerecordsbureau/custom/1701607577CrimeinIndia
2022Book1.pdf
 ●​ https://www.livemint.com/Politics/AV3sIKoEBAGZozALMX8THK/99-cases-of-sexual-ass
aults-go-unreported-govt-data-shows.html
●​ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/stigma-scare-behind-unreported-rape-cas
es/articleshow/19704083.cms
●​ https://twitter.com/RishiJoeSanu/status/1764899218433728637
●​ https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2024/757618/EPRS_IDA(2024)7
57618_EN.pdf
●​ https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-5395-section-375-of-ipc-an-overview.html

2. Other metrics
●​ https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/mexico_nov2014/session%203%20bangladesh%20p
aper.pdf
●​ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62830634
●​ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403108/
●​ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900418/
●​ https://www.thehotline.org/stakeholders/domestic-violence-statistics/
●​ https://stopstreetharassment.org/resources/statistics/statistics-academic-studies/
●​ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/almost-80-of-indian-women-face-public-haras
sment-in-cities-says-survey/
●​ https://www.unwomenuk.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/APPG-UN-Women_Sexua
l-Harassment-Report_2021.pdf
●​ https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/epw_36-violence-against-women/#id=36877&f
ullGraph=true

3. Profile of the perpetrators

●​ https://www.innovationunit.org/thoughts/be-a-man-toxic-masculinity-social-media-and-vio
lence/
●​ https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2024/02/18/1231793908/oscar-nommed-doc
-a-13-year-old-and-her-dad-demand-justice-after-she-is-raped
●​ https://www.dw.com/en/the-psychology-of-a-rapist/a-54814540
●​ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08862605-0201710-02?journalCode=jiva
●​ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9210183/#CIT0005
●​ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344262281_A_Descriptive_Study_on_Alleged_
Sexual_Offenders_in_South_Bangalore
●​ https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1762187875263689203/photo/1
●​ https://ncrb.gov.in/uploads/nationalcrimerecordsbureau/custom/1701607577CrimeinIndia
2022Book1.pdf
●​ https://www.summitcountyco.gov/732/Facts-About-Sex-Offenders
●​ https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-madhumita-pandey-the-research-student-interviewed-o
ver-100-convicted-rapists-in-india-heres-what-she-learned-2335827

4.1 Cognitive Distortions

●​ https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V4ISSUE1/IJRPR9641.pdf
●​ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777344/
4.2 Psychology of rapists
●​ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002201837704100211?journalCode=clja#:
~:text=This%20is%20another%20common%20trait,%2C%20callous%2C%20irresponsib
le%20and%20impulsive.

4.2.1 Evolutionary perspective

●​ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X1500189X#:~:text=Sex
ual%20selection%20has%20been%20stronger%20in%20humans%20than%20is%20oft
en%20assumed.&text=Ancestral%20men%20competed%20primarily%20through%20for
ce%20and%20threat%20of%20force.&text=Ancestral%20women%20competed%20mai
nly%20through%20mate%20attraction.&text=Understanding%20sexual%20selection%2
0clarifies%20some%20human%20psychological%20sex%20differences.
●​ https://www.academia.edu/2470344/Why_Do_Men_Rape_An_Evolutionary_Psychologic
al_Perspective
●​ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.786868/full
●​ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1037/1089-2680.12.1.86
●​ https://ncrb.gov.in/uploads/nationalcrimerecordsbureau/custom/1701607577CrimeinIndia
2022Book1.pdf
●​ https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06004-0

4.2.2 Socio-cultural perspective

●​ https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8/?&ei=9owuVLrgCIfXaqzngIgJ&sa=U
●​ https://www.vox.com/2015/3/5/8156881/india-rape
●​ https://rapecrisis.org.uk/get-informed/about-sexual-violence/myths-vs-realities/
●​ https://shura.shu.ac.uk/32282/7/Pandey-InterviewsWithMen%28VoR%29.pdf
●​ https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rapes-occur-in-india-not-bharat-says-rss-chief-mohan-b
hagwat-509401

a. Patriarchy/ dominance
●​ https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/aug/17/thesexualpoliticsofpartition
●​ https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8/?&ei=9owuVLrgCIfXaqzngIgJ&sa=U
●​ https://yourstory.com/herstory/2023/04/bleak-truth-behind-indias-engrained-gender-stere
otypes
●​ https://www.reddit.com/r/india/comments/rwhdus/percentage_of_women_saying_its_oka
y_for_the/
●​ https://twitter.com/indiainpixels/status/1478632483054776321
●​ https://scroll.in/article/829205/80-indian-women-need-permission-to-visit-health-centre-5-
have-sole-control-over-choice-of-husband
●​ https://daily.jstor.org/identity-and-violence-in-manipur-india/
●​ https://theprint.in/india/burdened-by-domestic-work-nearly-50-of-indias-urban-women-do
nt-step-out-even-once-a-day/1396927/

a.1. Segregation
 ●​ https://lah.elearningontario.ca/CMS/public/exported_courses/HSP3C/exported/HSP3CU
03/HSP3CU03/HSP3CU03A02/_teacher/facinghistory.org-GordonAllportsContactHypoth
esis.pdf
●​ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2P_i9VD91o
●​ https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/jan/24/Ironically-Co-ed-School
s-Segregate-Boys-and-Girls-708958.html
●​ https://feminisminindia.com/2020/08/04/platonic-relationships-as-norm/

b.1 Content
●​ https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/bollywood-bad-influence-helps-indian-man-escap
e-conviction-for-stalking-aus-women/story-iuoSfczLoZKSbPJKkz6NeK.html
●​ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321937239_Prioritizing_Stalking_as_Popular_
Culture_in_Regional_Films_-_A_Threat_to_Woman_Status_in_Resurgent_India
●​ https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/hypocritical-vivek-and-riteish-never-objected-t
o-rape-joke-in-grand-masti-210947-2013-09-12
●​ https://www.theswaddle.com/indian-women-hold-only-10-of-directing-writing-positions-in-
films-and-tv-report
●​ https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2023/6/10500.pdf
●​ https://thewire.in/film/bollywood-stalking
●​ https://feminisminindia.com/2021/11/25/harassment-in-films-bollywoods-constant-normali
sation-of-toxicity-as-love/
●​ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311886.2022.2064589

5. Opposite India
●​ https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/03/02/how-indians-view-gender-roles-in-famili
es-and-society/
●​ https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20150901-indias-chaotic-lesson-in-letting-go

6.1 Death penalty

●​ https://www.cmi.no/publications/5696-womens-activism-in-saudi-arabia
●​ https://www.tbsnews.net/world/punishment-rapists-different-countries-144115#:~:text=If
%20it%20is%20rape%20or,like%20robbery%2C%20then%20death%20penalty.&text=T
he%20punishment%20for%20rape%20in,the%20rapist%20with%20a%20sedative.
●​ http://econdse.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Crime-and-Punishment-Singh-The-Tribu
ne.pdf
●​ https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/670398
●​ https://thewire.in/women/death-penalty-myopic-ordinance
●​ https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/death-penalty-for-rape-an-ineffective-lethal-lottery-in-so
uth-asia/
●​ https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/what-data-false-rape-cases-doesn-t-tell-us-16363
1
●​ https://www.thehinducentre.com/multimedia/archive/02923/72__Arena-Rape__Co_2923
216a.pdf
7. Fake rape cases: a problem: but how big?
●​ https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/rukmini-s-writes-about-the-mumbai-sessions-co
urt-rulings-on-sexual-assault-during-2015-why-the-fir-doesnt-tell-you-the-whole-story/arti
cle8014815.ece
●​ https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-38796457
●​ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/crime-city-43-rape-cases-that-we-solved-in
-2016-were-false-say-police/articleshow/56748082.cms
●​ https://theprint.in/india/how-do-i-start-life-at-43-asks-vishnu-tiwari-who-spent-20-years-in-
jail-in-false-rape-case/618521/
●​ https://ncrb.gov.in/uploads/nationalcrimerecordsbureau/custom/1701607577CrimeinIndia
2022Book1.pdf
●​ https://www.juscorpus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/157.-Karandeep-Singh.pdf

8. Conclusions/Solutions
●​ https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4663&context=theses
●​ https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/impact-school-based-gender-attitude-chang
e-program-india
●​ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-021-02752-1/figures/2