COURSE: BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS (BP604T)
INTRODUCTION TO BIOPHARMACEUTICS
Content Media: PPT
by
Heena Farooqui
Assistant Professor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad
Introduction
Medicines are usually not given in pure form. They are mixed with inactive
ingredients and made into a form that can be easily taken from suitable root.
Absorption describes the movement of a drug from the site of delivery to the
systemic circulation.
Bioavailability refers to how quickly and how much of a drug is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
The four phases or processes of drug administration and therapy are as follows:
Pharmaceutical phase: Preparation of the drug in a suitable form for
administration.
Pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of
the drug in the body.
Pharmacodynamic phase: Study of the drug's mechanism of action and effects
on the body.
Clinical phase: Use of the drug in clinical practice including selection, dosage
determination, and monitoring of patient's response.
Diagrammatic representation of therapeutic phase
Drug + Excipients
Pharmaceutics Formulations
Drug Dosage Form Drug not released
Biopharmaceutics
------------------------------------------
Oral Administration
Parenteral administration
Drug decomposed
Drug Release and
metabolized ,
Dissolution
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Absorption boundor excreted
site in the GIT Absorption
Drug in systematic
circulation Disposition
Pharmacokinetics Distribution Elimination
Extra vascular Metabolism and
Tissues Excretion
- ---------------------------------------
Pharmaco-
Pharmacologic response
dynamics
------------------------------------------
Therapeutics Therapeutic/ Toxic effects
Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are two important aspects of
pharmacology that deal with the study of the interaction between drugs and the
body.
Biopharmaceutics refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of
drugs, the dosage forms in which they are administered, and how they are
absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.
Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed,
metabolized, and eliminated by the body over time, including factors such as dose,
route of administration, and patient characteristics.
Drug absorption
Drug absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its
site of administration.
Factors that affect drug absorption include the physicochemical properties of the
drug, the dosage form, the route of administration, and the presence of food or
other drugs in the body.
Understanding drug absorption is important for determining the appropriate
dosage and formulation of a drug.
Drug distribution
Drug distribution refers to the process by which a drug is transported from the
bloodstream to its site of action in the body.
Factors that affect drug distribution include the drug's physicochemical properties,
the patient's physiological characteristics, and the presence of other drugs in the
body.
Understanding drug distribution is important for determining the appropriate
dosage and route of administration of a drug.
Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism refers to the process by which a drug is transformed by the body
into other compounds, often to facilitate its elimination from the body.
The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, although other organs such as the
kidneys and lungs can also play a role.
Understanding drug metabolism is important for determining the appropriate
dosage and frequency of administration of a drug.
Drug elimination
Drug elimination refers to the process by which a drug and its metabolites are
removed from the body.
The primary routes of drug elimination are through the kidneys (in the form of
urine) and the liver (in the form of bile).
Understanding drug elimination is important for determining the appropriate
dosage and dosing interval of a drug.
Pharmacokinetic parameters
Pharmacokinetic parameters are numerical values that describe the time
course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Some common pharmacokinetic parameters include bioavailability, clearance,
half-life, and volume of distribution.
These parameters can be used to predict the efficacy and safety of a drug, as
well as to optimize its dosage and dosing regimen.
Drug distribution is the movement of a substance from one compartment to
another, typically between blood and extravascular tissues.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the ADME of a drug over time and how it
relates to its therapeutic and harmful effects. Pharmacokinetics, to put it simply, is
the kinetics of ADME or KADME.
Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of pharmacokinetic principles to
optimize drug dosage for individual patients and achieve maximum therapeutic
effectiveness.
Applications of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics
Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics have many practical applications in drug
development and clinical practice.
These include predicting drug efficacy and safety, optimizing drug dosing regimens,
developing new drug formulations and delivery systems, and studying drug-drug
interactions.
By better understanding the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of
drugs, we can improve the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy.
Conclusion
Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are two important fields of pharmacology
that help us understand how drugs interact with the body.
By studying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, we can
predict drug efficacy and safety, optimize dosing regimens, and develop new drug
formulations and delivery systems.
Understanding the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs is
critical for improving the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy.
So, the understanding and ideas of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
play a crucial role in the design and development of novel medications and their
dosage forms, as well as in the enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of
already-approved medications.
REFERENCES
Benowitz N, Forsyth R, Melmon K, Rowland M: Lidocaine disposition
kinetics in monkey and man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 15:87–98, 1974.
Cone EJ, Darwin WD, Wang W-L: The occurrence of cocaine, heroin and
metabolites in hair of drug abusers. Forensic Sci Int 63:55–68, 1993.
Brahmankar, D.M. and Jaiswal, S.B. (2009) Biopharmaceutics and
Pharmacokinetics. 2nd Edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 399-401.
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