ELECTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB

GROUP MEMBERS:

Submitted to: Sir shahroz

Submitted date: 12,Mar, 2025.
 EXPERIMENT #05
DC & AC Analysis of RL Circuit
1. Objectives

a. To perform DC analysis of a RL circuit and observe the circuit’s time constant.

b. To demonstrate the key electrical parameter relationships in a series RL circuit,
and to observe that due to out-of-phase elements, simple dc analysis
techniques cannot be used to determine circuit parameters in ac circuits
containing reactive components.
2. Equipment Required

Oscilloscope
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Function generator
Resistors
• (1) 12 Ω
• (1) 100 Ω
Inductor
• (1) 1 mH
• (1) 10 mH

a)DC Analysis: Introduction

An inductor and a resistor are connected in series to the terminals of a dc power
supply via a switch. Voltmeters are connected to monitor the supply voltage, the resistor
voltage, and the inductor voltage. The times required for the inductor voltage to reach
certain predetermined levels are measured. Similarly, the resistor voltage change is
timed. In all cases, the measured times are related to the circuit time constant.

Procedure (DC Analysis – using PSpice)

9. Reconnect the circuit with the voltage source. Change the value of inductor to 0.5mH
(which is equal to two 1mH inductors connected in parallel).
 10.Again simulate the circuit and record the values in the table.
11.Revert the value of inductor to 1mH and use another inductor with value 1mH
and connect them into the circuit in series.
12.Again simulate the circuit and record the values in the table.

Record Sheet
R=1Ω, L=1mH

Procedure Step
VL= 3.6V VL = 0.1V

6 t ( in seconds) t 1=0,t 2=1.0161ns t 1=0,t 2=5.6694ns

VR = 6.3V VR = 9.9V

7 t (in seconds) t 1=0,t 2=1.0161us t 1=0,t 2=4.4846us

VR VL

8
10us 10ns

VR (V) VL (V) Time to go to zero

8 (seconds)

t =6.739us t =6.7131ns

L=two 1mH in
parallel

10
VL = 6.3V VL = 9.9V

t ( in seconds) t =231.707ns t =12.195ns

L=two 1mH in
series

12
VL = 6.3V VL = 9.9V

t 1=0,t
t ( in seconds) 2=471.545ns t 1=0,t 2=24.39ns
Analysis
1. Calculate the time constant for the circuit tested in procedure steps 1 through 8.
Relate the time constant to the time required for VL to reach 3.6V, and to the time
for VL to reach 0.1V. For a RL circuit, T (time constant) = L / R.
2. Using the results of procedure steps 9 through 12, calculate the inductance of two
inductors when connected in parallel and when series-connected.
b) AC Analysis: Introduction

A sinusoidal signal is applied to a series resistive-inductive circuit, and the

potential developed across the resistor and inductor is investigated for amplitude and
phase relationship to the input. A square wave input is next applied, and the inductor
and resistor voltages are again investigated.

Fig.4.2
Procedure:

1. Construct the circuit shown in Fig.4.2 on the breadboard.

2. Connect the Oscilloscope to monitor the input voltage (VS) and the inductor
voltage VL. The two ground terminals of the oscilloscope inputs should be
connected to the lower terminal of the inductor in the circuit diagram.
3. Switch on the function generator and set it to give a sine wave output (6 Vpp) with
frequency of 1kHz. Adjust the signal amplitude to give a waveform which
approximately fills half the oscilloscope screen.
4. Set the Oscilloscope to trigger positively on the input waveform, and adjust the
time base to display approximately one cycle of each waveform.
5. Measure the waveform amplitude and phase difference. Enter the measured
quantities on the record sheet.
6. Reconnect the Oscilloscope to monitor VS and VR. This time connect the two
ground terminals of the Oscilloscope to the top of R in the circuit diagram.
7. Repeat procedure step 5.
8. Switch the function generator’s output to square wave.
9. Observe the waveform of VS and VR on the Oscilloscope. Carefully measure the
waveform amplitude and note their phase relations. Record the measured
quantities and sketch the wave form on the record sheet.
10.Reconnect the Oscilloscope to monitor VS and VL once more. Again connect the
grounded input terminals to the lower terminal of C in the circuit diagram.
 11.Sketch the waveforms and carefully measure and record the amplitude and
phase relationships of VS and VL.

Record Sheet
Procedure Step Sine wave input

Vs(pp) VL(pp) Phase difference

5
3.8*2=7.6 1*2=2 0.2/2*360=36 deg

7 Vs(pp) VR(pp) Phase difference

4*2=8 3.2*2=6.4 0/2*360=0 deg

Square wave input

Vs(pp) VR(pp)

1*10=10 3*2=6

Vs(pp) VL(pp)

1.8*10=18 1.4*10=14
 11

Analysis:
1. Use the waveform’s amplitude and phase relationships experimentally
determined during procedure1 to 7 to sketch waveforms of I, VR, VL, and VS.
AC Analysis of RL Circuit:

Vs/VL sine
Vs/VL square

Vs/Vr sine

Vs/vr square
DC Analysis of RL Circuit:

VL AT 3.6V
VL AT 0.1V
VR AT 6.3V
 VR AT 9.9V

VR WHEN TIME GOES TO ZERO

VL WHEN TIME GOES TO ZERO
TWO INDUCTOR IN PARALLEL AT 6.3V
TWO INDUCTOR IN PARALLEL AT 9.9V
TWO INDUCTOR IN SERIES AT 6.3V
TWO INDUCTOR IN SERIES AT 9.9V
2. Sketch a phasor diagram for the RL circuit, using the measured values of VR,
VL, Vs..

3. Briefly explain the waveforms obtained in Procedure steps 9 and 11.

Simple RL circuit in which resistor, R and inductor, L are connected in series with
a voltage supply of V volts. Let us think the current flowing in the circuit is I (amp)
and current through resistor and inductor is IR and IL respectively. Since both
resistance and inductor are connected in series, so the current in both the
elements and the circuit remains the same. i.e IR = IL = I. Let VR and Vl be the
voltage drop across resistor and inductor.

Applying Kirchhoff voltage law (i.e sum of voltage drop must be equal to apply
voltage) to this circuit we get,

4. Review any data you have collected and determine if Vs equals the arithmetic
sum of the values of VL and VR. Explain your findings.
 Vs=7.6V(measured )

Vs=8V (Calculated)

5. Does the circuit Z equal the sum of the values of R and XL? Explain your
findings.
The impedance of series RL circuit opposes the flow of alternating current. The
impedance of series RL Circuit is nothing but the combine effect of resistance (R)
and inductive reactance (XL) of the circuit as a whole. The impedance Z in ohms
is given by;
XL = 2πfL ohms =6.2831

=1039.477
CONCLUSION:
In this lab task we have done the AC analysis of RL circuit. In which we made
circuit of rl in series on breadboard then provide the Ac source as per given
condition to circuit then observed its behavior on oscilloscope. In this lab we
observed different behaviors of waveforms by sine and square waves. Also
measured values and compare it theoretically like impedence etc. Then we
performed the same rl circuit by DC source on Pspice software and note the
graphical behavior and readings of various combinations of Vr and VL are given
above in lab task report.