PLUMBING FIXTURES,

FITTINGS &
ACCESORIES
 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES:
● Be able to know the different types of
plumbing materials, such as pipes and
tubing
● Be able to understand the uses of
plumbing materials
● Be able to recognize various plumbing
fixtures and fittings allows you to correctly
install and repair plumbing systems,
ensuring they function properly.
 LOGO HERE

PLUMBING MATERIALS
Plumbing materials refer to the various
components used in the installation,
maintenance, and repair of plumbing
systems. These materials ensure the
proper flow of water, gas, and waste in
residential, commercial, and industrial
buildings. It includes fixtures, fittings,
accessories and other materials.
(InterNACHI, 2006).
1. FIXTURES
 FIXTURES
Fixtures are receptacles attached to
a plumbing system other than a trap
in which water or waste may be
collected or retained for ultimate
discharge into the plumbing system.
It includes water closet, lavatory,
kitchen sink/sink, urinal, bidet, and
bath tub (Navidad, 2020).
WATER CLOSET
 WATER CLOSET
Water closet are a crucial plumbing
fixture found in nearly every home
and commercial building. They are
used for the disposal of human
waste, and play a critical role in
maintaining sanitation and hygiene
(Dimaranan, 2022).
WATER CLOSET (TYPE AS TO DESIGN)
 SIPHON WASHDOWN
the least costly, but the noisiest; very
minimal sensitive to standing water to
stains, fouling, and contamination. It
operates mechanically. As a result, it is
generally utilized and completely allowed
in cases where the cost is the primary
factor (Dimaranan, 2022).
 SIPHON JET
the aircraft being sunk presents its
water beneath the surface, so that
it’s operation is completely muted. It
contains a lot of standing water to
avoid fouling. It operates
mechanically economical but costly
(Dimaranan, 2022).
 SIPHON VORTEX
this kind of bowl grows its ability to
drain through the water coming in
through holes arranged diagonally
around. It produces a whirling rim
action that creates a vortex in the
middle. It is regarded as the quietest
and most effective and the most
hygienic water closet (Dimaranan,
2022).
 REVERSE TRAP
the trap way situated at the water
closet's back removed the building at
the in front. The appearance and
style of the bowl with its huge water
space and calm in function, make it
appealing compared to a siphon
washdown (Dimaranan, 2022).
WATER CLOSET (TYPES AS TO MAKE)
 ONE-PIECE
the fixture in the water closet is
created using the bowl and the
mold of the flush tank into one
cohesive unit. Typically utilized in
conjunction with the Bidet
(Dimaranan, 2022).
 CLOSED COUPLED

a water closet where in the

flush tank is separate but is
attached to the toilet bowl. It is
a two-piece model (Dimaranan,
2022).
 PAIL FLUSH
a water closet that includes only
of a bowl devoid of a tank flush.
The action of flushing is acquired
solely by water poured out of a
bucket or pail. This is utilized in
places where water systems that
are in operation are unavailable
(Dimaranan, 2022).
THE STANDARD TOILET SIZE HAS A
DEPTH OF 28-30 INCHES, WITH A
WIDTH OF 20 INCHES AND A TANK
HEIGHT OF 27-32 INCHES. THIS
ALLOWS FOR A ROUGH-IN
MEASUREMENT BETWEEN 10-14
INCHES.(JENSEN, 2024)
WATER CLOSET (TYPES AS TO FLUSHING MECHANISM)
 FLUSH TANK
a tank holding a supply of water or
sewage for periodically flushing
out a sewer. a small tank equipped
with a float and ball valve for
flushing a water closet
(Dimaranan, 2022).
 ROUGHING- IN DIMENSIONS OF A
FLUSH TANK

A standard flush tank "rough-in" dimension, which is the

distance from the wall to the center of the toilet drainpipe, is 12
inches; however, older homes might have 10-inch or 14-inch
rough-in sizes depending on the design and space available.
ROUGHING- IN DIMENSIONS OF A
FLUSH VALVE
WATER CLOSET (TYPES AS TO SHAPE)
Round Front - It is meant to
be installed on a small area
meant for setup on a
restricted room

Elongated Front - It is more

comfortable but occupies a
larger space.
Round Front Elongated Front
WATER CLOSET (TYPES AS TO INSTALLATION)
 FREE STANDING (FLOOR MOUNTED)

This type of water closet is installed

directly onto the bathroom floor. It
is the most traditional and widely-
used type, known for its ease of
installation and maintenance
(Dimaranan, 2022).
 WALL HUNG (WALL MOUNTED)
This type of water closet is
mounted on the wall, with the tank
usually concealed within the wall. It
offers a modern and sleek
appearance, and makes cleaning
the bathroom floor easier
(Dimaranan, 2022).
 ROUGH-IN DIMENSIONS OF WATER CLOSET

Distance from the back wall to the center of the toilet flange: typically, this
distance is 12 inches (305 mm). This is the most common rough-in size,
but toilets also come in 10-inch and 14-inch rough-in sizes.

Clearance from the center of the toilet to any adjacent fixture or sidewall:
there should be at least 15 inches (381 mm) of clearance on either side of
the toilet
 ROUGH-IN DIMENSIONS OF WATER CLOSET

Distance from the center of the toilet flange to the finished floor: the
toilet flange should be installed so that it is 1/4 inch (6 mm) above the
finished floor.

Distance from the center of the toilet flange to the wall studs: if
measuring from stud walls, add the thickness of the wall covering (e.g.,
drywall). For a standard 1/2-inch drywall, the distance should be 12 1/2
inches (317 mm) (Dylan, 2025).
ROUGH-IN DIMENSIONS OF WATER CLOSET
 MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF WATER CLOSET

The minimum clearance between the toilet fixture's face and the wall
or closest obstacle element is 24" (61 cm), though 36" (91 cm) is
advised. Toilet paper dispensers and other accessories should be
within the user's reach, with their center points no more than 12"
(30.5 cm) from the water closet's face and about 30" (76 cm) from the
floor. Minimums of 24" (61 cm) are only appropriate for private or
utility water closets and are not suitable for fulfilling public
accessibility requirements.
 MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF WATER CLOSET

Size of clearance in water closets: clearance around a water closet

shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum measured perpendicular
from the side wall and 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum measured
perpendicular from the rear wall.
LAVATORY
LAVATORY
It is a fixture designed for the washing of
the hands or face. It is also known as wash
basin (Dimaranan, 2022)
TYPES OF LAVATORY
WALL HUNG LAVATORY
a wall-hung lavatory is a type of lavatory
sink that is mounted on the wall.
PEDESTAL LAVATORY
Pedestal Lavatory - sinks on pedestals are
made of two components: the pedestal
(that is, the sink basin and the "leg"). Sinks
on pedestals are more appropriate. to
certain kinds of restrooms over others. To
begin with, they are effective. flawlessly in
any bathroom with minimal space.
COUNTER TYPE LAVATORY
a counter type lavatory is a sink that is
installed on top of a bathroom counter or
vanity, used for personal hygiene tasks
like handwashing.
 ONE-PIECE LAVATORY
a one-piece lavatory is a toilet with a
single, integrated unit combining the bowl
and tank, making it easier to install and
maintain.
LAVATORY (TYPES OF FAUCET)
Center Set - a faucet's center set is
compatible with basins with one or three
holes; This option is simple to install. This
design has a deck plate that includes the
spout and handle in A single plate.

Wide Spread - holes are necessary for

widespread faucets. ranging from 8 to 16
inches centers. Also referred to as broad
non-deck plate faucets The most common
are faucets.
ROUGH-IN DIMENSIONS OF LAVATORY
Distance from wall to drain centerline:
typically, this distance is around 18 inches (457
mm) to 20 inches (508 mm) from the finished
wall.

Height of the drain above floor: the center of

the drain is usually about 18 inches (457 mm)
to 20 inches (508 mm) above the finished floor.

Supply line height: hot and cold water supply

lines are typically placed about 21 inches (533
mm) above the finished floor (ADA
Compliance, 2025).
MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF LAVATORY
Clear floor space: a minimum of 30 inches (762 mm) by 48 inches (1219
mm) of clear floor space should be provided in front of the lavatory for a
forward approach.

Knee and toe clearance: A minimum knee clearance of 27 inches (686 mm)
high, 30 inches (762 mm) wide, and 8 inches (203 mm) deep should be
provided underneath the sink. The toe clearance should be at least 9
inches (229 mm) high and 17 inches (432 mm) deep (ADA Compliance,
2025).
KITCHEN SINK
 KITCHEN SINK
It is a plumbing fixtures usually
consisting of a basin with a water supply,
connected with a drain (Hohenadel,
2025).
TYPES OF KITCHEN SINK
 SINGLE BOWL
this type of sink has one large basin
with a single drain, making it easier to
clean large cookware but less efficient
for multitasking.
DOUBLE BOWL - SINGLE
DRAIN
This sink has two basins separated by a
divider, but only one drain. It's useful
for separating tasks like washing and
rinsing dishes.
DOUBLE BOWL - DOUBLE
DRAIN
This type of sink has two basins, each
with its own drain. It allows for more
efficient multitasking and better
drainage.
 TRIPLE BOWL
This sink has three basins, providing
even more flexibility for various kitchen
tasks.
 CORNER SINK
This type of sink is designed to fit into
the corner of a kitchen, making efficient
use of space.
URINAL
 URINAL
A sanitary fixture equipped with a water
supply and drain for flushing away
urine (Dimaranan, 2022).
TYPES OF URINAL
WALL HUNG URINAL
A wall-hung urinal is attached to the
wall, making it easy to clean the floor
underneath and saving space.
PEDESTAL URINAL
A pedestal urinal stands on a single
base, providing stability and a different
aesthetic compared to wall-mounted
urinals.
 STALL URINAL
A stall urinal is surrounded by a small
enclosure, offering privacy to the user
and containing splashes (Havelka,
2023).
 TROUGH URINAL
A trough urinal is an elongated fixture
that allows several people to use it at
once, commonly found in high-traffic
areas.
MINIMUM CLEARANCE AND SIZE OF VENT
(URINALS)

A urinal should be centralized in a 76 cm / 29.9

inches clearance, with a minimum of 38 cm / 15.0"
from its center to each size.The clearance in front
of a urinal should be 120x76 cm / 47.2 inches x29.9
inches.
MINIMUM CLEARANCE
MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU
VALUE
Urinal, wall-mounted (2 inches with 6 DFU )

Urinal, stall 51mm ( 2 inches with 6 DFU )

Urinal, trap arm (2 inches with 3 DFU)

SIZE OF SUPPLY PIPE AND WSFU VALUE

Urinal, flush tank (1/2 inch with 2 WSFU)

Urinal, flushometer valve ( 3/4 inch with 2 WSFU)

BIDET
 BIDET
Bidet is a bathroom fixture designed to
clean the private areas by using water.
It is usually located next to the toilet.
ROUGHING-IN DIMENSION IF
BIDET
The rough-in dimensions for a bidet involve
measuring from the finished wall or floor to
the center of the waste or supply opening or
mounting holes. Typically, the bidet should
be placed about 20 inches from the back
wall, with at least 15 inches of clearance on
each side, and the upper edge should be
between 18 and 24 inches from the floor
(Dylan, 2025).
BATH TUB
 BATH TUB
A bathtub is a sizable fixture intended for water
that allows a person to bathe. Usually found in
bathrooms, bathtubs can be constructed from
materials like porcelain, fiberglass, acrylic, or cast
iron. They are available in different shapes and
designs, such as freestanding, alcove, corner, and
drop-in types, and may offer extra features like
whirlpool jets, showerheads, and integrated
seating (Kandila, 2024).
 MINIMUM CLEARANCE (BATH TUB)

Bathtub side clearances are recommended to

maintain a consistent width of 30” ( 76 cm),
with comfortable clearances set at around 44”
(112 cm) and extremely minimal widths at 22”
(56 cm).
2. FITTINGS
 FITTINGS
Plumbing fittings are components
used to join pipes together, divert
water flow, and control water
pressure. They are integral to
ensuring that a plumbing system
functions effectively, preventing leaks,
and maintaining structural integrity
(Mahajan, 2023).
 CAP
a closed on one end with female
threads or no threads for a solvent
weld connection. Solvent weld
connection is used for unthreaded
plastic pipe
 PLUG

is closed on one end with male threads or no

threads for a solvent weld connection. It is also
used to seal ruin pipe.
 CLEANOUT PLUG

is a device that allows the user access to the

drainpipe so it can be cleaned out. The plug is
designed to fit into most drains, and allow
you to remove it easily.
 COUPLING

Connects two lengths of pipe. Has female

thread on both ends (for galvanized pipe) or no
threads (for copper, PVC and other solvent-
welded pipe.
 REDUCER COUPLING

is a type of plumbing fitting used to connect

pipes of dissimilar diameters.
 ELBOW

An elbow is generally used to change the

direction of flow of liquid between two pipes.
Standard elbows come in a few different angles
- 45°, 90° or 22.5° angle.
 SWEEP ELBOW

Is a type of elbow that has a longer curve for a

more gradual bend. Available in long or short
versions.
 REDUCING ELBOW

it change the size of the pipe.

 STRAIGHT TEE

The equal tee (or straight tee) is used as the

branch has the same diameter as the run-pipe.
 REDUCING TEE

The reducing tee is used as the branch

has a smaller diameter as the run-pipe.
 SANITARY TEE
A sanitary tee is a fitting that combines the
features of a standard tee with a curved inlet,
resembling a “T” with a longer stem.
 CROSS TEE
A cross tee in plumbing is a type of fitting that
allows for the connection of four pipes at right
angles, effectively dividing the flow of fluids
into four separate paths.
 CLEANOUT TEE

A plumbing tee cleanout is a T- or Y-shaped

pipe fitting that provides access to the lateral
pipe on both ends.
 WYE

A plumbing wye is a fitting shaped like the

letter “Y,” designed to divert water flow in two
directions.
 NIPPLE

In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a

fitting that consists of a short piece of
pipe with male pipe threads at both
ends.
 PUDDLE FLANGE
A puddle flange, also known as a floor flange or
a plinth flange, is a specialized piping and
plumbing fitting designed to prevent water (or
other fluid) penetration through floor or wall
openings where pipes pass through.
 TOILET FLANGE

A toilet flange (also called a closet flange) is a

pipe fitting that secures a toilet unit to the
drain pipe in the bathroom floor.
 OFFSET TOILET FLANGE

An offset toilet flange is type flange

where section fits down into the waste
pipe is not positioned directly under the
center of the opening at the top.
 DROP EAR ELBOW

Also known as a wing elbow. Drop ear

elbow provides a rigid installation for
mounting an elbow to a wall.
 BUSHING

Inserted inside a coupling to

reduce the size of the pipe.
 UNION

Union is used to join pieces of pipe where pipes

cannot be turned or when a piece of
equipment may have to be removed for
maintenance or replace.
 TRANSITION UNION

Joins different types of tubing, such as CPVC to

brass.
 SADDLE TEE

Joins a smaller drainpipe to a larger one, such

as a 1-1/2” pipe to a 3” pipe. Used when
installing a drain on existing plumbing.
 PVC

Used as a cold water supply pipe in many

countries around the world because of the low
price and ease of installation.
 CPVC

Used as a hot or cold water supply pipe in

many countries around the world because of
the low price and ease of installation.
 P - TRAP
A P trap is a plumbing component that
prevents sewer gas from entering the home.
 CLEAN OUT

A plumbing cleanout is a critical component of

your plumbing system designed to provide
access to the pipes for inspection,
maintenance, and clearing blockages.
OTHER FIXTURES
 SLOP SINK
A slop sink is a utility sink typically
used for tasks such as cleaning dirty
tools or equipment, emptying mop
buckets, or doing laundry in
environments like garages,
basements, or utility rooms. It serves
as a convenient and practical
solution for various purposes within
the household (Black, 2023).
 DRINKING FOUNTAIN
A drinking fountain, also known as a
water fountain or water bubbler, is
designed to provide a free source of
drinking water in public areas. It
typically consists of a basin with either
continuously running water or a tap,
allowing the user to bend down and
swallow water directly from the
stream.
 LAUNDRY TUB
They are used to soak clothes and
provide people with a better
workstation to deal with the post-
machine fluff of cloth-folding. But
perhaps the coolest use is that it can
keep bottles of drinks and beer cold.
Unlike typical bathroom or kitchen
sinks, a laundry sink tub is shallower
and has a larger surface area.
 SHOWER BATH

A shower bath refers to

the act of cleansing oneself
by standing upright
beneath a stream of water
emitted from a
showerhead.
SHOWER RECEPTOR
 SCRUB SINK
Scrub sinks, also known as surgical sinks
or medical sinks, are used in healthcare
settings and operating rooms to
maintain good hygiene and prevent the
spread of bacteria. They serve as the
scrub station for surgeons and other OR
staff to scrub their hands and arms
before a surgical or invasive procedure
(Steris, 2023).
MODERN PLUMBING
FIXTURES
 WHIRPOOL BATH TUB
A whirlpool tub is a specialized bathtub
equipped with self-contained water or
air jets designed to deliver a
therapeutic and relaxing bathing
experience. These jets create streams
of water or bubbles that massage and
soothe your muscles, making whirlpool
tubs a popular choice for both
relaxation and physical therapy.
(Jensen, 2024)
 Kohler Numi toilet
Kohler Numi is a high-tech smart
toilet designed for luxury, comfort,
and advanced functionality. It
integrates smart technology,
hygiene features, and
customizable settings to enhance
the user experience.
 IOTA Folding toilet
Refers to a concept design for
a toilet where the bowl folds
up after use, significantly
reducing its footprint and
water usage compared to a
standard toilet.
 Waterfall sink
A waterfall sink is designed to
mimic the natural flow of a
waterfall, providing both
aesthetic appeal and functional
benefits. It is commonly used in
modern bathrooms and kitchens
for a luxurious and spa-like
experience.
3. ACCESSORIES
 ACCESSORIES

a thing which can be added to

something else in order to
make it more useful, versatile,
or attractive
TYPES OF ACCESSORIES
 Soap holder
A soap dish is a shallow,
open container or platform
where a bar of soap may be
placed to dry after use.
Soap dishes are usually
located in or near a sink,
shower, or bathtub.
 Paper Holder
A toilet-roll holder, also
known as a toilet paper
dispenser, is an item
that holds a roll of toilet
paper.
Toothbrush and tumbler
holder
Toothbrush and tumbler holder
keeps toothbrushes apart and
keeps them from contacting one
another.
A typical toothbrush and tumbler
holder should be mounted at a
height of 36-40 inches
 Towel holder bar
A towel bar, also known as
a towel rack or towel rail, is
a horizontal bar that holds
towels. It's usually made of
wood or metal and
mounted on a wall.
 Seat cover
Toilet seat cover is a
specially designed, paper
protective layer placed on
the toilet seat to provide
protection against
infections while using the
toilet.
PLUMBING UNIT (SEC. 217.13 NPC 1999)
is "a unit of measure, based on the rate of
discharge, time of operation and frequency of
use of a fixture, that expresses the hydraulic
load imposed by that fixture on the sanitary
plumbing installation".
 PLUMBING UNIT (SEC. 217.13 NPC 1999)
1 water meter, 1 water closet, 1
The minimum standard lavatory, 1 shower head and drain for
quantities of plumbing a bathtub or shower stall, 1 kitchen
fixtures that discharge sink, 1 laundry tray, 3 floor drains, 4
waste into a plumbing faucets/ hose Bibb
installation include;
13 Total numbers of fixtures and
fittings that comprise a plumbing
 TYPICAL FIXTURE LAYOUT FOR
TOILET AND BATH(MIN. DIMENSIONS)
 TOILET CLEARANCE FOR
DISABLED PERSON (PER BP
344 THE ACCESSIBILITY
LAW)
TOILET CLEARANCE FOR DISABLED PERSON
(PER BP 344 THE ACCESSIBILTY LAW)

The minimum dimension of a toilet

compartment for a person with a
disability (PWD) is 1.70 m by 1.80 m,
according to the Accessibility Law
(BP 344). The compartment should
also have a turning space of at least
1.50 m by 2.25 sq. m outside the
cubicle.
 MOUNTING
DIMENSIONS FOR
TOILET
& BATHROOM
ACCESSORIES
MOUNTING DIMENSIONS
OF
ACCESSORIES &
FITTINGS AT SHOWER
AREA
4. PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
5. ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING
OF TOILET AND BATH
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!