EXAM GUIDELINES
• DESCRIBE A FLIGHT ZONE
• DESCRIBE THE COMMON BEHAVIOUR OF CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS AND POULTRY UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
• GIVE THE REASONS/IMPORTANCE OF HANDLING FARM ANIMALS
• DESCRIBE THE EFFECT OF INCORRECT HANDLING ON FARM ANIMALS (HARM AND EFFECT)
• STATE THE BASIC GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS AND POULTRY
• IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES/TOOLS/AIDS/FACILITIES (DESIGN FEATURES, E.G. LOADING RAMPS,
CRUSH, VEHICLE) UTILISED TO HANDLE FARM ANIMALS
• THE BASIC GUIDELINES/REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTING/MOVING FARM ANIMALS FROM ONE FARM TO
ANOTHER/ABATTOIRS
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FLIGHT ZONE
•FLIGHT ZONE IS THE DISTANCE THAT ANIMALS
LIKE TO KEEP BETWEEN THEMSELVES AND A
THREAT OF DANGER
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FLIGHT ZONE
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FLIGHT ZONE
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•BLIND SPOT: AN AREA IN WHICH AN ANIMAL WILL KICK WHEN
APPROACHED
•HANDLER’S POSITION: A HANDLER INITIATES ANIMAL MOVEMENT
•POINT OF BALANCE: A POSITION WHERE THE ANIMAL MAINTAIN ITS
BALANCE
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IMPORTANT GUIDELINES WHEN HANDLING
ANIMALS
•HAVE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ANIMAL
•BE AWARE OF THEIR FLIGHT ZONE
•DO NO MAKE NOISE AND RAISE STICKS
•USE CORRECT HANDLING FACILITIES
•USE CORRECT TECHNIQUES
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SIGNS OF CATTLE THAT ARE DISTRESS
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SIGNS OF CATTLE THAT ARE DISTRESS
• PINNED OR RAISED EARS
• RAPID TAIL MOVEMENT
• HAIR RAISED ON THE BACK OF THE NECK
• PAWING (DRAW THE FOREFOOT ALONG THE GROUND, BEAT OR SCRAPE WITH THE
FOREFOOT)
• SNORTING (SOUND MADE BY EXCHANGING OR INHALING ROUGHLY) 6. FEIGNED
CHARGING
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SIGNS OF CHICKENS THAT ARE DISTRESS
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SIGNS OF CHICKENS THAT ARE DISTRESS
•SUDDEN FLIGHT
•SHARP SQUAWKS
•SEEK HIDING SPOTS
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SIGNS OF PIGS THAT ARE DISTRESS
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SIGNS OF PIGS THAT ARE DISTRESS
•LYING DOWN
•REFUSAL TO MOVE
•PANTING (QUICK BREATHING)
•BITE AT FENCES, WALLS
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REASONS FOR HANDLING FARM ANIMALS
• DEHORNING • FEEDING
• VACCINATION • HOOF TRIMMING
• DOSING • MARKING
• MILKING • MARKETING
• ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION • WEIGHING
• ROTATIONAL GRAZING • CLEANING OF PIGSTY
• SELECTION • DE-BEAKING
• HELP WITH CALVING • PLUCKING OF FEATHERS
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• TRAINING FOR SHOW TSABEDZE THE • TAIL DOCKING
COMPETITIONS
SUNRISE • CASTRATION
EXAMPLES OF INCORRECT HANDLING
• HANDLERS SHOUT, RAISE ARMS EXCITE AND AGITATE
• LIFTING ANIMALS WITH WOOLS CAUSES DAMAGE OF THE SKIN, WOOL AND
MEAT
• AGGRESSIVE HANDLING LEAD TO INJURED, STRESSED OR FATIGUED LIVESTOCK
• CATCHING POULTRY ON THE BODY CAN DAMAGE THE SKIN AND FEATHERS
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GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING SHEEP
•HANDLE A SHEEP BY
HANDLING IT ABOVE THE
JOINT OF THE HINGE LEG
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GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING PIGS
•GUIDE THEM WITH
PLYWOOD BOARD WITH
CUT-OUT HAND HOLDS
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GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING POULTRY
•APPROACH THEM
QUIETLY, CARRY THEM
BY BOTH LEGS OR BOTH
WINGS
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NECESSARY TOOLS IN A FARM
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ELASTRATOR/RUBBER RING
•USED FOR
•TAIL DOCKING AND
CASTRATION
•USED TO CASTRATE YOUNG
ANIMALS.
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ELECTRICAL HOT KNIFE
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ELECTRICAL HOT KNIFE
• TAIL DOCKING AND CASTRATION
• WHY FARMERS PREFER
ELECTRICAL HOT KNIFE?
• EASY TO USE FAST,
• CHEAP,
• BLOODLESS METHOD,
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BURDIZZO
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BURDIZZO
•CASTRATE ADULT
ANIMALS
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EMASCULATOR
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EMASCULATOR
•CASTRATION
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TOOLS/EQUIPMENT USED IN A FARM
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WHIP
•TO MAKE NOISE TO
HERD ANIMALS
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PRODDER
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ELECTRIC PRODDER
•AN ELECTRIC STICK
THAT SHOCKS AN
ANIMAL TO CONTROL
MOVEMENT.
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NOSE RING PLIER
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NOSE RING PLIER
•USE TO INSERT A NOSE
RING. NOSE RING IS USE IN
BULL TO MAKE IT EASIER
TO HANDLE
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HALTER
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HALTER
•HEAD GEAR TO
LEAD OR TIE UP
ANIMALS
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NECK CLAMP
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NECK CLAMP
•HOLD THE ANIMAL ON NECK
REGION MAKE IT STAND
WHILE ADMINISTERING
MEDICATION, EAR TAGGING
AND DEHORNING.
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CRUSH
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CRUSH
•THE CAGE USED TO
HANDLING ANIMALS
•OR
•DIRECT ANIMALS INTO THE
NECK CLAMP
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DEHORNING IRON
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DEHORNING IRON
•TO BURN OFF THE
HORN BUDS OF
YOUNG CALVES
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DOSING/ DRENCHING GUN
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DOSING/ DRENCHING GUN
•ADMINISTER LIQUID
MEDICATION TO
ANIMALS
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ELECTRICAL SHEEP CLIPPER
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ELECTRICAL SHEEP CLIPPER
•TO SHEAR SHEEP
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HOOF CLIPPER
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HOOF CLIPPER
•TO CLIP THE HOOVES
OF ANIMALS
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EAR TAG PLIER
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EAR TAG PLIER
•TO CLIP EAR TAGS
INTO THE EARS OF
ANIMALS
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LOADING RAMP
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LOADING RAMP
•USED FOR LOADING
ANIMALS TO A TRUCK
AND LOADING OFF
ANIMALS
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REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE
LOADING RAMP
•THE RAMP MUST BE STRONG ENOUGH
•THE RAMP MUST NOT BE SLIPPERY
•IT MUST NOT HAVE SHARP EDGES
•FUNCTIONAL FOR THE SPECIFIC ANIMAL
•ABLE TO SEE OTHER ANIMALS IN FRONT OF THEM/NO DEAD ENDS
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SUFFICIENT WIDTH ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF ANIMAL
HOLDING PEN
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HOLDING PEN
•IT IS USED TO KEEP
ANIMALS BEFORE
HANDLING
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HOLDING PEN, CRUSH AND HEAD GATE
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