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List of Indus Valley Civilisation Sites

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), existing from 3300–1300 BCE, spanned modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, with over 1400 sites discovered, including 925 in India and 475 in Pakistan. Key sites include Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, with significant archaeological findings such as urban centers, burial sites, and inscribed objects. The document also lists numerous IVC sites along with their excavations and findings, highlighting the civilization's extensive trade and cultural connections.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
384 views11 pages

List of Indus Valley Civilisation Sites

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), existing from 3300–1300 BCE, spanned modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, with over 1400 sites discovered, including 925 in India and 475 in Pakistan. Key sites include Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, with significant archaeological findings such as urban centers, burial sites, and inscribed objects. The document also lists numerous IVC sites along with their excavations and findings, highlighting the civilization's extensive trade and cultural connections.

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List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was a major early civilisation,
existing from 3300–1300 BCE. It covered much of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, as well as possessing
at least one trading colony in northeast Afghanistan.[1] Over 1400 Indus Valley civilisation sites have been
discovered,[2] of which 925 sites are in India and 475 in Pakistan.[3][4] Only 40 sites on the Indus valley had been
discovered in the pre-Partition era[5] by archaeologists.

The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-daro is located in modern-day
Sindh, while Harappa is in West Punjab.[6] Around 1,100 (80%) sites are located on the plains between the rivers
Ganges and Indus.[3] More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals that were discovered were found at ancient
urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.[7][8] More than 50 IVC
burial sites have been found, including at Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa,
Farmana, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Banawali, Alamgirpur and Chanhudaro .[9]
List of Indus Valley sites
Indus Valley Civilisation discoveries

Year Site District Province/state Country Image Excavations/findings


Meerut Impression of cloth on
Alamgirpur Uttar Pradesh India
District trough

Floor tiles of a house have


Karachi been discovered at this
Allahdino Sindh Pakistan
district
site[10]
Amri, Sindh Dadu District Sindh Pakistan Remains of rhinoceros

A stone fortification
Saurashtra,
Babar Kot Gujarat India wall,[11] plant remains of
Rajula
millets and gram.[11][12]
Earliest evidence of
garlic.[13] Several plant
remains were found here
include various types of
barley, wheat, rice, horse
gram, green gram, various
types of a pea, sesamum,
Balu,
Kaithal Haryana India melon, watermelon,
Haryana
grapes, dates, garlic, etc.
(Saraswat and Pokharia -
2001-2)[11] which is
comparable to a nearby
IVC site Kunal, Haryana
revealed remains of rice
(probably wild).

Excavated in 1973 by RS
Bisht.
Located alongside the
Saraswati River. This
area contains
evidence of both pre-
Fatehabad
1974[14] Banawali Haryana India Harappan and
District
Harappan culture as
well as high-quality
barley. Barley,
terracotta figure of
plough

Saharanpur
Bargaon Uttar Pradesh India
District[15]

Human skeleton,
Sri ornaments, five-meter-long
Baror Ganganagar Rajasthan India and three-meter clay oven,
district a pitcher filled with 8,000
pearls[16]
Late Harappan seal,
Devbhoomi inscribed jar, the mould of
Bet Dwarka Dwarka Gujarat India coppersmith, a copper
district
fishhook[17][18]
Bharuch
Bhagatrav Gujarat India
District
Graffiti of a dancing girl on
Fatehabad pottery, which resembles a
Bhirrana Haryana India
District dancing girl statue found
at Mohenjo-Daro
1931; excavated by NG
Majumdar
Located in Sindh,
Pakistan, on the
banks of the Indus
River. With no citadel,
it is merely an Indus
site. Excavated items
Nawabshah include bronze
1931[19] Chanhudaro
District
Sindh Pakistan
statues of bullock
carts and ekkas as
well as a small jar that
appears to be a kink
well. Bead making
factory, use of
lipstick,[20] only Indus
site without a citadel

unexcavated 9.6
Chapuwala Cholistan Punjab Pakistan
hectares[21]
A sculpture of a bronze
chariot, 45 cm long and
16 cm wide, yoked to two
oxen, driven by a man
Ahmadnagar 16 cm high standing in it;
Daimabad Maharashtra India and three other bronze
District
sculptures.[22]
Southernmost IVC site in
India, Late Harappan
Phase

Massive stone fortification,


Desalpur in Harappan pottery, three
Nakhtrana Kutch District Gujarat India script bearing seals; one of
Taluka, steatite, one of copper and
one of terracotta.[23]

1985[14] Dholavira Kutch District Gujarat India Excavated in 1967–1968


by JP Joshi.
Located in the
Gujarati district of
Kachchh on the banks
of the Luni River. Here
are traces of a
stadium, a special
water management
system, and the
Harappan inscription.
Figure of chariot tied
to a pair of bullocks
and driven by a nude
human, Water
harvesting and
number of reservoirs,
use of rocks for
constructions, wooden
"signboard" with Indus
characters found in a
gatehouse

Largest burial site of IVC,


Rohtak
Farmana Haryana India with 65 burials, found in
District
India
Equidistant from both
Harappa and
Mohenjodaro, it is near a
dry bed of the former
Ghaggar River. It is a site
Ganweriwala Punjab Pakistan of almost the same size as
Mahenjo-daro. It may have
been the third major center
in the IVC as it is near to
the copper-rich mines in
Rajasthan.

Production of shell
Gola Dhoro kutch district Gujarat India bangles, semi-precious
beads, etc.

1921–1923, Daya Ram


Sahni conducted the
excavation.
Located in Punjab's
Montgomery district
on the banks of the
Ravi River
(Pakistan).[19]
Excavations have
been done at
Sahiwal
Cemetry-37 and
1921[14] Harappa
District
Punjab Pakistan
Stone Dancing
Natraja. The first town
to be thoroughly
excavated and
examined is a major
Indus Valley
Civilisation settlement
with granaries, coffin
burials, and a plethora
of artefacts.

Hisar mound
inside Firoz Hisar District Haryana India Unexcavated site
Shah Palace

Saharanpur
Hulas Uttar Pradesh India
District

fortified citadel, lower


Juni Kuran Kutch District Gujarat India town, public gathering
area[24]
Jognakhera Kurukshetra Haryana India Copper smelting furnaces
with copper slag and pot
shards[25]

Gir Somnath Ceramic artifacts, including


Kaj Gujarat India
District bowls. Ancient port.[26][27]

Gir Somnath Single phase Harapppan


Kanjetar Gujarat India
District site.[26][27]
1961 saw the excavation
by BB Lal.
Located alongside the
Ghaggar River There
has been evidence of
a ploughed field, a
wooden furrow, seven
fire altars, camel
bones, and two
Hanumangarh different kinds of
1953[14] Kalibangan
District
Rajasthan India
burials (rectangular
and circular graves).
Baked/burnt bangles,
fire altars, small
circular pits containing
large urns and
accompanied by
pottery, bones of
camel

Skeleton of child,
Karanpura terracotta like pottery,
Hanumangarh
near Bhadra Rajasthan India bangles, seals similar to
district
city
other Harappan sites [28]

Ware House, Industrial


area, gold, copper, semi-
Khirasara Kutch district Gujarat India
precious stone, shell
objects, and weight hoards

Kerala-no- Salt production centre, by


dhoro or Saurashtra Gujarat India
Padri evaporating sea water[29]

Kot Bala
Lasbela Earliest evidence of
(also, Balochistan Pakistan
District furnace, seaport
Balakot)

Khairpur
Kot Diji Sindh Pakistan
District

Kotada Fortification bastion few


Kutch District Gujarat India
Bhadli houses foundations[30]

Kunal, Fatehabad Earliest pre-Harappan site,


Haryana India
Haryana District Copper smelting.[31]
Kuntasi Rajkot District Gujarat India Small port

major unexcavated site


Lakhan-jo- Sukkur
Sindh Pakistan (greater than 300
daro District
hectares)
Larkana
1922[14] Larkana
District
Sindh Pakistan
Ancient archaeological
Loteshwar Patan District Gujarat India
site[32]
1931; excavated by NG
Majumdar.
Located in Sindh,
Pakistan, on the
banks of the Indus
River. With no citadel,
it is merely an Indus
site. Excavated items
include bronze
Ahmedabad statues of bullock
1953[14] Lothal
District
Gujarat India
carts and ekkas as
well as a small jar that
appears to be a kink
well. Bead making
factory, dockyard,
button seal, fire altars,
painted jar, earliest
cultivation of rice
(1800 BC)

Northernmost Harappan
Manda, Jammu Jammu & site in Himalayan
India
Jammu District Kashmir
foothills[33]
Southernmost Harappan
Malwan Surat District Gujarat India
site in India[34]
Muzaffarnagar
Mandi Uttar Pradesh India
district

Earliest agricultural
Mehrgarh Kachi District Balochistan Pakistan community (7000-5000
BC)

Bhiwani
Mitathal Haryana India
District

1922[19] Mohenjo- Larkana Sindh Pakistan 1922; excavated by RD


Daro District Bannerji
Located in Sindh's
Larkana district on the
banks of the Indus
River (Pakistan). The
site's unique features
are the Assembly Hall,
Collegiate Building,
and Great Bath. An
excavated artifact
includes a piece of
woven cotton and the
seal of Pashupati
Mahadeva, or proto-
Shiva. Great Bath (the
biggest bath ghat),
Great granary, Bronze
dancing girl, Bearded
man, terracotta toys,
Bull seal, Pashupati
seal, three cylindrical
seals of the
Mesopotamian type, a
piece of woven cloth

Fortified settlement.
Mature and late Harappan
phases of civilisation
found. Harappan jar
shards, burial cairns,
Morodharo Kutch District Gujarat India
boundary stones to mark
graves found. Closely
resembles Dholavira and
has evidence of being an
ancient seaport.

Nageshwar Kutch District Gujarat India Shell working site[35]

Navinal Kutch district Gujarat India [36]

Nausharo
Kachi District Balochistan Pakistan
near Dadhar
Ongar Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan

A large building complex,


unicorn seal, shell
bangles, beads, copper
bangles, needles,
antimony rods, steatite
micro beads; pottery
Pabumath Kutch District Gujarat India include large and medium
size jars, beaker, dishes,
dish-on-stand, perforated
jars etc.; fine red pottery
with black painted designs
etc.[37]
At 100 hectares, this has
Pathani the potential to be another
Makran Balochistan Pakistan
Damb
city.[38]
Pir Shah
Karachi Sindh Pakistan
Jurio

Pirak Sibi Balochistan Pakistan

Terracotta wheels, toys,


Rakhigarhi Hisar District Haryana India figurines, pottery. Large
site, partially excavated
Ahmedabad
Rangpur Gujarat India Seaport
District

Rehman Dera Ismail Khyber


Pakistan
Dheri Khan Pakhtunkhwa

Rojdi Rajkot District Gujarat India


Rupnagar
Rupar Punjab India
District

Burial site with 125 burials


found, copper antenna
Baghpat
Sanauli[39] District
Uttar Pradesh India sword with a hilt and first
time chariots were
discovered
Sheri Khan Khyber-
Bannu District Pakistan pottery, lithic artifact
Tarakai Pakhtunkhwa
Shikarpur, Food habit details of
Kutch District Gujarat India
Gujarat[40] Harappans

Darqad Takhar
Shortugai Afghanistan
District Province
Siswal Hisar (district) Haryana India

Sokhta Koh Makran Balochistan Pakistan Pottery

Sothi near
Bagpat district Uttar Pradesh India
Baraut
Excavated in 1972 by JP
Joshi.
Located between the
Sabarmati and
Bhogavo rivers. Here,
1964[14] Surkotada Kutch District Gujarat India there is proof of a
horse burial, an oval
grave, and a pit burial.
Bones of a horse
(only site)

Bangles of clay,
Sutkagan westernmost-known site of
Makran Balochistan Pakistan
Dor
IVC[41]

Houses, pottery, terracotta,


seals with script, semi-
Bhiwani
Tigrana Haryana India precious stones, evidence
district
of crop cultivation and
anima; domestication.[42]
Vejalka Botad district Gujarat India pottery

Context of IVC sites and cultures


Wider context of the IVC includes the following:

Meluhha
Indus–Mesopotamia relations
Conflict with the Akkadians and Neo-Sumerians
List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization
Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization
Sanitation of the Indus Valley civilisation
Periodisation of the Indus Valley civilisation
Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
Bara culture, subtype of Late-Harappan Phase
Cemetery H culture (2000-1400 BC), early Indo-Aryan pottery at IVC sites later evolved into
Painted Grey Ware culture of Vedic period
Black and red ware, belonging to neolithic and Early-Harappan phases
Sothi-Siswal culture, subtype of Early-Harappan Phase
See also
Timeline of Pakistani history
Timeline of Indian history
List of archaeological sites by country
World Heritage Sites by country

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McIntosh, Jane R. (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives (https://books.google.com/bo
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