9.

LIMITS
Synopsis :

1. Let f(x) be a function defined over a deleted neighborhood of ‘a’ and l  R.

i) If for each  > 0 there exists >0, such that |f(x)−l|< when ever 0<|x−a|< then we say that
Lim f(x) = l .
x→a

2. If limit of a function exists then it is unique.

3. If Lim f(x) = Lim f(x) = l, then Lim f(x) = l .
x→a− x→a+ x→a

4. If f(x) = c (constant), then Lim f(x) = c .

x→a
f Lim f(x)
5. Lim (x) = x→a provided Lim g(x)  0 .
 
x→a g  x→a g(x)
Lim x→a
6. n
Lim f (x) = Lim f(x) n
x→a x→a
1
7. Lim f(x) =   Lim =0 the converse need not be true.
x→a x→a f(x)
8. If f(x)  g(x)  h(x) for every x in the deleted neighborhood of a and Lim f(x) = l = Lim h(x) then
x→a x→a
Lim g(x) = l.
x→a
9. Lim f(x) = l and Lim g(y) = m, then Lim(gof )(x) = m .
x→a y→l x→a

10. Lim log[f(x)] = logLim f(x) , if Lim f(x) exists and is positive.
x→a  x→a  x→a
sin  tan 
11. Lim = 1 = Lim

where  is in radians.
→0  →0 

12. Lim a − 1 = loge a

x

x→0 x

13. Lim e − 1 = 1
x

x→0 x
14. Lim e1/ x = , Lim e1/ x = 0
x→0+ x→0−

15. Lim e −1/ x

= 0, Lim e−1/ x = 
x→0+ x→0−

16. Lim x = 0 if |x|<1

n
n→

17. Lim xn =  if x>1

n→

L’Hospials rule :
f(a) 0  f(x) f I(a)
18. If is of the form or , Lim = .
g(a) 0  x→a g(x) I
g (a)
x2 x3
19. x= + + + + 
e 1 x to
2 3 ......
x x2 2
a = 1+ x + (loge a) + (loge a) + ...
2

1
 Limits
2 3 4
x x x
log(1+x) = x − + −
− .... (−1<x1)
2
3 4
x2 x3 x4
log(1−x) = − x − − − −....... (−1x<1)
2 3 4
x3 x5 x7
sinx = x − + − + ....
3! 5! 7!
x2 x4 x6
cosx = 1 − + − + ....
2! 4! 6!
x3 2 5
tanx = x + + x + ....
3 15
xn − an
20. If n  Q, then Lim = n.a n−1
x→a x −a
21. If m, n  Q then xm − am m m−n
= .a
Lim
x→a xn − an n
22. If f(x) and g(x) are two polynomials such that degree of f(x) = m and degree of g(x) = n then

0,
 for m  n
=  ,
f(x)
Lim for m  n
x→ g(x)  coefficient of xn in (numerator)
 n
for m = n
 coefficient of x in (denominator)
Lim x 2 + ax + b − x =
a
23.
x→  2
  −a
24. Lim x − x + ax + b  =
2

x→  2

25. Lim =1
n
x→0 x
1
2 −1
26. Lim a + x −m a − x = an
n m n m

x→0 x n
 1 x
27. Lim(1+ x)1/ x = Lim1 +  = e
x→0 x→ x
 a x
28. Lim(1 + ax)1/ x = Lim1 +  = ea
x→0 x→ x

2
 10. CONTINUITY
Synopsis :
1. Let f be a function defined in a neighborhood of ‘a’.
i) If Lim f(x) = f(a) then we say that f(x) is continuous at x = a.
x→a

ii) If Lim f(x) = f(a) then we say that f(x) is left continuous at x = a.
x→a−

iii) If Lim f(x) = f(a) then we say that f(x) is right continuous at x = a.
x→a+

2. If f(x) is not continuous at x = a, then we can say that f(x) is discontinuous at x = a.

 either Lim f(x) does not exists
3. f(x) is discontinuous at x = a or x→a
Lim f(x)  f(a)
 x→a

4. If f is continuous at every point in a set A, then we can say that f is continuous on the set A.
5. A function f is said to be continuous on [a b] if
i) f is right continuous at x = a.
ii) f is left continuous at x = b.
iii) f is continuous at x = c where a < c < b.
6. If f(x) is continuous at x = a and g is continuous at f(a), then gof is continuous at x = a.
7. If f(x) and g(x) are continuous at x = a, then
i) (f g)(x) and (f.g)(x) are continuous at x = a.
8. Every constant function is continuous on R.
9. The identify function is continuous on R.
10. Every polynomial function is continuous on R.
11. The function sinx and cosx are continuous on R.
  
12. The function tanx and secx are continuous on R− x : x = (2n + 1) , n  Z .
 2 

13. The function cotx and cosecx are continuous on R−x : x = n, n  Z

14. f(x) = [x] is continuous on R−Z and discontinuous on Z.

15. If f(x) is continuous at x=a, then |f(x)| is continuous at x = a. The converse need not be true.
16. The function f(x) = ex and f(x) = ax (a>0) are continuous on R

1
 11. DIFFERENTIATION
Synopsis :
1. Let f be a function defined in a neighbourhood of a real number a. Then f is said to be differentiable or
f(x) − f(a)
derivable at a if Lt exists. The limit is called the derivative or differential coefficient of f at a. It is
x→a x−a
denoted by fI(a).
f(a + h) − f(a)
2. If f is differentiable at a, then fI(a) = Lt .
h→0 h
3. Let f be a function defined on a neighbourhood of a real number a. Then f is said to be right differentiable at
f(x) − f(a)
a if Lt exists. The limit is called the right derivative of f at a. It is denoted by fI(a + ).
x→a+ x−a
f(x) − f(a)
4. Similarly the left derivative of a function f at a is defined as fI(a−) = Lt .
x→a− x−a
5. Let f be a function defined on [a, b]. Then f is said to be differentiable on [a, b] if
i) f is differentiable at c where c  (a, b)
ii) f is right differentiable at a
iii) f is left differentiable at b.
6. If a function f is differentiable at a, then f is continuous at a.
d
7. If c is a constant then {c} = 0.
dx
d
8. {x} = 1.
dx
d
9. {xn } = nxn−1 .
dx
d 1
10. { x} = .
dx 2 x
f(x) fI(x)
cR 0
x 1
xn; n  N nxn−1
xn; n  R nxn−1
ex ex
ax, a  R + axloga
logx 1/x
|x| |x|/x, x0
log|x| 1/x
xx xx(1 + logx)
sinx cosx
cosx −sinx
tanx sec2x
cotx −cosec2x
secx secxtanx

1
 Derivatives
cosecx −cosecxcotx
–1
Sin x 1
1 − x2
Cos–1 x −1
1− x 2
Tan–1 x 1
1+ x2
Cot–1 x −1
1+ x 2
Sec–1 x 1
| x | x2 −1
Cosec–1 x −1
| x | x2 −1
Sinhx coshx
Coshx sinhx
Tanhx sech2x
Cothx −cosech2x
Sechx −sechxtanhx
Cosechx −cosechxcothx
Sinh–1 x 1
1+ x 2
Cosh–1 x 1
x2 − 1
Tanh–1 x 1
(|x|<1)
1− x2
Coth–1 x 1
(|x|>1)
1− x2
Sech–1 x −1
| x | 1− x 2
Cosech–1 x −1
| x | x2 + 1

11. d
f(x) = f(x)
g( x) g( x)

 g(x)
f I(x)
+ gI (x)log f(x)



dx  f(x) 

12.
d
dx

f(x)f(x) = f(x) f(x)
1+ log f(x)f I(x)
dy y 2f I(x) y 2f I(x)
13. If y = f(x)y, then = =
dx f(x)[1− y log f(x)] f(x)[1− log y]

2
 Derivatives
dy f I(x)
14. If y = f(x) + y , then = .
dx 2y − 1
1 2 I
15. If y = f(x) + , then dy = y f (x)
y dx y2 + 1
16. If f(x, y) = c is an implicit function, then dy = − f / f .
dx x y
17. If f(x + y) = f(x)f(y),  x,y  R and f(x)  0, f(a) = k, fI(0) exists, then fI(a) = kfI(0).
dy
18. If y = f(x) f(x) f(x).... , then = f I(x) .
dx
19. If xmyn = (x + y)m + n, then dy = y .
dx x

3
 LIMITS (EAMCET)

OBJECTIVES

1. x+h−x
lim =
h→0 h

1 1
(a) (b)
2x x

(c) 2 x (d) x

lim x −1
2. =
x →1 2 x2−7x+5

(a) 1/3 (b) 1/11

(c) –1/3 (d) None of these

3. lim n =
n → n+n+1

(a) 1 (b) 1/2

(c) 0 (d) 
sin ax
4. lim =
x →0 sin bx

(a) a/b (b) b / a

(c) 1 (d) None of these
x
5. lim =
x →0 | x |+x2

(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) Does not exist
6. lim sin − cos

=
 → / 4−
4

(a) 2 (b) 1 / 2
(c) 1 (d) None of these

7. lim 1 + sin x − 1 − sin x =

x →0 x

(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) –2
 xe 1 / x
8. lim =
x →0 + 1 + e 1/x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c)  (d) None of these
lim x(e −1) =x
9. − cos x
x →0 1

(a) 0 (b) 
(c) –2 (d) 2
10. lim x log(sin x) =
x →0

(a) –1 (b) log e 1

(c) 1 (d) None of these
11. lim (x + 2) − (a + 2) =
5/3 5/3

x→a x−a
5
(a) (a + 2)2 / 3 (b) 5 (a + 2)5 / 3
3 3

(c) 5 2/3
a (d) 5 a 5 / 3
3 3
 x 3
sin x − x + 
12. lim 6 =

x →0  x5 
 

(a) 1/120 (b) –1/120

(c) 1/20 (d) None of these
13. 1 − cos 2x
lim =
x →0 x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4
14. e 1/x− 1
lim
1/x+
=
x →0 e 1

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) Does not exist
15. sin x − x
lim =
x →0 x3

(a)
1
(b) − 1
3 3

(c) 1
(d) − 1
6 6
 x 2 − tan 2 x
16. lim =
x →0 tan x

(a) 2 (b) –2
(c) 0 (d) None of these
17. If f(a) = 2, f '(a) = 1, g(a) = −1; g'(a) = 2 , then g(x)f(a) − g(a)f(x)
lim =
x →a x−a

(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 0 (d) –3
18. 3 + 23 + 3 3 +......... + n 3 
lim =
x → n4 

1 1
(a) (b)
2 3
1
(c) (d) None of these
4

log x
19. lim =
x →1 x −1

(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) 
1 − cos x
20. lim =
x →0 sin 2 x

(a) 1
(b) − 1
2 2

(c) 2 (d) None of these

cos x − cos a
21. lim =
x →a cos x − cot a
1 1
(a) sin 3 a (b) cosec 2 a
2 2

(c) sin 3 a (d) cosec 3 a

x 2 + a2 − x 2 + b2
22. lim =
x →
x 2+c 2− x2+d2

a2 − b2 (b) a 2 + b 2
2 2
(a)
c2 − d 2 c −d

a 2 + b2 (d) None of these

(c)
c2+d2

lim x.2 − x =
x
23.
x →0 1 − cos x

(a) 0 (b) log 4

(c) log 2 (d) None of these
24. tan x − sin x
lim =
x →0 x3

(a) 1
(b) − 1
2 2

2
(c) (d) None of these
3

lim x − 2 = 80 ,
n n
25. If where n is a positive integer, then n =
x →2 x − 2

(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 2 (d) None of these
26. lim 1 + cos 2 x =
x → / 2 (
− 2 x)2

(a) 1 (b) 2

1
(c) 3 (d)
2

(1 + x)n − 1
27. lim =
x →0 x

(a) n (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None of these
28. e sin x − 1
lim =
x →0 x

(a) 1 (b) e
(c) 1/e (d) None of these
29. (1 + x)1 / 2 − (1 − x)1 / 2
lim =
x →0 x

(a) 0 (b) 1/2

(c) 1 (d) –1
30. 1 − cos 
lim =
 →0 2

(a) 1 (b) 2
1 1
(c) (d)
2 4

1 − cos mx
31. lim =
x →0 1 − cos nx

(a) m / n (b) n / m
m2 n2
(c) (d)
2
n m2
 1+x−1−x
32. lim −1
=
x →0 sin x

(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None of these
33. (a + h)2 sin(a + h) − a 2 sin a
lim =
h→0 h

(a) a cos a + a 2 sin a (b) a sin a + a 2 cos a

(c) 2a sin a + a 2 cos a (d) 2a cos a + a 2 sin a
|x−2|
34. lim =
x →2 x −2

(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) Does not exist (d) None of these
35. sin 3 − sin
lim =
 →0 sin

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 1/3 (d) 3/2
36. lim[x(a1 / x − 1)] , (a  1) =
x →

(a) log x (b) 1

(c) 0 (d) − log 1
a

sin(e x −2 − 1) lim f(x) is given by

37. If f(x) = , then
log(x − 1) x →2

(a) –2 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) 1
38. e x− e x
lim =
x →0 x
1
(a)  +  (b) +


(c)  2 −  2 (d)  − 
x,
39. If f(x) = when x  1 lim f(x) =
 2 , then
 x , when x  1 x →1

(a) x2 (b) x

(c) −1 (d) 1
 2/x
40. The value of  ax + bx + cx 
lim
x →0  3  ; (a, b, c  0) is
 

(a) (abc)3 (b) abc

(c) (abc)1 / 3 (d) None of these
c+dx
41. If a, b, c, d are positive, then lim 1 + 1  =
x → a + bx 

(a) ed /b (b) e c /a

(c) e (c + d ) /(a + b) (d) e

42.  sin(x + a) + sin(a − x) − 2 sin a 

lim =

x →0  x sin x 

(a) sin a (b) cos a

1
(c) − sin a (d) cos a
2

43. The value of lim x m (log x)n , m, n  N is

x →0 +

(a) 0 (b) m
n

(c) mn (d) None of these

44. lim 3+x−3−x =

x→0 x

(a) –1 (b) 0
1
(c) 3 (d)
3


45. lim  x + x + x − x  is equal to
x → 


1
(a) 0 (b)
2

(c) log 2 (d) e 4

46. lim{(1 − sin x) tan x} is

x→
2


(a) (b) 1
2

(c) 0 (d) 
  1 + tan x cosec x
47. lim  is equal to
x →0 1 + sin x 

1
(a) e (b)
e

(c) 1 (d) None of these

48.  − cos −1 x is given by

x →−1 x+1

1 1
(a) (b)
 2

(c) 1 (d) 0

49. log(a + x) − log a log x − 1

lim + k lim = 1, then
x →0 x x →e x−e
(a) k=  1
e1− 
 a

(b) k = e(1 + a)

(c) k = e(2 − a)

(d) The equality is not possible

 x + a x +b
50. lim   =
x →  x + b 

(a) 1 (b) e b −a
(c) e a−b (d) e b
x 3− 8
51. The value of the limit of as x tends to 2 is
x2−4

3
(a) 3 (b)
2

(c) 1 (d) 0
−1  3x−x3 −1 
1−x2 f(x) − f(a) 1
52. If f(x)= cot  1− 3 x 2  and  
g(x) = cos 1 +,xthen xli→ma g(x)− g(a), 0  a  2 is
   2 

3 3
(a) (b)
2(1 + a2 ) 2(1 + x 2 )

(c) 3
(d) − 3
2 2

53.  n n equals
lim 
n → n + y 

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 1/v (d) e −y
 (1 + x)1 / x − e
54. lim equals
x →0 x

(a)  / 2 (b) 0
(c) 2 / e (d) – e / 2
55. sin x − 1
lim asin x =
x →0 b −1
a b
(a) (b)
b a

(c) log a (d) log b

log b log a

56. The value of (1 − cos 2x) sin 5 x

lim is
x →0 x 2 sin 3 x

(a) 10/3 (b) 3/10

(c) 6/5 (d) 5/6
log x n − [x]
57. lim , n  N , ([x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x)
x → [x]

(a) Has value –1 (b) Has value 0

(c) Has value 1 (d) Does not exist

 
58. The value of lim a + x − a − x is
 
x →0  x 


(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) a (d) 1 / a
59. sin−1 x − tan −1 x
lim is equal to
x →0 x3

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) 1 / 2
4 −9 x x

60. lim =
x →0 x(4 +x 9) x

2 1 3
(a) log   (b) log  
3 2 2

3
(c) log  (d)
1 2 log  
2 3 2

61. lim [x] = , (where [.] = greatest integer function)

x →3

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) Does not exist (d) None of these
 lim a − a
cot x cos x
62. =
x − cos x
x → / 2 cot

(a) log a (b) log 2

(c) a (d) log x
63. sin( cos 2 x)
lim =
x →0 x2

(a) − (b) 
(c)  / 2 (d) 1
f(x) − 1 is
64. If f(1)= 1, f(1)= 2 , then lim
x →1 x−1

(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 1 (d) 1/2
n S −S
a and lim a is equal to
n+1 n
65. If Sn = k n = a, then lim
n →
n → n
k =1
k
k =1

(a) 0 (b) a
(c) 2a (d) 2a
e x− e −x
66. lim is
x →0 sin x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) Non existent
1
67. The value of lim 1 + 1 1 1
+ + + ... + is equal to
n→ 1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9 (2n − 1)(2n + 1)

(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3

(c) 1/4 (d) None of these
x x x
68. The value of lim cos cos cos x
   
 
 ... cos 
is
n
n → 2 4 8   2

sin x
(a) 1 (b)
x

x
(c) (d) None of these
sin x

1
69. lim(1 − ax) x =
x→0

(a) e (b) e − a
(c) 1 (d) e a
 (x + 1)10 + (x + 2)10 +....... + (x + 100)10 is equal to
70. lim
x →
x 10 + 1010

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 10 (d) 100
lim1 +
a b 2 x
71. If +2  = e 2, then the values of a and b are
x → x x

(a) a = 1, b =2 (b) a = 1, b  R
(c) a  R, b = 2 (d) a  R, b  R

72. If log(3 + x) − log(3 − x) then the value of k is

lim = k,
x →0 x

(a) 0 (b) − 1
3

(c) 2
(d) − 2
3 3
 1 2 n 
73. lim + + ... + is equal to

n →  1 − n 2 
1 − n2 1 − n2 

(a) 0 (b) − 1
2
1
(c) (d) None of these
2
sin[x]
, when [x]  0
74. If  [x] where [x] is greatest integer function, then lim f(x) =
f(x) =
 x →0
0, when [x] = 0



(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) None of these
9 n2 
75.  1 4 + ........ +
lim  + =
3 3
+ 3
3
n → 
n + 1 n+1 n+1 n + 1 

(a) 1 (b) 2/3

(c) 1/3 (d) 0
−
76. If lim 1 − (10 )n = , then give the value of is
n +1
n → 1 + (10 ) 10

(a) 0 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) 2
1 1 1 1
77. lim + + + ... + equals
n→ 2 22
23
2n

(a) 2 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) 3
 x

78. The value of lim 

2
cos t
0
dt is
x →0 x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) −1 (d) None of these
79. If lim [(a − n)nx − tan x] sin nx = 0, where n is non zero real number, then a is equal to
x →0 x2

(a) 0 (b) n + 1
n

(c) n (d) n + 1
n

80. 2 x −1
lim =
x →0 (1 + x)1 / 2 − 1

(a) log 2 (b) log 4

(c) log 2 (d) None of these

lim log[1 +3 x ] =
3
81. The value of
x →0 sin x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) None of these
 LIMITS
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Apply L-Hospital rule,

2. (c) Apply L-Hospital’s rule.
1 1
3. (b) lim = .
n→ 1 2
1+ 1+
n
a
4. (a) lim sin ax = lim a sin ax bx = .
x →0 sin bx x →0 b ax sin bx b

5. (c) Apply L-Hospital‘s rule .

6. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule,
7. (b) Apply L-Hospital‘srule,
x
8. (a) lim =0 as e −1 / x → 0 when x → 0+
−1 / x
x →0 + 1 +e

9. (d) x (e x − 1) 2 x (e x − 1)
lim =
lim x
x →0 1 − cos x x →0 4. sin2
2

 
 2 x 
= 2 lim (x / 2)   e  −= 12.
x →0  2 x  
 x
sin  
 2 

10. (b) lim x log sin x = lim log (sin x)x = log [lim (sin x)x ]
x →0 x →0 x →0

 x (sin x −1) 
= log lim (1 + sin x − 1) sin x −1 
x →0 

lim x (sin x −1)

= log e [e x →0 ] = log e 1.

11. (a) Apply the L-Hospital‘s rule, f(x) f (x)

lim = lim .
x →a g(x) x →a g (x)

12. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule

13. (a) x . 2 sin2 x  sin x 2
lim = 2. lim   lim x = 0 .
x →0 x2 x →0 x
 x →0

 e1 / x − 1 
14. (d) e1f(x/)x=+ 1  then
 
 1
 e1 / h − 1  e1 / h  1 − e1 / h 

lim f(x) = lim  = lim  =1
x→0+ h→ 0 e1 / h + 1  h→ 0 1 /h 1
  e 1 + 
 e1 / h
 Similarly lim f(x) = −1 . Hence limit does not exist.
x→ 0−

15. (d) Apply L-Hospital’s rule.

 2 tan 2 x 
x x − 2x 
 
16. (b) lim = −2.
x →0 tan x

17. (b) lim f(a)[g(x) − g(a)] − g(a)[f(x) − f(a)]

x →a [x − a]

= f(a)g(a) − g(a)f (a) = 2  2 − (−1)(1) = 5.

 12
1 + 
 n 1
18. (c) lim = .
n → 4 4

1
log x
19. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule, lim = lim x = 1
x →1 x − 1 x →1 1

20. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule two times.

cos x − cos a  − sin x  3 3

21. (c) lim = lim  = lim sin x = sin a .


x →a cot x − cot a x →a  − cosec 2 x  x →a
 
 c2 2 
+ + 1+ d 

2 
1 x 2
22. (a) lim (a − b )  x2 =a2−b2 .
2

x → (c 2 − d 2 )  2 
a2 c2−d2
 1 + + 1+b 
 x2 x 2 

2 x −1 x2
lim x.(2 − 1) = lim
x
23. (b) .
x →0 1 − cos x x→0 x 1 − cos x
= x2
x = (log 2). 2 = 2 log 2 = log 4 .
log 2 . lim
x →0
2 sin 2
2

24. (a) tan x − sin x sin x − sin x cos x

lim = lim
x →0 x 3 x →0 x 3 cos x
 2 x   2x 
2 = lim  sin. x 2 . sin 2 . 1  =1 .
= lim sin x  2 sin  2
x →0 x 3 cos x x →0  x cos x  x  2 4
   
 2 

lim x − 2 = n. 2 n−1  n. 2
n n
25. (b) n−1
= 80  n = 5 .
x →2 x−2
 
26. (d) put  − 2 x =  x = −
2 2

27. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule.

28. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule
29. (c) Apply L-Hospital’s rule
30. (c) Apply L-Hospital’s rule
 lim 1 − cos mx = lim m sin mx = lim m cos mx = m .
2
31. (c) 2

x→0 1 − cos nx x →0 n sin nx x →0 n cos nx

2 n 2

32. (b) Let sin −1

x = y  x = sin y

So lim 1 + sin y − 1 − sin y =1

y→0 y

33. (c) Apply L-Hospital’s rule,

34. (c) lim | x − 2 | = lim | 2 − h − 2 | = −1
x →2− x −2 h→0 2 − h − 2

and lim | x − 2 | = lim | 2 + h − 2 | = 1

x →2+ x −2 h→0 2 + h − 2

Hence limit does not exist.

35. (b) sin 3 − sin sin 3 sin
lim = lim − lim
 →0 sin   →0 sin  →0 sin

3
= − 1 = 2.
1

36. (d) 1/x

− =  a1 / x − 1 
lim x (a 1) lim 
x → x → 
 1/x 
1/ x
[e loge a
−1] 1
= lim = loge a = −loge .
x→ 1/ x a
37. (d) lim f(x) = lim sin(e x −2 − 1)
x →2 x →2 log (x − 1)

sin(e − 1) t
= lim , {Putting x = 2 + t}
t→0 log (1 + t)

sin(e t − 1) e t − 1 t
= lim t . .
t→0 e−1 t log (1 + t)

 
sin (e t − 1)  1 t  1
. + + ...     
lim
= t →0  1 − 1 t + 1 t 2 − ... 
e t− 1 1 ! 2!
 
 2 3 

ex − e x ex − 1 − e x + 1
38. (d) lim = lim
x →0 x x →0 x
x
e −1 e x − 1
=  lim −  lim = .1 −  .1 =  −  .
x →0 x x →0 x

39. (d) lim f(x) = 1 = lim f(x) .

x →1− x →1+

40. (d) Standard formula.

41. (a)  c +dx
 1 c +dx 1  a+bx  a+bx d/b
lim 1 +  = lim 1 +   =e
x →  a + bx  x →  
 a + bx  
  c + dx d
1 a+bx = e
□ lim 1 + and lim = .
x →  a + bx 
 x → a + bx b

42. (c) (cos x − 1) (1 − cos x)  x 

lim 2 sin a . = −2 sin a . .
x →0 x sin x 

x2  sin x 
 

= lim − 2 sin a . 2 sin 2 (x / 2)

x →0  x  2  sin x = − sin a .

4   
2x

(log x)n
43. (a) lim x m (log x)n = lim
x →0 + x →0 + x −m

44. (d) Apply L-Hospital’s rule twotimes.

 
45. (b) lim  x + x + x − x  = lim x+x+x−x
x →   x → x+x+x+ x

x+ x 1
= lim = lim 1+ x−1/2 = .
x−1 + x−3/ 2 +1 2
x→ x→
x+ x+ x + x 1+

46. (c)   sin x − sin 2 x

lim (1 − sin x) tan x = lim
x → / 2 x → / 2 cos x

Apply L-Hospital’s rule,

47. (c) Given limit = lim[(1 + tan x)cosec x 1 /(1 + sin x)cosec x ]
x →0

= lim [{1 + tan x)cot x }sec x  {1 /(1 + sin x)cosec x }]

x →0

1 1
= e sec 0 . =e. = 1.
e e

48. (b) Put cos −1 x = y. So if x → −1, y → 

  − cos −1 x = lim −y

lim
x →−1 x+1 y→ 1 + cos y

49. (a) Apply L-Hospital’s rule to find both the limits.

a−b
 x +b 
x +b
x +b
a−b 
50. (c)  x+a  = lim 1 1) a − b  a−b  = e a−b .
lim   = lim 1+    
x →  x + b x → x+b x → x +b 
 

51. (a) L-Hospital's rule, we get

52. (d)
  1 
n −1
 n n  y −n  y n 
53. (d) lim   = lim   = lim 1 +  = lim 1 +   =e
−y
.
n→  n + y  n→  y n→  n  n→   n  
1+  
 n

1 1
[log(1+ x )]
54. (d) (1 + x) x =ex
1 x2 x3 x4   x x2 x3 
 x − + − +.... 1− + − + ....
x 2 3 4 2 3 4
= e   = e 
 x x 2 x3 
− + − +.... 
 2 3 4 

= e.e  

 x x 2   x
x3 x2 x3

2 
 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ...   − 2 + 3 − 4 + ...  
   
= e + + ...
 1! 2! 
 
 
 ex 11e 2 
= e− + x + ... + ...
 2 24 
 ex 11e 
e− − x 2 + ...e
 lim (1+ x) − e = lim  2 24 
1 /x
 
x→0 x x →0  x 
 
 lim − e − 11e x + ...  = − e .
x →0  2 24 2

lim a − 1 = lim asin x − 1

sin x
55. (c) sin x
sin x  sin x
x →0 b −1 x →0 sin x b −1

= log a  1
=
log a
.
e
loge b log b

56. (a) (1 − cos 2 x)sin 5 x 2 sin 2 x sin 5 x

lim = lim
x →0 x 2 sin 3x x →0 x 2 sin 3 x
 sin 5 x 
 
 2 sin2 x   x 
= xli→m0 x 2   sin 3 x 
 
 x 
 sin x   sin 5 x 
= lim 2  5 l xim→0
 5 x  = 2  5 = 10 .
2
   sin 3 x 
x →0  x  3 lim 
3 3

x →0 3x 

[x]
57. (a) lim log x − [x] = lim log x − lim = 0 − 1 = −1.
n n

x → [x] x → [x] x → [x]

 a+x−a−x 
58. (d) lim = lim −a−x) + a − x )
   +x +x 
x →0  x
  x →0  x( a + x + a −x) 

 2x  2 1
= lim = = .

x →0  x( a + x + a − x ) a+ a
  a
59. (d) Applying L-Hospital’s rule,
60. (a) L-Hospital’s rule,
61. (c) lim [3 + h] = 3 and lim [3 − h] = 2
h→0+ h→0−

 lim [x] does not exist.

x →3

 a cot x − a cos x  cos x   − 1

acot x −cos x
62. (a) lim  = x → / 2  cot lim a
x − cos x 
x → / 2  cot x − cos x 

 cot x −cos x − 1 
cos( / 2)    a 
=a cot x − c.o=s1.xolga= log alim
x → / 2

 

 cos( cos 2 x). .2 cos x(− sin x) 

63. (b) Limit = lim  
x →0  2x 


= lim  cos( 2  − sin x 

cos x). cos x. 
x →0  x 

64. (a) Applying L-Hospital’s rule

S n+1 − S n an+1
65. (a) We have lim = lim =0
n → n n→ n (n + 1)
k 2
k =1

66. (c) Applying L-Hospital’s rule,

67. (a) lim 1 1 − 1  +  1 − 1  +  1 − 1  + .... +
 1
−
1 
     
2  33 5 5 7  (2n − 1)  
(2n + 1) 
n→

1
= lim − =1 .
1
1 
2n + 1  2
n→ 2

68. (b) We know that

sin 2 n A
cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A....cos 2 n−1 A =
2 n sin A
x
Taking A= ,
n
we get
x x 2  x x
cos cos ... cos cos = sin x
 
 n 2 n−1 4  2 x 

2 n
       2 sin 
 2n 
x x
 lim cos cos  x  cos  x 
   ... cos 

n −1 n  

n→ 2 4  2  2 
sin x sin x (x / 2 n ) sin x
= nl→im 2 n sin  x = lim n = x .
 n→ x sin (x / 2 )

n 
2 

69. (b) lim[1 + (−a) x]1 / x = e −a .

x →0

70. (d) lim (x + 1) + (x + 2)10 + ........ + (x + 100 )10

10

x → x 10 + 10 10
  1 10   100 10 
x10 1 +  + 1 + 2  + ... + 1 + x  
10

 x   x   = 100 .
= lim
x →  10 10
x101 + 
 x10 

71. (b) Since,  a b 2

lim 1 + + 2= e
x → x x 

2(ax +b)
 ax + b  x+b2 
2
 ax x
lim1 + 2   =e
x → 
 x  
 
2(ax +b) 2(ax + b)  ==
 lim e x
= e 2  lim =2 2a 2 a 1
x → x → x

Thus a=1 and b  R .

72. (c) log(3 + x) − log(3 − x)
lim =k
x →0 x

1 1
+
By L-Hospital’s rule, lim 3 + x 3 −x=k  2 =k.
x→0 1 3
 1 2 n 
73. (b) lim + +....... +
n→ 1 − n2 1 −n2

1 − n2 

1
= lim n = 1 lim n + n = − .
2

n→ 1 − n 2 2 n→ 1 − n 2 2

74. (d) In closed interval of x = 0 at right hand side [x] = 0 and at left hand side [x ] = −1. Also [0]=0.
sin[x]
(−1  x  0)
Therefore function is defined as 
f(x) =  [x]
 0 (0  x  1)


Left hand limit = lim f(x) = lim

sin[x]
x →0− x →0 − [x]

sin (−1)
= = sin 1 c
−1

Right hand limit = 0. Hence limit doesn't exist.

= lim 1 + 2 + 3 +......+ n = lim n
2 2 2 2 2
75. (c) Given limit
3 3
n→ 1 +n n→ 1 +n
 1   1
1+ 2+ 
= lim 1 n (n + 1)(2n + 1) = lim 1  n  n
 1 
n→ 6 1 + n3 n → 6
+ 1
 3
 n 
1 2
= .1 . 1
=  .
6 (1) 3
  1 n 
(10)n   −1 1
76. (c) lim 1 − (10 )   1  = −
n
= li→m 10
n  10
n → 1 + (10 )n+1 (10)n+1 1 +
 
10 n+1 

 = 1 .
  1 n 
1 −   
1 1 1 1 1   2  
77. (c) y = lim + + + ....... + = lim
n→ 2 22 23 2n n→ 2  1
1 − 
 2

1
lim 1 − =1−0=1
n
n →  2 
x

78. (b) lim 

2
cos t dt
0
x →0 x

Applying L- Hospital rule, we get

x 2

lim 
cos t dt 2
0
= lim cos x = 1 .
x →0 x x →0 1
sin nx  tan x 
79. (d) lim n . lim (a − n)n − =0
 
x→0 nx x→0 x

 n((a − n)n − 1) = 0  (a − n)n = 1  a = n + 1 .

n

80. (b) lim 2x−1 = lim 2 x log 2

x →0 (1 + x) 1 / 2
−1 x →0 1 (1 + x)−1 / 2
2

= 2 log 2 = log 4.

81. (b) log(1 + x 3 ) 3 x 2 /(1 + x 3 )

lim 3 = lim 2
x →0 sin x x →0 3 sin x cos x
1  x 2 1  1 .(1)2. 1 = 1 .
= lim   .
=
x →0  1 + x 3  sin x 
 cos x  1+0 1
 CONTINUITY (LIMITS)

OBJECTIVES

1. If f(x) = (1 + 2 x) , for x  0 , then

1/x

 e 2 , for x = 0

(a) lim f(x) = e (b) lim f(x) = e2

x →0 + x →0 −

(c) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=0 (d) None of these

x 2 + k, when x0
2. Let . If the function be continuous at , then k =
f(x) =  f(x ) x =0
−x − k, when x  0
2

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) –2
3. Which of the following statements is true for graph f(x) = log x

(a) Graph shows that function is continuous

(b) Graph shows that function is discontinuous
(c) Graph finds for negative and positive values of x
(d) Graph is symmetric along x-axis
 k cos x 
 − 2 x , when x 



4. If the function f(x) =  2 x= , then k =
 be continuous at
3, when x = 2
 2

(a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 12 (d) None of these
 1
x 2 sin , when x  0
5. If 
f(x) =  x , then
 0, when x = 0

(a) f(0 + 0) = 1 (b) f (0 − 0) = 1

(c) f is continuous at x = 0 (d) None of these

| x − a |
, when x  a

6. If f(x) = x − a ,then
 1, when x = a


(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=a (b) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=a

(c) lim f(x) = 1 (d) None of these

x →a
 x + 1
7. The points at which the function f(x) = is discontinuous, are
x 2 + x − 12

(a) –3, 4 (b) 3, –4

(c) –1,–3, 4 (d) –1, 3, 4
log(1 + ax) − log(1 − bx )
8. The function f(x) = is not defined at x=0. The value which should be
x

assigned to f at x =0 so that it is continuous at x = 0 , is

(a) a −b (b) a+b

(c) log a + log b (d) log a − log b

x
9. At which points the function f(x) = , where [.] is greatest integer function, is
[x]

discontinuous
(a) Only positive integers
(b) All positive and negative integers and (0, 1)
(c) All rational numbers
(d) None of these
 x 3 + x 2 − 16 x + 20
 , if x  2
10. Let f(x) = . If f(x ) be continuous for all x, then k =
 (x − 2)2

 k, if x = 2

(a) 7 (b) –7
(c) 7 (d) None of these

 − x 2, when x  0
 5 x − 4, when 0  x  1
11. If f(x) = , then
 2
4 x − 3 x, when 1  x  2
 3 x + 4, when x  2


(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(b) f(x ) is continuous x=2

(c) f(x ) is discontinuous at x = 1

(d) None of these
5
− x , when x  2
 2
12. If f(x) =  1 , when x = 2 , then
 3
x − , when x  2
 2

(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=2 (b) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=2

(c) lim f(x) = 1 (d) None of these

x →2
  sin2 ax
 _____ , when x  0
13. For the function f(x) =  x 2 which one is a true statement

 1, when x = 0

(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(b) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=0, when a  1

(c) f(x ) is continuous at x=a

(d) None of these

 sin x
+ cos x, when x0
14. If  then
f(x) = x
 2, when x = 0


(a) lim f(x)  2 (b) lim f(x) = 0

x →0 + x →0 −

(c) f(x ) is continuous at x =0 (d) None of these

x,
15. If function f(x) = if x is rational then f(x ) is continuous at........ number of points
 ,
1 − x, if x is irrational

(a)  (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) None of these
x4−5x2+4
| (x − 1)(x −2)| , x  1, 2


16. Let f(x) = 6, x = 1


 12, x=2


Then f(x ) is continuous on the set

(a) R (b) R − {1}
(c) R − {2} (d) R − {1,2}

 
x sin x, when 0  x 
 2
17. If f(x) =  , then

 sin( + x), when  x  
2 2

(a) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=/2

(b) f(x ) is continuous at x=/2

(c) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(d) None of these

 sin x, x  n , n  Z  2
 x + 1, x  0, 2
18. If f(x) =  and g(x) =  4, x = 0 , then lim g { f(x)} is
 2, otherwise  x →0
5, x = 2


(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 1
 x 4 − 16

19. If f(x) =  x − 2 , when x  2 , then

 16, when x = 2

(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=2

(b) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=2

(c) lim f(x) = 16

x →2

(d) None of these

x 2 − 10 x + 25
20. If f(x) = for x  5 and f is continuous at x = 5, then f(5) =
x 2 − 7 x + 10

(a) 0 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 25
21. If f(x) =| x | , then f(x ) is

(a) Continuous for all x

(b) Differentiable at x=0

(c) Neither continuous nor differentiable at x=0

(d) None of these

 x −| x |
, when x  0

22. If f(x) =  x , then

 2, when x = 0

(a) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(b) f(x ) is discontinuous at x=0

(c) lim f(x) = 2

x →0

(d) None of these

  sin[x]
, for x  0
 [x] + 1

cos [x]
23. If f(x) = 2 , for x  0 ; where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then

 [x]
 k, at x = 0




in order that f be continuous at x = 0 , the value of k is

(a) Equal to 0 (b) Equal to 1
(c) Equal to –1 (d) Indeterminate
(cos x)1 / x , x  0
24. If the function f(x) =  is continuous at x=0 , then the value of k is
 k, x = 0

(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 0 (d) e
 x
 1 + sin , for −   x  1
 2
25. If the function f(x) =  ax + b, for 1  x  3 is continuous in the interval (−, 6) , then the values
 x
 6 tan____ , for3  x  6
 12

of a and b are respectively

(a) 0, 2 (b) 1, 1
(c) 2, 0 (d) 2, 1
 
− 2 sin x, x−
  2
26. The values of A and B such that the function f(x) = A sin x + B, − x , is continuous

 2

2
 cos x, x
 2

everywhere are
(a) A = 0, B = 1 (b) A = 1, B = 1

(c) A = −1, B = 1 (d) A = −1, B = 0

27. The function f(x) = sin| x | is

(a) Continuous for all x
(b) Continuous only at certain points
(c) Differentiable at all points
(d) None of these
28. If 
f(x) =  ex; x  0 , then
| 1 − x |; x  0

(a) f(x ) is not differentiable at x=0

(b) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(c) f(x ) is differentiable at x=1

(d) f(x ) is continuous at x=1

 1/x
 e − ,1x  0
29. For the function f(x) = 1 / x + 1 , which of the following is correct
e
0 ,x=0

(a) lim f(x) does not exist

x →0

(b) f(x ) is continuous at x=0

(c) lim f(x) = 1

x →0

(d) lim f(x) exists but f(x ) is not continuous at x=0

x →0

|x|
30. The function f(x) =| x | + is
x

(a) Continuous at the origin

(b) Discontinuous at the origin because |x| is discontinuous there
(c) Discontinuous at the origin because | x | is discontinuous there
x

(d) Discontinuous at the origin because both |x| and | x | are discontinuous there
x
 1 + kx − 1 − kx
 , for − 1  x  0
31. If f(x) = , is continuous at x=0, then k =
x
 2 x 2 + 3x −2 , for 0  x  1

(a) – 4 (b) – 3
(c) – 2 (d) – 1
1 − (x)
 , x  −1
32. If f(x ) =  1 + x , then the value of f(| 2k |) will be (where [ ] shows the greatest integer
 1 , x = −1

function)
(a) Continuous at x = −1 (b) Continuous at x=0
(c) 1
Discontinuous at x = (d) All of these
2
loge (1 + x) − loge (1 − x)
33. For the function f(x)= to be continuous at x = 0, the value of f(0), should be
x

(a) –1 (b) 0 (c)–2 (d)2

 2 x − sin −1 x
34. In the function f(x) = , (x  0) is continuous at each point of its domain, then the
2 x + tan −1 x

value of f(0) is
(a) 2 (b) 1 / 3
(c) 2 /3 (d) −1 / 3

CONTINUITY
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (b) 
lim f(x ) = lim (1 + 2 x)1 / 2 x 2
= e 2.
x →0− x →0

2. (a) lim f(x) = k, lim f(x) = −k and f(0) = k

x →0+ x →0−

f (0) = 0 = k

3. (a) concept
4. (b) f (/ 2) = 3 . Since f(x ) is continuous at x=/2

 lim  k cos x  = f     k = 3  k = 6.
  
x → / 2   − 2x   2 2

1
5. (c) lim f (x) = x2
sin , but 1
− 1  sin  1 and x→0
+ x
x→0 x
Therefore, lim f(x) = 0 = lim f(x) = f(0)
x →0 + x →0 −

Hence f(x ) is continuous at x = 0.

6. (b) lim f (x) = −1, lim f (x) =1, f (a) = 1.

x→a− x→a+

x+1
7. (b) f(x) = . Hence the points are 3, – 4.
(x − 3)(x + 4)

8. (b) Since limit of a function is a + b as x → 0, therefore to be continuous at a function, its value

must be
a+b at x = 0  f(0) = a + b.

9. (b) Standard problem

10. (a) For continuous lim f(x) = f(2) = k
x →2

 k =lim x + x −16x2+ 20
3 2

x→2 (x − 2)
11. (b) Standard problem
1
12. (b) lim f(x) = and lim f(x) = 1 and f (2) = 1.
x →2 − 2 x →2+ 2

2
13. (b) lim f (x) = sin ax 2
2 a = a
2
and f (0) = 1.
x→0 (ax)

Hence f(x ) is discontinuous at x=0, when a0.

14. (c) f(0 +) = f(0 −) = 2 and f (0) = 2

Hence f(x ) is continuous at x = 0.

15. (c) At no point, function is continuous.

16. (d) Check continuity at x = 1, 2.
4x
17. (a) lim and  
f  = .
x→
( x2 + 8x+ 3 + x2 + 4x + 3 2 2

18. (d) As we are given f(x) = sin x , if x  n

i.e., x  0,, 2,..... = 2 otherwise

 lim g { f(x)} = lim g {sin x} = lim (sin 2 x + 1) = 1
x →0 + x →0 + x →0 +

Similarly, lim gf(x) = 1.

x →0 −

19. (b) lim f(x) = lim (x + 2) (x 2 + 4) = 32, f(2) = 16.

x →2 x →2

20. (a) f(5) = lim f(x) = lim x 2 − 10 x + 25

x →5 x →5 x 2 − 7 x + 10

5−5
= lim (x − 5)2 = =0 .
x →5 (x − 2)(x − 5) 5− 2

21. (a) |x| is continuous for all x.

22. (b) lim f(x) = 1 + 1 = 2, lim f(x) = 0, f(0) = 2 .
x →0 − x →0 +


cos [0 − h]
23. (a) k = lim f(0 − h) = lim 2
h→0 h→0 [0 − h]
 
cos [−h] −h − 1]
cos [
k = lim 2 = lim 2
h→0 [−h] h→0 [−h − 1]
 
cos −
 
2
k = lim ; k=0 .
h→0 −1
24. (a) lim (cos x)1 / x = k  lim 1 log (cos x) = log k
x →0 x →0 x
1
 lim lim log cos x = log k
x →0 x x →0

1
 lim  0 = log
e kk=1
x →0 x

25. (c) check continuity at x = 1, x = 3

26. (c) For continuity at all x  R, we must have f  −   = lim (−2 sin x) = lim (A sin x + B)
 
+
 2 x →(− /2)− x →(− / 2)

 2=−A+B . ... (i)

and f   = lim (A sin x + B) = lim (cos x)
 
2 x →( / 2)− x →( / 2)+

 0=A+B . ... (ii)

From (i) and (ii), A = −1 and B=1.

27. (a) It is obvious.

e x ; x  0

28. ( d) f(x) = 1− x; 0  x  1

x − 1 ; x  1


Continuous at x = 0 , 1.
 e1 x − 1
 ,x0
29. (d) f(x) = 1
 e + 1
x

0 ,x=0

30. (c) | x | is continuous at x=0 and | x | is also discontinuous at x=0

x

 f(x) =| x | +| x | is discontinuous at x=0.

x

31. (c) L.H.L. = lim 1 + kx − 1 − kx

=k
x →0− x

R.H.L. = lim (2 x 2 + 3 x − 2) = −2  k = −2 .
x →0 +

1−| x | 1
32. (d) f(x) = , x  −1 and f(x) = −x ,x 0
 1+x 
1

,x 0
1 , x = −1 
 1+x

1 ,x0
 1
1 ,0x
 1 ,x0 
f(2 x) = 1 − [2x]  f(2 x) =  1
2

 1 + [2 x] , x  0 0 , x1
 2
 3
 1 ,1x
−
 3 2
33. (d)
sin−1 x
2− 1
34. (b) f (0) = lim x−1 =2−1 = .
x →0 tan x 2 +1 3
2+
x
 DIFFERENTIATION (EAMCET)

OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
d
1. log | x | = ...... , (x  0)
dx

(a) 1
(b) − 1
x x

(c) x (d) − x
2 3
x x
2. If y=1+x + + + ,
........... then dy =
2! 3! dx

(a) y (b) y − 1
(c) y +1 (d) None of these
d cos x 
3. tan
−1
=
dx  1 + sin x 

1
(a) − (b) 1
2 2

(c) −1 (d) 1
d  ax − b 
4. tan −1  =
dx  bx + a 

a2 2
− 1 − 2a 2
(a) 1 − (b) +
a2 +b2 a b
1+x2 1+x2
1 a2
+
(c) a2 + b 2 (d) None of these
1+x2 n
x
, then
5. If y = b cos log  dy
=
n dx

 x n  x n
(a) − n b sin log  (b ) n b sinlog 
n n

sin log x 
nb n
(c) − (d) None of these
x n
 dy
6. If x 2/3 + y 2/3 = a 2/3 , then =
dx

(a) y   y 1 / 3
1/3
(b) − 
x  x

1/3 1/3
x x
(c)  y (d) −  y
  

7. If f(x) = x tan −1 x , then f '(1) =

(a) 1 +  (b) 1 +
4 2 4

(c) 1  (d) 2
−
2 4
2 3 n
8. If y = 1 + x + x + x + ..... + x , then dy =
2! 3! n! dx

x
(a) y (b) y+
n!

xn xn
(c) y− (d) y − 1 − n!
n!

d
9. log(log x) =
dx

(a) x (b) log x

log x x

(c) (x log x)−1 (d) None of these

4x 2+3x
10. If y = tan −1 tan −1 , then dy
=
1 + 5x + 2 3−2x dx

(a) 1
+
2 (b) 5
+
2
1 + 25 x 2 1 +x2 1 + 25 x 2 1 +x2

(c) 5 (d)( 1
1 + 25 x 2
d1 + 25 x
2

)
 x
y= x  x x  1 dy
11. If , then =
x cos + sin  cos − sin  + sin x +2 x dx
2 2 2 2
1 1
(a) (1 + x) cos x + (1 − x) sin x − (b)(1 − x) cos x + (1 + x) sin x +
4xx 4xx

1
(c) (1 + x) cos x + (1 + x) sin x − (d)None of these
4xx
 dy
12. If y = sin−1 (x 1−x x 1 − x 2 ), then =
+ dx

−2x 1 −1 1
(a) + (b) −
1−x2 2x−x 2
1−x2 2x−x2

1 1
(c) + (d) None of these
1−x2 2x−x 2

13. d 1 − sin 2 x =
dx 1 + sin 2 x

(a) sec 2 x (b) − sec 2  − x 

 
4 
   
(c) sec 2 +x (d) sec 2 −x
   
4  4 

d
14. log (log7 x ) =
7
dx

1 log e 7
(a) (b)
x log e x x log e x

log 7 e log 7 e
(c) x log e x (d) x log 7 x

d  cot x − 1 
2
15. dx cot2=x + 1 
 

(a) − sin 2x (b) 2 sin 2x

(c) 2 cos 2x (d) −2 sin 2x

 
 x
d 1 + cos 
−1
16. tan 2 is equal to
dx  x 
 1 − cos 
 2 

1
(a) − (b) 1
4 2
1
(c) − (d) 1
2 4

17. If f(x) = log x (log x), then f '(x) at x = e is

1
(a) e (b)
e

(c) 1 (d) None of these

 d 1 + cos 2 x
18. =
dx 1 − cos 2 x

(a) sec 2 x (b) − cosec 2 x

(c) 2 sec 2 x (d) − 2cosec 2

x
2 2

d  −1 
1 − cos x
19. tan =
dx  1 + cos x 

1
(a) − (b) 0
2

1 (d) 1
(c)(c)
2
 1 + x2  dy
20. If y = sin 1−,xt2hen dx =
 
(a) 4 x .cos 1+ x 2 
 (b) x . cos 1+ x 
2

1 −x2 1 −x 2 (1 − x 2 )2  1 − x 2
   
x  1 + x 2  4x  1 + x 2 
(c) (1 − x 2 ). cos 1− x 2 (d) (1 − x ) . cos 1− x 2
2 2

   
−1
 x+1 −1
 x −1  dy
21. If y = sec   + sin    , then
x −1 x +1  dx =
   
1
(a) 0 (b)
x+1

(c) 1 (d) None of these

a+x− a −x dy
22. If y= , then =
a + x + a −x dx

ay ay
(a) (b)
xa2−x2 a2 − x 2

ay
(c) (d) None of these
xx −a2 2

d
23. sin −1 (3 x − 4 x 3 ) =
dx

3 −3 1 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1−x 2
1−x2 1−x2 1−x2
 d
24. tan −1(sec x + tan x) =
dx

(a) 1 (b) 1/2

(c) cos x (d) sec x

25. d log x 
=
dx  sin x 
sin x sin x
− log x. cos x − log x. cos x
(a) x (b)(b) x
sin x sin 2 x

sin x
− log x
sin x − log x. cos x x
(c)(c) (d)(d)
sin 2 x sin 2 x

26. If y = cot −1 1 + x  , then dy

=
1−x dx

1 1
(a) (b) −
1+x2 1+x2

2 2
(c) (d) −
1+x2 1+x2

x2+1+x2−1 dy
27. If y= , then =
x2+1−x2−1 dx

(a) 2x 3
(b) x3
+
2x + 2x
x4−1 x4−1

(c) 2x 3
(d) None of these
x+
x4−1

d
28. (e x log sin 2 x) =
dx

(a) e x (log sin 2 x + 2 cot 2 x) (b) e x (log cos 2 x + 2 cot 2 x)

(c) e x (log cos 2 x + cot 2 x) (d) None of these
29. If y = t 4 / 3 − 3t −2 / 3 , then dy / dt =

2t 2 + 3 2t 2 + 3
(a) (b)
3t 5 / 3 t 5/3

2(2t 2 + 3) 2(2t 2 + 3)
(c) t 5/3
(d) 3t 5 / 3
 dy
30. If y = sin( sin x + cos x ) , then =
dx

cos sin x + cos x

(a)
sin x + cos x

cos sin x + cos x

(b)
sin x + cos x

cos sin x + cos x

(c) .(cos x − sin x)
sin x + cos x

(d) None of these

d  x
31. log tan  + =
dx 4 2

(a) cosec x (b) − cosec x

(c) sec x (d) − sec x

32. d  1 − cos x 
log =
dx  1 + cos x 

(a) sec x (b) cosec x

x x
(c) cosec (d) sec
2 2

dy
33. If y = (1 + x 1 / 4 )(1 + x 1 / 2 )(1 − x 1 / 4 ) , then =
dx

(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) x (d) x
−1
 a − x  dy
34. If y =tan   , then =
 1 + ax 
 dx

1 1
(a) (b)
2(1 + x) x (1 + x) x

1
(c) − (d) None of these
2(1 + x) x

d x sin x
35. e =
dx

(a) e x sin x (x cos x + sin x) (b) e x sin x

(cos x + x sin x)

(c) e x sin x (cos x + sin x) (d) None of these

36. d log  =
dx sin e x
 

1 x/2 (b)
(a) e cot(e x / 2 ) e x / 2
cot(e x / 2
)
4

(c) 1 x
e cot (e x) (d) 1 e x / 2 cot (e x / 2 )
4 2

e 2x + e −2 x dy
37. If y= , then =
e 2x − e −2x


dx

−8 8
(a) (b)
(e 2 x − e −2 x )2 (e 2x− e −2 x )2

−4 4
(c) (e 2 x − e −2 x )2
(d)
(e 2x
−e −2 x 2
)

38. If y = tan −1 1 + cos x , then dy is equal to

1 − cos x dx

(a) 0 (b) − 1
2

(c) 1/2 (d) 1

d
39. {log(sec x + tan x)} =
dx

(a) cos x (b) sec x

(c) tan x (d) cot x

−1  x + 1   x −1
40. If y = sec + sin −1
, then dy =
   
 
x −1 x +1 dx

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3

41. If y = 1 + ex , then dy
=
1 − ex dx

x x
e e
(a) (b)
(1 − e x ) 1 − e 2 x (1 − e x ) 1 − e x

x x
e e
(c) (d)
(1 − e x ) 1 + e 2 x (1 − e x ) 1 + e x
 xf (2) − 2 f(x)
42. If f(2) = 4 , f '(2) = 1 then lim =
x→2 x−2

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) –2
43. d cos −1 1 + cos x  =

dx  2


(a) 1 1
(b) 2

1
(c) (d) None of these
3

44. d
[tan −1(cot x) + cot −1(tan x)] =
dx

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) – 1 (d) – 2
d
45. The value of [| x − 1 | +| x − 5 |] at x = 3 is
dx

(a) – 2 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 4
dy
46. If y = sin−1 (1 − x) cos −1 x , then =
+ dx

1 −1
(a) (b)
x(1 − x) x(1 − x)

1
(c) (d) None of these
x(1 + x)

47. If  1 + sin x + 1 − sin x  dy

y = cot −1 , then =
 
  1 + sin x − 1 − sin x  dx

(a) 1 (b) 2
2 3

(c) 3 (d) 1
48. The derivative of f(x) = x | x | is
(a) 2x (b) – 2x
(c) 2 x 2 (d) 2 | x|
 3/4 
d    x + 2  
49. loge x    equals
dx    x − 2  

x 2−7
(a) (b) 1
x2−4

x 2 +1 x 2 −1
(c)(c) (d) ex
x 2 −4 x 2 −4
dy
50. If y = log cos x sin x , then is equal to
dx

(a) cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x

(log cos x)2

tan x log cos x + cot x log sin x

(b) (log cos x)2

(c) cot x log cos x + tan x log sin x

(log sin x)2

(d) None of these

51. If 1 − (log x)2,  then the value of =
= cos −1
f(x) 1 + (log x)2 f '(e)
 

(a) 1 (b) 1/e

2
(c) 2/e (d)
e2

= log  x 2 + 1 − x  , then(x 2 + 1)
dy
52. If y + xy + 1 =
x2+1
  dx

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these
53. If f(x) is a differentiable function, then af(x) − xf (a)
lim is
x →a x−a

(a) af (a) − f(a) (b) af (a) − f'(a)

(c) af (a) + f (a) (d) af (a) + f'(a)
dy
54. If y = tan −1(sec x − tan x) then =
dx

(a) 2 (b) –2
(c) 1/2 (d) –1/2
55. d  −1 a − x  
dx tan 1 + ax =
  

(a) 1
− (b)(b) 1
−
1
1+x 2
1 +a 2
1+x2

(c) 1 −1
(d)
 a − x 2
1 +  1 + ax   a − x 2
1− 
   1 + ax 

d    x − 2 3 / 4 
56. loge 
x   equals to
dx    x + 2  


x2+1
(a) 1 (b)
x2− 4

x −1
2
x2−1 (d)
(c) ex
x2− 4 x 2 −4

57. If  a cos x − b sin x  then dy

=
y = tan −1  
 b cos x + a sin x  dx

(a) 2 (b) – 1
a (d) 0
(c)
b
dy
58. If sin y + e − x cos y = e, then at (1,  ) is
dx

(a) sin y (b) − x cos y

(c) e (d) sin y − x cos y
d  −1  x (3 − x) 
59. tan    =
dx   1 − 3 x  


1 3
(a) (b)
2(1 + x) x (1 + x) x

2 3
(c) (d)
(1 + x) x 2 (1 − x) x

60. If y = sin x + y , then

dy equals to
dx

sin x cos x
(a) (b)
2y − 1 2y − 1

sin x cos x
(c) (d)
2y + 1 2y + 1
 sin x + cos x 
y = tan −1 
dy
61. If , then is
 cos x − sin x  dx

(a) 1 / 2 (b)  / 4
(c) 0 (d) 1
dy
62. If sin y = x sin(a + y), then =
dx

(a) sin 2 (a + y) (b) sin 2 (a + y)

sin(a + 2y) cos(a +2y)

sin 2 (a + y)
(d) sin cos(a a+ y)
2
(c) sin a

dy
63. If 3 sin(xy ) + 4 cos( xy ) = 5 , then =
dx

(a) −
y 3 sin(xy) + 4 cos(xy)
(b) 3 cos(xy) − 4 sin(xy )
x

3 cos(xy) + 4 sin(xy)
(c)(c) (d) None of these
4 cos(xy) − 3 sin(xy )

1
64. If f(x) = , then the derivative of the composite function f[ f{ f(x)}] is equal to
1−x

1
(a) 0 (b)
2

(c) 1 (d) 2
dy
65. If x 3 + 8 xy + y 3 = 64 ,then =
dx

2
+8y 3 x 2 +8y
(a) − 3 x (b) 8 x + 3y 2
8 x + 3y 2

3 x + 8 y2 (d) None of these

(c) 8 x 2 + 3y

dy
66. If cos( x + y) = y sin x, then =
dx

sin(x + y) + y cos x sin(x + y) + y cos x

(a) − (b)
sin x + sin(x + y) sin x + sin(x + y)

y cos x − sin(x + y)
(c) (c) sin x − sin(x + y) (d) None of these
 dy
67. If sin(x+y)=log(x+y), then =
dx

(a) 2 (b) – 2
(c) 1 (d) –1
dy
68. If sin y = x cos(a + y), then =
dx

cos 2 (a + y) + y)
(a) (b) cos(a
cos 2 a
cos a

(c) sin 2 (a + y) (d) None of these

sin a

69. Let f and g be differentiable functions satisfying g(a) = 2, g(a) = b and fog = I (identity

function). Then f ' (b) is equal to

1
(a) (b) 2
2

(c) 2 (d) None of these

3

1
70. Let g(x) be the inverse of the function f(x) and f '(x) = . Then g(x) is equal to
1+x3

1 1
(a) (b)
1 + (g(x)) 3
1 + ( f(x))3

(c) 1 + (g(x))3 (d) 1 + ( f(x))3

dy
71. If x = a(t + sin t) and y = a(1 − cos t) , then equals
dx

(a) tan( t / 2) (b) cot(t / 2)

(c) tan 2t (d) tan t
72. x 1+y +y 1+x =0, then dy =
dx

(a) 1 +x (b) (1 + x)−2

(c) − (1 + x)−1 (d) − (1 + x )−2

dy
73. If x = a(t − sin t) and y = a(1 − cos t), then =
dx
t t t t 
(a) tan  2  (b) − tan  2  (c) cot  2  (d) −
cot
2 
       
 1−t2 2t
74. If x = and , then
y= dy
=
1+t 2
1+t 2 dx

−y
(a) (b) y
x x

−x
(c) (d) x
y y
1 1
75. If x2+y2=t− ,x4+y4=t2+
 
, then x 3 y dy =
t t2 dx

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4

 dy  2
76. If x = a cos 3  , y = a sin 3  , then 1+  =
 dx 

(a) tan 2  (b) sec 2 

(c) sec  (d) | sec  |

dy
77. If x p y q = (x + y)p+q , then =
dx
y y
(a) (b) −
x x

(c) x
(d) − x
y y
 −1 

 + x  with
x
78. The first derivative of the function cos sin 1+x respect to x at x = 1 is
   
 2 
 

3
(a) (b) 0
4
1 1
(c) (d) −
2 2

dy
79. If y = log x + log x + log x + ...... , then =
dx
x
(a) (b) x
2y − 1 2y + 1

1 1
(c) (d)
x(2y − 1) x(1 − 2y)
 dy
80. If x y = y x , then =
dx

y(x log e y + y) y(x log e y − y)

(a) x(y log e x + x) (b) x(y log e x − x)

x(x log e y − y) x(x log e y + y)

(c) y(y log e x − x)
(d) y(y log e x + x)

dy
81. If y = log x x , then =
dx

(a) x x (1 + log x) (b) log(ex )

e
(c) log   (d) None of these
x

x dy
82. If y = x (x ) ,then =
dx

(a) y[x x (log ex ). log x + x x ]

(b) y[x x (log ex ). log x + x]

(c) y[x x (log ex ). log x + x x −1 ]

(d) y[x x (log e x ). log x + x x −1 ]

dy
83. If x y = e x −y , then =
dx

(a) log x.[log(ex )]−2 (b) log x.[log(ex )]2

(c) log x.(log x)2 (d) None of these

x +ex + ..... dy
84. If y = e x + e , then =
dx

y 1
(a) (b)
1 −y 1 −y

y y
(c) (d)
1+y y −1

dy
85. If x = sin−1(3t − 4 t 3 ) and y = cos −1 (1 − t 2 ) , then is equal to
dx

(a) 1/2 (b) 2/5

(c) 3/2 (d) 1/3
 (sinx ) .......  dy
86. If y = (sin x)(sin x ) , then =
dx

y 2 cot x y 2 cot x
(a) (b)
1 − y log sin x 1 + y log sin x

y cot x y cot x
(c) (d)
1 − y log sin x 1 + y log sin x

dy
87. If y x + x y = ab ,then =
dx

(a) yx y−1
+ yx log y (b) yx y−1
+ yx log y
−
xy x −1 + xy log x xy x −1
+ xy log x

(c) yx y −1
+yx (d) yx y −1 + y x
−
xy x −1
+ xy xy x −1 + x y

1 dy
88. If y = x 2 + 1 , then =
x2+ 1 dx
x2 +
x 2 +....... 

xy
(a) 2 xy (b)
2y − x 2
y+x2

xy 2 xy
(c) (d)2 2
y−x 2
+ x
y

dy
89. If 2 x + 2 y = 2 x + y , then the value of at x = y = 1 is
dx

(a) 0 (b) – 1
(c) 1 (d) 2
dy
90. If xm yn = 2(x + y)m +n , the value of is
dx

(a) x+y (b) x / y (c) y/x (d) − y / x

x..... 
x dy
91. If y = x , then =
dx

y2 y2
(a) (b)
2 x − 2y log x 2 x + log x

y2
(c)(c) (d) None of these
2 x + 2y log x
 y + .... to  dy
92. If x = e y +e , x  0, then is
dx
1+x 1
(a) x (b) x

1−x x
(c)(c) x (d) 1+x

−1
 x x− x − x
93. If f(x) = cot   , then f '(1) is equal to
 2 

(a) – 1 (b) 1
(c) log 2 (d) − log 2
d −1 x − x −1
94. cos =
dx x + x −1
−1
(a) 1 (b)
1+x 2
1+x2

2 −2
(c) (d)
1+x2 1+x2

dy
95. If 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = a(x − y) , then =
dx

1 − x2 1−y2
(a) (b)
1−y 2 1 − x2

x 2 −1 y 2 −1
(c) (d)
1−y2 1 − x2

d  −1  1 − x 2 
96. cos   =
 2 
 1 + x 
dx 

1 1
(a) (b) −
1+x 2
1+x2

2 2
(c) − (d)
1+x2 1+x2

97. If −1  3 cos x + 4 sin x 

y = cos
 
, then dy =
 5  dx

(a) 0 (b) 1

(c) −1 1
(d) 2
 d x
98. tan −1 =
dx a −x2
2

a −a
(a) (b)
a2 + x 2 a2 + x 2

1 1
(c) (d)
aa −x 2 2
a −x2
2

99. Let 3 f(x) − 2 f(1 / x) = x, then f '(2) is equal to

(a) 2/ 7 (b) 1 / 2
(c) 2 (d) 7 / 2

100. d 
tan−1 1+ 2
x −  is equal to
dx  x 
 

1 1
(a) (b)
1 +x2 2(1 + x 2 )

x2 2
(c) (d)
2 1 + x ( 1 + x − 1)
2 2 1+x2

101. If −1  1 + x 2 − 1  and = −1
, then du is equal to
u = tan   v 2 tan x
  x 
dv

(a) 4 (b) 1
(c) 1/4 (d) –1/4
102. If y = sin −1  1 −,x 
2 dy
equals
 1+ xt2hen dx
 

2 1
(a) (b)
1−x 2
1+x2
(c) 
2 (d) −
2
1+x 2
1+x2

−1  1 − x 2 −1  1 − 3 x2
2 2
103. The derivative of cos   1w+ x . r.t. cot  3x − x  is
   

3
(a) 1 (b)
2

2 1
(c) (d)
3 2
 −1
tan x
104. Differential coefficient of w.r.t. tan −1 x is
1 + tan −1
x

1 −1
(a) (b)
1 + tan −1
x 1 + tan −1 x

1 −1
(c) (d)
2 (1 + tan −1 x)2
2
(1 + tan −1
x)
105. If mx −mx d 2y 2

y = ae + be , then −my=
dx 2

(a) m 2 (aemx − be −mx ) (b) 1

(c) 0 (d) None of these
d 2y
−n
106. If y = ax n+1
+ bx , then x2 =
dx 2

(a) n (n − 1)y (b) n (n +1)y

(c) ny (d) n 2 y

107. The derivative of sin −1  2 x w.r.t. cos −1  1 − x 2 
 1 + x 
2  1+ixs2
 

(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4
 1 + x 2 −1 
−1 −1
108. The differential coefficient of tan   with respect to tan x is
 x 
 

(a) 1
(b) − 1
2 2

(c) 1 (d) None of these

d 2x
109. is equal to
dy 2

(a) 1 (b) (d y / dx )
2 2

(dy / dx ) 2
(dy / dx ) 2

(c)(c) d 2y (d) (− d y / dx )
2 2

dx 2
(dy / dx ) 2

110. If f(x) is a differentiable function and f (0) = a then lim 2 f(x) − 3 f(2 x) + f(4 x) is
x →0 x2

(a) 3a (b) 2a
(c) 5a (d) 4a
 d 2y
111. If e y + xy = e , then the value of for x=0 , is
dx 2

1 1
(a) e
(b)
e2

1
(c) (d) None of these
e3
d 2y dy
y = x + 1 + x 2 , then
n
112. If (1 + x 2) +x is
  dx 2 dx

(a) n 2y (b) − n 2y

(c) −y (d) 2 x 2y

113. If (1 − x 6 ) + (1 − y 6 ) = a 3 (x 3 − y 3 ) , then dy =
dx

x2 1 − x6 y2 1 − y6
(a) y2
(b)
1−y 6 x2 1 − x6

x2 1 − y6
(c) y2
(d) None of these
1 − x6

114. If x = sec  − cos  and y = sec n  − cos n  , then

(a) 2  dy 2
(x + 4)   = n ( y + 4)
2 2

 dx 

(b) 2  dy 2
(x + 4)   = x (y
2 2
+ 4)
 dx 

(c) 2  dy 2
(x + 4)   = (y + 4)
2

 dx 

(d) None of these

x a2 dy
115. If y= a +x
2 2 + log(x + x 2 + a 2 ) ,then =
2 2 dx

1
(a) x 2 + a2 (b)
x2+a2

2
(c) 2 x2+a2 (d)
x2+a2
 d  3 d 2 y
116. If y 2 = p(x) is a polynomial of degree three, then 2 y . =
dx  2 

 dx 

(a) p (x) + p'(x) (b) p (x).p (x)

(c) p(x).p (x) (d) Constant

117. If f(x + y) = f(x). f(y) for all x and y and f(5) = 2 , f '(0) = 3 , then f ' (5) will be
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8

 f(t) dt .
x
118. Let f : (0, + ) → R and F(x) =
0

If F(x 2 ) = x 2 (1 + x) , then f(4) equals

5
(a) (b) 7
4

(c) 4 (d) 2
 DIFFERENTIATION

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (a) log| x | = log x , if x  0 = log(−x) , if x0

Hence d
log | x |  = 1 ,if x0
dx x
1 1
= (−1) = ,if x0
 
−x  x

Thus
d
log | x |  = 1 , if x0.
dx x
2 3
(a) y = 1 + x + x +.......   y = e x
x
2. +
2! 3!
dy = e x = y .
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
dx
d  cos x 
3. (a) −1 

dx tan 1 + sin x
  
  x x 
cos 2 − sin2
d  −1  2 2 
= tan   
dx   x x x
2 sin cos x 
cos 2 sin2
 
  2 + 2+ 2 2 

   x  

d  −  d   x 
2 =
tan −1 1 tan 1
=   tan −1 tan −  = −

dx x dx   4 2  2
    1 + tan  2 

4. (d) d  ax − b 
−1  1 d  ax − b 
dx tan b x+a =  ax − b 2 . dx  bx + a 



   
1+ 
 bx + a 
5. (c) dy  x n 1 n  x n−1 nb  x n .
= −b   = −
dx sin log n (x / n) n n x sin log n
    

6. (b) x 2 / 3 + y 2 / 3 = a2 / 3
−1 / 3
x
2 2 dy dy 1/3
y
x −1 / 3 + y−1 / 3 = 0 or = −  = −  .
3 3 dx dx y  x
7. (b) f(x) = x tan −1 x
1
Differentiating w.r.tx, we get f '(x) = x tan −1 x
1 + x2 +
1  1
Now put x = 1 , then f '(1) = + tan −1(1) = + .
2 4 2

x +2 x 3 n
8. (c) y=1+x+ 2! + ........ + x
3! n!
x2
 dy = 0 + 1 + x + + .... + x n −1
dx 2! (n − 1)!

n 2
xn
 dy + x = +1 x+
x
+ . .... + x  dy = y −
n
.
dx n! 2! n! dx n!

9. (c) d log(log x) = 1 . 1 = (x log x)−1 .

dx x log x

10. (c) y = tan −1 4x 2 + 3x

+ tan −1
1+5x2 3−2x
2
+x
5 x −x 3
= tan −1
tan −1 2
1 + 5 x.x + 1 − .x
3
2
= tan −1 5 x − tan −1 x + tan −1 − tan −1 x
 x x  x3 x  1
11. (a) y= + sin
cos
− sin + sin x +
x cos   
 2 2x
2  2 2 

 y = x(cos x + sin x) + 1
2x

12. (c) Putting x = sin A and x = sin B

1 − sin 2 x cos x − sin x

13. (b) y = =
1 + sin 2 x cos x + sin x
d d  log e (log7 x) 
14. (c) [log (log x)] =  log 7 
dx 7 7  e 
dx
1
=
1 . = log7 e .
x log e x log e 7 x loge x

15. (d) d cot 2 x − 1  d  cos 2 x − sin2 x  

=
dx cot 2 x +1 dx cos 2 x + sin 2 x


    
 d
= [cos 2 x ] = −2 sin 2 x .
dx

x x
1 + cos 2 cos 2
16. (a) Let y = tan −1 2 = tan −1 4
x x
1 − cos 2 sin 2
2 4
x  x  x
y = tan −1
cot = tan −1
tan − = −
 
4 2 4 2 4

 dy 1
.
dx = −
4

17. (b) f(x) = log (log x) = log(log x)

x log x
1 1 1
− log(log x) −0
f '(x) = x x  f '(e) = e =
1
.
2 1 e
(log x)

d 1 + cos 2 x = d cot x = −cosec 2 x .

18. (b)
dx 1 − cos 2 x dx
19. (c) d −1  d  −1 tan x  = 1 .
tan  = tan
1 − cos x 
dx  1 + cos x  dx  2  2

dy  1 + x 2  (1 − x 2 )2 x + (1 + x 2 )2 x 

20. (d) dx = cos 1−x  (1 − x 2 )2 
 2
  

cos  1 + x 
2
4x
= (1 − x 2 )2  1−.x 2 
 
 
−1 x+1 −1 x−1
21. (a) y = sec   + sin  
x−1 x+1
   
−1
 x−1  −1
 
x−1 
= cos  x+sin
+1  x=+ 1 2
  
   

22. (a) a +x− − a x  y = ( a + x − a − x )2

y=
a+x+ a−x (a + x) − (a − x)

 (a + x) + (a − x) − 2( a2 − x 2 )
y=
2x

= 2a − 2 a − x
2 2
or y =
2x x
 d
23. (a) Put x = sin , we get sin −1 (3 x − 4 x 3 )
dx
d 3
= sin−1(sin 3 ) = .
dx 1−x 2

d
tan (sec x + tan x) = −1  1 + sin x 
−1
24. (b) d
tan
 
dx dx  cos x 
d  x  x
= tan −1  sin 2 + cos  2   = d   x  1


dx  x x  +2 = 2 .
 cos  − sin   dx  4 
 2 2 

sin x
25. (b) d  log x  − log x. cos x
= x .
  2
dx  sin x  sin x

26. (b) y = cot −1  1 + x 

 1 − x

dy 1 (1 − x) +(1 + x)

2 
=−
dx  1 + x   
1+  (1 − x)2
1−x

2x2+2x4−1
27. (a) Rationalizing, y = = x 2 + (x 4 − 1)1 / 2
2

d 1
28. (a) (e x log sin 2 x ) = e x log sin 2 x + 2e x cos 2 x
dx sin 2 x

= e x log sin 2 x + e x 2 cot 2 x = e x (log sin 2 x + 2 cot 2 x).

29. (d) y = t 4 / 3 − 3t −2 / 3

dy 4 1 / 3 2 4 t 2 + 6 2(2t 2 + 3)
 = t + 3  t − 5/ 3= = .
dt 3 3 3t 5 / 3 3t 5 / 3

30. (c) y = sin( sin x + cos x )

dy 1 cos( sin x + cos x )

= (cos x − sin x).
dx 2 sin x + cos x
d  x
31. (c) log tan + = 1 2  x 1
sec +

   x   .
2
dx 4  tan  4 2  2
 + 
4 2
1 − cos x  d   x 
d log = logtan  = cosec x .
32. (b) 
dx  1 + cos x  dx   2 

33. (b) y = (1 + x 1 / 4 )(1 + x1 / 2 )(1 − x1 / 4 )

  y = (1 + x1 / 4 )(1 − x 1 / 4 )(1 + x1 / 2 )

dy
= (1 − x 1 / 2 )(1 + x 1 / 2 ) = 1 − x  = −1 .
dx

34. (c) y = tan −1 a − tan −1 x

dy
Differentiating w.r.t .x, we get, =− 1 1
. .
dx (1 + x) 2 x

35. (a) Let y = e x sin x  log y = x sin x

1 dy dy
 = sin x + x cos x or = e x sin x (sin x + x cos x) .
y dx dx
d
36. (a) [log d 1 
]=
sin e x ex 
)
dx 2
log(sin
dx
1
= cot ex
1 1
e x = e x / 2 cot(e x / 2 )
2 2e x 4

37. (a) e 2x
+e −2 x
y=
e 2x − e − 2x
dy (e 2 x
−e −2 x
)2(e 2 x
− e −2 x ) − (e 2 x + e −2 x
)2(e 2 x
+ e −2 x )
 =
dx (e 2 x − e −2 x )2

2 x
2 cos
1 + cos x 2
38. (b) y = tan −1 = tan −1
x
1 − cos x 2 sin2
2
x  x   x
= tan −1 cot = tan −1 tan  − = −
2 2 2 2 2

 dy = − 1 .
dx 2

d
{log(sec x + tan x)} = sec x tan x + sec 2 x
39. (b) = sec x .
dx sec x + tan x

40. (a) y = sec −1 x + 1 + sin−1 x − 1 

x −1  x + 1

Or y = cos −1 x − 1 + sin−1  x− 1  

x+1 x+1

 dy
y=  =0
2 dx
 1 + ex 1 + ex
41. (a) y = or y 2 =
1 − ex 1 − ex

dy
= (1 − e )e + (1 + e )e = 2e
x x x x x
2y
dx (1 − e )
x 2
(1 − e x )2

42. (b) Given f(2) = 4, f '(2) = 1

xf (2) − 2 f(x ) xf (2) − 2 f(2) + 2 f (2) − 2 f(x )

 lim = lim
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2

(x − 2) f(2) 2 f(x ) − 2 f(2)

= lim − lim
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2

f(x) − f(2)
= f(2) − 2 lim = f(2) − 2 f '(2) = 4 − 2(1) = 4 − 2 = 2
x →2 x −2

Aliter: Applying L-Hospital rule, we get f (2) − 2 f ' (2)

lim =2
x→2 1

  −1  x  1
 =
d cos
−1
43. (b) 1 + cos x  d cos  =
 cos 
.
dx  2  dx   2  2

d
44. (d) [tan −1 (cot x ) + cot −1 (tan x )]
dx
2
1(sec 2 x)
= 1(−cosec x)
− = − −1= −1 2
1 + cot 2 x 1 + tan 2 x

45. (b) f(x) =| x − 1| +| x − 5 |

− (x − 1) − (x − 5), x  1

f(x) =  (x − 1) − (x − 5), 1  x  5
 x − 1 + x − 5, x  5


6 − 2 x, x1

f(x) =  4 , 1  x  5
2 x − 6, x5


46. (b) sin−1 1 − x = sin−1 1 − ( x )2 = cos −1 x

−1 1
 y = 2 cos −1 x or dy = 2. .
dx 1−x 2 x

47. (a) y = cot−1  1+sin x + 1 − sin x

 1 + sin x − 1 − sin x 
 2 + 2 cos x  1 + cos x 
= cot−1 = cot−1
 2 sin x   


   sin x 
  x x
= cot−1 cot =
 2 2
 

48. (d) f(x) =  − x ,x0 − 2 x , x  0

2
 f '(x) = 
 x2 , x0 2x , x  0

 f '(x) = 2| x | .

49. (a) y = log e x + 3 log x + 2 = x + 3 log x + 2

4 x −2 4 x −2

 y = x + log( x + 2) − log( x − 2)

3
4

log sin x
50. (a) We have y = log cos x
sin x =
log cos x

dy cot x. log cos x + (log sin x) tan x

 = .
dx (log cos x)2

51. (b) −1 1 − (log x) 

2
−1
= =
f(x) cos 1 + (log x) 2
2 tan (log x)
 

 
x 2 + 1 = log x + 1 − x
2
52. (a) y
 

53. (a) af(x ) − xf (a)  af(x ) − xf (a) + af(a) − af(a)

lim lim
x→a x−a x→a x−a

 xlim
→a
a[ f(x ) − f(a)] − f(a)[x − a]
x−a

 lim a[ f(x ) − f(a)] − lim f(a)  af (a) − f(a) .

x→a x−a x→a

54. (b) y = tan −1 (sec x − tan x)

dy 1
= (sec x tan x − sec 2 x)
dx 1 + (sec x − tan x)2

dy cos 2 x. sec 2 x(sin x − 1)

=
dx (1 − sin x)2 + cos 2 x

dy sin x − 1 sin x − 1 1
= = =− .
dx 1 − 2 sin x + sin 2 x + cos 2 x 2(1 − sin x) 2
55. (a) d  −1 a − x .
tan 1 + ax
dx 

  

1
= d [tan −1 a − tan −1 x ] = 0 − 1 =− .
dx 1+x 2
1+x2
 
  x − 2  3 / 4 
56. (c) Let  x − 2 3 / 4

y = loge x    = log e x + log 
x+2 x+2
   

 y = x + 3 [log(x − 2) − log( x + 2)]

4

57. (b) y = tan −1  a cos x − b sin x 

b cos x + a sin x
 

Let a = r sin and b = r cos 

sin(  − x) 
 y = tan −1  rr cos( − x)
 
 

a
y =  − x ; y = tan −1  − x
b

58. (c) sin y + e − x cos y = e,

  dy  
 cos y
dy
+ e −x cos y −x ) − sin y + cos y(− = 0
(   1)
dx   dx  

 cos y dy + x sin y e −x cos y dy − cos ye −x cos y = 0

dx dx

 dy = cos y e − x cos y

dx cos y + x sin y e −x cos y

59. (e) d  tan−1 ( x (3 − x)

dx  1 − 3 x 

Put x = tan    = tan −1 x

d  −1 (tan  (3 − tan  ) 
2
 tan 

dx  1 − 3 tan 2  
d  −1 (3 tan  − tan  ) 
3
 tan 
dx  1 − 3 tan 2
 

d d
(tan −1(tan 3 ) = (3 )
dx dx
d 3
(3. tan −1 x) = .
dx 2 x (1 + x)

60. (b) y = sin x + y ,  y 2 = sin x + y

   
61. (d) y = tan −1 csoins x +− csoinsxx  = tan −1 11 −+ttaann xx 
 

 tan( / 4) + tan x 
= tan −1
= tan −1 tan( / 4 + x)
1 − tan( / 4) tan x
 
 (c) sin y = x sin(a + y)  x = sin y
62. sin(a + y)
dy dy
cos y. . sin(a + y) − sin y cos(a + y)
1 = dx dx
sin2(a + y)
dy
. sin(a + y − y) 2
dy sin (a + y)
= dx  = .
sin2(a + y) dx sin a

63. (a) dy f / x 3y cos(xy) − 4 y sin(xy ) y

=− =− =− .
dx f / y 3 x cos(xy) − 4 x sin(xy) x

64. (c) f(x ) =

1
 f { f (x )} = 1 − x
1−x −x

−x
 f[ f{ f(x )}] = =x
−x−1+x

 Derivative of f[ f{ f(x)}] = 1 .
 dy  dy
65. (a) x + 8 xy + y = 64  3 x 2 +
3 3 +x + 3y 2 =0
8 y 
 dx  dx

66. (a) cos( x + y) = (y sindyx)

 − sin(x + + = y cos x + sin x dy
y)1 
 

dx  dx

67. (d) It is implicit function, so

1
cos(x + y) −
dy f / x x + y = −1
=− =− .
dx f / y 1
cos(x + y) −
x+y

dx
68. (a) x = sin y . Find and then dy .
cos(a + y) dy dx

69. (a) fog = I  fog(x) = x for all x

 f ' (g(x))g' x = 1 for all x

 f '(g(a)) = 1 = 1  f '(b) = 1 (□ g(a) = b) .
g'(a) 2 2

70. (c) Since g(x) is the inverse of f (x ) , therefore

f(x) = y  g(y) = x

1
Now, g'(f(x)) = , x  g'( f (x )) = 1 + x 3 , x
f '(x)
  g'(y) = 1 + (g(y))3 [Using f(x) = y  x = g(y)]

 g'(x) = 1 + (g(x))3
d
[a(1 − cos t)]
71. (a) dy dy / dt dt
= = d
dx dx / dt [a(t + sin t)]
dt

72. (d) x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0  x 2 (1 + y) = y 2 (1 + x)

 (x − y)(x + y + xy ) = 0  x + y + xy = 0 , □ x  y
−1
 dy = .
dx (1 + x)2

73. (c) dy dy / dt .
=
dx dx /dt
1 − t2 2t
74. (c) x = and y=
1 + t2 1+t2

Put t = tan  in both the equations

 1 2
75. (a) x 4 + y 4 =  t −  + 2 = (x 2 + y 2 )2 + 2
 t

 x 2 y 2 = −1  y 2 = − 1
x2

76. (d) 1 + tan 2  =| sec  | .

77. (a) Taking log both sides, p log x + q log y = (p + q)log( x + y)

 p + q dy = p + q 1 + dy   dy = y .
x y dx x+y dx  dx x

  
f(x) = cos −1 cos − 1 + x  + x
x
78. (a)
 2 
  2 


f(x) = − 1 + x + xx
2 2

1 1
 f '(x) = − . + x x (1 + log x)
2 21+x
1 3
f '(1) = − + 1 = .
4 4
79. (c) y = log x + y  y 2 = log x + y

dy 1 dy dy 1
 2y = +  =
dx x dx dx x(2y − 1)

80. (b) x y = y x  y log e x = x log e y

81. (b) y = log x x = x log x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= (1 + log x) = log e + log x = log(ex )
dx
x)
82. (c) y = x (x  log y = x x log x

x
83. (a) x y = e x −y  y log x = x − y  y =
1 + log x

84. (a) y = e x+y  log y = (x + y) log e

85. (d) y = cos−1 1 − t 2 = sin−1 t

and x = sin−1 (3t − 4 t 3 ) = 3 sin−1 t

 1 
dy   2 
dy 1−t  dy 1
= dt =   = .
3   1 
dx dx dx 3
dt  1 − t 2 

(sin x )...... 
86. (a) y = (sin x)(sin x )

 y = (sin x )y  log e y = y log sin x

 1 dy = dy [log sin x + y cot x]
y dx dx

dy y 2 cot x
 = .
dx 1 − y log sin x

87. (a) x y + y x = ab ; Let xy=u and yx=v

 u + v = ab  du + dv = 0
dx dx

88. (a) y = x 2 + 1  y 2 = x 2y + 1
y

 2y
dy
= y.2 x + x 2
 
dy
 dy = 2 xy
.
dx dx dx 2y − x 2
89. (b) 2 x + 2y = 2 x + y ; Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
2 x (log 2) + 2 y (log 2) = 2(x + y)  + dy 
.(log 2)1 
dx  dx 

 dy 
 2 x + 2y dy = 2 x +y + 2 x +y  
dx  dx 

x +y
 dy  dy = 2 −2 x
x+y x+y
y
(2 − 2
x
.
)=2 −2 x +y
dx dx 2y − 2

 dy  22 − 2 2
  dx  = 2 − 22 = − 2 = −1.
 x = y =1

90. (c) x m
y n = 2(x + y)m +n
 m log x + n log y = log 2 + (m + n) log( x + y)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,

x ..... 
x
91. (d) y=x  y = ( x )y

 log y = y log x 1 / 2 = 1 y log x

2

y + .... to 
92. (c) x = ey + e , x  0 , x = e y+x

Taking log to the both sides, log x = (y + x)

93. (a) f(x) = cot −1

 x x− x −x x x = tan 
  ; Put 
 2 

94. (d) Putting x = cot 

95. (b) Putting x = sin  and y = sin 

d  −1  1 − x 2 

96. (d) cos  2 
dx
  1 + x 
1−x2
Let ____2 = cos   −1 x 2 = (1 + x 2 ) cos 
1+x

 − x 2 (1 + cos  ) = cos  − 1

2 sin 2
1 − cos 
 x2 = = 2 = tan 2
1 + cos   2
2 cos 2
2
 Or x = tan  or  = 2 tan−1 x
2
3 4 
97. (b) y = cos −1 cos x − sin x
5 5 

Putting 3 = r cos  , 4 = r sin   r = 1

5 5

 y = cos −1[cos  cos x − sin  sin x] =  + x  dy = 1 .

dx

d tan −1 x
98. (d)
dx a −x22

Putting x = a sin  ,

99. (b) 3 f(x) − 2 f(1 / x) = x . ... (i)

Let 1 / x = y , then 3 f(1 / y) − 2 f(y) = 1 / y

 −2 f(y) + 3 f(1 / y) = 1 / y

 −2 f(x) + 3 f(1 / x) = 1 / x .......................... (ii)

From 3 × (i) + 2 × (ii),

9 f(x) − 6 f(1 / x) − 4 f(x) + 6 f(1 / x) = 3 x + 2 / x

5 f(x ) = 3 x +
2
 f(x) = 1  3 x + 2 
x 5  x 

100. (b) Let y = tan −1 1 + x 2 −1

x

 
−1 1 + tan  − 1 
2
Put x = tan  , then y = tan 
tan 
 
 sec  − 1  −1  1 − cos  
y = tan −1   = tan  
 tan    sin 
  
2 sin 2
−1  2  −1 
y = tan   = tan tan
   2
cos 
 2 sin
 2 2
 1
y= = tan −1 x , (□ = tan −1 x) .
2 2
101. (c)  1 + x 2 − 1 
−1  −1
= and =
u tan   v 2 tan x
 x 

Put x = tan  in u and v;


−1  
u = tan  1 + tan  − 1  and
2

 v = 2
 tan  
 
sec  − 1 
u = tan −1 and v = 2
 
 tan  
  
2 sin 2

−1 2

u = tan and v = 2
 
 2 sin cos 
 2 2
du du / d 1/2 1
u =  / 2 and v = 2 ;  = = = .
dv dv / d 2 4

102. (c) y = sin −111− +x x2 

2

 

Put x = tan   = tan−1 x


 y = sin −1 cos 2 =  2
2

−1 1 − x
2 
−1

103. (c) Let y1 = cos  1+ x= 2 tan x ,

 2
 
 dy1   2  
1−3x2 dy  dx  1 + x2 2
 
cot −1 3x=−3xt3an −1 x  1
= dy 2  dy 2 = 3  = 3

     
 dx   1 + x 2

d  tan −1 x 
tan −1
x − dx 1 +tan −1 x 
104. (c) The differential coefficient of with respect to tan 1 x = 
d
1 + tan −1 x (tan −1 x)
dx

105. (c) y = aemx + be −mx ;  dy = ame mx − mbe −mx

dx

d 2y
Again = am 2emx + m 2be −mx
dx 2

d d 2y
2
y 2 mx
2
= m (ae + be −mx
) =m y
2 2
dx dx
d 2y
Or − m 2y = 0 .
dx 2
106. (b) y = ax n+1 + bx −n  dy = (n + 1)ax n − nbx −n−1
dx

d
2
y
= n(n 1)ax n −1 + n(n 1)bx −n − 2
dx 2 + +

 x2 d 2y = n(n + 1)y .
dx 2

2x
107. (b) Let p = sin−1 = 2 tan −1 x
1+x2

and = −1 1 − x
;x  dp = dp / dx = 1 .
2
−1
=
q cos 2 tan
1+x2 dq dq / dx
 1 + x 2 −1 
−1 −1
108. (a) Let y1 = tan   and y 2 = tan x
 x 
 
dy1 d  −1 
Now = tan tan , [By putting x = tan  ]

dx dx  2 

  1
−1 =
 tan tan & dy 2 1
dy1 d
= =
dx 
dx  2  2(1 + x 2) dx 1+x2

Hence dy1 1
= .
dy 2 2

d x  
109. (d) 2 = d  dx  = d  1  −1 d 2y
   dy  = 2 .
dy 2 dy  dy  dy    dy  dx
2
.
 dx 
 dx 

110. (a) 2 f(x ) − 3 f(2 x ) + f(4 x)

lim
x →0 x2

Using L-Hospital’s rule twice, we get

2 f "(x) − 3.2.2 f "(2 x) + 4.4 f "(4 x)
lim = 3a
x →0 2
dy dy
111. (b) We have e y + xy = e. Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get ey +y+x = 0 .................. (i)
dx dx

Differentiating w.r.t .x, we get

d 2y  dy 2 dy d 2y
ey + ey   +2 +x = 0 ....................(ii)
dx 2  dx  dx dx 2
 n dy  
112. (a) y = (x + 1+x2)  = n(x + )n−1 1 + x
1+x2  
dx 1+x2
 

n(x + 1 + x 2 )n
 dy =
dx 1+x2
dy
( 1+x2) = n(x + 1 + x 2 )n
dx

113. (c) Put x 3 = sin  , y 3 = sin

 1 − x 6 + 1 − y 6 = a3 (x 3 − y 3 )

cos  + cos  = a3 (sin − sin )

Or 2 cos  +  cos  −  = 2a3 sin  −  cos  + 
2 2 2 2
+ − −
Or cos cos − a3 sin =0
 2 
2  2

If cos  +  = 0, then + 

=
2 2 2

 =  −  or sin  = sin  or x=y

114. (a) dy dy / d = n sec n  tan  + n cos n −1  sin 

=
dx dx / d sec  tan  + sin 

n(sec n  + cos n  ) and r

by  )
= (Dividing r
N D tan
sec  + cos 

 dy 2 n 2 (sec n  + cos n  )2
  dx  = (sec  + cos  )2
 

n 2 [(sec n  − cos n  )2 + 4 sec n  cos n  ] n 2 (y 2 + 4)

= =
(sec  − cos  )2 + 4 sec  . cos  x2+4

 (x 2 + 4)  dy 
2
= n 2 2(y + 4) .
 dx 

115. (a) standard problem

116. (c) dy = p'(x)  2 dy p (x ) d 2 y yp (x ) − p(x)y
2y = 2 = 2
dx dx y dx 2 y
dy
 3d
y=2 2 1
−  =  −  2

2y y p (x) y p (x) {p (x)}

dx 2 dx p(x ) p (x)
2
d  3 d y2 
 2 y  = p(x)p (x) + p(x)p (x) − p(x)p (x)

dx  dx 2 
 = p(x)p(x) .

117. (c) Let x = 5, y = 0  f(5 + 0) = f(5).f(0)

 f (5) = f(5)f(0)  f(0) = 1

Therefore, f(5 + h) − f (5)
f ' (5) = lim
h→0 h

f (5) f(h) − f(5) f(h) − 1 

= lim = lim 2  , □ f(5) = 2
h→0 h h →0  h 
 f(h) − f(0)
= 2 lim . = 2  f ' (0) = 2  3 = 6 .

h→0  h 
2


x
118. (c) x 2 (1 + x) = f(t) dt.
0

Differentiating w.r.t .x , 2 x(1 + x ) + x 2 = f(x 2 ). 2 x

 f(x 2 ) = 1 + x + x , x  0
2

2
Putting x = 2, f (4) = 1 + 2 + = 4.
2