Contraceptives

In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 65% of women globally used some
form of contraception, and 58.7% used modern methods, among married or women in a union. The
suitability of contraception methods varies based on factors such as health, age, sexual activity, number of
partners, future plans for children, and family medical history. Access to preferred contraception methods is
essential for upholding human rights, including the right to life, freedom of choice and expression, and
access to education and work. It also brings various health and other advantages.
Contraception plays a crucial role in preventing unintended pregnancies and allowing individuals to
make informed choices about their reproductive health. These methods encompass a wide range of
options, including oral contraceptive pills, implants, injections, patches, rings, intrauterine devices (IUDs),
condoms, sterilization, lactational amenorrhea, withdrawal, and fertility awareness methods.

Each of these methods works differently and varies in effectiveness. Effectiveness is measured by
the number of pregnancies per 100 women per year, with categories ranging from very effective (0-0.9
pregnancies) to less effective (20 or more pregnancies). It is important to note that the effectiveness of
these methods can differ based on individual factors and proper usage.

Oral contraceptive pills, for example, contain hormones that prevent ovulation and are taken daily.
Implants are small rods inserted under the skin, releasing hormones to prevent ovulation for up to three
years. Injectables involve hormone injections given every three months to prevent ovulation. Patches are
small adhesive squares that release hormones through the skin into the bloodstream. Condoms, whether
male or female, act as barriers to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. The withdrawal method involves
the man withdrawing before ejaculation, while fertility awareness-based methods rely on tracking menstrual
cycles to avoid intercourse during fertile periods.

It is essential to consider the pros and cons of each method, as they may have different side
effects and levels of effectiveness. Consulting with healthcare professionals can provide valuable guidance
in selecting the most suitable method based on individual health, lifestyle, and preferences.

Over the years, there has been a significant increase in the number of women of reproductive age
globally. This increase has also led to a rise in the number of women who have a need for family planning,
whether they are married, in a union, or unmarried but sexually active and intending to delay or avoid
childbearing. The number of women with a need for family planning has increased by 62% from 1990 to
2021.

To meet this growing need, more women are turning to modern contraceptive methods. This shift
towards effective contraception is crucial in satisfying the desire to delay or avoid childbearing. It is worth
noting that the total fertility rate has declined globally, from an average of 3.3 births per woman in 1990 to
2.3 births per woman in 2021.

These trends have significant implications. With more women desiring to delay or prevent
pregnancy, the use of modern contraceptive methods plays a crucial role in enabling women to have
control over their reproductive choices. It empowers them to plan their families according to their personal
circumstances, goals, and aspirations. Additionally, the decline in total fertility rates can have positive
effects on various aspects, including maternal health, child well-being, and socio-economic development.
Overall, the increasing use of effective contraception methods and the decline in total fertility rates reflect a
shift towards reproductive autonomy and the realization of women's rights to make informed decisions
about their reproductive health.

The contraceptive pills come with many advantages. In the following, we have listed a few of them.
The contraceptive pill is highly effective, with up to 99% effectiveness in preventing unwanted pregnancies.
It is easy to use, requiring a daily intake at the same time each day. Importantly, it does not have any
impact on a person's sex life. When taken at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, it provides immediate
protection. Additionally, it offers continuous protection even during the 7-day break. Many users report a
reduction in period pains and a decreased likelihood of experiencing heavy periods. Furthermore, it
provides the flexibility to delay periods if necessary. Another benefit is its potential to help maintain clear
skin and combat acne. Overall, the contraceptive pill offers a range of advantages in addition to its primary
function of preventing pregnancy.
While contraceptive pills offer numerous benefits, it's important to be aware of potential side effects
and disadvantages. In the initial months of use, some individuals may experience nausea, chest tightness,
headaches, mood swings, or skin imperfections. If needed, your doctor can prescribe a different brand from
another manufacturer. In rare cases, there is a possibility of developing high blood pressure. The risk of
developing blood clots and breast cancer is slightly higher. If you experience nausea or diarrhea, it's
uncertain whether that day's contraception was fully effective. Consistent daily intake is crucial as forgetting
to take the pill regularly increases the risk of unwanted pregnancies. It's important to note that the pill does
not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It's essential to weigh these
considerations and consult with a healthcare professional to make an informed decision about
contraceptive options.
In conclusion, contraception methods offer individuals the ability to take control of their
reproductive choices and prevent unintended pregnancies. By understanding the effectiveness and
mechanisms of these methods, individuals can make informed decisions to safeguard their reproductive
health. Let us continue to promote awareness and access to contraception, ensuring that everyone has the
opportunity to make choices that align with their personal circumstances and aspirations.

References:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception
https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pros-and-cons-contraceptive-methods/
https://drseb.com/contraception/pills-pros-and-cons/
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022