Research 4.
Intellectual Honesty -
Characteristics of honesty in collection of data
- asking questions and looking Quantitative Research to arrive at an honest result.
for answers to these questions
1. Objective - Seeks accurate 5. Intellectual Creativity -
- French word “cerhier” = seek, measurement and analysis creates new, innovative,
“re” = to repeat of target concepts. unique, novel and original
research.
- to repeat looking for something 2. Clearly defined research
existent before in different questions - please search
perspectives questions have to be Steps of the Research
precise and clear for which Process
objective answer are
sought. 1. Define and develop your
Characteristics of Research topic (research problem).
3. Structured Research
1. Empirical - evidence of Factors don't consider in
Instruments - structured
proof through senses. selecting a research problem:
research tools like
2. Logical - based on questionnaires or checklists.
Researchers area of interest
valid procedures and
4. Numerical Data - data are
principles. availability of funds
organized and presented in
3. Cyclical - it starts with the form of numbers and investigators ability and
a problem and ends statistics in table, charts, training
with a problem. figures etc.
2. Find background
4. Analytical - uses 5. Large Sample Sizes - I information about your
proven analytical minimum of 20% of the chosen topic (review of
procedures in gathering population can be used as related literature).
data. respondents of a research.
3. Plan your research design
5. Critical - exhibits 6. Replication - quantitative including your sample
careful and precise studies can be replicated or (methodology).
judgment (based on .05 repeated but not duplicated
degree of confidence). to verify or confirm the 4. Gathering necessary data
correctness of the results in using open-ended questions
6. Methodical - uses other settings. (for qualitative research)
methods and and close ended
procedures which is not 7. Future Outcomes – questionnaire or paper
bias. through complex pencil test questionnaire
mathematical calculations (for quantitative research)
7. Replicablity - these and with the aid of (data gathering
signs and procedures computers and formulated activities).
are repeated to arrive formulas scenarios can be
at valid and conclusive predicting future results. 5. Process and analyze data
result. using thematic analysis (for
8. Verification of existing facts qualitative research) and
and develop new concepts - statistical tools (for
Quantitative Research how do you search can quantitative research) -
validate an existing pack or Interpretation of Data.
1. An objective, systematic maybe used to develop new
empirical investigation of ideas. 6. Formulate new insights
observable phenomena. gained (for qualitative
Characteristics of research) conclusions (for
2. Highlights numerical Researchers quantitative research) and
analysis of data.
recommendations.
1. Intellectual Curiosity -
3. The results that can be keep on the collection of 7. Define your problem.
generalized to some larger information.
population and explain a Research Ethics - guidelines
particular observation 2. Prudence - the right thing for the responsible conduct of
having no biases. at the right time. research which educates and
monitors researchers to ensure
4. Primary concern is numbers 3. Healthy Criticism -
high standards.
and its relationship with mindful of doubts and
events. criticism.
Ethical Considerations In the basis of sex, race, Ethical Standards in
conducting research ethnicity, or other factors. Research Writing
1. Objectivity and integrity Competence - maintain Plagiarism - using another
and improve your own person's ideas, works, processes
2. respect of these research professional competence and results without giving due
subjects the right to privacy and expertise through credit.
and dignity and protection lifelong education and
of subjects from personal learning. Three Types of Plagiarism:
harm.
Legality - know and obey 1. Failure to site rotations and
3. Presentation of research relevant laws and borrowed ideas .
findings. institutional and
2. Failure to enclose Borrowed
government policies.
4. Misuse of research role. language in quotation
Animal Care -show proper marks.
5. Acknowledgement of respect and care for
research collaboration and 3. Failure to put summaries
animals when using them in
the assistance. and paraphrases in your
research.
own words.
6. Distortions of findings by Human Subject
sponsor. Promotion - when Strengths of Quantitative
Research
conducting a research on
Ethical Principles in
the human subjects
Research 1. The results can be easily
minimize harms and risk misinterpreted.
Informed Consent - and maximize benefits.
required to secure in order 2. They use officer statistical
Rights of Research
to protect the rights of the techniques facility
Participants
participants in your study sophisticated analysis and
voluntarily participation. allows you to comprehend a
Human Rights –the moral
huge amount of vital
principles or norms that
Honesty - do not fabricate characteristics of the data.
describe certain standards
falsify and misrepresent.
of human behavior and are 3. Thank you medical data can
Objectivity - avoid bias in regularly protected as a be analyzed in a quick and
all aspects of research. natural and legal rights. easy way.
Integrity - keep your Intellectual Property – 4. Applicable
promises and agreements; protect creations of mind
act with sincerity; strive for which have both a moral
consistency of thought and and commercial value. Weaknesses of Quantitative
action. Research
Copyright Infringement –use
Responsible Monitoring - our production of copyright 1. It requires a large number
help to educate, mentor protected material without of respondents.
and advise others. permission of the copyright
holder. 2. It is costly
Responsible Publication -
published in order to Voluntarily Participation – 3. the information contextual
advance research and prospective research factors to help interpret the
scholarship. participants must be results or to explain
informed about the variations are usually
Respect for Colleagues - procedures and risk ignored.
respect your colleagues involved in research and
opinion treat them fairly must give their consent to 4. Many information are
and do not outsmart others. participate. difficult to gather using
structured research
Social Responsibility - Anonymity –protection of instruments.
strive to promote social people's identity through
acceptance and prevent or not disclosing their name or 5. If not done seriously and
mitigate social harms not exposing their identity. correctly data from
through the research, public questionnaires may be
education and advocacy. Privacy -someone's trying to incomplete and inaccurate.
keep his personal matters
Non-Discrimination - and relationship secret.
avoid discrimination against
colleagues or students on
