Quantitative Ability - 10

Permutations & Combinations

In how many ways can four letters be selected from the word PENCIL?
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25 (E) 30
In how many ways can three prizes be given to 7 boys when each boy is eligible for any
of the prizes?
(A) 21 (B) 343 (C) 243 (D) 7 (E) 42
7 × 7 × 7 = 343
Total ways = 343
Find out the total number of arrangements of letters of the word ‘ANGLE’ such that the
words always begin with N.
(A) 5! (B) 4! (C) 2! (D) 3! (E) 6!
In these arrangements, the first place can be filled in one way only, and the
remaining 4 letters can be arranged in 4! ways.
So, the total number of arrangements = 4! = 24.
Everybody in a room shakes hands with each other. The total number of handshakes is
66. The total number of persons in the room is
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13 (E) 14
There are 20 red and 45 blue shirts. If a person wants to select 1 red shirt and 1 blue
shirt, then in how many ways can he choose these 2 shirts?
(A) 600 (B) 900 (C) 65 (D) 1,800 (E) 1,200
He can select a red shirt out of 20 red shirts in 20C1 ways.
He can select a blue shirt out of 45 blue shirts in 45C1 ways.
Total number of ways = 20C1 × 45C1 = 20 × 45 = 900.
A number lock consists of 3 rings and each ring contains 10 digits from 0 to 9. In how
many ways can an unsuccessful attempt be made to open the lock?
(A) 100 (B) 999 (C) 1,000 (D) 99 (E) 111
Total number of attempts:
10 (first ring has 10 digits) × 10 (second ring has 10 digits) × 10 (third ring has 10
digits) = 1,000. Out of these 1 attempt will be a successful attempt. So, total
number of unsuccessful attempts = 1000 – 1 = 999.
How many 3-digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1 and 5?
(A) 27 (B) 18 (C) 36 (D) 40 (E) 45
At the hundred’s place only two digits can be used, either 1 or 5 so the hundred’s
place can be filled in 2 ways.
Ten’s place can be filled in 3 ways.
Unit’s place can be filled in 3 ways.
So, the total number of = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18.
How many 4-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits 0, 2, 3, 7 and 8, if
repetition of digits is not allowed?
(A) 96 (B) 48 (C) 36 (D) 24 (E) 72
As we know, the unit digit of an odd number must be odd, so unit digit can filled in
2 ways (i.e. 3 or 7). The thousand’s place can be filled in 3 ways and the rest two
places can be filled in 3 and ways.
The required number of the way = 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 = 36.
In how many ways can 6 out of 8 people be seated in a row on a bench of 6 seats such
that no seat is left unoccupied?
(A) 19440 (B) 6720 (C) 720 (D) 1440 (E) None of these
Required number of ways = 8P6= 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 20160
In how many ways can 6 boys and 4 girls be seated in a row so that no two girls sit
adjacent to each other?
10!
(A) 6! × 7C4 (B) 6! × 4! (C)
4!
(D) 6! × 4 (E) None of these
6 boys can be arranged in a row in 6! ways.
×B×B×B×B×B×B×
There are 7 cross-marked places and 4 girls can be seated in these 7 places in
7P ways.
4

Therefore, the required number of ways = 6! × 7P4

In a group, there are 6 men, 5 women and 4 children.
In how many ways can a committee of 3 members be selected such that all the
members of the committee are women?
(A) 60 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 15 (E) 25
The required number of ways = 5C3 = 10
In a group, there are 6 men, 5 women and 4 children.
In how many ways can a committee of 3 members be selected so that it consists of 2
men and 1 child?
(A) 19 (B) 36 (C) 24 (D) 27 (E) None of these
The required number of ways
= 6C2 × 4C1 = 15 × 4 = 60
In a group, there are 6 men, 5 women and 4 children.
In how many ways can a committee of 4 members be selected?
(A) 1440 (B) 720 (C) 1365 (D) 1155 (E) 360
The required number of ways
= 15C4 = 1365
How many five digit numbers can be formed using all the odd numbers from 1 to 9,
without repetition?
(A) 120 (B) 720 (C) 15120 (D) 7500 (E) 360
There are 5 odd digits, viz. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.
So, the total numbers that can be formed is 5! = 120
In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘EDUCATION’ be arranged such that all
the vowels are always together?
9!
(A) 9! (B) (C) 5! × 4! (D) 5! × 5! (E) 5 × 5!
5!
In the given word there are 5 different vowels and 4 different consonants.
Considering the 5 vowels as one unit, total number of ways of arranging these 5
units (a unit of vowels and for consonants) = 5!.
For each of these arrangements, the vowels can be arranged among themselves
in 5! ways. Therefore, total number of different ways = 5! × 5!
In a cultural festival, 6 programmes are to be staged in 2 days such that 3 programmes
are staged on each day one after another. In how many ways can the programmes be
staged?
(A) 6C3 × 3! (B) 6C3 × 3! × 3! (C) 6C3 × 3 × 3!
(D) 3! × 3! (E) 3 × 3!
Three programmes for first day can be selected in 6C3 ways. Now, these 3
programmes can be arranged in 3! ways.
For the second day, the remaining three programmes can be arranged in 3!
ways.
So, the required number of ways = 6C3 × 3! × 3!
In how many ways can a committees of 5 members be formed from 8 official and 4 non-
official members such that a particular official member is never included?
(A) 12C5 – 11C1 (B) 11C6 (C) 12C6
(D) 462 (E) 231
A particular official never included, then number of remaining members will be 11.
Required number of ways = 11C5= 462
In an entrance test, a candidate is required to attempt a total of 4 questions which are to
be attempted from 2 sections, each containing 5 questions. The maximum number of
questions that he can attempt from any section is 3. In how many ways can he answer
the test?
(A) 150 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 250 (E) 300
The total number of possible arrangements are
= 5C3 * 5C1+ 5C2 * 5C3 + 5C1* 5C3 = 50 + 100 + 50 = 200.
The number of ways in which 5 boys and 5 girls can form a circle such that the boys and
girls are alternate is
(A) 5! × 5! (B) 4! × 5! (C) 4! × 4!
(D) 5 × 5! (E) None of these
Five boys can be arranged along a circle in 4! ways. Five girls can then be
arranged in the 5 places in 5! ways.
Therefore, the required number of ways = 4! × 5!.
How many 2-digit even numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 if
the digits can be repeated?
(A) 28 (B) 18 (C) 16 (D) 24 (E) 20
Unit’s place can be filled by 0, 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. in 4 ways). Since digits can be
repeated, ten’s place can be filled by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (i.e. in 7 ways).
Therefore, the required number = 4 × 7 = 28
In how many ways can 4 men and 4 women can be seated along a circular table for
lunch so that men and women are alternate?
(A) 144 (B) 36 (C) 576 (D) 5040 (E) 324
4 men can be seated along a circular table in (4 – 1)! i.e.3! ways.
There are 4 places for 4 women. Therefore, 4 women can be seated in 4! ways.
Hence, required number of ways = 3! × 4! = 144.
If there are 7 points in a plane out of which 3 are collinear, then the number of straight
lines formed by joining them is
(A) 21 (B) 20 (C) 19 (D) 18 (E) 22
Number of straight line = 7C2 – 3C2 + 1 = 21 – 3 + 1 = 19.
Thanks!
Quantitative Ability - 10
Probability and Sets
If two dice are thrown simultaneously, what is the probability that both of them show 4?
(A) 1/6 (B) 1/36 (C) 1/9 (D) 4/15 (E) 1/18
If two fair dice are rolled simultaneously, what is the probability that the sum of the
numbers at the top faces of both the dice is 11?
(A) 1/18 (B) 1 (C) 2/3 (D) 4/5 (E) 1/2
If a unbiased coin is tossed thrice, what is the probability of getting a head in each toss?
(A) 1/8 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/2 (D) 2/3 (E) 3/8
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on
top face of the dice is more than 10.
(A) 1/6 (B) 5/6 (C) 1/12 (D) 1/27 (E) 1/18
Possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36
Outcomes of obtaining a sum of more than 10 are (6, 6), (6, 5) and (5, 6).
The required probability=3/36=1/12
Two cards are drawn randomly from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards, what is the
probability that we get a king and a queen?
16 4 8 13 3
(A) 52 (B) 52 (C) 52 (D) 52 (E)
C2 C2 C2 C2 52
C2
Total number of ways of selecting 2 cards from a complete pack of cards = 52C
2
The number of ways of selecting a king and a queen
= 4C1 × 4C1 = 16
Required probability =16/ 52C2
There are three shooters A, B and C hitting the same target. Probability of A hitting the
target is 3/5, of B 1/3 and of C 4/7.
Find the probability that exactly one of them will hit the target.
(A) 6/35 (B) 2/35 (C) 8/21 (D) 16/105 (E) 8/35
There are three shooters A, B and C hitting the same target. Probability of A hitting the
target is 3/5, of B 1/3 and of C 4/7.
Find the probability that exactly two of them will hit the target.
(A) 3/35 (B) 41/105 (C) 8/35 (D) 8/105 (E) 16/105
A coin and a die are tossed. What is the probability that we will get a head and an even
number.
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 1/3 (E) 2/5
The probability that event M will not occur is 0.8 and the probability that event R
will not occur is 0.6. If events M and R cannot both occur, which of the following is
the probability that either event M or event R will occur?

A) 1/5
B) 2/5
C) 3/5
D) 4/5
E) 12/25
We are given that the probability that event M will not occur is 0.8 and the
probability that event R will not occur is 0.6 and that events M and R cannot both
occur.

We need to determine the probability that either event M or event R will occur.

The probability that event M will occur is 1 - 0.8 = 0.2 = 1/5

The probability that event R will occur is 1 - 0.6 = 0.4 = 2/5

Since events M and R cannot both occur , the probability that either event M or
event R will occur is 1/5 + 2/5 =3/5.

Answer: C
Raffle tickets numbered consecutively from 101 through 350 are placed in a box.
What is the probability that a ticket selected at random will have a number with a
hundreds digit of 2 ?

(A) 2/5
(B) 2/7
(C) 33/83
(D) 99/250
(E) 100/249
The number of integers from 101 to 350, inclusive is 250, out of which 100 (from
200 to 299) will have a hundreds digit of 2. Thus the probability is 100/250=2/5.

Answer: A.
On Saturday morning, Malachi will begin a camping vacation and he will return
home at the end of the first day on which it rains. If on the first three days of the
vacation the probability of rain on each day is 0.2, what is the probability that
Malachi will return home at the end of the day on the following Monday?

A. 0.008
B. 0.128
C. 0.488
D. 0.512
E. 0.640
We are looking for the probability of the following even NNR: no rain on first day,
no rain on second day, rain on third day (Monday).

P(NNR)=0.8∗0.8∗0.2=0.128.

Answer: B.
Of the 84 parents who attended a meeting at a school, 35 volunteered to
supervise children during the school picnic and 11 volunteered both to supervise
children during the picnic and to bring refreshments to the picnic. If the number of
parents who volunteered to bring refreshments was 1.5 times the number of
parents who neither volunteered to supervise children during the picnic nor
volunteered to bring refreshments, how many of the parents volunteered to bring
refreshments?

(A) 25
(B) 36
(C) 38
(D) 42
(E) 45
Look at the matrix below:

Notice that numbers in black are given and in red are calculated. We need the
value of yellow box: 1.5x+(24+x)=84
x=24
1.5x=36

Answer: B.
Last year 26 members of a certain club traveled to England, 26 members traveled
to France, and 32 members traveled to Italy. Last year no members of the club
traveled to both England and France, 6 members traveled to both England and
Italy, and 11 members traveled to both France and Italy. How many members of
the club traveled to at least one of these three countries last year?

A) 52
B) 67
C) 71
D) 73
E) 79
n(E or F or I) = n(E) + n(F) + n(I) - n(E and F) - n(F and I) - n(I and E) +n(E and F
and I)

n(E or F or I) = 26 + 26 + 32 - 0 - 11 - 6 + 0

Why is the number of people who traveled to E and F and I 0? Because no one
traveled to both England and France. So obviously, no one would have traveled to
England, France and Italy.

n(E or F or I) = 67

Answer (B)
Among a group of 2,500 people, 35 percent invest in municipal bonds, 18 percent
invest in oil stocks, and 7 percent invest in both municipal bonds and oil stocks. If
1 person is to be randomly selected from the 2,500 people, what is the probability
that the person selected will be one who invests in municipal bonds but NOT in oil
stocks?

(A) 9/50
(B) 7/25
(C) 7/20
(D) 21/50
(E) 27/50
0.35∗2,500=875 invest in municipal bonds;
0.07∗2,500=175 invest in in both municipal bonds and oil stocks;

Therefore 875−175=700 invest in municipal bonds but NOT in in oil stocks. (Or
directly: 35%-7%=28% of 2,500, which is 700, invest in municipal bonds but NOT
in in oil stocks).

P=Favorable/Total=700/2,500=7/25

Answer: B.
A marketing firm determined that, of 200 households surveyed, 80 used neither
Brand A nor Brand B soap, 60 used only Brand A soap, and for every household
that used both brands of soap, 3 used only Brand B soap. How many of the 200
households surveyed used both brands of soap?

(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) 40
(E) 45
"For every household that used both brands of soap, 3 used only Brand B soap"
means that if x used both A and B, then 3x used only B (but not A).
So, 4x+140=200
x=15.

Answer: A.
Each problem consists of a question and two statements, labeled I and II, which contain
certain data. Using these data and your knowledge of mathematics and everyday
facts decide whether the data given are sufficient for answering the question and then
indicate one of the following answer choices:
A. Statement I ALONE is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement II ALONE is sufficient, but statement I alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is
sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements I and II TOGETHER are NOT sufficient
A jar contains two types of marbles red and white. If one marble is drawn at random
from the jar, then what is the probability that it will be a red marble?
I. The total number of marbles in the jar is 40.
II. The ratio of the number of red marble to the number of white marble in the jar is 3 : 2.
An urn contains red discs, white discs, and blue discs. A disc is selected at random.
What is the probability that it is blue?
I. There were 5 discs in the urn.
II. The ratio of red to white to blue discs in the urn is 1 : 2 : 4.
A occurs if and only if B does not, B occurs only if both C and D occur. What is the
probability of A’s occurence? (C and D are independent events.)
I. Probability of occurence C and D is 1/4 and 1/2 respectively.
II. Probability of B’s occurence is 1/8.
What is the probability that B wins the race?
I. Probability that A wins is 0.6.
II. A and B are the only contestants.
Statement I gives probability of A winning but here we do not know the number of
contestants.
Statement II provides the information that there are only 2 contestants but we do
not know the probability of a tie.

Even if we combine both the statements, it will not be sufficient.

So, correct answer is option E.
In Jefferson School, 300 students study French or Spanish or both. If 100 of these
students do not study French, how many of these students study both French and
Spanish?
(1) Of the 300 students, 60 do not study Spanish.
(2) A total of 240 of the students study Spanish.

Question – 29
Given: 300 = {French} + {Spanish} - {Both} and {Spanish} - {Both} = 100 --> 300 =
{French} + 100 --> {French} = 200.
Question: {Both}=?

(1) Of the 300 students, 60 do not study Spanish --> {French} - {Both} = 60 -->
200 - {Both} = 60 --> {Both} = 140. Sufficient.

(2) A total of 240 of the students study Spanish --> {Spanish} = 240 --> 240 -
{Both} = 100 ---> {Both} = 140. Sufficient.

Answer: D.
How many of the 60 cars sold last month by a certain dealer had neither power windows
nor a stereo?
(1) Of the 60 cars sold, 20 had a stereo but not power windows.
(2) Of the 60 cars sold, 30 had both power windows and a stereo.

Question – 28
Given: 60 = {Windows} + {Stereo} - {Both} + {Neither}.
Question: {Neither} = ?

(1) Of the 60 cars sold, 20 had a stereo but not power windows:
{Stereo} - {Both} = 20
60 = {Windows} + 20 + {Neither}. Not sufficient.

(2) Of the 60 cars sold, 30 had both power windows and a stereo: {Both} = 30.
Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) We can find how many had stereo, but we still cannot get how many had
neither power windows nor a stereo. Not sufficient.

Answer: E.
Thanks!