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ISI JRF 2023 - Pure Mathematical Academy

The document contains the ISI JRF Math 2023 question paper, featuring a series of mathematical problems across various topics such as calculus, complex analysis, linear algebra, and group theory. Each problem requires proofs or demonstrations of mathematical concepts, including limits, differentiability, holomorphic functions, and properties of Banach spaces. The document serves as an examination resource for students preparing for advanced mathematical assessments.

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177 views5 pages

ISI JRF 2023 - Pure Mathematical Academy

The document contains the ISI JRF Math 2023 question paper, featuring a series of mathematical problems across various topics such as calculus, complex analysis, linear algebra, and group theory. Each problem requires proofs or demonstrations of mathematical concepts, including limits, differentiability, holomorphic functions, and properties of Banach spaces. The document serves as an examination resource for students preparing for advanced mathematical assessments.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PURE MATHEMATICAL ACADEMY

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute)


CSIR-NET/NBHM/GATE/TIFR/IIT-JAM
(Contact Us) +91 8900735134

ISI JRF MATH 2023 QUESTION PAPER


NOTATION:
• N = Natural Numbers
• Z = Integers
• Q = Rational Numbers
• R = Real Numbers
• C = Complex Numbers
• i = Square root of −1.

MTA

1. Suppose f : (0, ∞) → R is a twice differentiable function satisfying the following


conditions for all x ∈ (0, ∞) :
f (x) ≥ 0, f ′ (x) ≤ 0, f ′′ (x) ≥ 0.
Show that
lim f ′ (x) = 0.
x→∞

2. Suppose a function f : R → R satisfies the following conditions:


(a) For all n ≥ 1, the n-th order derivative f (n) (x) exists for all x ∈ R.
(b) For all x ̸= 0,
1
|f (x)| ≤ e− x2 .
Prove that f (0) = 0 and f (n) (0) = 0 for all n ≥ 1.

3. For y ∈ R and M > 0, let γy,M : [−M, M ] → C be the curve


γy,M (x) = x + iy
for all x ∈ [−M, M ].
(a) Show that for all y ∈ R, the limit
Z
2
I(y) := lim e−z dz
M →∞ γy,M

exists.
(b) Show that for all y1 , y2 ∈ R, we have I(y1 ) = I(y2 ).

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4. Let f : C → C be a holomorphic function of the form


f (z) = u(z) + iv(z),
where u and v are real-valued functions defined on C, which we identify with R2 .
(a) Prove that for all x, y ∈ R,
∂u ∂v
f ′ (x + iy) = (x, y) + i (x, y).
∂x ∂x
(b) Assume that for all α ∈ R, there exists a real number β (depending on α) such that
f ({z : Re(z) = α}) ⊆ {z : Re(z) = β}.
Here, Re(z) denotes the real part of the complex number z. Show that there exist
constants a ∈ R and b ∈ C such that for all z ∈ C,f (z) = az + b.

5. Let α > 2 be a real number.


Prove that the function F : R → R defined by
Z ∞
cos(tx)
F (t) = dx
0 1 + xα
is differentiable.

6. Consider the Banach space L1 (R) equipped with the norm


Z
∥f ∥ := |f (x)| dx,
R

where dx denotes the Lebesgue measure on R. Let ϕ ∈ L1 (R) be such that ϕ(x) ≥ 0
almost everywhere. For f ∈ L1 (R), define a measurable function T (f ) on R as
Z
T (f )(x) = ϕ(x − y)f (y) dy
R

almost everywhere.
(a) Prove that T (f ) belongs to L1 (R) for all f in L1 (R).
(b) Prove that the linear map T is a bounded linear operator from L1 (R) to L1 (R).
(c) Compute the operator norm of T .

7. Suppose X, Y are Banach spaces and T : X → Y is a bounded linear map such that
the dimension of the vector space
Im(T ) := {T x : x ∈ X} ⊆ Y

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is finite. Moreover, assume that {xn }n≥1 is a sequence in X such that for all bounded
linear functionals f on X,
lim f (xn ) = 0.
n→∞
(a) Prove that for all bounded linear functionals g on Y ,
lim g(T (xn )) = 0.
n→∞

(b) Prove that


lim ∥T (xn )∥ = 0.
n→∞

8. For a normed linear space N , the symbol N ∗ will stand for the set of all bounded
linear functionals on N.
Let E and F be Banach spaces, and let T : E → F be a linear map such that there
exists another linear map S : F ∗ → E ∗ satisfying the equation
g(T (e)) = S(g)(e)
for all e ∈ E and for all g ∈ F ∗ .Prove that T is a bounded linear map.

MTB
NOTATIONS:
• For n ∈ {1, 2, . . . }, Mn (R) will denote the set of all n × n matrices with real entries.
• The symbol In will stand for the n × n identity matrix.
• Any ring R considered below is assumed to contain a multiplicative identity 1R .
• A ring homomorphism f : R → S is always assumed to satisfy f (1R ) = 1S .

1. Let A be an element of M3 (R). Assume that there are linearly independent vectors
v1 , v2 , v3 in R3 and real numbers λ1 , λ2 , λ3 such that for all i = 1, 2, 3,

A(vi ) = λi vi .
Let

W = {B ∈ M3 (R) : BA = AB}.
Compute the dimension of the vector space W in the following two cases:
(a) when λ1 = λ2 = λ3 .
(b) when λ1 = λ2 and λ3 ̸= λ1 .

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2. Let J : Rn → Rn be an orthogonal linear transformation such that J 2 = −In .


(a) Prove that n is even.
(b) Prove that if v ∈ Rn , then v is orthogonal to J(v).
(c) Assume that n = 4. Show that there is an orthonormal basis of R4 such that the
matrix of J with respect to this basis is
 
0 −1 0 0
1 0 0 0 
 
0 0 0 −1
0 0 1 0

3. Let p and q be distinct prime numbers.


If G is a group of order pq such that G has at least two conjugacy classes of size 1, then
prove that G is cyclic.

4. Consider the rings

Q[x] Q[x] Q[x]


R1 = 2
, R2 = 2 , R3 = 2 .
(x ) (x − 1) (x − 2)
Prove or disprove each of the following statements:
(a) R1 is isomorphic to R2 as rings.
(b) R2 is isomorphic to R3 as rings.
(c) R1 is isomorphic to R3 as rings.

5. Consider the ring


√ Z[x]
R = Z[ −1] ∼
= .
(x2 + 1)
Let F be a finite field with 25 elements. Prove that there does not exist any surjective
ring homomorphism from R to F .

6. Let G be a group acting on a ring R which satisfies the equations


g.(x + y) = g.x + g.y, g.(xy) = (g.x)(g.y)
for all x, y ∈ R and for all g ∈ G.
(a) Prove that
RG := {r ∈ R : g.r = r ∀ g ∈ G}
is a subring of R.

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(b) In the above notation, let R = C[x, y] and


G = C3 = {g : g 3 = e}
be the cyclic group of order 3.
Assume that the action of G on R satisfies the following equations:
g.x = ωx, g.y = ω 2 y,
 √
where ω = cos 2π 2π

3 + −1 sin 3 is a cube root of unity.
Observe that x3 , y 3 ∈ RG .
G
Prove that (xR3 y3 ) is a vector space over C and compute its dimension.

7. Let X ⊆ R2 be defined as
 [ [ 
 1 1  [  
X = {0} × , 1 { } × [0, 1] [0, 1] × {0} .
2 n≥1
n
X is equipped with the subspace topology from R2 .
Prove or disprove the following statement: X is connected.

8. Let X be a compact metric space having at least two elements and let x0 ∈ X.
Suppose that X \ {x0 } is connected.
Consider the following statements:
(i) X is connected.
(ii) X \ {x0 } is compact.
(a) Prove that either (i) or (ii) is true.
(b) Prove that (i) and (ii) cannot both be true.

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