WWM 2.

1: Graphic Organizer

AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC

MUSIC OF AFRICA

-Music has always a role in the daily lives of Africans. It can be work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication.

-For the African ceremonies, singing, dancing, clapping, and beating of drums have essential roles even in religious
expressions and political events.

TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA

1. Afrobeat Used to describe fusion of western African with black American music.
2. Apala (Akpala) Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style.
3. Axe It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of Marcha and Reggae.
Other forms -Jit (Zimba bwe) -Juju (Nigeria) - Marabi (South Africa)
-Jive (South Africa) -Kwassa kwassa (Zimbabwe)

VOCAL FORMS AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF AFRICA

1. Maracatu Combining the strong rhythm of African percussion instruments with Portuguese
melodies.
2. Blues Musical form of the late 19th century located in the so-called deep south of the United
States. Feelings of misfortune, lost love, frustration, or loneliness.
3. Soul It was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. originated in the U.S and
combined elements of African American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.
4. Spiritual Normally associated with a deeply religious person. Known as Negro Spiritual.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

1. IDIOPHONE An instrument of which vibrates to produce a sound when struck, shaken, or scraped,
such as a bell, gong, or rattle.

Ex. RATTLES - These are vessels made of seashells, tin basketry, animal hoofs, horn,
wood, metal, cocoons, palm kernels or tortoise shells.
2. MEMBRANOPHONE Any of a class of musical instruments (such as a drum or kazoo) whose sound is
generated by striking, rubbing, or singing into a stretched membrane.

Ex. BODY PERCUSSION - aside from using their voices, since many of them are very
good in singing, they also clap their hands, slap their thighs pound their upper arms or
chest, or shuffle and stomp their feet.

TALKING DRUM - It is used to send messages to announce births, deaths, marriages,

3. LAMELLOPHONE A lamellophone is a member of the family of musical instruments that makes its sound
by a thin vibrating plate called a lamella or “tongue”, which is fixed at one end and has
the other end free.

EX. MBIRA- (Thumb piano or finger xylophone) it is composed of a wooden board with
attached metal tines.
4. CHORDOPHONE A stringed instrument.

EX. MUSICAL BOW - It is the ancestor of all string instruments. It is the oldest and one of
the widely used string instruments of Africa
5. AEROPHONE A wind instrument.
EX. PANPIPES– it consists of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row.
MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

-The Latin America music is the product of three major influences of indigenous Spanish, Portuguese and Africa.

-It pertains to Latin Music because of the impact on the countries colonized by Spain and Portugal.

LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC

1. Reggae Jamaican musical style that was influenced by the island traditional mento music
2. Salsa Dance music from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. Composed of various genre like
chachacha and mambo.
3. Samba Brazilian musical genre and style. Its roots can be traced to Africa via the west African
slave trade and African religious tradition.

VOCAL AND DANCE FORM OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

1. Tango Tango, meaning African dance or from the Spanish word Taner meaning to “play” an
instrument.
2. Chacha A ballroom dance originated in Cuba.
3. Rumba Popular recreational dance of afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple meter
pattern and tresillo.
Other forms Cumbia – (Panama & Colombia)
Bossa nova – Cuba
Foxtrot - USA

MUSIC INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA

TLAPITZALLI - The ancient civilization of Aztec and maya people used various instruments for religious function and
usually performed by professionals.

OTHER TOPICS

JAZZ MUSIC

a. RAG TIME - A popular American music style mainly for piano. Scott Joplin is
known as the king of ragtime.
b. BIG BAND - Refers to a large ensemble originated in the United States in the
mid-1920s.
c. JAZZ ROCK - It is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz
elements into rock music.
d. BEBOP – modern jazz emerged during World War II

POPULAR MUSIC

Popular music literally means “music of the populace” Developed in the 20th century. op music is generally
comprised of entertainment of large number of audiences, whether on radio or in live performance.

1. FOLK MUSIC It pertains to melodies and songs of the common people handed down one generation
to the next.
2. COUNTRY & Combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern United States.
WESTERN MUSIC Known as Hillbilly music” and “Country music”
3. BALLADS Expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically with love.
4. ROCK AND ROLL it was greatly popular song from united states during the late 1940’s to the 1960’s.
5. HIPHOP AND RAP This musical style is a highly rhythmic type of music that usually includes rap (rhythmic
chanted words)
6. ALTERNATIVE An underground music and independent form of music the arose in the 1980’s.
MUSIC