Designation: C509 – 06 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket and Sealing
Material1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-
1.1 This specification applies to those elastomeric cellular tomeric Gaskets and Sealing Materials
materials of a firm grade that are manufactured in preformed C1166 Test Method for Flame Propagation of Dense and
shapes for use as gaskets and for use as sealing materials, in the Cellular Elastomeric Gaskets and Accessories
form of compression seals or gaskets, or both, for glazing other D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
building joint applications. D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
plastic Elastomers—Tension
NOTE 1—For softer cellular elastomeric materials used in secondary D746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics
sealing applications, refer to Specification D1056.
and Elastomers by Impact
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1.2 Test Method C1166, as referenced in this specification, D865 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heating in
should be used to measure and describe the properties of Air (Test Tube Enclosure)
materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and D925 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Staining of Sur-
flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be faces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion)
used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Sponge or Expanded Rubber
However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking
risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors in an Ozone Controlled Environment
which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
particular end use. 3. Terminology
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the 3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C717 for the follow-
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This ing terms used in this specification: cellular material, elasto-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, meric, gasket glazing, seal, and sealing material.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health 4. Materials and Manufacture
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- 4.1 Elastomeric cellular materials furnished to this specifi-
tions prior to use. cation shall be manufactured from natural rubber, synthetic
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not rubber, rubber-like materials, or mixtures of these, with added
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga- compounding ingredients of such nature and quality that, with
nizations. proper curing, the finished product will comply with this
specification.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 The cured compounds shall be suitable for use where
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 resistance to sunlight, weathering, oxidation, and permanent
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants deformation under load are of prime importance.
4.3 The manufacturing process shall be such to ensure a
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on homogeneous cellular material free of defects that may affect
Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.73 serviceability.
on Compression Seal and Lock Strip Gaskets.
4.4 Although under this specification the manufacturer is
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C509 – 06. DOI: permitted to choose constituent materials, there is no implica-
10.1520/C0509-06R11. tion that the several compounds are equivalent in all physical
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or properties. Any special characteristics other than those required
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
by this specification, which may be needed for specific
the ASTM website.
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applications, shall be specified by the purchaser, since such TABLE 2 Standards for Cross-Sectional Tolerance
characteristics may influence the choice of base materials and NOTE 1—Dimensional tolerances for outside diameters, inside diam-
other ingredients. eters, wall thickness, width, height, and general cross-sectional dimen-
sions of extrusions
5. Physical Properties Rubber Manufacturers AssociationA
5.1 The material shall conform to the requirements pre- RMA Class 1 RMA Class 1
scribed in Table 1. Drawing Designation BEC 1 Drawing Designation BEC 1
6. Dimensional Tolerances Dimensions (in inches) Dimensions (in Millimeters)
Above Up To Above Up To
6.1 Permissible variation in cross-sectional dimensions shall 0 0.25 60.016 0 6.4 60.4
be as specified in Table 2 unless otherwise agreed upon 0.25 0.50 0.025 6.4 12.7 0.63
between the purchaser and the supplier. 0.50 1.00 0.050 12.7 25.4 1.25
1.00 1.60 0.080 25.4 40.6 2.0
1.60 & over multiply by 0.060 40.6 & over multiply by 0.06
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance A
Adapted from Rubber Manufacturers Association Handbook, Table 36, Fifth
7.1 The elastomeric cellular materials shall be manufactured Ed., 1992
and processed in a careful and workmanlike manner in
accordance with the best commercial practices.
7.2 The surfaces of the finished material shall be reasonably 9.2 This specification has two classifications as related to
smooth and free of excessive talc or bloom. ozone resistance. These are Type I and Type II, with the latter
7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be black. having the greater resistance to ozone. The type should be
When colored material is desired, it is recommended that other specified when making reference to this specification but in the
tests, agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, be event that the type is not specified, Type II shall apply.
conducted to ensure color stability. NOTE 2—Type II is included in this specification for use where greater
ozone resistance is required.
8. Number of Tests and Retests
8.1 Any material that fails in one or more of the test 10. Sampling
requirements may be retested by making two additional tests 10.1 When possible, the completed manufactured product
for the requirements in which failure occurs. Failure in one of a suitable section thereof shall be used for the tests specified.
such retest shall be cause for final rejection. Representative samples of the lot being examined shall be
8.2 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by the selected at random as required.
supplier. 10.2 When the finished product does not lend itself to
testing or to the taking of test specimens because of compli-
9. Significance and Use cated shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, or other reasons,
9.1 Flame Propagation: standard test strips shall be prepared. The standard extruded
9.1.1 This specification has two options: specimens for testing, except where a specific specimen size is
9.1.1.1 Option I—Flame propagation test is required. defined by a particular test method, shall be 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in.)
9.1.1.2 Option II—Flame propagation test is not required. thick by 31.8 mm (11⁄4 in.) wide in rectangular cross section.
9.1.2 In case no option is specified, Option I will apply. The test pieces for flame propagation tests shall be as specified
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Cellular Elastomeric Materials
Property Limit ASTM Test MethodA
Compression-deflection, 25 % deflection limits:
kPa (psi) 91 to 168 (13 to 24) D1056
Compression set, 22 h @ 70°C (158°F) max, % 30 D395, Method B
Heat agingB, 70 h @ 100°C (212°F), change in compression-deflection values:
kPa (psi) 0 to + 70 (0 to + 10) D865 and D1056
Dimensional stability, change, max %, after heat aging, 70 h @ 100°C (212°F) 4 11.4
Ozone resistanceC at 40 % elongation, 100 h @ 40°C (104°F):
Type I 100 mPa ozone no cracks @ 73 D1149
magnification
Type II 300 mPa ozone no cracks @ 73 D1149
magnification
Low-temperature brittleness @ − 40°C (−40°F) pass see Appendix X1
Water absorption, max, % weight 5.0 C1083
Flame propagation:
Option I 101.6 mm (4 in.) max C1166
Option II no limit
NonstainingD no migratory stain D925
A
See Section 11.
B
After heat aging, surfaces of the specimen shall be neither hard nor brittle. A152.4-mm (6-in.) length of the finished extrusion shall exhibit no surface cracks when bent
on itself 180°.
C
The specimen shall exhibit no surface cracks when in the extended condition.
D
This requirement may be waived, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
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in 11.8. All test pieces shall be made from the same compound 11.5 Ozone Resistance—Test Method D1149. The concen-
and shall have the same apparent density and state of cure as tration of ozone shall be 100 mPa for Type I and 300 mPa for
the product they represent. Type II. The time of test shall be 100 h at 40 6 2°C (104 6
10.3 The tests for dimensional stability, ozone resistance, 3.6°F) with a specimen as defined by 10.2 with a length of
water absorption, and nonstaining may be made on samples 152.4 mm (6 in.) and with a specimen elongation of 40 %.
from the material to be shipped or on samples representative of 11.6 Low - Temperature Brittleness—See Appendix X1.
it. Tests for compression deflection, compression set, heat 11.7 Water Absorption—Use Test Method C1083.
aging, flame propagation, and low-temperature brittleness may 11.8 Flame Propagation—Test Method C1166 determines
be made on standard samples previously prepared in accor- whether or not the gasket will propagate flame, with no
dance with 10.2. significance being attached to such matters as fuel contribution,
rate of flame spread, smoke generation, or nature and tempera-
11. Test Methods ture of products of combustion.
11.1 Compression-Deflection— Specification D1056. Base 11.9 Nonstaining—Test Methods D925, Method B. The
calculations of compression-deflection on the original thick- surface against which stain is to be tested and the acceptable
ness of the specimens. degree of staining shall be specified by the purchaser.
11.2 Compression Set—Test Methods D395, Method B.
12. Inspection
11.3 Compression Deflection After Heat Aging:
11.3.1 A 152.4-mm (6-in.) length of the finished extrusion 12.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of
shall be heat aged along with the specimen for Specification manufacture prior to shipment unless otherwise specified. The
D1056 and shall pass the requirements of Table 1, Footnote B. supplier shall provide the purchaser, without charge, all rea-
11.3.2 Test for compression-deflection by first aging the sonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being
specimen (a piece of appropriate size for the compression- furnished in accordance with this specification.
deflection test, instead of the dumbbell-shaped tension speci- 13. Certification
men) in accordance with Test Method D865, then measuring
13.1 When required, the supplier shall furnish the purchaser
the compression-deflection value in accordance with Specifi-
with a certified test report giving the results of the tests
cation D1056.
required to determine conformance with all requirements
11.3.3 The specimen for heat aging shall be large enough to
specified herein.
allow the taking of the appropriate number and size of
specimens as defined by Specification D1056. The cutting of 14. Packaging and Package Marking
specimens for Specification D1056 shall be done after the heat 14.1 All material shall be properly separated according to
aging has been performed. compound, size, etc., and shall be packaged and labeled in
11.4 Dimensional Stability After Heat Aging—Determine accordance with the best commercial practice with ample
the dimensional stability by subjecting a 152.4-mm (6-in.) protection against damage in shipment.
length of the extruded shape to heat aging for 70 h at 100°C
(212°F) in accordance with Test Method D865. After aging, the 15. Keywords
changes in length and breadth dimensions of the specimen shall 15.1 cellular; compression; elastomer; elastomeric; gasket;
not exceed 4 %. glazing; preformed; seal; sealing
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. TEST METHOD FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE BRITTLENESS OF RUBBER AND RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS3
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X1.1 Scope NOTE X1.1—Results obtained by this test method are influenced by the
rate of flexing of the cooled specimens which can not be closely controlled
X1.1.1 This test method is intended to determine the ability in the prescribed apparatus. They are therefore of a qualitative nature and
of compounds made from rubber or rubber-like materials to may not be closely reproducible over a range of several degrees of
resist the effect of low temperatures that may cause them to temperature depending on the speed of flexure. For more accurate
become brittle and fracture or crack when bent. Standard determination of brittle temperature, and particularly in new specifica-
specimens are exposed to specified low temperatures for tions, Test Method D746 is recommended.
definite periods after which the specimens are bent in a
prescribed manner and any fracture or cracking noted. The X1.2 Apparatus
procedure is commonly called the “Thiokol” method. X1.2.1 Cold Chamber, of sufficient size to contain the
flexing fixture when loaded with specimens, and so arranged as
to permit the operation of the fixture to bend to specimens
3
This test method was originally issued in 1943 under the designation D736 without removal from the chamber. It shall be capable of
which was discontinued in April 1967. maintaining within it a uniform atmosphere of cold, dry air or
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FIG. X1.1 Flexing Fixture for Low-Temperature Brittleness Test
a mixture of air and carbon dioxide at specified temperatures and while still in the cold chamber, move the plates of the
within a tolerance of 61°C (2°F). flexing fixture as rapidly as possible from the 63.5-mm
(21⁄2-in.) distance of separation to a position where they are
NOTE X1.2—Temperatures of −40°C (−40°F) and −55°C (−67°F) are
commonly used. 25.4 mm (1 in.) apart. Then examine the specimens for fracture
or visible cracks.
X1.2.2 Flexing Fixture, consisting of two parallel plates
each having a width of at least 50.8 mm (2 in.) so supported in NOTE X1.3—Previously two periods were specified, 96 h for natural-
guides that they may be rapidly moved from a position 63.5 rubber compounds and 5 h for synthetic-rubber compounds. It was found
that 5 h is adequate for either class of compounds within the intent of this
mm (21⁄2 in.) apart until they are separated by a distance of 25.4
test method.
mm (1 in.). Suitable clamping bars or devices shall be provided
for holding the ends of the specimens for a distance of 6.4 mm X1.5 Results
(1⁄4 in.) at the corresponding edge of each plate so that when
X1.5.1 When two specimens are tested and neither one
mounted, the specimens form similar bent loops between the
fractures nor shows cracks after being tested, the compound
plates. A satisfactory flexing fixture is shown in Fig. X1.1.
shall be considered as having passed the brittleness test. If both
X1.3 Test Specimens specimens crack, the compound shall be considered to have
X1.3.1 The test specimens shall conform in shape to Die C failed.
as specified in Test Methods D412 and shall have a thickness X1.5.2 If only one specimen fractures or cracks, the result is
of 2.032 6 0.254 mm (0.080 6 0.010 in.). inconclusive and two additional specimens shall be tested. If
X1.3.2 At least two specimens from each compound shall either one of these cracks, the compound shall then be
be tested. considered to have failed.
X1.4 Procedure X1.6 Report
X1.4.1 Mount the test specimens in loop position between X1.6.1 Report the following:
the plates of the flexing fixture with the enlarged ends spaced X1.6.1.1 The results of the test expressed as “passed” or
at least 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.) apart and held in the clamps for a “failed,”
distance of 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in.). With the plates in the open position X1.6.1.2 The temperature of the cold chamber,
separated 63.5 mm (21⁄2 in.), place the fixture containing the X1.6.1.3 The duration of the exposure period,
specimens in the cold chamber and expose it for the specified X1.6.1.4 Identification of the material tested including de-
period to cold, dry air or a mixture of air and carbon dioxide at scription of any special treatment prior to test, and
the specified temperature. The standard exposure period shall X1.6.1.5 Data of manufacture of the material, if known, and
be 5 h (Note X1.3). At the termination of the exposure period date of test.
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