Computer

Software
Members:
Genandoy Gison
Graza Estrella
Flandez Dy
Florendo Insigne
01 Introduction
What is Software?
Software is a collection of instructions, data, or
computer programs that are used to run machines
and carry out particular activities. It is the antithesis
of hardware, which refers to a computer’s external
components. A device’s running programs, scripts,
and applications are collectively referred to as
“software” in this context.
02 Types of Software

1. System Software
2. Application Software
 Types of Software

System Software Application Software

Manages hardware and
provides a platform for running Designed for specific user
applications tasks such as word processing,
Examples: Operating systems browsing, or gaming.
(Windows, macOS, Linux), Examples: Microsoft Word,
utility programs, device drivers. Google Chrome, Photoshop.
Works in the background to Directly interacts with users
ensure the system functions to perform specific functions.
properly.
 Types of Software

System Software Application Software

Low-level software, High-level software,
closer to the dependent on system
hardware. software.
Runs continuously Runs only when needed
after the system is and can be
powered on. installed/uninstalled.
 m b e r
P oints to r e m e

Purpose: System software manages hardware; application

software performs tasks.
Dependency: Application software relies on system software,
but system software operates independently.
User Interaction: Users interact directly with application
software, while system software runs in the background.
Functionality: System software is essential for device
operation; application software is optional and user-specific.
Open Source vs
Proprietary
Software
 Open Source
Software
Open-source software, commonly
referred to as OSS, is a class of
software that adheres to four main
principles outlined by the,
 Free Software
Foundation:
you can use it for personal or
commercial use
you have access to the source code and
can change it
you can redistribute original copies
you can redistribute modified copies
 Features of Open
Source Software
Software with source code that anyone can inspect,
modify, and enhance.
Often free, though some open-source options have
paid versions.
Open to the public; users can view and modify the
code.
Highly customizable due to open access to the code.
Seen as more secure due to public scrutiny of the
code.
 Examples of Open Source
Software

Mozilla Linux VLC Media Player

Firefox
 Advantages
Cost-Effective: Open-source software is typically free to use, aligning
with the core principles of the free software movement, and thus, can
significantly reduce costs.
Flexibility and Customization: You can modify the source code to fit
specific needs, offering enhanced customization.
Community Support: A large community of developers and users often
provides extensive support, documentation, and troubleshooting.
Transparency: With access to the source code, you can identify and fix
vulnerabilities or issues, ensuring more secure software.
No Vendor Lock-In: You are not tied to a particular vendor, giving you
more freedom to switch providers or modify the software as needed.
Innovation: Open-source projects often evolve rapidly due to
contributions from a diverse group of developers.
 Disadvantages
Limited Official Support: While open source community support is
strong, official and guaranteed technical support may be limited
compared to proprietary software.
Complexity: Customizing and maintaining open-source software can
be complex and require specialized skills.
Compatibility Issues: Open-source solutions may not always
integrate seamlessly with other proprietary systems or computer
software.
Less User-Friendly: Some open-source software can be less intuitive
and harder to use than proprietary counterparts.
Variable Quality: The quality of open-source software can vary
widely, sometimes lacking polish or features found in proprietary
software.
 Proprietary
Software
Proprietary software is software protected by
legal measures, such as patent or copyright
law, that restrict its use, distribution, and
modification. Proprietary software
development is typically carried out by a
dedicated team of developers within a
company or organization, with a focus on
meeting specific business needs.
 FEATURES OF PROPRIETARY
SOFTWARE
It requires purchase
Possesses a license that belongs to a developer, company, or
owner.
Copying or distributing the file is illegal without access to the
source code. It is illegal.
The end-users consent is required for its use.
You can be taken to jail if you breach any regulation or
agreement that you previously accepted.
 Examples of Proprietary
Software

Zoom Adobe Netflix

Photoshop
 Advantages
Reliability: Being created by professional developers, proprietary
software is often more reliable and well-tested.
Support: Proprietary products often come with a high level of
support, which means you can rely on the vendor for help when
needed.
Security: Proprietary software is often more secure than open
source as the source code is not available for hackers to view.
Ease of use: In most cases, proprietary systems are designed to be
easy to use. This means you don’t need any technical expertise.
 Disadvantages
Cost: Including licensing fees and other costs, proprietary software
can be expensive. You may face large costs, particularly if you need
multiple licenses.
Limited customization: Proprietary software is mostly designed with
a specific set of features and functions, which can be a disadvantage
if you require a specialized solution.
Lock-in: It often includes long-term contracts or license agreements.
This requires users to be locked into using it, even if they find a
better alternative.
Limited innovation: Proprietary tools are often developed by a single
company, which means that innovation and development may be
limited.
 System
Software
What is System
Software?
It is a program designed to run a computer's
hardware and applications and manage its
resources, such as its memory, processors, and
devices. It also provides a platform for running
application software, and system software is
typically bundled with a computer's operating
system.
Important Feature of
a System Software
1. High Speed
2. Hard to Manipulate
3.Written in Low Level
4. Close to the System
5. Versatile
 Operating System
(OS)
An operating system (OS) is a program that acts as an
interface between the system hardware and the user.
Moreover, it handles all the interactions between the
software and the hardware. An operating system is the
most important software that runs on a computer.
Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface,
or GUI (pronounced gooey).
Microsoft MacOS
Microsoft vs MacOS
Availability Security
Customization Expensive
Software Comparability
Gaming
User Experience
Affordable
Hardware Upgrade
Firmware
What is Firmware?
Firmware is a type of software embedded into hardware
devices.

It provides low-level control for a device’s specific hardware.

Unlike traditional software, firmware is stored in non-

volatile memory (e.g., ROM, EEPROM, or flash memory).
How Does Firmware Work?
Firmware acts as a bridge between hardware and higher-level software.

It contains instructions that allow hardware components to operate

correctly.

It is pre-installed by manufacturers and can be updated for performance

improvements or security fixes.
Controls basic hardware functions (e.g.,
BIOS in computers, bootloader in What Does
smartphones). Firmware
Manages device behavior and Do?
interaction with software.

Enables hardware compatibility with

different software applications.
Types of Firmware
Low-Level Firmware High-Level Firmware Subsystem Firmware

Stored in non- More complex, can be Manages specific

rewritable memory updated (e.g., BIOS, hardware parts (e.g.,
(e.g., ROM). UEFI). printer firmware).
 Examples of Firmware
BIOS/UEFI in computers

Router firmware for network management

Smart TV firmware for display and system operations

Embedded firmware in washing machines, cameras, and IoT devices

Device Driver
 What is Device Driver?
it is a unique type of computer software
developed to allow interaction between the
operating system and hardware devices.
Think of it as a translator communication between your
operating system and the hardware components of your
computer.
 Purpose of a device driver
The primary purpose of a device driver is to
control or drive a device that is attached to your
computer. It provides a software interface to the
hardware, enabling operating system and other
computer programs to access hardware functions
without needing to know precise details about the
hardware being used.
 How Does Device Driver Work?
When a command is executed for a specific operation, the
operating system sends the instruction to the device driver.

The device driver, in turn, communicates with the specific

hardware device, relaying the instructions.

Once the hardware device completes the operation, it send

the results to the device driver, which interprets and
delivers it to the operating system.
How Does Device Driver Work?
Types of Device Driver
MOTHERBOARD VIRTUAL DRIVER
BIOS DRIVER
DRIVER
are different than most drivers.
by definition, the most basic are small programs that are read Unlike the majority of drivers,
computer driverin existence by either Windows or Linux and which allow pieces of hardware to
and is designed to be the first allow for basic computer work with a particular operating
program that boots when a PC functions while inside the system, virtual device drivers
turns on. operating system. emulate a piece of hardware and
-The BIOS is stored on essentially trick the computer into
memory built into the These drivers normally include thinking that it is reading from a
motherboard and is designed to programs that allow broadband piece of actual hardware.
boot the hardware connected ports, USB ports and I/O ports
to the PC, including the hard for the mouse and keyboard. A particularly popular use for
drives, video display output Depending on the make of the virtual device drivers is with
(whether it be video card or motherboard, the drivers may also reading .iso files without having an
on-board), keyboard and have basic drivers for video and actual disc, using one of these
mouse. audio support. BIOS are not the drivers to emulate a CD or DVD
same as motherboard drivers. drive.
 Application of Firmware
Used in consumer electronics (smartphones, smartwatches, TVs).
Essential for industrial automation (machine control, robotics).
Plays a role in cybersecurity (firmware-based security measures).
Updates enhance performance and security of hardware systems.
Application
Software
what is Application
Software?
Application software is a type of computer program
that performs a specific personal, educational, and
business function. Each application is designed to
assist end-users in accomplishing a variety of tasks,
which may be related to productivity, creativity, or
communication.
why is Application
Software important?
It allows users to be more productive and efficient.
Whether you're an individual managing your daily
tasks or a business streamlining operations, the
right application software can save time, reduce
errors, and improve overall effectiveness.
Task Automation: It automates repetitive tasks,
freeing up time for more critical activities.
Enhanced Collaboration: Many applications
support collaboration, allowing multiple users to
work together seamlessly, even from different
locations.
Data Management: Application software helps in
organizing, analyzing, and visualizing data, leading
to better decision-making.
Customization: You can tailor many applications
to fit specific needs, whether it's a personal task
manager or a complex business tool.
 types of
Application
Software
 PRODUCTIVITY
SOFTWARE
Productivity software includes tools
designed to help you create documents,
manage data, and communicate more
effectively. These applications are the
backbone of everyday work tasks.
 microsoft 365
• Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Outlook.
Microsoft 365 is most staple in
workplaces.

google workspace
• Offers cloud-based tools like Docs,
Sheets, Slides, and Gmail, which are
perfect for collaboration and remote
work.
WEB BROWSERS

Web browsers are your gateway

to the internet, allowing you to
access websites, run web
applications, and more.
google chrome
Known for its speed and simplicity.

mozilla firefox
Offers enhanced privacy features.

apple safari
Optimized for Apple devices
microsoft edge
Integrated with Windows for
seamless use.
COMMUNICATION
TOOLS
These tools facilitate
communication, whether through
messaging, video conferencing, or
collaboration platforms.
slack
Ideal for team communication and
project collaboration.

microsoft teams
Integrated with Office 365,
perfect for workplace
communication.

zoom
Popular for video conferencing.

skype
A long-standing tool for video calls
and messaging.
MEDIA PLAYERS
AND EDITORS
media software that allows you
to create and consume content,
whether that's music, videos, or
photos.
 spotify & apple
music
For streaming and managing music.

adobe photoshop
The gold standard for photo editing

final cut pro

Professional-grade video editing
software.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE
These tools help teams plan,
track, and manage projects from
start to finish.
tr

trello
A visual tool for organizing tasks.

asana
Great for tracking progress on team
projects.

monday.com
A versatile tool for managing
everything from small tasks to large
projects.
 www.reallygreatsite.com

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