 Alessandro Volta (electric battery, 1800)

 Joseph-Marie Jacquard (loom, 1801)

 John Stevens (screw-driven steamboat, 1802)
 Richard Trevithick (steam railway locomotive, 1803)
 William Congreve (military rocket, 1805)
 Robert Fulton (commercial steamboat, 1807)
 Sequoyah (Cherokee writing system, 1809–21)
 Humphrey Davy (miner’s safety lamp, 1815)
 Marc Isambard Brunel (tunneling shield, 1818)
 Seth Boyden (patent leather, 1818; process to make iron ore flexible, 1826)
 René Laënnec (stethoscope, 1819)
 Thomas L. Jennings (dry cleaning, 1821)
 Louis Braille (Braille writing system for the blind, 1824)
 George Stephenson (railroad locomotive, 1825)
 Joseph-Nicéphore Niépce (method to produce photographs, 1826–27)
 Charles Wheatstone (concertina, 1829; electric needle telegraph, 1837)
 Thaddeus Fairbanks (platform scale, 1831)
 Cyrus McCormick (mechanical reaper, 1831)
 Jeanne Villepreux-Power (aquarium, 1832)
 Charles Babbage (mechanical computer, about 1835)
 Samuel Colt (revolver, 1835)
 John Ericsson (screw propeller, 1836; armored turret warship, 1862)
 Isambard Kingdom Brunel (transatlantic steamer, 1837)
 Samuel F.B. Morse (electric telegraph, 1837; Morse code, 1838)
 John Deere (all-steel one-piece plow, 1838)
 Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (first practical process of photography, 1839)
 Charles Goodyear (vulcanized rubber, 1839)
 Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (zinc-carbon battery, 1841; filter pump, 1868)
 James Nasmyth (steam hammer, 1842)
 Antoine-Joseph Sax (saxophone, 1842)
 Norbert Rillieux (improved sugar-refining system, 1843)
 Elias Howe (sewing machine, 1845)
 William Kelly (steel-making process, about 1850)
 Elisha Graves Otis (safety elevator, 1852)
 Henry Bessemer (steelmaking process, 1856)
 Lyman Reed Blake (sewing machine for shoemaking, 1858)
 Ellen Louise Curtis Demorest (mass-produced paper pattern for clothing,
1860)
 Joseph Swan (early lightbulb, 1860; dry photographic plate, 1871)
 William Siemens (open-hearth furnace, 1861)
 Richard Jordan Gatling (Gatling machine gun, 1862)
 Louis Pasteur (pasteurization, 1863)
 Linus Yale (pin tumbler lock, 1863)
 George M. Pullman (Pullman railroad sleeping car, 1865)
 Alfred Nobel (dynamite, 1867)
 Margaret Knight (machine to produce square-bottomed paper bags, 1868)
 Christopher Latham Sholes (typewriter, 1868)
 George Westinghouse (air brake for trains, 1869)
 William de Wiveleslie Abney (chemical agents used in photography, 1870s–
1880s)
 Elijah McCoy (lubrication device for railroad cars, 1872)
 Alexander Graham Bell (telephone, 1876)
 Thomas Edison (phonograph, 1877; electric lightbulb, about 1879)
 Samuel P. Langley (instrument for measuring heat from Sun, 1878; early
aircraft, 1896)
 Granville Woods (electrical systems for railways, 1880s–90s)
 Nikola Tesla (alternating-current electric motor, 1880–88; Tesla coil, 1891)
 Lewis Latimer (carbon-filament lightbulb, 1881)
 Jan Ernst Matzeliger (shoe-lasting machine, 1883)
 Karl Benz (automobile with an internal-combustion engine, 1885)
 Charles Martin Hall (electrolytic process of producing aluminum, 1886)
 Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult (electrolytic process of producing aluminum,
1886)
 Ottmar Mergenthaler (linotype machine, 1886)
 Emil Berliner (phonograph record disc, 1887)
 John Boyd Dunlop (pneumatic, or air-filled, rubber tire, 1887)
 George Eastman (Kodak camera, 1888)
 Stephen Moulton Babcock (test to analyze milk, 1890)
 Herman Hollerith (tabulating machine, a precursor of electronic computer,
about 1890)
 James Naismith (basketball, 1891)
 Rudolf Diesel (diesel engine, 1892)
 Guglielmo Marconi (wireless telegraph, 1896)
 George Washington Carver (products from peanuts, sweet potatoes, and
soybeans, 1890s–1940s)

 Paul Ehrlich (treatment of disease by chemical compounds, including

an anti-syphilis drug, early 1900s)
 Willis Haviland Carrier (air conditioning, 1902)
 Valdemar Poulsen (device for generating continuous radio waves, 1903)
 Wilbur and Orville Wright (airplane, 1903)
 John Ambrose Fleming (vacuum diode, 1904)
 Madam C.J. Walker (hair straightener, 1905)
 Lee De Forest (Audion tube for radio, 1907)
 Leo Hendrik Baekeland (Bakelite plastic, about 1909)
 David Unaipon (sheep-shearing device, about 1909)
 Elmer Ambrose Sperry (gyroscopic compass, 1911)
 Charles Kettering (electric starter for automobiles, 1912)
 Henry Ford (automobile assembly line, 1913–14)
 Garrett Morgan (forerunner of gas mask, 1914; T-shaped traffic signal, 1923)
 William D. Coolidge (X-ray tube, 1916)
 Alexander de Seversky (aeronautical instruments and aircraft, 1920s and
’30s)
 Frederick Grant Banting (insulin therapy for diabetics, 1923)
 Charles H. Best (insulin therapy for diabetics, 1923)
 J.J.R. MacLeod (insulin therapy for diabetics, 1923)
 John Logie Baird (electromechanical television, 1924)
 Clarence Birdseye (rapid freezing of food, about 1924)
 Robert Goddard (liquid-fueled rocket engine, 1926)
 Philo Farnsworth (all-electronic television, 1927)
 Alexander Fleming (penicillin, 1928)
 Vladimir Zworykin (electronic television system, 1923–31)
 Charles Richard Drew (methods for preserving blood for transfusion, 1930s–
40)
 Otis Barton (bathysphere, 1930)
 Charles William Beebe (bathysphere, 1930)
 Edwin H. Armstrong (frequency modulation [FM] of radio waves, 1933)
 Laurens Hammond (Hammond organ, 1934)
 Ernest Orlando Lawrence (cyclotron particle accelerator, 1934)
 Robert Watson-Watt (radar early warning, 1935)
 Ernst Boris Chain (isolation of penicillin, late 1930s)
 Howard Walter Florey (isolation of penicillin, late 1930s)
 Frank Whittle (jet engine, 1937)
 Chester F. Carlson (xerography, 1938)
 Frits Zernike (phase-contrast microscope, 1938)
 Paul Hermann Müller (the insecticide DDT, 1939)
 Igor Sikorsky (helicopter, 1939)
 Frederick Jones (refrigeration system for trucks, 1940)
 Mária Telkes (solar distiller to make seawater drinkable, early 1940s; solar-
powered home heating system, 1948)
 Les Paul (electric guitar, 1941; eight-track tape recorder, about 1947)
 Enrico Fermi (nuclear reactor, 1942)
 Hedy Lamarr (radio communications device, 1942)
 J. Robert Oppenheimer and other scientists of the Manhattan Project (atomic
bomb, 1942–45)
 Jacques Cousteau (Aqua-Lung scuba equipment, 1943)
 Howard Aiken (Harvard Mark I computer, 1944)
 John W. Mauchly (ENIAC computer, 1946)
 John Bardeen (transistor, 1947)
 Walter H. Brattain (transistor, 1947)
 William Shockley (transistor, 1947)
 Edwin Land (instant photography, 1947)
 R. Buckminster Fuller (geodesic dome, about 1947)
 Willard Frank Libby (carbon-14 dating, about 1947)
 Leo Fender (electric guitar, 1948)
 An Wang (computer memory core, 1948)
 Grace Hopper (compiler for computer languages, 1951–52)
 Virginia Apgar (method of evaluating health of newborns, 1952)
 Jonas Salk (polio vaccine, 1952–55)
 Charles Hard Townes (maser, 1953)
 Jack Kilby (integrated circuit, 1959)
 Robert Noyce (integrated circuit, 1959)
 Ruth Benerito (wrinkle-free cotton, late 1950s–1960s)
 Otis Boykin (improved electrical resistors, 1959–1960s)
 Theodore Maiman (laser, 1960)
 Jacques Piccard (undersea vessels, early 1960s)
 Temple Grandin (stress-relieving devices for autistic humans and for animals,
1960s)
 Seymour Cray (supercomputer, 1964)
 Michael DeBakey (coronary artery bypass surgery, 1964)