WIRELESS SCROLLING LED DISPLAY CONTROL

USING BLUETOOTH HC-05

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
MOHAMMED RIYAZ K
22EER061
MURALI M
22EER066
SIVASUBRAMANIAN P
22EER091
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)
PERUNDURAI ERODE – 638 060
NOVEMBER 2024
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)
PERUNDURAI ERODE – 638 060
NOVEMBER-2024

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled “WIRELESS SCROLLING

DISPLAY USING BLUETOOTH HC-05 ” is the bonafide record of project work done
by MOHAMMED RIYAZK (22EER061) , MURALI M (22EER066) ,
SIVASUBRAMANIAN P (22EER091) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
at Anna University, Chennai during the year 2024-2025.

SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

(Signature with seal)

Date:

Submitted for the end semester viva voce examination held on ________________

EXAMINER I EXAMINER II
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
KOGNU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)

PERUNDURAI ERODE – 638 060

NOVEMBER-2024

DECLARATION

We affirm that the Project Report titled WIRELESS SCROLLING LED

DISPLAY USING BLUETOOTH HC-05 MODULE being submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering is the original
work carried out by us. It has not formed part of any other project report or dissertation on
the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

MOHAMMED RIYAZ K
22EER061

MURALI M
22EER066

SIVASUBRAMANIAN P
22EER091

Date:
I certify that the declaration made by the above candidates is true to the best of my
knowledge.

Date: Name and Signature of the Supervisor with seal

 ABSTRACT

This project explores the development of a wireless scrolling LED display using
the MAX7219 LED driver, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module (HC-05).
The primary goal of the system is to provide a dynamic, real-time message display that can
be controlled remotely via Bluetooth from a smartphone or tablet. The system integrates an
8x8 LED matrix, driven by the MAX7219, to create a visually appealing scrolling text
display that can be updated and customized through a Bluetooth-enabled device.The
MAX7219 is a compact, serially interfaced LED display driver that supports up to 64
individual LEDs arranged in a matrix. By cascading multiple MAX7219 modules, a larger
matrix display can be created to showcase scrolling text or simple graphical content.

This matrix is connected to the Arduino, which acts as the central controller for
managing the display content. The Arduino receives commands from a mobile device
through a Bluetooth module, processes the received data, and sends the appropriate signals
to the MAX7219 to update the display.The Bluetooth communication module HC-05
enables wireless interaction between the display system and the user’s smartphone or tablet.
A mobile application is used to send messages or text to the Arduino over Bluetooth, which
then handles the display scrolling. The Bluetooth module is configured to receive text data
from the mobile app, allowing the user to control the content that appears on the LED
display in real time. The scrolling effect is achieved by continuously shifting the text across
the matrix, with the Arduino controlling the timing and speed of the display.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take extreme delight in expressing our loving gratitude to God, the Almighty,
the Architect of the Universe and our Parents for showering blessings and helping us to
accomplish all our endeavors.

We wish to express our gratitude and thankfulness to our Correspondent

Thiru.A.K.ILANGO, B.Com., M.B.A., LLB., and all the honorable members of Kongu
Vellalar Institute of Technology Trust for providing us with a plethora of facilities to
complete this project successfully.

We wish to express our heartfelt profound gratitude to our beloved Principal,

Dr.V.BALUSAMY, BE (Hons)., MTech., Ph.D., for his unstinted support in enabling us
to pursue this project.

We heartily thank Dr.M.KARTHIK, M.E., Ph.D., Associate Professor and Head

of the Department, Electrical and Electronics Engineering for providing us with all the
necessary facilities to do our project successfully.

We heartily thank the year coordinator Dr.SIVACHITRA, M.E., Ph.D., Associate

Professor, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department for his support in the
successful completion of this project.

We profoundly thank our Project Coordinator, Dr.SURESH, M.E.,Ph.D Assistant

Professor (Senior Grade), Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department for
coordinating our project work with all the necessary facilities to do our project successfully.

We profoundly thank our Project Guide , Dr.S.MAHESWARI , M.E., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor (Senior Grade), Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department for
his able guidance in the successful completion of this project.
 We wish to express our sincere thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff
members of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department and Student Friends for
their help and cooperation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

ABSTRACT 4
1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.2 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW
3 PROPOSED METHOD 11
3.1 OBJECTIVE
3.2 PROJECT OUTLINE
3.3 PROPOSED METHOD
3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED METHOD
3.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 14
4.1 ARDUNIO UNO
4.2 HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE
4.3 LED MATRIX DISPLAY MAX7219
4.4 RESISTOR

5 HARDWARE RESULT 18
6 CONCULSION 20
6.1 CONCLUSION
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE
7 REFERENCE 21
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

With the rapid growth of digital technology, dynamic displays have become an
essential tool for communication, information sharing, and entertainment. From
advertisements in stores to public notifications and event updates, digital displays are now
a key part of modern life. However, traditional display systems can often be expensive,
bulky, and inflexible, limiting their use in various scenarios. In response to these
limitations, this project explores the development of a wireless scrolling LED display that
offers a cost-effective, adaptable, and easy-to-use solution.

The system combines an Arduino microcontroller, an HC-05 Bluetooth module, and

the MAX7219 LED driver to create a customizable display that can show scrolling text and
simple graphics. The Arduino serves as the central controller, managing the communication
between the Bluetooth module and the LED matrix. The HC-05 Bluetooth module allows
users to wirelessly send messages or text from a smartphone or tablet to the display, which
then scrolls across the LED matrix in real time. The MAX7219 chip drives the 8x8 LED
matrix, providing an efficient way to control multiple LEDs with minimal wiring.

This wireless scrolling LED display is both practical and versatile, making it ideal
for applications such as advertising, event notifications, and personalized signage. The
ability to control the display remotely provides users with the flexibility to change content
at any time, offering real-time updates without the need for complex wiring or hardware
modifications.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

There are several research papers have been published focusing on the development
and implementation of LED display systems, particularly in the context of low-cost,
customizable, and wireless solutions for dynamic communication.

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

Dhivya et al., Proposed Wirelessly Controlled LED Fixture with Heat Sink Design
and Implementation, the design and implementation of an innovative LED fixture that
integrates wireless control with an efficient heat dissipation system. The paper discusses
the challenges of designing an LED-based lighting fixture that can be remotely controlled
while ensuring that the heat generated by the LED components is effectively managed, as
overheating can significantly degrade the performance and lifespan of LEDs. As LED
technology continues to advance, controlling the temperature of LED fixtures becomes
increasingly important, especially in high-power applications. Excessive heat can lead to
color shifts, reduced brightness, and shortened lifespan of LEDs. Therefore, integrating a
heat sink into the design is essential to maintain optimal performance. The authors of the
paper propose a novel solution that combines wireless control with an integrated heat sink
to ensure the LED fixture operates efficiently and remains cool during use. The system uses
technologies with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to enable users to control the LED fixture from a
distance, adjusting parameters such as brightness or color based on the specific needs of
the environment.

Huang Wang et al., implement a multivariable control framework the control

strategy considers the interactions between all three color channels. They employ a robust
control technique designed to minimize the effects of system uncertainties and external
disturbances on the output performance. The method they propose incorporates both the
physical characteristics of the LEDs and the practical limitations of the system, providing
a systematic approach to maintaining consistent color mixing and brightness levels over a
range of operational conditions. The authors' approach is significant because it provides a
solution that not only ensures precise control of the RGB lighting system but also
guarantees robustness in the face of uncertainty. Their method could be applied to various
scenarios in which stable and accurate lighting control is essential, such as in architectural
lighting, display technologies, and other applications requiring precise color and intensity
regulation.

Lee et al., offer a robust solution for precise dimming and color control of LED
systems by leveraging color mixing principles in a model-based control framework. Their
work provides significant improvements in color accuracy, dimming smoothness, and
energy efficiency, addressing key challenges in modern LED lighting applications. The
findings in this paper are valuable for industries and research fields high-quality lighting
performance is essential, including in smart lighting systems, theater and stage lighting,
and automated lighting control systems. It propose a control methodology based on color
mixing principles to improve the precision of both color rendering and dimming
performance. Their approach involves creating a model-based control strategy that takes
into account the nonlinear behavior of LEDs and the interdependencies between the three
primary color channels. By using this model, the authors are able to design a system that
adjusts the drive currents of the individual LEDs in such a way that the desired color and
brightness levels are achieved without introducing distortions or color shifts, even at low
dimming levels.
Chiu et al., proposed ,A High-Efficiency Dimmable LED Driver for Low-Power
Lighting Applications," focuses on improving the performance and energy efficiency of
LED drivers, especially for low-power lighting uses home lighting or portable devices. One
of the main challenges with LED systems is that dimming them smoothly while maintaining
energy efficiency can be difficult. Traditional LED drivers often struggle with this,
especially at low light levels, they may become inefficient or cause flickering. The authors
propose a new LED driver design that uses a pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique to
control the brightness. This method adjusts how much power the LED gets by changing the
duration of the power on-off cycles. This approach allows for precise and smooth dimming
without noticeable flicker, making it ideal for applications stable light levels are important,
such as in residential lighting or task lighting.
Ng et al., propose a color control system designed to compensate for aging effects
in RGB LEDs. The proposed system uses real-time feedback to monitor the color output of
the LEDs and adjust the drive currents of the individual red, green, and blue LEDs
accordingly. This adaptive control mechanism helps ensure that the desired color output is
maintained over time, even as the LEDs age and their characteristics change. The authors
also emphasize the importance of maintaining uniform color performance across the LED
array, particularly in applications color precision is critical. Over time, LEDs can suffer
from aging effects, leading to shifts in their color output, which can be problematic in
applications color consistency and color quality are critical, such as in display screens,
architectural lighting, and theater lighting. This makes the solution not only technically
feasible but also easy to adopt in various industries that rely on consistent LED lighting
performance over long periods, such as advertising displays, smart lighting systems, and
automated lighting control systems.
 Li et al., also highlight the scalability of their automated system. The system is
designed to be flexible and scalable, which means it can be adapted to different types of
high-power LED setups, whether for individual devices or large arrays of LEDs. This
makes it a promising solution for both small-scale applications and large-scale installations
The paper presents a valuable contribution to the control and optimization of high-power
LED systems. By integrating automation into the management of high-power LEDs,
provide a solution that improves efficiency, performance, and reliability. Their work is
particularly relevant to industries energy efficiency, precise control, and long-term stability
of LED systems are crucial. This automated system paves the way for future advancements
in LED applications, ensuring that high-power LEDs can be deployed more effectively
across a wide range of industrial and commercial fields.

2.2 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature reviewed highlights significant advancements in LED technology,
particularly in color control, dimming precision, efficiency, and thermal management.
Wang et al. proposed a robust multivariable control strategy for RGB LED systems to
address challenges nonlinear behavior and parameter uncertainties. This approach helps
maintain consistent color mixing and brightness even in the face of disturbances, making it
well-suited for applications requiring high precision in lighting control. Similarly, focused
on precise dimming and color control, introducing a model-based control system that
ensures smooth dimming and accurate color reproduction, even at low light levels. Their
work emphasized the importance of achieving both energy efficiency and stable
performance in LED systems, particularly in environments that demand consistent color
and brightness, such as theater lighting and smart lighting. In the same vein, Chiu et al.
addressed the need for efficient dimmable LED drivers in low-power lighting applications.
They developed a PWM-based dimming control technique that not only ensures smooth
dimming but also maintains high efficiency, even at low brightness levels, thus enhancing
the energy savings in residential and commercial lighting.
 CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED METHOD

3.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to design and implement a wireless-controlled
scrolling LED display system using a Bluetooth module. The system will enable a
Bluetooth-enabled device, such as a smartphone or tablet, to send text or commands to a
microcontroller which will control the scrolling of text or graphics on an LED matrix. The
scrolling content will move across the display in a dynamic style, and the user will have
the ability to adjust parameters such as scrolling speed, direction, and content remotely
through the Bluetooth connection. The project aims to create an efficient, interactive, and
expandable system that provides a seamless user experience for controlling and displaying
messages on an LED matrix, with potential applications in home automation, public
information boards, and digital signage.
3.2 PROJECT OUTLINE
The project aims to develop a Bluetooth-controlled scrolling LED display system.
The hardware components include an LED matrix with 8x8 matrix, a microcontroller to
control the matrix, and a Bluetooth module to facilitate wireless communication with a
smartphone or other Bluetooth-enabled device. The microcontroller will receive data
through Bluetooth, such as text or commands, and use this information to control the LED
matrix, displaying the data in a scrolling format. The system will allow the user to remotely
input text, adjust the scrolling speed, and change the scrolling direction via a mobile app or
Bluetooth terminal.
The software development will involve programming the microcontroller to handle
Bluetooth communication, parse received data, and implement the scrolling logic on the
LED matrix. This will be paired with a simple User Interface (UI) on a Bluetooth device
that sends messages and controls parameters scrolling speed and direction. The project will
also include rigorous testing of both hardware and software to ensure proper
communication and smooth text scrolling on the LED matrix. Once completed, the system
will have potential applications in digital signage, home automation, and interactive display
systems. Future enhancements could include adding graphical support, integrating
additional matrices, or implementing advanced control features.
3.3 PROPOSED METHOD
The proposed methodology for the Bluetooth-controlled scrolling LED display
system involves several key stages, starting with hardware selection and ending with final
testing and deployment. First, the hardware components are chosen: an LED matrix, a
microcontroller to control the matrix, and a Bluetooth module for wireless communication
with a Bluetooth-enabled device. The microcontroller receives data from the Bluetooth
module, processes it, and drives the LED matrix to display the scrolling text or graphics. A
simple communication protocol is designed for Bluetooth, allowing the microcontroller to
interpret and display text, and to adjust scrolling parameters such as speed and direction
based on commands from the user.
The software development includes programming the microcontroller to handle
Bluetooth communication, process incoming data, and implement the scrolling logic. The
LED matrix is controlled by either direct GPIO control or through a driver IC, and an
algorithm is created to smoothly scroll the text across the matrix. A mobile app or Bluetooth
terminal is developed to enable the user to input text, adjust scrolling speed, and change
direction. Once the system is assembled, it undergoes thorough testing, focusing on
hardware functionality, Bluetooth communication reliability, and the performance of the
scrolling algorithm. The system is then optimized for smooth operation, and additional
features customizable fonts and text sizes can be incorporated for enhanced user
experience. The final product will be a Bluetooth-controlled LED matrix system, suitable
for applications in digital signage, home automation, or public displays.

3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED METHOD

 Figure 3.1 Block Diagram Of The Proposed Method

The system illustrated in the diagram is designed to control an LED matrix display
using an Arduino module and a Bluetooth communication setup. A 5V power supply serves
as the power source for the Arduino module and its connected components. The Arduino
module acts as the central controller, processing input signals and controlling the output on
the LED matrix display. Communication with the Arduino is facilitated by the HC-05
Bluetooth module, which receives commands wirelessly from a Bluetooth terminal app
installed on a smartphone or other Bluetooth-enabled device. The user sends data or
commands from the app, which are transmitted via Bluetooth to the HC-05 module. These
signals are then passed to the Arduino module, which processes the instructions and
generates the appropriate output on the LED matrix display. The system allows for seamless
wireless control of the LED matrix, making it an efficient and interactive solution for
displaying dynamic content.
 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 ARDUNIO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a widely used microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
chip, known for its versatility, ease of use, and beginner-friendly approach to electronics
and embedded systems. It operates at a 5V voltage and can be powered via USB or an
external power supply with 7V to 12V. The board features 14 digital I/O pins, of which 6
can be used for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) output, and 6 analog input pins for
interfacing with sensors. With 32 KB of flash memory, 2 KB of SRAM, and 1 KB of
EEPROM, the Arduino Uno is capable of handling a variety of simple to moderately
complex tasks. It is programmed through the Arduino IDE using a simplified C syntax,
making it accessible to both beginners and advanced users. The board supports various
communication protocols, including UART, I2C, and SPI, and is often used in projects such
as robotics, home automation, sensor monitoring, and interactive art. Its open-source
nature, large community support, and wide range of compatible shields and libraries make
the Arduino Uno a popular choice for DIY electronics and prototyping
 Figure 4.1 Ardunio Uno

4.2 HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

The HC-05 Bluetooth module is a widely used wireless communication module
designed for establishing Bluetooth connectivity between microcontrollers Arduino and
other Bluetooth-enabled devices. It operates on Bluetooth 2.0 and supports the Serial Port
Profile (SPP), allowing it to communicate via Universal Asynchronous Receiver-
Transmitter (UART) using the Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX) pins. The HC-05 can
function in both master and slave modes, though it is most commonly used in slave mode
for communication with master devices . It operates at 3.3V and can typically communicate
over distances of about 10 meters, depending on environmental factors. The module is
simple to integrate with Arduino boards, making it ideal for projects. Its low power
consumption, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness have made it one of the most popular
Bluetooth modules in DIY electronics and robotics projects.
The HC-05 Bluetooth module has several important pins that allow it to function
effectively in communication with other devices. The Power Supply pin provides the
necessary power for the module, typically operating at a voltage range of 3.3V to 5V. While
the module can work with both 3.3V and 5V, it is recommended to use 3.3V for certain
configurations to avoid potential issues, especially with voltage regulators powered by 5V
sources an Arduino. The GND (Ground) pin serves as the ground connection, ensuring a
complete electrical circuit by linking the Bluetooth module’s ground to that of the Arduino
or other connected devices.
The Transmit (TX) pin is used for sending serial data from the Bluetooth module to
a connected device, such as an Arduino or smartphone. It outputs data at a 3.3V logic level,
so it's important to ensure the receiving device can handle this, especially if using a 5V
logic system Arduino, a level shifter may be required. Conversely, the Receive (RX) pin
allows the Bluetooth module to receive serial data, operating at a 3.3V logic level, although
it can tolerate 3.3V or 5V inputs. It's generally safer to use 3.3V to prevent damaging the
module.
 The STATE pin provides an indication of the Bluetooth module’s connection status. It
will output a high signal with 3.3V the module is connected to a device and a low signal .
Another optional pin, Enable (EN) is used to toggle the module between normal operation
and AT Command Mode. this pin is held high during startup with 3.3V or 5V, the module
enters AT Command Mode, allowing users to configure settings the Bluetooth name,
pairing code, or baud rate.

Figure 4.2 Hc-05 Bluetooth Module

4.3 LED MATRIX DISPLAY MAX7219

An LED matrix is a two-dimensional array of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
arranged in rows and columns, which can be individually controlled to display
alphanumeric characters, images, and patterns. Typically, LED matrices are used in
applications digital clocks, scoreboards, message displays, and simple graphics. Each LED
in the matrix can be turned on or off, and combined in patterns, they form the characters
or images you want to display.
The matrix operates by controlling rows and columns, usually with a technique
called multiplexing, one row or column is activated at a time, and the remaining
rows/columns are turned off quickly, creating the illusion that multiple LEDs are on
simultaneously. This method reduces the number of I/O pins required for operation,
especially using larger matrices. LED matrices are commonly used in conjunction with
microcontrollers the Arduino for projects that require dynamic text scrolling, displaying
patterns or animations, and interactive displays.
 Figure 4.3 Led Matrix Display Max7219

4.4 RESISTOR
A resistor is a passive electronic component that limits the flow of electrical current
in a circuit. Its primary function is to resist the flow of electric current, thereby controlling
the voltage and current in different parts of an electrical or electronic system. Resistors are
used to protect components, divide voltages, and set currents in various circuits. They are
typically made from materials carbon, metal oxide, or thin films that offer a controlled
resistance to electrical current.

Figure 4.4 Resistor

CHAPTER 5

HARDWARE RESULT

The hardware
result for a scrolling
LED display
project using an
Arduino, Bluetooth
module (HC-05),
and an LED matrix would involve the successful wireless
communication between the Arduino and a smartphone. Once paired with the HC-05
Bluetooth module, the smartphone sends a text or command to the Arduino, typically using
a Bluetooth terminal app. The Arduino receives the data and processes the message, which
could be something "HELLO" or "WELCOME." The Arduino then sends the decoded
message to the LED matrix, which displays the text. The display would scroll the message
across the matrix, showing each character one at a time in a smooth motion. This scrolling
effect happens because the Arduino controls the LEDs on the matrix, turning them on and
off in a sequence to create the illusion of moving text. The result is a working wireless
system you can control the text on the LED matrix remotely using Bluetooth signals from
the smartphone.

5.1 HARDWARE RESULT

Figure 5.1 Hardware Model

Figure 5.2 Hardware Output
 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

6.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the project of creating a scrolling LED display using an Arduino, HC-
05 Bluetooth module, and an LED matrix successfully demonstrates the integration of
wireless communication, microcontroller programming, and real-time visual display
control. The system allows users to send text or commands from a Bluetooth-enabled
device, such as a smartphone, to the Arduino. The Arduino processes the data and controls
the LED matrix to display the desired message in a scrolling format. This project showcases
the power of Bluetooth for wireless control, enabling remote interaction with the display,
which is ideal for applications such as digital signage, information boards, or interactive
exhibits.
By utilizing libraries Adafruit_GFX and LedControl, the project simplifies the
process of managing the LED matrix and ensures smooth communication between the
Arduino and the Bluetooth module. The integration of Bluetooth with Arduino and an LED
matrix also highlights the versatility of these technologies in IoT and embedded systems,
making it a valuable project for understanding wireless data transmission, microcontroller
functionality, and display control. Overall, this project not only reinforces fundamental
concepts in electronics but also opens the door to more advanced applications, such as
dynamic remote displays and interactive control systems.

6.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of the scrolling LED display project using an Arduino, HC-05
Bluetooth module, and an LED matrix is vast, with several opportunities for enhancement
and expansion. One significant advancement could be the integration of a custom mobile
application, allowing users to send dynamic messages, control scrolling speed, or even
display real-time data news, weather, or social media feeds. Expanding the display system
by using larger or multiple LED matrices would enable the display of more complex
graphics and larger text, making it suitable for applications digital signage and event
displays. Additionally, moving from Bluetooth to Wi-Fi modules the ESP8266 or ESP32
would enable remote control over the internet, allowing for IoT integration, the display
could show sensor data or even be updated remotely from any location.
The system could also benefit from cloud integration, enabling dynamic content
updates by pulling real-time information from cloud services. Voice control via platforms
Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant could be incorporated to provide hands-free operation,
while the system could be optimized for energy efficiency, using low-power LEDs or solar
power for sustainable operation. Moreover, adding interactive features, such as
touchscreens or buttons, would allow users to input their own messages or adjust settings
in real-time. Lastly, enhancing security by implementing encryption and authentication
protocols would make the system safer for commercial and public application.
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