Understanding the Lived Experiences of Grade 12 Technical Vocational

Livelihood (TVL) Students on Sleep Deprivation of AY

2024-2025 at Naga College Foundation, Inc.

A Research Paper
Presented To
The Faculty of Senior High School Department
Naga College Foundation, Inc.
Naga City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research Project

Binay, Van Benedict A.

Melgar, Jake Clinton G.
Moscoso, Shamerick Jhay N.
Oas, Rosheimae G.
Oliver, Francine N.
Padayao, Jiezhelle D.
Sario, Mark Jason
Tatel, Debbie Sheba A.

Grade 12- Symphonia

General Academic Strand (GAS)
 2024

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Sleep deprivation, a broad and pervasive issue that can provoke individuals who

are currently experiencing this kind of disorder that frequently happens with the

adolescents, especially the students, significantly impacts their cognitive function,

emotional regulation, and overall well-being.

Students prioritized finishing their school works even late at night, just to make sure to

submit their school works on time. The time management of the students is very

important to ensure the balance of their time when it comes to schoolworks and their

rest time. According to Coursera (2023), time management is action is carefully

planning of the time to spend on a specific task to increase the efficiency of a person.

However, there are still significant portion of adolescents or students who always

prioritized what entertain them in every way, and since some of them are busy to even

open their social medias in a day, the night time became their free time for social media

platforms that leads them not to do their school works and not able to sleep early due to

the reason that they got entertained.

According to Adgate (2023), most teenagers spends most of their time in scrolling the

social media than doing their school works. Teenagers find it interesting, and gives
them entertainment which lead them to have lesser sleep. According to Merriam

Dictionary (2019), entertainment is something diverting and engaging that makes

people enjoy and have fun. It allows them to escape from everyday problems and to

relax their minds. Students usually spend their time with their friends and classmates

playing games as leisure activity. There are times that they stay up late until early

morning, enjoying the activities with their friends that would lead to sleep deprivation.

There are other leisure activities that students still do until midnight or early morning, it

can be reading stories, social media, physical activities, and many more.

Sleep is a very important part of the lives of humans because with lack of quality sleep,

it will be hard for the body and mind to work normally. According to Cleveland Clinic

(2023), several important things happen when we are asleep, such as conservation of

energy, self-repair and recovery, and maintenance of the brain. However, getting

enough sleep is unlikely to students especially for those who have heavy workloads like

the students in TVL strand.

Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) strand is one of the strands available for Senior

High School in the Philippines. This strand focuses on providing students with practical

skills and knowledge in various technical and vocational areas (Tamayo, 2023). This

strand is available in various schools that will help students to have an early experience

in various jobs that will be helpful for their future employments.

The study only focused on understanding the lived experiences on sleep deprivation of

Grade 12 Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) students of academic year 2024-2025

at Naga College Foundation, Inc. and to know the challenges they have faced and their

coping mechanisms with those challenges.

Many people already conducted a research study that is related to lived experiences on

sleep deprivation, but this is the first study that only focused to the Grade 12 TVL

students of AY 2024-2025 at Naga College Foundation, Inc.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to understand the lived experiences of Grade 12

Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Students on Sleep Deprivation at Naga College

Foundation, Inc.,

This study specifically will answer the following questions:

1. What are the lived experiences of grade 12 TVL students at Naga College

Foundation, Inc. on sleep deprivation?

2. What are the challenges faced by the grade 12 TVL students at Naga College

Foundation, Inc. on sleep deprivation?

3. How did the Grade 12 TVL students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. cope with

those challenges they encountered or faced?

Assumptions

This study is based on the following assumptions:

1. Students experience sleep deprivation due to loads of academic activities, house

chores, and other factors.

2. Sleep deprivation may negatively affect the students’ academic performance,

physical health, and emotional well-being, which may lead to various challenges to their

daily lives

3. Students develop various coping mechanisms to manage the effects of sleep

deprivations

Significance of the Study

This phenomenological study will be helpful for understanding the lived

experiences on sleep deprivation for these individuals and groups. The results will

provide useful information that will be useful for present and future purposes.

Students. This study will help Grade 12 TVL students become more aware of the

importance of enough sleep and its possible impact to their daily lives. Additionally, this

study may also can help them develop a healthier sleeping habit and enhance their time

management.

Administrators. This study will give insight to the school administrators about how lack

of sleep can affect a students’ academic performance, well-being and productivity. with

this, they can create a leaning environment, where the students will not be stressed and

will always feel safe.

Teachers. This study may help teachers gain knowledge on how academic workload

and students schedule affects students sleep practices that may contribute to their

sleep deprivation. With this knowledge, teachers may create new policies and rules for

the students to avoid sleep deprivation. Which may result to student’s active

participation in class.

Parents. This study may raise their awareness about the importance of enough sleep to

their children. Additionally, they may also use this knowledge to guide their children into

having a healthier habit that may promote better sleep.

Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers by being a related

study and guide for the research they will make. This study can be a great reference for

the studies that also involve sleep deprivation.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of Grade 12 Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. regarding sleep

deprivation during academic year 2024-2025. It addressed the following questions: (1)

What are the lived experiences of grade 12 TVL students of Naga College Foundation,

Inc. on sleep deprivation, (2) What are the challenges faced by grade 12 TVL students

at Naga College Foundation, Inc. on sleep deprivation? and (3) How did the grade 12

TVL students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. cope with those challenges?

This study will only include grade 12 TVL students enrolled at Naga College

Foundation, Inc. within the academic year 2024-2025. The study focused on their

individual and shared experiences with sleep deprivation, which included understanding

how they cope with the challenges they faced.

This study excluded the grade 12 students from other academic strands such as

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), Humanities and Social

Science (HUMSS), and Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), as well as

those students from different grade levels and academic institutions. Moreover, this

study did not include investigating any medical issues and causes of sleep deprivation,
rather it focused merely to their lived experiences, challenges they faced, and coping

mechanisms to those challenges.

Definition of Terms

Sleep deprivation. According to Cambridge Dictionay (2023), the condition of not

having had enough sleep or of being prevented from having enough sleep, especially

for several days or more. In this study, it is used to describe the lack of sleep of the

students causing them to experience several challenges in life.

Technical Vocational Livelihood. According to Mapúa Malayan Colleges Mindanao

(2024), it is a strand in senior high school that focuses on hands-on training in specific

fields. In this study, it is the population that the researchers choose in where they will

conduct the study.

 Notes

Adgate, B. (2023, October 18). Gallup: Teens Spend More Time On Social Media

Than On Homework. Forbes.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2023/10/18/gallup-teens-spend-more-

time-on-social-media-than-on-homework/

Cambridge Dictionary. (2023, March 22). sleep deprivation. @CambridgeWords.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/sleep-deprivation

Cleveland Clinic. (2023, June 19). Sleep. Cleveland Clinic.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/12148-sleep-basics

Coursera. (2023, July 18). What Is Time Management? 6 Strategies to Better

Manage Your Time. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/articles/time-

management

Mapua University. (2024). Mapua.edu.ph.

https://www.mapua.edu.ph/news/senior-high-school-strands-in-the-ph-a-brief-

overview-of-the-academic-track

‌Merriam-Webster. (2019). Definition of ENTERTAINMENT. Merriam-

Webster.com. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entertainment
 Tamayo, S. B. (2023). Status of Technical-Vocational and Technology and

Livelihood Education Instruction in CSU: Input for A Training Program. AIDE

Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 6, 46–64. https://doi.org/10.56648/aide-

irj.v6i1.93

‌
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND RELATED STUDY

In this chapter, the researchers include existing body of literature related to the

lived experiences of students, especially regarding sleep deprivation. The objectives are

to place the research within this framework, uncover gaps in literature, and comprehend

the current level of knowledge.

Sleep Deprivation

Based on the study of Patrick et al., (2017), not having enough sleep can have

an impact to the physical ability of university students. The results imply that sleep

deprivation can negatively affect a person’s body, like it may weaken the student

physically and may reduce their energy, which will result to them having less succession

in sports or other physical activities.

According to Perez- Olmos and Ibanez-Pinila (2014), sleep deprivation can lead to

a decline to a person especially medical students in their attentional performance. This

research which specifically focus on medical students with night shifts have irregular

patterns of sleep, which may cause them to have poorer concentration and slow

cognitive function. The findings of this study shows that sleep deprivation can have

negative effect to the focus of the students.

 According to Suardiaz-Muro et al., (2023), there is 61.3% of university students

that felt that having enough sleep can cause their academic performance to improve.

This research shows the side effect of sleep deprivation on the students’ academic

performance, and if a student cannot have enough sleep, he or she will be less focus in

class, thus will result to lower academic performance.

Based on the research of Ratclif and Van Dongen (2018), sleep deprivation can

affect a person’s memory retention. This study suggest that lack of sleep lowers the

quality of information that is stored in memory, and it concludes that students who are

sleep deprived can have a problem in retaining information’s, which may affect their

academic performances in school.

According to Colleta (2022), sleep is very important for a student’s academic

success because through sleep we can be able to let our minds function easily and

answer challenging problems effectively. This study does not only focus of the cognitive

function, but it is also important to let us be more focus to what we are doing.

Based on the study of Chen and Chen (2018) sleep is a very important aspect in

our life specially to the students. When a student is sleep deprived, he or she will have a

low chance of graduating. This research shows us the importance of valuing our sleep

and its possible effects to our academic performances.

According to Guadiana and Okashima (2020), sleep deprivation can put a persons’

health at risk. It can result to slow brain functioning which may cause to poorer

academic performance of students. This study also shows that sleep is not only
important for the academic success of students, but it is also equally important to the

physical and mental well-being of students.

According to Lei et al. (2016) study, Sleep deprivation can have a negative

impact to the functioning of our brain as it can destroy the connection between the

hippocampus and thalamus of our brain. It lowers peoples’ performance because our

brain cannot function and perform properly.

According to Figueroa-Quiñones et al. (2024), Facebook has become one of the

reasons that causes sleep deprivation to the students specially after the COVID-19

pandemic. This Research states that we should lessen the use of Facebook, specifically

during the night in order to have good sleep and be more active during the day.

Based on the study of Lueke and Assar (2022), many people experienced sleep

deprivation and it is most common to college students, which causes them to be more

prone to stress and symptoms of depression. Sleep deprivation may also cause a

persons’ immune system to become low.

The Republic Act No. 11036 or the Mental Health Act of the Philippines is an act

aims not only to treat the affected community of mental health, but also to educate and

promote awareness of mental health disorders to the general public by implementing

national policies, strategies, programs, and regulations (Nuñez, 2021). With the help of

this act, the mental health of the students will be well protected if they will be guided

accordingly in order to avoid sleep deprivation.

 According to Matthew Walker’s book entitled “Why we Sleep” provides the

readers an explanation of the science of sleep and its impact on the health of a person

and their well-being. Walker also discusses some negative effects of sleep like duller or

slower reaction time, obesity, diabetes, or much worse is heart disease (Why We Sleep,

2018)

Based on the book of Arianna Huffington entitled “The Sleep Revolution:

Transforming Your Life, One Night at a Time”, sleep has a very important role in a

persons’ well-being and their overall productivity. This book shows how the world

almost put no importance in sleeping which may lead to sleep deprivation. This book

also shows Huffington’s recommendation to have a better sleep. It states that sleep

deprivation should be avoided to avoid affecting our work, education, and daily lives.

(The Sleep Revolution, 2016)

The 1987 Constitution, Article 13, Section 11 of the Philippines shows that the

government should adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health

development services and to make all services available for all people specially to

paupers (1987 Philippine Constitution - the LawPhil Project, 1987). This emphasizes the

significance of free health services to improve the health conditions of people, for

example are the issue sleep deprivation.

On W. Chris Winter’s book entitled “The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep is

Broken and How to Fix It”, he states solutions that will help anyone to achieve a healthy

sleep without taking pills or experiencing fatigue (Winter, 2024). With the help of this
book, readers can customize some specific ways to help them have a more comfortable

sleep.

According to Papatriantafyllou et al. (2022), sleep deprivation may effect a

persons’ eating habits, metabolic rate, and the hormones regulating metabolism. It is

important for us to maintain a proper sleep pattern because it can help us avoid obesity

and improve our overall health.

According to Columbia University (2022), sleep deprivation can really affect our

mental health, and one of its possible negative effects is insomnia, in where people that

have this have a very hard time in sleeping. Having this type of mental illness can also

affect our physical health because our body does not get the proper amount of rest it

should have.

According to Liew and Aung (2020), Sleep deprivation is an effects of multiple

health problems, which may affect our cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and

other factors that may affects a persons’ health. It is a consequence for those people

that always stay awake even if their body is already asking them to rest.

According to Davis (2020), sleep deprivation occurs when a person does not get

enough quality sleep. It will not only affect a persons’ health and ability to focus on

doing daily task, it can also affect a persons’ immune system, which my increase their

risks of having health conditions.

According to LaMotte (2022), many people have trouble falling asleep, while others

are very sleepy during the day. It is also stated that sleep deprivation, along with
irregular sleeping patterns can increase the risk of obesity, heart disease and dementia.

So people are recommended to have at least 8 hours of sleep to refresh our bodies.

Lived Experiences

According to Maureen Cort-Blackson (2018) study looked at how lack of sleep

affects online university students, particularly those with jobs and family responsibilities.

It found that sleep deprivation negatively impacts their academic performance, making

them tired, sluggish, and irritable. The study included 10 students who shared their

experiences, focusing on how distractions like social media, family, and work interfere

with their sleep. Four key themes emerged the impact of sleep loss, how students

adjust to daily life, what causes sleep deprivation, and their views on online education.

The study suggests that creating a supportive online student community could help

reduce sleep deprivation and improve academic performance.

Based on the study of Malin Jakobsson et al. (2022), this study explored the

sleeping difficulties experienced by adolescents, focusing on how they feel and cope

with poor sleep. It involved interviews with 16 teenagers, ages 14-15, in Sweden. The

results revealed four main themes feeling discouraged when unable to fall asleep,

struggling through the night, searching for ways to sleep better, and feeling the negative

effects the next day. The study shows that sleep problems make it hard for teens to get

through the night and manage their day, leaving them feeling trapped. Understanding

these experiences can help parents, school nurses, and others support teens with sleep

difficulties.
 Based on the study of Bettye Louise Cobbins (2013) this study looks at how

sleep deprivation affects nurses and the quality of care they provide to patients. The

researcher interviewed 20 nurses to understand their experiences with being sleep-

deprived. The nurses shared their thoughts through open-ended questions, and the

responses were analyzed using software to identify key themes. Six main themes were

found: sleep deprivation itself, nurses’ roles and responsibilities, patient care,

scheduling issues, stress, and personal life challenges. The study suggests that

understanding why nurses experience sleep deprivation could help improve their

performance and patient care. The researcher recommends that healthcare leaders

create strategies to support nurses and improve care delivery.

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

The researcher provided several related studies that are connected to the study.

To avoid misconnection to the related study and the research topic, the researchers

made a synthesis of the related studies.

The studies by Patrick et al. (2017) and Guadiana and Okashima (2020)

shows that sleep deprivation can cause a person to have lower energy to do physical

activities, while the studies of Perez-Olmos and Ibanez-Pinila (2014) alongside Ratclif

and Van Dongen (2018) focuses on the negative effects of sleep deprivation on a

persons’ concentration and memory. Furthermore, the findings of Suardiaz-Muro et al.

(2023) shows that many of students views sleep as an important factor for their

academic performance, and Chen and Chen (2018) also connects sleep to the

graduation rates of the students. Additionally, Lueke and Assar (2022) also states that
sleep deprivation may increase a persons’ stress and depression, which may be

affected by social media platforms like Facebook (Figueroa-Quiñones et al. 2024).

Gaps Bridge by the Study

This study is conducted in order to understand the lived experiences of Grade 12

students. It aims to gain deeper understanding about sleep deprivation by knowing the

lived experiences of students and to help students improve their live experiences and

give them possible solutions to challenges that they might face. The researchers

provide insightful information on the real-life experiences of grade 12 Technical

Vocational Livelihood (TVL) students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. which provide

the researchers knowledge about their experiences. Among all the literatures that the

researchers have gathered, the researchers determine that although there is already a

study about sleep deprivation, it does not specifically focus on the grade 12 Technical

Vocational Livelihood (TVL) students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. and it only

focuses on the effects and causes of sleep deprivation, while our research study

focuses entirely at the lived experiences of the students, including the challenges they

faced and their coping mechanism for that challenge.

Theoretical Framework
 This study was supported by the following theories: Restorative Theory of Sleep

(1931), Energy Conservation Theory (1842), and Cognitive Load Theory (1988)

Restorative Theory of Sleep by Dr. Ian Oswald (1931). When we do tiring

activities, our energies tend to be used up and we need to sleep to replenish the energy

that we used (Reed, 2020). According to this theory by napping or sleep we can restore

our energies and make us more productive during the day, and by that we can

accomplished things on our list and do other things that is not included in a person’s to

do list just because we have enough sleep to do things faster and better.

Restorative theory of sleep shows how lack of sleep can affect a person’s energy

restoration. In connection with this theory, it shows that sleep deprivation can often

cause the students a weaker immune system, which will cause them to often have

illnesses. Sleep deprivation may also cause students to experience lack of focus and

often forgot things easily.

Energy Conservation Theory by Julius Robert Mayer (1842). When we are

awake, we are more prone to using our energies because we are constantly moving to

do chores and such that demands for our physical energy that resulted for our body to

loss strength. It states that the main function of sleep is to reduce a person's energy

demand during part of the day and night when it is least efficient to hunt for food

(Brinkman et al., 2023). Additionally, this theory shows that only by sleeping, we can

ensure our energy and be more productive the next day since our body is not moving or

doing any activities that requires our physical strength.

 The Energy conservation theory shows how sleep deprivation may affect how a

person perform daily activities because they do not conserve enough energy because of

lack of sleep. This theory shows that because of sleep deprivation, people may even

feel tired because of some simple activities. When we don’t have enough sleep, we tend

to be less active during the day because of low energy.

Cognitive Load Theory by John Sweller (1988). This theory states that when a

person is sleep deprived, his/her ability to think and focus will be decreased. When we

are awake, we tend to keep n thinking which may result t cognitive workload, which may

slow down the ability of a person to process and retain information. According to

Williams (2022) , this theory shows that a human’s brain has a limited capacity and if it

overloads, his/her learning performance can be hinder.

The Cognitive load theory shows how sleep deprivation may cause a student to

have a poor concentration and memorization ability. It shows that when a person is

sleep deprived, their cognitive workload may increase, which may cause them to have a

difficulty to manage and process even just a simple information. It also shows that a

sleep deprived person can feel more stress.

Conceptual Framework

This research understands the lived experiences of grade 12 TVL

students who experienced sleep deprivation. The researchers used a systematic

conceptual framework in order to provide a deeper understanding of the lived

experiences of students on sleep deprivation. The topmost box showed the title of the

research study; this shows that this research will mainly focus on the variables stated in

the title. Following it, are the three (3) research questions, which will be the researchers

guide for the questions to ask during the surveys. It did include the lived experiences of

students on sleep deprivation, the challenges they faced, and how they cope with those

challenges.

After stating research questions, it will now proceed to the process the

researchers need to follow. It begins with the researchers formulated semi-structured

interview guides in order to deeply understand the lived experiences of students on

sleep deprivation and a letter of consent. Next, the interview guides and the letter of

consent will be validated by the researcher teachers. Once it is validated, the

researchers forward the validated letter of consent to the class advisers of the Grade 12

TVL sections and to the Basic Education Department higher ups. After that, the

researchers will be sending a request letter to the class advisers of the two sections to

ask for a referral about who are the students that are sleep deprived in their respective

classes. After the referral, the researchers will distribute the letter of consent, which will

be signed by both the participants and his/her guardian. Then, the researchers will

arrange a convenient schedule for both the participants and the researcher in order to

conduct the face-to-face interview. Before conducting the face-to-face interview, the

researcher will ask permission from the participants to take an audio recording of the

interview in order to give convenience to the transcription process of the researchers.

After transcribing, the researchers will ask validation from a Filipino and English teacher

to recheck if their translation is right or wrong. Lastly, the data collected will be analyzed
using thematic analysis and the results will be interpreted. The researchers of this study

will make sure that the answers of the participants will remain confidential and the

documentations taken will be only for research purposes only.

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graduation. Preventive Medicine, 124(124), 23–28.

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TEAAR3AJOzwmTLCajdcWgY5ja2M6KunGEmz15DvFK0iB-

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(2017). Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-017-0099-5
Pérez-Olmos, I., & Ibáñez-Pinilla, M. (2014). Night shifts, sleep deprivation, and

attention performance in medical students. International Journal of Medical

Education, 5(5), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.531a.f2c9

Ratcliff, R., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (2018). The effects of sleep deprivation on

item and associative recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:

Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(2), 193–208.

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Reed, B. (2022, March). Oswald’s Restoration Theory of Sleep: A Brief

Summary. SONU Sleep. https://sonusleep.com/blogs/news/oswalds-restoration-

theory-of-sleep-a-brief-summary?srsltid=AfmBOopCaw9PqdD-

UJXpWKikpjFfSH2cv9ZJTCouHmtTvfrY9XG-hDSC

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A., Martín-Plasencia, P., & Vela-Bueno, A. (2023). Sleep quality and sleep

deprivation: Relationship with academic performance in university students

during examination period. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 21(3).

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‌Suni, E., & Dimitriu, A. (2021, February 23). Revenge Bedtime Procrastination:

Definition & Psychology. Sleep Foundation.

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The LawPhil Project. (1987). 1987 Philippine Constitution - The LawPhil Project.

Lawphil.net. https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
The Sleep Revolution. (2016). Google Books.

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id=hnMkCwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y

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Wickwire, E. M. (2017). The Sleep Revolution: Transforming Your Life, One Night

at a TimeHuffingtonArianna Harmony Books, an imprint of the Crown Publishing

Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC: New York, NY. 2016. ISBN

978-1-101-90400-8. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(01), 145–146.

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Williams, D. (2022). The importance of cognitive load theory | Society for

Education and Training. Society for Education & Training. https://set.et-

foundation.co.uk/resources/the-importance-of-cognitive-load-theory

Winter, C. (2024). The Sleep Solution by W. Chris Winter, M.D.: 9780399583612

|PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books. PenguinRandomhouse.com.

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chris-winter-md/
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows various methodologies that is used in this study. This includes

the methods that are used in this study, the data gathering technique, the procedure of

investigation, and the data gathering technique. This chapter further helped the

researchers to be more systematic in conducting their study.

Method Used

This qualitative study used a phenomenological research design in order to

understand the lived experiences of Grade 12 TVL students on sleep deprivation at

Naga College Foundation, Inc. According to Neubauer et al. (2019), phenomenology is

a research design that focuses on the individuals lived experiences about a certain

phenomenon. The researchers used this research design in order to deeply

comprehend and subjectively describe the lived experiences, challenges faced, and

coping mechanisms of the participants of the study.

Population and Sampling

The researcher used a snowball sampling technique in order to identify who will

be the participants of the study. According to Simkus (2023), snowball sampling

technique is also known as chain-referral sampling, it is a method in which the

participants are helping the researchers recruit or locate other participants for the study.

However, in this study, the class adviser of each grade 12 TVL sections referred 2

students each as the participants for this study. However, some students that was

referred by their advisers are not available to be interviewed, so we asked the

participants to refer other students from their strand that also experience sleep

deprivation. This sampling technique is often used when the participants are hard to find

(Simkus, 2023). According to Creswell (2013), the reasonable sample size may range

from 3 -25 participants for a phenomenological study (as cited in The Research

Methods Consortium, 2022, Chapter 19.4), so the researchers decided to have 4

participants for this research study.

Procedure of Investigation

In order to accomplish this study, the researchers followed the process stated in

the conceptual framework. The researchers used interview guides to gather data and

information needed to conduct the study. To begin the process, the researchers

formulated a structured interview guide in order to deeply understand the lived

experiences of students on sleep deprivation and a letter of consent. Next, the interview
guides and the letter of consent are validated by the researcher teachers. Once it is

validated, the researchers forwarded the validated letter of consent to the class advisers

of the Grade 12 TVL sections and to the Basic Education Department higher ups. After

that, the researchers submit a request letter to the class advisers of the two sections to

ask for referral about who are the students that are sleep deprived in their respective

classes. After the referral, the researchers distributed the letter of consent, which will

be signed by both the participants and his/her guardian. Then, the researchers arranged

a convenient schedule for both the participants and the researcher in order to conduct

the face-to-face interview. Before conducting the face-to-face interview, the researcher

asked permission from the participants to take an audio recording of the interview in

order to give convenience to the transcription process of the researchers. The interview

process may last up to 30 minutes, depending on their answers. After the interview, the

data gathered are transcribed and translated to English. After transcribing, the

researchers asked validation from a Filipino and English teacher to recheck if their

translation is accurate or not. Lastly, the data collected is analyzed using thematic

analysis and the results are interpreted. The researchers of this study will make sure

that the answers of the participants will remain confidential and the documentations

taken will be only for research purposes only.

Data Gathering Tools

In this study, the researchers will used structured interview to allow them ask

further questions and explanations from the participants. According to Health (2023),

Semi-structured interview is a method used to gain an in-depth understanding of the

participant’s feelings and beliefs on specific topics. Through the use of semi-structured
interview, the researchers will have a guide for the flow of their interview. In order for the

researchers to have deeper insights, the interviewer may ask a follow up questions

based on the response of the participant. Every participant will participate in an in-depth

interview that may last up to 30 minutes to 1 hour. The interview questions are divided

into three parts: Part 1- The lived experiences of grade 12 TVL students on sleep

deprivation, part 2- the challenges they faced, and part 3- The coping mechanisms of

the students on the challenges they faced on sleep deprivation.

Data Analysis

The researchers will utilize the thematic analysis in order to analyze the data

collected by identifying the patterns and themes of the data collected from the

participants. According to Corsley (2021), Thematic analysis is about analyzing and

understanding the patterns and themes in the data gathered in order to identify the

underlying meaning. In this analysis, it does not need to focus to all theme possible, but

only to those themes that are well connected to the research questions. To analyze the

data gathered, the researchers will collate and arrange the data gathered during the

interview. After arranging the data gathered, thoroughly reread and review the

transcribed data and start identifying the themes. One’s the themes are identified, start

naming them and proceed to analyzing it.

 Notes

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing

among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles Sage.

Crosley, J. (2021, April). What Is Thematic Analysis? Simple Definition +

Examples. Grad Coach. https://gradcoach.com/what-is-thematic-analysis/

Heath, C. (2023, February 5). Semi-Structured interview: Explanation, examples,

& how-to. Dovetail. https://dovetail.com/research/semi-structured-interview/

Neubauer, B., Witkop, C., & Varpio, L. (2019). How Phenomenology Can Help

Us Learn from the Experiences of Others. Perspectives on Medical Education,

8(2), 90–97. NCBI. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2

Simkus, J. (2023). Snowball Sampling: Definition, Method and Examples - Simply

Psychology. Www.simplypsychology.org.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/snowball-sampling.html
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the study’s findings and the themes that Grade 12 TVL

sleep deprived students encountered. The purpose of the data analysis was to show the

themes found in the raw data and offer a meaningful perspective into the experience of

sleep deprived students. The themes found based on the raw data gathered are ..

Lived Experiences of Grade 12 TVL students on Sleep Deprivation

Heavy Academic Workload

The participants shared the overwhelming pressure they received because of

their academic workload, which is affecting their sleep schedules and overall well-being.
The struggle in balancing school works, projects, and extracurricular activities are often

the reason why most students often sacrifice their sleep. The pressure they receive

results in them having little time to have proper sleep and relaxation, which may lead to

exhaustion and difficulty managing their responsibilities. As stated by participant 1:

“So, hindi po talaga ako nagkakaroon ng sufficient time para

magpahinga, dahil na rin sa mga biglaang school works na

nagaganap. Yung akin naman pong schedule is nagrerange

lang…yung akin naming pong schedule ng sleep is nagrerange

lang ng two to four hours and swertehan na lang kung magfa-five

siya.” (I really don’t get enough time to rest because of sudden

schoolwork that comes up. My sleep schedule ranges from 2 to 4

hours, and I’m lucky if it reaches 5 hours.)

In addition, the Participant 3 stated:

“Ang sleep schedule ko sa weekdays and weekends paiba-iba

since lagi akong nagcocomputer and depende din sa mga

projects, so I typically sleep around 11 and mostly nakaka-8

hours sleep or 7 hours sleep pero ‘pag may mga projects,

tumatagal ako 3 or 4 AM and may klase akong nine, so tumatagal

ako around three hours four hours lang na sleep.” (My sleep

schedule varies between weekdays and weekends because I

often use the computer, especially when working on projects. On

regular days, I usually sleep around 11 PM and get about 7 to 8

 hours of sleep. However, when I have projects, I sometimes stay

up until 3 or 4 AM, and since I have a 9 AM class, I only get

around 3 to 4 hours of sleep.)

Furthermore, Participant 4 also stated:

“uhm the first reason is project, pt. second uhm yun nga po pt and

morning class.” (uhm The first reason is the projects and PT. The second

is the PT and morning classes.)

According to DepEd Tambayan (2023), heavy academic workloads can cause

significant effects to a students life, it can lead to stress, burnout, decreased motivation,

and poor mental health. The experiences of the participants showed that sleep

deprivation can lead a person to be exhausted and to have difficulty finishing daily

tasks. These experiences showed how heavy workload can affect a student's physical

and mental health.

Mood Changes

The participants also shared how sleep deprivation is affecting their emotional

well-being, which leads to mood changes like irritation, frustration and sudden mood

swings. The lack of proper rest can affect their ability to control emotions, which may

make them more prone to mood swings, impatience and sensitivity to minor

inconveniences. As stated by participant 1:

“Yung aking sleep deprivation is nagcause sakin ng pagiging

uhm short patient na tao. So, unlike noon na ‘di pa ako

 nagpupuyat, mas kaya kong maglaan ng oras sa mga bagay-

bagay na yung kaya magpasaya ba.” (It has made me more

impatient, unlike before when I wasn’t staying up late — I had

more time to do things that made me happy. It has also affected

my personal life and made me more short-tempered.)

Participant 3 also stated that:

“I think first of all is mood change, siyempre ‘pag kulang ka sa

tulog you’re not focus and difficult in concentrating and

sometimes may memory block ka din tapos may nararamdaman

din akong fatigue, pagod din, mabilis mapagod.” (I think the first

effect is mood change. When you lack sleep, you’re not focused

and have difficulty concentrating. Sometimes, you experience

memory blocks, and I also feel fatigue — I get tired easily.)

Additionally, Participant 3 also stated that:

“…ay ‘laging galit or wala talaga sa mood like ayoko makipag-

usap, gusto ko lang mapag-isa, gusto ko lang magpahinga.”

(There are instances when I’m easily irritated, don’t want to talk to

anyone, and just prefer to be alone and rest.)

The study conducted by the better health channel (2022) shows that people who

are sleep deprived often experience negative moods like anger, frustration, and

irritation. The participants shared that they often experience impatience, mood swings
and emotional sensitivity. These experiences highlight how lack of sleep can disrupt a

person's emotional well-being by causing negative mood changes and decreased

overall-well being.

Impact on Social and Personal Life

The participants shared how sleep deprivation can impact their social and

personal life. They stated that lack of sleep can lead to change in mood, behavior, and a

person's interactions with others. As stated by Participant 1:

“...Yung aking sleep deprivation is nagcause sakin ng

pagiging uhm short patient na tao. So, unlike noon na di pa ako

nagpupuyat, mas kaya kong maglaan ng oras sa mga bagay

bagay na yung kaya magpasaya ba.” (It has made me more

impatient, unlike before when I wasn’t staying up late — I had

more time to do things that made me happy.)

Furthermore, Participant 3 stated that:

“...laging galit or wala talaga sa mood like ayoko makipag-

usap, gusto ko lang mapag-isa, gusto ko lang magpahinga.”

(...There are instances when I’m easily irritated, don’t want to talk

to anyone, and just prefer to be alone and rest.)

According to Weiss (2023), sleep deprived people were much more likely to

feel less happy and excited, but feel more angry and anxious. Sleep deprivation can

also cause people to feel more lonely and less likely to talk with other people (Anwar,
2018). When a person is sleep deprived, their emotions will be more affected, which

may lead to being easily frustrated and having the thought to isolate and detach

themselves from others.

Challenges Faced by Grade 12 TVL students on Sleep Deprivation

Difficulty in Concentration

The participants shared their experiences on the challenges they faced on sleep

deprivation. Due to being sleep deprived, some participants shared that they cannot

focus in school and some cannot even think well. As stated by participant 2:

“Nawawalan lang ako ng focus sa school since nga kulang

ako sa tulog kaya minsan nakakatulog ako sa school and

nawawara ang isip ko habang naglelesson.” (I lose focus in

school because of a lack of sleep. That’s why sometimes I fall

asleep in class, and my mind tends to wander during lessons.)

Additionally, Participant 3 stated that:

“Yon nga since mayroon kang problem nun, your mental

focus is low and ‘di ka makapag-concentrate so therefor like

medyo impactful lahat kase first you are sleepy, your mind is

sleepy minsan may paranoia ka din, puwede din and uhm

sometimes yung memory mo is not sometimes is not working

most of the time puwede ka din maging lutang pero uhm ano lang

naman yung sa ano lang din mental concentration mo.” (Since

 you have that kind of problem, your mental focus is low, making it

hard to concentrate. It’s quite impactful because, first, you’re

sleepy — your mind feels tired — and sometimes you might even

experience paranoia. Your memory doesn’t work as well, and

most of the time, you feel spaced out. It mainly affects your

mental concentration.)

According to Watsons (2020), sleep deprivation can make our brains exhausted,

which can cause us to have lower concentration and learning. Additionally, long periods

of sleep deprivation can also cause us to start having hallucinations and even

experience paranoia.

Low Motivation and Productivity

The participants shared that sleep deprivation can significantly impact a students’

motivation and productivity. This decline can lead a student's academic performance to

decline and to have lower academic performance. According to Participant 2:

“Ano po… minsan pakauwi ko deretso na ako tulog kaya di

ko na nagagawa school works ko.” (uhmm.. sometimes, when I

get home, I go straight to sleep, so I don’t get to do my

schoolwork.)

Participant 3 also stated that:

“Productivity ko and school ano ko motivation ko I think

bumababa since kulang ako lagi sa tulog and not really really prepared
 pero I think nagpupuyat din ako.” (My productivity and my school

motivation, I think it is getting low since I always lack sleep and am not

really prepared but I think I also stay up late.)

Additionally, Participant 4 stated:

“uhm konti lang naman ang effect sa school activities ko

pero minsan nade-delay ng sleep deprivation ang paggawa ko ng

mga school activities.” (uhm, it only has a few effects on my

school activities, but sometimes sleep deprivation can cause

delay when I need to do a school activity.)

According to Newsom (2022), sleep deprivation can cause us to feel

tired, which can make it harder for us to stay focused on doing important tasks.

When we lack enough rest, our thinking ability slows down and it also reduces

our ability to concentrate. Prolonged sleep deprivation can make doing simple

tasks feel overwhelming, which may reduce a person motivation and

productivity.

Coping Mechanisms of Grade 12 TVL students in the Problems They Faced and

Encountered

Time Management

As the participants mentioned, time management is one of their techniques to

improve their schedule and to manage their life as being sleep deprived. By having time
management with them, it reduces their procrastination and they will have plenty of time

for themselves and more time to sleep. As stated by particpant 1:

“So ang ginawa ko pong startegies for my sleep

deprivation is nagschedule po ako ng time in which pagkagaling

ko ng school is magsleep ako agad after my obligations in my

house... in our house“ ([T]he strategy I use to manage my sleep

deprivation is creating a schedule. After coming home from

school, I sleep right away after finishing my household

obligations.)

Meanwhile, as stated by particpant 4:

“minsan gumagawa ako ng schedule ko ng mga gagawin

tapos kung anong oras ba ako matutulog and kung anong oras

din ako gigising para mabalance ko ang time ko and also ang

pagtulog ko para magkaroon ako ng complete sleep.

“[S]ometimes I make a schedule of the things I need to do, what

time I should sleep, and what time I should wake up. This helps

me balance my time and get enough sleep.”

According to Osmun (2020), although reducing the amount of our sleep can help

us accomplish more tasks, less sleep can decrease our overall performance for the next

day, so we should do our best to manage our time properly. To effectively manage our

time, we should know first what are the things that we must prioritize the most important

things to the least important one.

 Notes

Anwar, Y. (2018, August 22). How poor sleep can ruin your social life | University of

California. Www.universityofcalifornia.edu.

https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/how-poor-sleep-can-ruin-your-social-

life

Better Health Channel. (2022, November 8). Mood and sleep. Vic.gov.au; Better Health

Channel. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/Mood-and-

sleep

DepEd Tambayan. (2023, March 19). How Heavy Workload Affects Student Learning

Outcomes • DepEd Tambayan. Depedtambayan.net.

https://depedtambayan.net/heavy-workload-affects-student-learning-outcomes/

Impact on Social and Personal Life Weiss, H. (2023, December 21). How Sleep

Deprivation Affects Your Mood. TIME. https://time.com/6549926/sleep-

deprivation-emotions/

Newsom, R., & Wright, H. (2022, April 19). Sleep & Job Performance: Can

Sleep Deprivation Hurt Your Work? Sleep Foundation.

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene/good-sleep-and-job-

performance
Osmun, R. (2020). Time Management and Sleep - eachnight. Eachnight.

https://eachnight.com/sleep/time-management-and-sleep/

Watson, S. (2020, May 15). 11 Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Your Body. Healthline.

https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

In this chapter, the key findings of the study are laid out. Each key findings are

based on the participant’s response. Additionally, conclusions are drawn from the

findings, and recommendations are given on each statement of the problem regarding

how this may be useful in future investigations and research studies.

Problem 1. What are the lived experiences of grade 12 TVL students at Naga

College Foundation, Inc. on sleep deprivation?

Findings. The Grade 12 TVL students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. , are

experiencing significant negative effects from sleep deprivation, including difficulties

with concentration, short-term memory, emotional regulation, and fatigue, which leads

to reduced class participation and overall academic performance and well-being.

Conclusion. Based on the students’ self reported experiences, it indicates that

insufficient sleep significantly impacts the academic performance, emotional well-being,

and social interaction of Grade 12 TVL students at Naga College Foundation, Inc. This

is manifested as difficulty concentrating, mood changing, tiredness, and reduced

participation in school activities, highlighting the critical need for interventions to

promote healthy sleep habits and student well-being.

Recommendation. To mitigate the adverse effects of sleep deprivation on Grade 12

TVL students, it is recommended that Naga College Foundation, Inc. implement

educational programs on healthy sleep habits, provide time management and stress

reduction workshops, consider adjusting school schedules, foster a supportive school

environment, and encourage further research into underlying causes and effective

interventions for student sleep deprivation, while also promoting open communication

between the students, parents, and school personnel regarding sleep-related concerns.

Problem 2. What are the challenges faced by the grade 12 TVL students at Naga

College Foundation, Inc. on sleep deprivation?

Findings. The students' responses indicated that lack of sleep significantly impacts

academic performance and overall well-being. Students often reported difficulties in

balancing academic responsibilities, extracurricular activities and personal needs,

leading to time constraints and feeling of exhaustion. This imbalance contributed to

cognitive impairment such as difficulty concentrating and reduced focus, negatively

affecting their learning and academic performance. Furthermore, insufficient sleep

resulted in decreased motivation and productivity, particularly concerning school work.

Conclusion.The findings strongly suggest that sleep deprivation presents a significant

challenge to students, impacting their academic performance, mental well-being, and ability to

balance their responsibilities. While students exhibit a degree of resilience in attempting to

maintain their performance, the long-term implications of sleep loss necessitates prioritizing

sleep hygiene, time management, and a supportive learning environment.

Recommendation. To help students who are not getting enough sleep, schools should

focus on teaching good sleeping habits through informative campaigns and classes.

Students should also learn how to manage their time better so they can balance school

activities, and their personal lives. School needs to create a supportive environment that

understands the challenges students face and offers help with stress. It's also important

to make sure schoolworks is not too overwhelming. Finally, more research is needed to

understand the long-term effects of not getting enough sleep and to see how well

different ways of helping students to sleep better.

Problem 3. How did the Grade 12 TVL students at Naga College Foundation, Inc.

cope with those challenges they encountered or faced?

Findings. The data gathered shows that most Grade 12 TVL students use time

management as their coping mechanism to handle sleep deprivation. The students

shared that by creating schedules and always prioritizing sleep after doing important

things should be done in order to improve a person's productivity and improve a

persons’ performance for the next day.

Conclusion. The findings suggest that proper time management is an important

strategy for people, especially students, to avoid sleep deprivation and to mitigate its

negative effects. By having a proper plan and a flow to follow, students can be more

organized and minimize procrastination, and improve a students rest.

Recommendation. In order to help students to know how to do proper time

management, schools are recommended to offer workshops that support productivity

and setting realistic academic expectations to avoid academic workload. Additionally,

the use of planners is highly encouraged as it can help students balance their personal

lives and their studies. Through this, students will be more productive, while also

making sure they get enough sleep.

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