International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.16, No.

1, March 2025

THE “LOGISTICAL MACHINE” RESHAPING

CULTURES AND LANDSCAPES: A POSITION PAPER
Gilles Paché

CERGAM Lab, Aix-Marseille University, France

ABSTRACT
This position paper examines the role of the “logistical machine” as a driving force behind the
acceleration of global flows and the homogenization of economies and cultures. Far from being merely an
optimization tool, the “logistical machine” enables the intensive exploitation of natural resources, the
erosion of local knowledge, and the dominance of multinational corporations over territories and ways of
life. A critical assessment of global supply chains reveals how they concentrate economic power while
dismantling local alternatives. The author advocates for expanding traditional supply chain management
paradigms, which are often narrowly focused on performance and profitability while overlooking broader
systemic effects. Exploring alternatives such as short supply chains and localized governance models, this
position paper opens new pathways for rethinking the “logistical machine” through the lenses of social
justice and sustainability.

KEYWORDS
Consumption, Culture, Environment, Global/short supply chains, Governance, Indigenous communities,
Knowledge, “Logistical machine,” Performance, Sustainability

1. INTRODUCTION
In the context of globalization, logistical performance has become a key factor in determining
corporate competitiveness, influencing inter-organizational dynamics and reshaping value chains,
thereby transforming lifestyles in both developed and developing nations. The efficiency of
global supply chains, often celebrated for their speed, seamless coordination, and fluid movement
of goods, is seen as a significant technological advancement that enables companies to optimize
operations, lower supply and delivery costs, and enhance profits and shareholder returns [3].
However, this pursuit of efficiency comes with serious negative repercussions, as it fuels the
overuse of natural resources, environmental degradation, loss of cultural diversity, and the
decline of traditional knowledge [10]. Therefore, businesses that reap the benefits of these
systems must acknowledge that their financial success should not come at the expense of
environmental sustainability or social well-being. This awareness is particularly crucial in an era
where sustainability, ethical responsibility, and social accountability are increasingly vital
concerns for a wide array of stakeholders, including citizens, labor organizations, political
groups, NGOs, and regulatory authorities.

Supply chain management extends beyond the mechanisms that enable the movement of goods; it
is a significant force that redefines the relationship between humanity and the environment. The
processes by which natural resources are extracted, transported, and consumed have direct
consequences on local ecosystems and fundamentally alter the social and cultural practices of the
communities living within them. This creates a paradox: while logistical performance drives
market globalization and facilitates the movement of goods on an unprecedented scale, it also

DOI:10.5121/ijmvsc.2025.16101 1
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contributes to the homogenization of local customs, the weakening of cultural identities, and
increased vulnerability of traditional societies [27]. The long-term effects are wide-ranging,
affecting not only the economic realm but also social relationships and the environment. This
position paper seeks to explore the complex dynamics that propel the “logistical machine” in
reshaping cultures and landscapes, considering not only the immediate economic benefits—such
as the creation of a unified global trade space—but also the resulting social and ecological costs.
Central to this discussion is the question of whether logistical efficiency, despite its apparent
advantages, is truly compatible with a sustainable future.

The “logistical machine” concept refers to the complex network of infrastructures, technologies,
and organizational processes that facilitate the accelerated circulation of goods, resources, and
information on a global scale. It extends beyond a simple rationalization of flows; rather, it
constitutes a system that structures economic exchanges and power dynamics [24]. Beneath its
seemingly technical neutrality, the “logistical machine” represents a force of economic and
cultural homogenization, imposing global standards at the expense of local identities and
traditions. Through the intensification of trade, it erodes the autonomy of local economies and
marginalizes alternative practices, such as short supply chains, local production, and self-
sufficiency. Structured around the neo-liberal model [13], the “logistical machine” concentrates
power in the hands of dominant players, who set the standards and prioritize their interests, often
undermining social and environmental stability. Consequently, managing global supply chains is
not only about efficiency but also serves as a means of exerting control over local territories,
ways of life, and ecosystems, ultimately fostering increased reliance on transnational flows and
the uniformity of production and consumption practices.

The primary objective of this position paper is to critically analyze the far-reaching impact of
global supply chains on human societies, ecosystems, and local cultures. Rather than viewing
them solely through the lens of efficiency and flow optimization, this paper seeks to underscore
their role in structuring power relations, standardizing consumption patterns, and increasing
dependence on multinational corporations. My goal is to examine the profound and often
overlooked consequences of the “logistics machine,” which is actively shaping contemporary
economies by imposing a globalized model at the expense of local particularities, traditions, and
sustainable practices. To clarify these critical issues and illustrate key mechanisms in tangible
terms, this position paper integrates illustrative boxes—an approach increasingly adopted in
management research to provide relevant insights into complex phenomena. Several foundational
works on methodology, including Miles et al. [15] and Yin [30], emphasize the effectiveness of
illustrative boxes in enhancing comprehension, contextualizing theoretical discussions, and
strengthening argumentation in position papers. By incorporating this approach, I aim to make
the analysis more accessible, engaging, and empirically grounded.

This position paper addresses the primary objective in three main sections, each exploring a
different facet of the limits of the “logistical machine.” First, I examine the ecological impact of
the relentless drive toward ever-faster global supply chains, emphasizing the destruction of local
ecosystems, depletion of natural resources, and collapse of biodiversity. This highlights the fact
that, while the “logistical machine” enables an unprecedented acceleration in the circulation of
goods, it also incurs significant environmental costs, most of which remain largely invisible to
consumers. Second, I explore the social and cultural dimensions of this managerial reality,
analyzing how global supply chains foster the homogenization of consumer behavior and
lifestyles. Ancestral knowledge, often deeply rooted in sustainable relationships with nature, is
gradually being replaced by standardized, industrialized practices, creating a profound divide
between local cultures and globalized economic models. Third, I conclude by presenting the
“logistical machine” as an instrument of economic and cultural domination, emphasizing its

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pivotal role in the concentration of economic power and the increasing marginalization of local
economies.

2. GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS: ACCELERATING DISINTEGRATION

Since the 1980s, with the gradual triumph of neo-liberal policies, logistical performance has
become a key driver of market globalization. The pressure to meet growing global demand, with
increasingly impatient Western consumers sensitive to ultra-fast, low-cost procurement
systems [19], has led to the massive, uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources. This dynamic
is sustained using increasingly sophisticated logistical facilities, ranging from mega warehouses
to expansive international transport networks. The raw materials needed for sectors such as
fashion, high-tech, and automobiles—extracted on a massive scale—require rare metals, forests,
and oceans that were once preserved, but are now exploited to support mass production. The
intensification of consumption, driven by the efficiency of supply chain processes, is having
devastating effects on biodiversity, as it leads to the accelerated disappearance of certain natural
habitats and animal and plant species at an alarming rate [25]. By organizing a continuous flow of
goods across borders, the “logistical machine” is pushing ecosystems—already weakened by
centuries of human colonization and exploitation—toward a point of no return.

Historically supported by sustainable natural resource management practices, local economies are
now profoundly disrupted. Indigenous communities, who depend on nature for their subsistence
and cultural traditions, are witnessing their ways of life being progressively destroyed by the
dominance of global supply chains (see the Australian case studied by Lawrence et al. [9]).
Traditional agricultural systems, which rely on sustainable soil and forest management, are
increasingly threatened by the arrival of models that prioritize large-scale exploitation to the
detriment of the local environment. The “logistical machine” plays a central role in this process,
enabling multinational corporations to penetrate territories that were previously managed
autonomously by local communities. Rich in biodiversity and ancestral knowledge, these
territories are drained of their resources and replaced by monocultures or infrastructure projects
that serve external interests (see the Colombian case in Box 1). Ancestral knowledge, which
underpins integrated ecosystem and natural resource management, is slowly disappearing as
traditional communities abandon agricultural practices like subsistence farming and gathering in
favor of industrialized models—often incompatible with the preservation of biodiversity [28].
This phenomenon of substitution only widens the gap between local, sustainable cultures and
globalized, “productivist” ones.

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The speed with which global supply chains are deployed makes any attempt to turn back the
clock virtually impossible. The emphasis on mass production and instant consumption is
permanently changing the dynamic between human societies and the natural world. The neo-
liberal order, driven by cost optimization and the pursuit of short-term profitability for
shareholders, systematically disregards natural rhythms and cultural practices grounded in slow,
sustainable cycles. The global market, by disregarding these natural rhythms, follows a
homogenizing approach that fails to recognize the secondary consequences of rapid flows, such
as resource depletion, soil degradation, and the erosion of cultural traditions. Unfortunately, the
environmental and social costs of this model remain largely unseen, as local communities—often
the most vulnerable—lack the power and financial resources to challenge the “logistical
machine.” As we have seen in Brazil [5], as well as in Canada and the United States, the voices
of indigenous communities are frequently marginalized, and their knowledge is dismissed as
outdated in the face of market globalization. In short, the systematic exploitation of resources and
the rise of global supply chains are exacerbating inequalities while eroding cultures and
knowledge that have persisted for centuries.

3. GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS: DESTROYING ANCESTRAL KNOWLEDGE

As previously noted, one of the most damaging consequences of global supply chain dominance
is the gradual loss of ancestral knowledge, which plays a crucial role in preserving the balance
between humanity and the environment. This knowledge, passed down orally from generation to
generation, is based on the respectful and sustainable management of rare natural resources. In
many indigenous communities, farming, fishing, and forest management are not merely means of
subsistence, but practices deeply embedded in cosmogonies and belief systems that promote a
harmonious relationship with nature [29]. Integrated resource management systems have been
refined over centuries to ensure ecosystem sustainability, considering the resilience of the
environment. However, the expansion of global supply chains imposes resource extraction and
industrial production models that fragment and dismantle this accumulated knowledge. Faced
with shareholder pressure, ancestral practices are pushed to the periphery, dismissed as
ineffective or too slow relative to the financial returns expected from modern activities [6]. This
can be seen as a form of “progressive cultural decay,” accelerated by standardization policies that
favor one-size-fits-all methods, disregarding local specificities.

Rooted in cultural diversity and traditional knowledge, indigenous communities are now bearing
the full brunt of the “logistical machine” spawned by neo-liberalism (see Box 2). In many parts of
the world, short supply chains and circular economies, which emphasize the complementary
nature of different human activities, are vanishing under the pressure of industrial production and
large-scale physical distribution networks. In South America’s indigenous communities, for
instance, knowledge related to the cultivation and use of medicinal plants is rapidly disappearing
[4]. Younger generations, drawn by the economic opportunities offered by urban centers—such
as professional careers, leisure, and consumerism—are increasingly abandoning this knowledge
in favor of jobs in industrial or commercial sectors, where the connection to nature is severed.
Meanwhile, multinational corporations are extracting local resources on a massive scale to fuel
global supply chains, disregarding the sustainable practices that once ensured ecosystem
regeneration. This appropriation extends beyond raw material extraction; it is also leading to the
erosion of the cultural and social practices that have long structured indigenous communities.
Severed from their traditional environments, they are gradually losing their autonomy and
identity.

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The cultural and environmental devastation is accompanied by a notable disregard for ancestral
knowledge, which is frequently dismissed as obsolete when compared to modern science and
technology. In modern capitalist societies, knowledge is expected to be quantifiable, profitable,
and scalable. However, ancestral knowledge, grounded in empirical observation and oral
transmission, defies these criteria and is relegated to the realm of folklore or anthropological
curiosity [23]. Yet, this knowledge holds countless solutions to contemporary ecological
challenges, such as sustainable soil management, efficient water use, and biodiversity
preservation, to name just a few. Its disappearance, replaced by standardized, intensive practices,
only heightens the vulnerability of ecosystems and the societies that depend on them. By
narrowing the diversity of resource management systems, global supply chains accelerate a
process of standardization that, far from guaranteeing efficiency, exposes populations to
ecological and cultural risks [22]. The erasure or destruction of ancestral knowledge not only
results in the loss of heritage but also signifies the abandonment of a relationship with the world
built on sustainability and resilience.

4. GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS: REINFORCING ECONOMIC HEGEMONY

Beyond its role in ecological destruction, the “logistical machine” serves as a powerful tool for
the domination of the powerful over the weak, promoting a standardized vision of the world
shaped by the interests of large corporations, their shareholders, and international markets.
Production, distribution, and consumption standards are set by economic players who, often, pay
little attention to the specificities of indigenous communities, viewing the planet as a village, to
borrow McLuhan’s [14] famous expression. By marginalizing short supply chains and circular
systems, even as geopolitical tensions could one day pave the way for friend-shoring [18], the
“logistical machine” encourages increasing dependence on transnational flows, relegating local
cultures to “relics of the past.” Economic globalization, largely facilitated by logistical
infrastructure, leads to a homogenization of values, aspirations, and habitus [2]. The products
available on the market no longer reflect local identities but are instead aligned with international
standards dictated by profitability imperatives. The process of neo-liberalism not only contributes
to the erasure of particularities but also fosters growing dependence on multinational
corporations.

A prominent example of economic dominance is the industrialization of food, which turns

traditional products into standardized commodities, often conflicting with local production and
consumption methods. In regions like West Africa, where agriculture has historically relied on a

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diverse array of crops tailored to specific environmental conditions, the entry of large agri-
businesses has profoundly altered ecosystems and eating habits [17]. Local foodstuffs are
gradually being replaced by imported products or hybrid seeds reliant on chemical inputs, leaving
farmers vulnerable to global market fluctuations. By altering production methods and introducing
processed foods into daily diets, the agri-food industry is reshaping traditional diets and slowly
erasing culinary knowledge passed down through generations. The impact goes beyond nutrition:
it is also transforming the “social fabric” that surrounds food production and preparation,
replacing communal practices with individualized, market-driven models [12]. The dominance of
the agri-food industry demonstrates how the “logistical machine” plays a central role in global
cultural restructuring, to the detriment of the resilience and sustainability of local food systems.

By massifying flows and standardizing consumption patterns, the “logistical machine” establishes
an omnipresent hierarchy, gradually marginalizing territories and indigenous communities that do
not conform to globalized managerial norms [1]. Those who resist or are unable to adopt the
standards set by powerful economic forces are pushed into precarious positions, becoming
invisible in the idealized narrative of economic development. The neoliberal model, which
prioritizes short-term profitability at the cost of social and ecological balance, further
concentrates power in the hands of a few economic players. From this vantage point, global
supply chains are more than mere infrastructures facilitating the movement of goods worldwide;
they actively shape an economic hegemony that dictates not only what is produced but also how,
by whom, and for whom [16]. By enforcing a standardized consumer culture, the “logistical
machine” erodes local traditions and reinforces the dominance of multinational corporations over
individual and collective choices. As a result, it nurtures a world where cultural diversity is
increasingly sacrificed for economic efficiency, as illustrated by the example of Senegal (see
Box 3).

5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Each position paper presents an argument on a controversial issue or current debate, defending a
specific thesis while offering supporting evidence [20]. This is the objective of the present
position paper, which examines the far-reaching impact of the “logistical machine” on human
societies, the environment, and local cultures. In analyzing the rise of neo-liberal global supply
chains, I aim to highlight the profound destruction of ancestral knowledge, the degradation of
local ecosystems, and the homogenization of lifestyles driven by the imposition of global
standards. My analysis also reveals that the “logistical machine” plays a central role in economic
and cultural domination, enforcing a standardized approach to production, consumption, and the
exploitation of natural resources. This process is fueled by increasing standardization, continuous
optimization of flows, and a diminishing opportunity for local adaptation and resilience.
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Therefore, beyond a purely operational view of global supply chains, it is crucial to question the
negative consequences they bring, which ultimately shape global power dynamics and contribute
to the predatory extraction and unequal distribution of natural resources across different regions
of the world.

5.1. Contributions

Unlike many existing studies that focus primarily on the operational aspects of supply chains—
such as efficiency, profit, and flow optimization—this position paper shifts the focus to explore
the broader social and environmental consequences of global supply chains. While traditional
approaches often overlook or downplay the effects on indigenous knowledge, local ecosystems,
and cultural diversity, this analysis brings these frequently neglected dimensions to the forefront.
By highlighting the harmful impacts of global supply chains, this paper challenges conventional
views and advocates for a more inclusive recognition of neoliberal practices. Position papers, by
nature, do not rely on traditional empirical evidence, and this one follows that format. Instead of
presenting detailed case studies or quantitative data, it uses illustrative examples to underline the
larger trends and consequences of complex managerial situations. In the context of this position
paper, these examples aim to shed light on the negative effects of global supply chains on local
communities and ecosystems, offering qualitative evidence that fosters reflection and critical
engagement. While empirical studies, such as the work by Grivins et al. [7], provide valuable
data-driven insights, my contribution seeks to provoke thought on the broader, often-overlooked
consequences of supply chain management.

Theoretically, this position paper contributes to the discussion of the “logistical machine” by
offering a critical analysis of the environmental and social consequences of global supply chains.
It challenges traditional perspectives that focus primarily on optimizing flows and increasing
profitability, without addressing the negative consequences for indigenous communities and local
ecosystems. The key task is to propose a revision of the conventional paradigms related to supply
chain management, by introducing crucial dimensions largely overlooked by the managerial
doxa. The economic dominance facilitated by global supply chains has significant, often
detrimental, consequences for biodiversity and natural resource management systems. In short,
the position paper emphasizes the urgent need for a deeper knowledge of the power dynamics
behind globalized flows, along with the homogenization of cultures and lifestyles that they entail.
On a managerial level, supply chain managers must rethink their strategies, considering the
broader impacts of the “logistical machine” on local societies. This necessitates a reassessment of
traditional performance models in the light of pressing contemporary social, ecological, and
cultural challenges [11].

5.2. Extending Theoretical Foundations

One counterargument to this position is that global supply chains bring economic benefits, such
as job creation, technological advancements, and poverty reduction, particularly in developing
countries [26]. Proponents of globalization argue that supply chains increase access to goods,
improve living standards, and stimulate economic growth. While valid, these points do not
address the negative externalities of global supply chains, including environmental degradation,
cultural homogenization, and the erosion of indigenous knowledge. Thus, it is crucial to consider
both sides of the argument for a full understanding of the issue. To ground this crucial discussion,
future investigations could draw on Polanyi’s [21] work on embedded economies and Latour’s
[8] actor-network theory. Polanyi’s [21] “double movement” helps explain how societies resist
the excesses of market-driven supply chains, while Latour’s [8] framework highlights the
interplay between technological infrastructures and social dynamics. These perspectives offer
insights into the power dynamics in global supply chains and their impact on marginalized
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communities. By incorporating these ideas, researchers can enrich the discourse on the “logistical
machine” and its consequences, fostering more nuanced discussions on how to reform supply
chain practices in a socially and ecologically responsible way.

5.3. Research Avenues

Four research avenues must be explored to identify supply chain issues in an increasingly
complex, turbulent, and volatile global context. The first research avenue involves investigating
credible alternatives to globalization, such as short supply chains, circular economies, and local
production systems, which could provide solutions to the environmental and social problems
exacerbated by global supply chains. The second research avenue focuses on exploring
innovative approaches that integrate social justice into the functioning of the “logistical
machine,” empowering indigenous communities and preserving ancestral knowledge wherever
possible. The third research avenue examines natural resource governance mechanisms that
respect ecosystems and local cultures, aiming to create more sustainable and equitable practices.
Finally, the fourth research avenue explores the resilience of local production systems against
disruptions caused by global supply chains, highlighting efforts that protect natural resources and
foster sustainable development. By addressing these different areas, academic investigations can
uncover strategies that offer a more balanced approach, fostering both economic efficiency and
the well-being of local communities and the environment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers from the
International Journal of Managing Value & Supply Chains on an earlier draft of my position
paper, which significantly contributed to improving and clarifying several arguments.

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AUTHOR
Gilles Paché is a professor of retailing and logistics at Aix-Marseille University,
France. Director of research at the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche en Gestion
d’Aix-Marseille (CERGAM Lab), he has published 24 books and more than
650 papers on supply chain management, distribution channels and corporate
strategy. The articles of professor Paché have appeared in journals such as Journal
of Business Strategy, European Business Review, Supply Chain Forum: An
International Journal, Journal of Cleaner Production, International Journal of
Managing Value & Supply Chains and Harvard Business Review France.

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