Math 10
Goals:
At the end of the period, the learners
are expected to:
1. define and describe an arithmetic
sequence ;
2. find the nth term of a given
arithmetic sequence; and
3. determine the arithmetic means
between terms of an arithmetic
sequence.
Arithmetic
Sequence
ACTIVITY:
Determine if there is a common
difference in each of the following
sequence.
a. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …
b. 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, …
c. -2, 4, -8, 16, -32 …
Answers:
State whether each of the following
sequence is arithmetic or not..
a. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, … YES
b. 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, … NOT
c. -2, 4, -8, 16, -32 … NOT
DEFINITION:
Arithmetic Sequence
A sequence where every
term after the first term
is obtained by adding a
constant called the
common difference.
GENERAL RULE:
Formula for the nth term of an
Arithmetic Sequence
The nth term or an of an arithmetic
sequence if first term a1 and common
difference d are known is given by:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
EXAMPLE 1:
Write a formula for the nth term of the
given arithmetic sequence.
12, 19, 26, 33, 40, …
Solution:
Each term is 7 more than the previous term,
so d=7. Since a = 12, the nth term is:
an = 7n + 5
EXAMPLE 2:
1. Find the 15th term of the arithmetic sequence
18, 22, 26, 30, 34, …
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
Solution: Given: a1 = 18; d = 22 - 18 = 4; and n = 15
an = a1 + (n – 1 ) d
a15 = 18 + (15 – 1) 4
a15 = 18 + 14 (4)
a15 = 74
EXAMPLE 2:
2. In the arithmetic sequence
8, 14, 20, 26, 32,.. , which term is 122?
Solution: Find n when an = 122
Let a1 = 8; d = 6; and an = 122
an = a1 + (n – 1) d Formula for the nth of
an arithmetic sequence
122 = 8 + (n – 1)6 Substitute the known quantities
122 = 8 + 6n - 6 Apply the distributive property
120 = 6n Combine like terms
n = 20 Divide both sides by 6
Thus, 122 is the 20th term.
EXAMPLE 3:
1. Insert four arithmetic means between
14 and 44
Solution: Look for numbers m1, m2, m3, m4
such that 14, m1, m2, m3, m4, 44
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
a6 = a1 + (6 – 1) d
44 = 14 + 5d
30 = 5d
d = 6
EXAMPLE 3:
Insert four arithmetic means between
14 and 44
Solution: Look for numbers m1, m2, m3, m4
such that 14, m1, m2, m3, m4, 44
Since d = 6, we have:
m1 = a1 + d m2= m1 + d m3= m2 + d m4= m3 + d
m1 = 14 + 6 m2= 20 + 6 m3= 26 + 6 m4= 32 + 6
m1 = 20 m2= 26 m3= 32 m4= 38
Thus, the four arithmetic means between
14 and 44 are 20, 26, 32 and 38.
EXAMPLE 3:
2. Insert two arithmetic means between
x + y and 4x – 2y
Solution: Look for terms m1, m2
such that x + y, m1, m2, 4x – 2y
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
a4 = a1 + (4 – 1) d
4x – 2y = x + y + 3d
3x – 3y = 3d
d = x–y
EXAMPLE 3:
2. Insert two arithmetic means between
x + y and 4x – 2y
Solution: Look for terms m1, m2
such that x + y, m1, m2, 4x – 2y
d = x–y
m1 = (x + y) + (x – y) = 2x
m2 = 2x+ (x – y) = 3x – y
To check:
a4 = (3x – y) + (x – y) = 4x – 2y
DEFINITION:
Arithmetic Mean/s
The terms between any
two nonconsecutive
terms of an arithmetic
sequence
PRACTICE 1: Try this.
1. In the arithmetic sequence
9, 11, 13, 15, 17, … ,
a. write a formula for the nth term,
b. find its 12th term, and
c. which term is 47?
2. Insert three arithmetic means
between 11 and 39.
3. Insert two arithmetic means
between x – 4 and 4x + 5.
Goals: Day 2
At the end of the period, the learners
are expected to:
1. find the sum of the terms of an
arithmetic sequence ; and
2. solve problems involving arithmetic
sequence and arithmetic series.
EXAMPLE 4:
Find the sum of the first 25 terms of the
arithmetic sequence 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, … .
Solution: First, find a25
with a1 = 18; d = 5; and n = 25
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
a25 = 18 + (25 – 1) 5
a25 = 18 + (24)5
a25 = 18 + 120
a25 = 138
Thus, 138 is the 25th term.
EXAMPLE 4:
Find the sum of the first 25 terms of the
arithmetic sequence 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, … .
Solution: Solve for S25
Sn = n/2 (a1 + an)
S25 = 25/2 (18 + 138)
S25 = 25/2 (156)
S25 = 1 950
Therefore, the sum of the first 25 terms of
the given arithmetic sequence is 1 950.
EXAMPLE 5:
What is the sum of the numbers between 7
and 501 which are divisible by 5?
Solution:
Since we want numbers that are divisible by
5, we let the common difference be d = 5.
Also, let a1 = 10 and an = 500, where n is the
number of multiples of 5 between 7 and
501.
Substituting these values into the formula
of the general term, we will have…
EXAMPLE 5:
What is the sum of the numbers between 7
and 501 which are divisible by 5?
Solution: Solve for n.
an = a1 + (n – 1) d
500 = 10 + (n – 1) 5
500 = 10 + 5n - 5
495 = 5n
99 = n
Thus, there are 99 numbers between
7 and 501 that are divisible by 5..
EXAMPLE 5:
What is the sum of the numbers between 7
and 501 which are divisible by 5?
Solution: Solving for the sum;
Sn = n/2 (a1 + an)
S99 = 99/2 (10 + 500)
S99 = 99/2 (510)
S99 = 25, 245
Therefore, the sum of 99 numbers which
are divisible by 5 from 7 to 501 is 25 245.
DEFINITION:
Arithmetic Series
Arithmetic series refers to
the sum of the n terms of
an arithmetic sequence.
Sn = n/2 (a1 + an)
PRACTICE 2: Try this.
1. Find the sum of each of the
following:
a. integers from 1 to 50
b. the first 25 terms of the arithmetic
sequence 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, …
c. odd integers from 1 to 100.
2. Find the sum of the first 50 terms of
the arithmetic sequence if the first term
is 21 and the 20th term is 154.
PRACTICE 2: Try this.
Solve the given problem and show the solutions:
3. A portion of a popular Christmas
song is, “On the 12th day of
Christmas, my true love sent to me:”
How many gifts are given on the 12th
day of Christmas ?
SEATWORK NO. 2: Day 3
Answer the following.
1. Find a formula for the nth term of the given
arithmetic sequence if the common difference is 5
and the first term is 5.
2. Find the 28th term of the arithmetic sequence
16, 20, 24, 28, 32, …
3. In the arithmetic sequence
6, 12, 18, 24, 30,.. , which term is 120?
4. Insert four arithmetic means between 15 and 45.
SEATWORK NO. 2:
Answer the following.
5. Find the sum of the first 100
positive even numbers.
6. The Santa Rosa City auditorium
has 20 rows of seats. The first row
contains 20 seats, the second row
contains 22 seats, the third row
contains 24 seats, and so on. How
many seats are there in the last row?
