KEY AND SOLUTIONS

Botany

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) 1 (5) 2 (6) 4 (7) 2 (8) 2 (9) 2 (10) 2

(11) 3 (12) 4 (13) 3 (14) 1 (15) 2 (16) 2 (17) 1 (18) 1 (19) 4 (20) 1

(21) 1 (22) 2 (23) 4 (24) 2 (25) 2 (26) 2 (27) 3 (28) 1 (29) 3 (30) 2

(31) 4 (32) 4 (33) 4 (34) 4 (35) 1 (36) 3 (37) 4 (38) 4 (39) 1 (40) 3

(41) 3 (42) 2 (43) 1 (44) 3 (45) 3

Zoology
(46) 2 (47) 4 (48) 3 (49) 3 (50) 3

(51) 1 (52) 1 (53) 2 (54) 2 (55) 4 (56) 1 (57) 3 (58) 3 (59) 4 (60) 1

(61) 1 (62) 2 (63) 1 (64) 3 (65) 2 (66) 2 (67) 3 (68) 2 (69) 1 (70) 1

(71) 2 (72) 4 (73) 4 (74) 3 (75) 3 (76) 2 (77) 1 (78) 2 (79) 2 (80) 1

(81) 4 (82) 4 (83) 3 (84) 1 (85) 4 (86) 4 (87) 2 (88) 4 (89) 3 (90) 4

Physics

(91) 1 (92) 1 (93) 2 (94) 3 (95) 1 (96) 3 (97) 1 (98) 4 (99) 4 (100) 3

(101) 3 (102) 2 (103) 1 (104) 1 (105) 1 (106) 3 (107) 4 (108) 4 (109) 2 (110) 4

(111) 2 (112) 2 (113) 4 (114) 4 (115) 1 (116) 2 (117) 3 (118) 4 (119) 1 (120) 3

(121) 1 (122) 3 (123) 1 (124) 1 (125) 1 (126) 1 (127) 3 (128) 1 (129) 1 (130) 4

(131) 3 (132) 2 (133) 3 (134) 4 (135) 2

Chemistry
(136) 3 (137) 4 (138) 1 (139) 1 (140) 4

(141) 4 (142) 2 (143) 3 (144) 1 (145) 3 (146) 1 (147) 2 (148) 1 (149) 2 (150) 3

(151) 1 (152) 1 (153) 3 (154) 2 (155) 2 (156) 3 (157) 4 (158) 4 (159) 4 (160) 4

(161) 1 (162) 3 (163) 2 (164) 3 (165) 1 (166) 2 (167) 2 (168) 4 (169) 1 (170) 3

(171) 1 (172) 4 (173) 2 (174) 3 (175) 3 (176) 3 (177) 4 (178) 3 (179) 3 (180) 2
Sr Elite NEET Final Phase Revision (P1) NEET GT-01

SOLUTION
Botany (2) Frederick Griffin th conducted an experiment with
Section A Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria that led to the
1.1 Discovery of transformation.
The process of splicing represents dominance of RNA world (4) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty made a significant contribution
to the understanding of DNA as the genetic
2.2
Material. They conducted biochemical experiment to understand
Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods
the genetic material.
3.2
12 . 4
The purpose of the given diagram is to precipitate and collect
Mustard, Sunflower and China rose have alternate phyllotaxy,
high-molecular weight DNA.
showing a single leaf arises at each node.
4.1
It occurs in many prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes like
Calotropis
yeast also.
and Guava have opposite phyllotaxy showing two leaves at each
5.2 node.
Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of
(A).
Alstonia has whorled phyllotaxy, showing more than two leaves
A is true. Gingelly oil remains as oil at room temperature. at each node.

R is true. Oils remain as oils (liquids) at room temperature 13 . 3

because they are composed of unsaturated fatty acids, which Statement I: Both DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase
have double bonds. catalyze polymerization in only one direction, that is 5’→3’ -
correct statement.
6.4 Statement II: Both DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are
Musturd is a member of Brassicaceae and hence show involved during the replication of DNA as well as transcription
tetramerous flowers, parietal placentation in the ovary, and processes - incorrect statement because DNA polymerase is
siliqua type of fruit. involved during the replication of DNA, while RNA polymerase
is involved during the transcription.
7.2
Fimbriae are the small bristle-like fibres sprouting out of the cell. 14 . 1
Chinarose flower has monoadelphous stamens - correct
8.2
statement.
*Cytotaxonomy* is based on cytological information like
In Chinarose flower, the filaments of stamens are fused into a
chromosome structure, number and behaviour.
sngle bundle - a correct statement and, at the same time, an
9.2 explanation to the above statement.
6 generations are required to produce 64 cells by mitotic
divisions from a single meristematic cell.
15 . 2
A. Adenovirus causes respiratory infections - True.
B. The ‘Roquefort cheese’ is ripened by growing a specific
10 . 2
bacterium on them - False because the ‘Roquefort cheese’ is
Statement I: Prosthetic groups are organic compounds which
ripened by growing a specific fungus on them
are tightly bound to the apoenzyme - true.
C. The LAB plays very beneficial role in checking disease-
SStatement II: Apoenzyme may be an organic or
causing microbes - True.
inorganic component - false because Apoenzyme is the inactive
D. Acetobacter aceti is a good source of citric acid - False
protein part and becomes active only after it associates with the
because Acetobacter aceti is a good source of acetic acid, while
co-factor. Proteins are always organic components, while co-
Aspergillus niger is a good source of citric acid.
factors may be organic or inorganic components.
16 . 2
11 . 3
If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase fi rest proposed the
then protein is known as recombinant protein
unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material through their
transduction experiment on bacteriophage. 17 . 1
(1) Wilkins and Franklin contributed to the discovery of DNA’s In the dicot root the vascular cambium originates from the tissue
structure through their work on X-ray crystallography. located below the phloem bundles and a portion of pericycle

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tissue above protoxylem. 25 . 2

DNA in the cell does not replicate during G1 phase, but replicates
18 . 1
during S phase.
(i) Blood groups A and B can be due to dominance - correct,
because these blood groups can be expressed in heterozygous 26 . 2
condition also. Assertion (A): Chromosomes become gradually visible under
(ii) Blood group AB can be due to the co-dominance - correct, light microscope during the leptotene stage - true statement.
because both dominant alleles express in AB blood group.
Reason (R): The beginning of diplotene stage is recognized by
(iii) All the multiple alleles can be observed in the O blood group
dissolution of the synaptonemal complex true statement.
- incorrect, because any blood group is due to combination of
any two alleles only, while multiple alleles can be observed only Here, R is not the explanation for A.
in the group of individuals or in a population.
(iv) Blood groups AB and O can due to Incomplete dominance - 27 . 3
incorrect because no blood group is due to incomplete Ans - 3 (A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II)
dominance. (A) i gene (III) Repressor
(B) z gene (I) ß - galactosidase
19 . 4
(C) a gene (IV) Transacetylase
(a) No amino acid has more than four codons - incorrect because
(D) y gene (II) Permease
Leucine, Serine and Arginine have six codons each.
(b) The genetic code is degenerate and nearly universal - correct.
(c) Three codons act as stop codons - correct.
28 . 1
(d) The codon UGG codes for methionine - incorrect because
Xylem and Phloem constitute the complex tissues in plants.
the codon UGG codes for Tryptophan.
29 . 3
20 . 1
Bt toxin kills insects by creating pores in the midgut epithelial
Ans - 1(A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I)
cells, leading to cell swelling and lysis.
High powered Dissolution of unit
A II 30 . 2
detergents membranes
Polymerase Chain
B III Primer annealing
Reaction
C pBR 322 IV Synthetic vector
Sticky ended
D I Restriction enzyme
fragments

21 . 1
In the figure, the false fruit is thalamus, labelled C.
is the chief pigment associated with photosynthesis Chlorophyll-
(1) A is mesocarp.
a
(2) B is endocarp.
22 . 2 (4) D is seed.
Thomas Hunt Morgan experimentally verified the chromosomal
31 . 4
theory of inheritance
A. DNA is loaded onto agarose gel towards the anode terminal -
23 . 4 False because DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules.
Yellow pod of pea plant is a recessive trait, and is expressed in They can be separated by forcing them to move towards the
homozygous condition only . anode.
B. DNA fragments are stained by acetocarmine - False because
24 . 2 DNA fragments are stained by ethidium bromide.
Phytohormone responsible for ‘Respiratory climactic‘ is C. The smaller the size of a DNA fragment, the longer is the
ethylene. It is also responsible for senescence and abscission of distance it travels through it - True.
plant organs. D. Pure DNA cannot be visualized directly by exposing to UV
radiation without any staining -.True
Cytokinins are responsible for lateral shoot growth and
adventitious shoot formation. 32 . 4
Ans - 4 (A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III)
Gibberellins are responsible for elongation and improvement of
the shape of fruits like apples.
(A) Terpenoides II Diterpenes
Auxins are responsible for preventing the abscission of leaves
(B) Lectins IV Concanavalin A
and fruits at early stages but promoting the same in older and (C) Alkaloids I Codeine
mature stages (D) Toxins III Ricin

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33 . 4
Maize and Sorghum are C4 plants, so they have RUBP and PEP D. In ascending hierarchy, the difficulty of classification
as CO2 acceptors in their bundle sheath cells and mesophyll decreases - false because in ascending hierarchy, the difficulty of
cells, respectively. classification increases

Tomato and bell pepper are C3 plants having only RUBP as a

CO2 acceptor in their mesophyll cells.
41 . 3
34 . 4 Statement I: Endosperm is not completely consumed by the
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another developing embryo in castor - correct, castor is an example of
flower of the same plant, is called geitonogamy. Although endospermic seed.
geitonogamy is functionally cross-pollination involving a
Statement II: Filiform apparatus present on the micropylar side
pollinating agent, genetically it is similar to autogamy since the
of the embryo guides the entry of the pollen tube - incorrect
pollen grains come from the same plant.
because filiform apparatus present on the micropylar side of the
35 . 1 embryosac guides the entry of the pollen tube. Filiform apparatus
It belongs to the kingdom Protista according to a five-kingdom is found in the synergids of the embryosac but not in the embryo.
classification, because the given diagram belongs to Gonyaulax
42 . 2
under dinoflagellates.
A. Two turns of Krebs’ cycle occur per each glucose molecule
As it is a protistan organism, it contains membrane-bound cell consumed during aerobic respiration - true.
organelles. B. Each turn of Krebs’ cycle produces three NADH, one FADH2
and one ATP molecule - true.
Diatoms form diatomaceous earth after their death.
C. Complete aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria -
It moves with the help of two flagella - one is arranged in false because Complete aerobic respiration does not occur in the
longitudinal groove and the other in transverse groove. mitochondria, and part of it occurs in the cytoplasm also.
D. Water molecule is the final electron and proton acceptor in the
36 . 3 E.T.S of the mitochondria - false because oxygen acts as the final
Proteins - 10-15% to the total cellular mass electron and proton acceptor in the E.T.S of the mitochondria.

37 . 4 43 . 1
The correct sequence of events during mitosis is - a, d, c, b. Ans - 1 (A - III, B - II, C - I, D - IV)

(a) Disappearance of nuclear envelope (Prophase). A) Psilopsida III) Psilotum

B) Lycopsida II) Selaginella
(d) Alignment of chromosomes on equatorial plate (Metaphase). C) Sphenopsida I) Equisetum
D) Pteropsida IV) Dryopteris
(c) Movement of chromatids to opposite poles (Anaphase).

(b) Conversion of chromosome clusters into chromatin

(Telophase). 44 . 3
Assertion (A): In eukaryotes, the negatively charged DNA is
wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a
38 . 4 nucleosome - correct statement.
Synthesis of steroidal hormones is not related to the functions of
the Golgi apparatus, and it is related to the SER. Reason (R): In prokaryotes, the positively charged DNA is held
with some negatively charged proteins in a region called nucleoid
39 . 1 - an incorrect statement because In prokaryotes, the negatively
Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or charged DNA is held with some positively charged non-histone
phases of life to form different kinds of structures. This ability is proteins in a region called nucleoid. DNA is negative, and the
called plasticity packaging proteins are positive.

40 . 3 45 . 2
A. Animals, mammals, and dogs represent taxa at different levels Fimbriae are the small bristle-like fibres sprouting out of the
- true bacterial cell. They are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks
in streams and also to the host tissues.
B. Biological names are generally derived from Greek - false
because biological names are generally derived from Latin. Zoology
Section A
C. A group of related genera comprises a family - true
46 . 2

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B-cells are part of the humoral immune response. They produce D) Lungs: The Amazon rainforest is called the "lungs of the
antibodies that neutralise pathogens. They also form memory B- planet" because it produces a significant portion of the Earth's
cells, providing long-term immunity. oxygen through photosynthesis.

T-cells are part of the cell-mediated immune response. They do 53 . 2

not produce antibodies. Instead, they directly attack infected cells Cnidaria exhibits radial symmetry in both larval and adult stages.
or activate other immune cells. Cytotoxic T-cells kill infected or
However, Echinodermata displays bilateral symmetry in the
abnormal cells, while Helper T-cells support other immune cells.
larval stage and only becomes radially symmetrical in the adult
They also form memory T-cells for future responses.
stage.
47 . 4
54 . 2
The carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a
Thrombin is actually a single enzyme, not an enzyme complex.
species that an environment can sustain indefinitely, given the
Its primary role is to catalyze the conversion of fibrinogen into
availability of resources such as food, water, and shelter. In this
fibrin, which forms the mesh-like network of a blood clot.
case, even when resources were abundant, the deer population
never exceeded 120, indicating that 120 deer is the carrying Thromobokinase is an enzyme complex which converts
capacity for that forest ecosystem. prothrombin to thrombin.

48 . 3 55 . 4
During the depolarisation phase of an action potential, voltage- A. The cranial capacity of Java man is more than that of Homo
gated sodium (Na⁺) channels open, allowing sodium ions to rush habilis but less than that of Neanderthal man.
into the axon. This influx of positively charged sodium ions B. The Neanderthal man was the first to practice the rituals of
makes the inside of the neuron more positive compared to the burying dead bodies.
outside, causing depolarisation. C. The skull of baby chimpanzee is more like adult human skull
than adult chimpanzee skull.
49 . 3
D. Hominid evolution demonstrates a transition from a
Areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue that
herbivorous diet to an omnivorous one, facilitated by the
provides support and flexibility. It is found beneath the epithelial
development of hunting and tool use.
tissue, attaching it to underlying structures and providing
nutrients and waste removal. It also contains fibroblasts, 56 . 1
collagen, and elastic fibers, making it strong yet flexible. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A).
Bone tissue is the primary tissue that provides a structural
framework to the body. In honeybees, drones (males) develop from unfertilised eggs
Ligaments connect bones to bones. Tendons connect muscles to through a process called parthenogenesis. Since the egg is
bones. unfertilised, it contains only the haploid set of chromosomes
Bones interact with skeletal muscles attached to them to bring from the mother, meaning drones have no fathers.
about movements.
Female honeybees (workers and queens), on the other hand,
50 . 3 develop from fertilised eggs and are diploid.
Sertoli cells are specialised cells found in the seminiferous
tubules of the testes. Their primary function is to nourish and 57 . 3
support the developing male germ cells (spermatogonia) In the test tube baby process (IVF), the gametes are allowed to
throughout the process of spermatogenesis. undergo fertilization in a laboratory (in vitro) and later the zygote
is transferred to the human body for further development:
51 . 1
A-I Chromosome 1 2968 genes Zygotes up to 8 cell stages are transferred into the fallopian
B - III Chromosome 11 HBB gene tube (ZIFT).
C - IV Chromosome X Dystrophin gene An 8-16-cell staged embryo is transferred to the uterus
D - II Chromosome Y 231 genes (IUT).

52 . 1 58 . 3
A) Angiosperms: Represent the most significant number of Ecological pyramids are actually based on food chains, not food
species in the plant kingdom. webs, which makes them less accurate in representing complex
ecosystems. Food webs, on the other hand, offer a more realistic
B) Poles: Species diversity decreases as we move from the
depiction by showing the interconnected feeding relationships in
equator towards the poles.
an ecosystem.
C) Co-extinction: The extinction of one species due to the loss of
59 . 4
another species with which it has an obligatory relationship.

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During contraction, the actin (thin) filaments slide over the The genetically modified lymphocytes were then
myosin (thick) filaments, which causes increased overlap reintroduced into the patient’s body.
between the thick and thin filaments. Thus, the zone of overlap
65 . 2
increases in length.
a. The hepatic caeca are actually located at the junction of the
During muscle contraction: foregut and midgut, not at the midgut-hindgut junction.

I-band shortens (because thin filaments slide inward). b. The respiratory system consists of a network of tracheae that
H-zone shortens (since thick filaments get covered by thin open through ten pairs of spiracles.
filaments).
c. The haemolymph in cockroaches is colourless due to the
Sarcomere shortens (because Z-discs move closer).
absence of respiratory pigments, not due to a lack of
Zone of overlap increases (since actin filaments slide deeper
haemocytes.
into the A-band, overlapping more with myosin).
A-band remains the same (because the length of thick d. The Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs in
filaments does not change). cockroaches. They absorb nitrogenous waste and convert it into
uric acid, which is excreted through the hindgut.
60 . 1
Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are e. The brain is represented by supra-oesophageal ganglia, which
ammonotelic in nature. Ammonia, as it is readily soluble, is supply nerves to the antennae and compound eyes.
generally excreted by diffusion across body surfaces or through
gill surfaces (in fish) as ammonium ions. 66 . 2
The menstrual cycle follows a specific sequence of hormonal and
61 . 1 physiological changes leading to ovulation and preparation for
Dengue is caused by flavivirus. Diphtheria is caused by the possible pregnancy. The correct order of events is:
bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Ringworm is caused by
fungus. (C) → The hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH), stimulating the pituitary gland.
62 . 2 (D) → A surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is triggered by
Collar cells (choanocytes) are flagellated cells in increasing oestrogen levels, leading to ovulation.
A-
sponges (e.g., Sycon), responsible for creating
II (E) → The mature Graafian follicle ruptures, releasing the egg
water currents.
Flame cells are excretory structures found in from the ovary.
B-
flatworms like Fasciola (liver fluke), involved (B) → The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum,
III
in osmoregulation. which secretes hormones.
Claspers are paired reproductive organs in male
C- (A) → The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which is
cartilaginous fish like Pristis (sawfish), used for
IV crucial for maintaining the endometrium.
internal fertilization.
D - Scutes are bony external plates or scales found (F) → Progesterone supports the growth and maintenance of the
I in reptiles like alligators, providing protection. uterine lining, preparing it for implantation.

63 . 1 67 . 3
Sauropsids are a group that includes reptiles and birds. They Statement I is correct. Turner’s syndrome (45, X) and
evolved along a separate evolutionary line from mammals, and Klinefelter’s syndrome (47, XXY) are both caused by aneuploidy
they are not the ancestors of mammals. Synapsids were the first (abnormal number of sex chromosomes). This results from non-
group to branch off from reptiles and are considered ancestors of disjunction during meiosis, leading to gametes with missing or
mammals. extra sex chromosomes.

Early Synapsids → Pelycosaurs → Therapsids → Mammals Statement II is incorrect. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder
caused by mutations in either the α-globin or β-globin genes of
64 . 3
haemoglobin. Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a specific
Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
mutation in the β-globin gene (HBB gene), leading to abnormal
Gene therapy is a technique used to treat or prevent genetic haemoglobin (HbS). Since sickle-cell anaemia affects the β-
disorders by introducing functional genes into the patient's cells globin chain and not the α-globin chain.
to replace or repair defective ones. It is used for conditions like
68 . 2
ADA-SCID, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia.
Assertion (A) is true. Energy flow in an ecosystem is
In the first clinical gene therapy (1990) for ADA-SCID unidirectional. Energy in an ecosystem follows a one-way
(Adenosine Deaminase Severe Combined Immunodeficiency): (unidirectional) flow from the Sun → Producers → Primary
consumers → Higher consumers. Unlike nutrients, energy is not
Lymphocytes were removed from the patient’s body.
recycled; it moves in a single direction and cannot be reused by
A functional ADA gene was introduced into these cells in
previous trophic levels.
vitro using a retroviral vector.

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Reason (R) is also correct. According to the Second Law of C- The coxal bone (hip bone) is a part of the pelvic
Thermodynamics, energy transfer is never 100% efficient. At III girdle, which supports the lower limbs.
D- The clavicle (collar bone) connects the sternum
each trophic level, a significant amount of energy is lost as heat
II to the shoulder, providing structural support.
due to metabolism, respiration, and other biological activities.
Only about 10% of the energy is passed on to the next level (10% 74 . 3
Law of Energy Transfer). During hemodialysis, the movement of toxic waste products
(such as urea, creatinine, and excess salts) from the blood into
(R) does not explain (A), because energy loss at each trophic
the dialysis fluid occurs through the process of diffusion.
level explains why less energy is available at higher levels, but it
does not directly explain why energy flow is unidirectional. Concentration Gradient: The dialysis fluid is designed to
Unidirectional flow occurs because energy from the Sun cannot have no waste products (or a much lower concentration of
be recycled back into producers—it is constantly being used and them) compared to the blood.
lost. Passive Movement: Due to this concentration difference,
waste products passively move from the blood (higher
69 . 1
concentration) into the dialysis fluid (lower concentration).
A- The larynx (voice/sound box) contains vocal
I cords and is responsible for sound production. Semi-Permeable Membrane: The dialysis membrane allows
The diaphragm is the primary muscle for only small molecules (wastes, excess ions, and water) to
B-
inspiration; its contraction increases lung pass through while preventing the loss of important proteins
IV
volume for inhalation. and blood cells.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where
C-
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs 75 . 3
III
between air and blood. Lichens are a mutualistic association between
Carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that detect A-
D- fungus and algae/cyanobacteria, where both
changes in blood carbon dioxide, H+ ions, IV
II benefit.
helping regulate respiration. Cattle egrets benefit by feeding on insects stirred
B-
up by cattle, while cattle remain unaffected
70 . 1 II
(commensalism).
Statement I is correct. Mutualism is a type of interaction where C- The tiger (predator) hunts and kills the deer
both species benefit from the relationship. Example: Lichen III (prey) for food.
(association of algae and fungi) and pollination by bees (bees get Penicillium produces penicillin, which
D-
harms/kills bacteria, while Penicillium itself
nectar, and flowers get pollinated). I
remains unaffected (amensalism).
Statement II is also correct. Competition occurs when two
76 . 2
species compete for the same limited resources, such as food,
Tidal Volume (TV) → 500 mL
space, or light. Since resources are limited, both species suffer
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) → 1000 - 1100 mL
reduced growth, survival, or reproduction. Example: Interspecific
Residual Volume (RV) → 1100 - 1200 mL
competition between lions and hyenas for prey.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) (RV + ERV) → 2100 - 2300
71 . 2 mL
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered Vital Capacity (VC) (TV + IRV + ERV) → 4000 - 4500 mL
relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of Ascending Order: C(TV)<B(ERV)<A(RV)<E(FRC)<D(VC)
pregnancy.
77 . 1
72 . 4 Diuresis (loss of excess water through urine) is prevented by
Structures present in female frogs: ADH released from pars nervosa.
(A) Oviducts → Present in female frogs; they transport eggs MSH and FSH do not play a role in electrolyte balance.
from the ovaries to the cloaca. ANF promotes diuresis.
(B) Vocal sacs → Absent in females; only male frogs have vocal
78 . 2
sacs for calling mates. GnRH is a releasing hormone from the
A-
(C) Fat bodies → Present in both males and females; they hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary to
II
provide energy, especially during reproduction. release FSH and LH.
(D) Ureters → Present in both sexes; they transport urine from Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, lowers
B-
blood calcium levels (hypocalcemic effect) by
the kidneys to the cloaca. III
inhibiting bone resorption.
(E) Urinogenital ducts → Absent in females; only males have Epinephrine, secreted by the adrenal medulla,
these ducts, which carry both urine and sperm. C-I triggers the fight or flight response by increasing
heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability.
73 . 4 Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, lowers blood
D-
A- The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and glucose levels (hypoglycemic effect) by
IV
IV strongest bone in the human body. promoting glucose uptake in cells.
The stapes (ear bone) is the smallest bone in the
B-I 79 . 2
human body, found in the middle ear.

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Bloody stool with mucus is a characteristic of Reason (R) is also correct and explains (A). Both procedures are
A-
amoebiasis. Stool test helps in detection of highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, reversing
III
trophozoites and cysts.
them (vasovasostomy for vasectomy & tubal reanastomosis for
The diagnostic test for typhoid is the Widal test,
B-I which detects antibodies against Salmonella tubectomy) is difficult and not always successful. Due to poor
typhi. reversibility, they are advised as terminal methods only for those
C- AIDS can be screened by ELISA, to detect HIV certain about their decision.
IV antibodies.
Cancer can be diagnosed by biopsy, which 85 . 4
D-
involves examining a sample of tissue for
II (A) Oxytocin is not secreted by the anterior pituitary; it is
abnormal cells.
secreted by the posterior pituitary. Oxytocin does not stimulate
80 . 1 milk production; instead, it stimulates milk ejection (let-down
Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm formation in males, reflex).
occurring in the seminiferous tubules of the testes:
(B) Glucagon (from alpha cells of the pancreas) stimulates
(A) In spermatogenesis, a single primary spermatocyte (2n) glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) in the liver,
undergoes meiosis I to form two haploid secondary increasing blood sugar levels.
spermatocytes (n). These then undergo meiosis II, producing four
(C) Cortisol is not produced by the adrenal medulla; it is
haploid spermatids, which mature into four functional
produced by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol has an
spermatozoa (sperm cells).
immunosuppressive effect, but it does not directly stimulate RBC
(B) In oogenesis (egg formation in females), meiosis produces production. Erythropoietin (EPO), secreted by the kidneys,
one functional ovum and two or three non-functional polar stimulates RBC production.
bodies.
(D) CCK, secreted by the duodenum, stimulates gallbladder
(C) Spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout contraction, releasing bile into the intestine for fat digestion.
life, even in old age, though the rate may decline.
(E) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone resorption
(D) Spermatogenesis does not start during embryonic (breakdown of bone) to release calcium into the blood,
development. Instead, it begins at puberty due to the activation of maintaining calcium homeostasis.
hormones like FSH and LH.
86 . 4
81 . 4 Spongilla (a freshwater sponge) reproduces by
A-
Scenario A: Faster rabbits have a survival advantage as they can internal fertilisation, and its development is
IV
indirect.
evade predators more effectively. Over generations, the
Pleurobrachia (a ctenophore) undergoes
population shifts towards one extreme (faster running speeds), B-
external fertilisation, and its development is
II
illustrating directional selection. indirect.
Scenario B: Birds with eggs of intermediate size have the highest Hippocampus (seahorse) undergoes internal
C-I
fertilisation, and its development is direct.
survival rate, as extreme sizes (too small or too large) may
D- Calotes (garden lizard) undergoes internal
reduce hatching success. This favours the intermediate trait and III fertilisation, and its development is indirect.
reduces variability, which is an example of stabilising selection.
87 . 2
82 . 4 The equation Log S = Log C + Z Log A represents the species-
Myotonic dystrophy is a dominant Mendelian disorder. area relationship, which describes how the number of species (S)
increases with an increase in area (A).
83 . 3
Exocoetus Flying fish (Exocoetus) are fish Components of the Equation:
A-
capable of gliding above water using their wing-
IV
like pectoral fins.
S = Number of species
Flying foxes (Pteropus) are large fruit bats that
B-I A = Area
can fly but are mammals, not birds.
C- Columba (pigeons) are typical flying birds with C = Constant (intercept)
II well-developed wings for active flight. Z = Slope of the line (regression coefficient)
D- Ostriches (Struthio ) are flightless birds adapted
III for running instead of flying. The value of Z determines the rate at which species richness (S)
increases with increasing area (A):
84 . 1
Assertion (A) is correct. Vasectomy (in males) and tubectomy (in Higher Z value → Steeper slope → Faster increase in
females) are surgical sterilization procedures that prevent the species richness with area.
release of gametes, making them permanent methods of Lower Z value → Gentler slope → Slower increase in
contraception. They are typically recommended for individuals species richness with area.
who do not wish to have more children.

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by increasing heart rate. In a trained athlete, a larger stroke

When Z is low (0.1 – 0.2), adding more area only slightly volume reduces the need for a high heart rate at rest.
increases species richness. When Z is high (0.6 – 1.2), adding
Physics
more area significantly increases species richness, meaning
Section A
species are more concentrated and dependent on area expansion.
91 . 1
88 . 4 To find the equivalent unit of force in the given system, we can
The International Union for Conservation of use Newton's second law of motion, which states that force F is
Nature (IUCN) maintains a Red List, which equal to mass m times acceleration a (i.e., F ).
A- = m ⋅ a
categorises species based on their risk of
IV
extinction (e.g., vulnerable, endangered, Convert the units:
critically endangered).
Biodiversity Hotspots are regions with Length: 1 unit = 10 cm = 0.1 m
B- exceptionally high species richness and a large
I number of endemic species, facing significant Mass: 1 unit = 10 g = 0.01 kg
habitat loss. Time: 1 unit = 0.1 s
Cryopreservation is a technique that involves
C- preserving gametes, embryos, or tissues at ultra- Find acceleration in terms of units:
III low temperatures (e.g., in liquid nitrogen) to help
conserve genetic material for future use. Acceleration a in SI units: a = Δv
Δt

Sacred Groves are forest patches protected by The unit of length (in meters) and time (in seconds) allows
D- local communities due to religious or cultural us to express acceleration in SI units.
II beliefs, often acting as biodiversity conservation
areas. Calculate force in SI units:
89 . 3 0.1 m
Force = mass × acceleration = (0.01 kg) × ( )
Progesterone inhibits the contraction of the myometrium during (0.1 s)
2

pregnancy, whereas oxytocin stimulates its contraction during 1. = 0.01 kg × 10 m/s

2
= 0.1 N

parturition.
Convert to the unit of force in the new system: Therefore, the
Thyroxine regulates the basal metabolic rate during pregnancy,
unit of force in this system is equivalent to 0.1 N.
while oxytocin initiates the foetal ejection reflex during
parturition. So, the unit of force in this system will be equivalent to 0.1 N or
FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers (1/10 ) N
ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum.
Oxytocin stimulates the ejection of milk from the mammary 92 . 1
glands, while prolactin promotes the synthesis of milk. To determine which of the following does not have the
dimensions of force, let's recall that force has the dimensional
90 . 4 formula:
Athletes generally have a higher stroke volume (SV) due to their
−2

well-conditioned hearts. Since cardiac output (CO) = stroke [F ] = M LT

volume (SV) × heart rate (HR), a higher stroke volume means the
Let's analyze the dimensional formula of each option:
heart pumps more blood per beat. To maintain the same cardiac
output at rest, the heart rate is lower in trained individuals Potential Gradient:
compared to non-athletes.
Potential (V) has the dimension: [V ] = M L 2
T
−2
Q
−1
(Q is
Cardiac Efficiency: Regular endurance training leads to charge).
cardiac hypertrophy, specifically an increase in the size and
Gradient means differentiation w.r.t. distance (L −1
), so:
strength of the left ventricle. This allows the heart to pump
more blood per beat. A well-trained athlete’s heart can V
−2 −1
Potential Gradient = = M LT Q
deliver the required oxygen and nutrients with fewer beats L

per minute, resulting in a lower resting heart rate

. This does not match the force dimension (M LT −2
.
)
(bradycardia).
Autonomic Nervous System Adaptation: Endurance training Energy Gradient:
enhances parasympathetic (vagal) tone, which reduces
Energy has the dimension: [E] = M L 2
T
−2
.
resting heart rate while maintaining efficient circulation.At
the same time, sympathetic activity is regulated more Gradient means differentiation w.r.t. distance (L −1
), so:
efficiently, ensuring a rapid increase in heart rate during
E
exercise when needed. Energy Gradient = = M LT
−2

L
Stroke Volume and Heart Rate Relationship: In an untrained
individual, the heart compensates for a lower stroke volume . This matches the force dimension.

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2
Weight: mv top
T top + mg =
r
Weight is mass (M ) times acceleration due to gravity (LT −2
):
Step 2: Tension at the Lowest Point
−2
W = M g ⇒ M LT

At the lowest point, the forces acting on the mass are:

. This matches the force dimension.
The tension in the string (T bottom , directed upward)
Rate of Change of Momentum:
The weight of the mass (mg, directed downward)
Momentum is mass × velocity: (M ⋅ LT
−1
.
)

Since the centripetal force is directed toward the center, the

Rate of change means differentiation w.r.t. time (T −1
), so: equation is:
d 2
−1 −2 mv
(M LT ) = M LT bottom
dt T bottom − mg =
r

. This matches the force dimension.

Step 3: Energy Conservation to Relate Velocities
Since potential gradient does not have the dimension of force, the
Using the conservation of mechanical energy between the highest
correct answer is Potential Gradient.
and lowest points:
93 . 2 1 1
2 2
mv − mv = mg(2r)
Given Data: 2
bottom
2
top

m = 2 kg

h A = 14 m, h C = 7 m 1
2 2
m(v bottom − v top ) = mg(2r)
2

g = 10 m/s²

Initial Energy at A 2 2
v − v = 4gr
bottom top

E A = mgh A = (2)(10)(14) = 280 J

Potential energy at C:
2 2
v = v + 4gr
bottom top

U C = mgh C = (2)(10)(7) = 140 J

Step 4: Compute the Difference in Tension

Using energy conservation:
Subtract the equation for T top from T bottom :
EA = EC

2 2
mv mv
bottom top
(T bottom − mg) − (T top + mg) = −
r r

280 = 140 + K C

K C = 280 − 140 = 140 J

m
2 2
T bottom − T top − 2mg = (v bottom − v top )
Thus, the kinetic energy at C is 140 J. r

94 . 3
Given Data: m
T bottom − T top = 2mg + (4gr)
r
Mass of the object: m

Length of the string: r = 20 cm = 0.2 m

T bottom − T top = 2mg + 4mg = 6mg

Acceleration due to gravity: g = 9.8 m/s²

The tension at the lowest point exceeds the tension at the topmost
Step 1: Tension at the Topmost Point point by 6mg.

At the highest point, the forces acting on the mass are: 95 . 1

Given Data:
The tension in the string (T top )
Distance away from master: 120 m
The weight of the mass (mg)
Both forces act downward, providing the required centripetal Time taken: 9.0 s
force:
Halfway back distance: 60 m

( ) ( )( )

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Time taken: (9.0 s) / 3 = 3.0 s −2 =

(1 − 3)u 1 + 2(3)(0)

1 + 3

Step 1: Total Distance Traveled

Total Distance = 120 + 60 = 180 m

−2u 1
−2 =
Step 2: Total Time Taken 4

Total Time = 9.0 + 3.0 = 12.0 s

Step 3: Average Speed −2 × 4 = −2u 1

Average speed is given by:

Total Distance u 1 = 4 m/s

Average Speed =
Total Time
Final Answer:

The initial speed of the smaller body before collision is 4 m/s.

180
= = 15 m/s
12 97 . 1
Using the work-energy theorem:
Step 4: Average Velocity
W = ΔK = K f − K i
Average velocity is given by:
Since the body stops, K f = 0 , and initial kinetic energy is:
Displacement
Average Velocity =
Total Time 1
2
Ki = mv
2
Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance from start to
end: Frictional force:

Displacement = 120 − 60 = 60 m F = μmg

Work done by friction over distance s:

60 W = −μmgs
Average Velocity = = 5 m/s
12
Applying the work-energy theorem:
Final Answer:
1
2
−μmgs = 0 − mv
Average Speed = 15 m/s 2

1
Average Velocity = 5 m/s μmgs = mv
2

96 . 3 1 2
μgs = v
Step 1: Given Data 2

Mass of the smaller body: m 1 = 1 kg v = √ 2μgs

Mass of the larger body: m 2 = 3 kg 98 . 4

The force on the rocket due to the ejection of gases is given by
Initial velocity of the smaller body: u (to be found)
1
Newton’s Second Law in terms of momentum (Thrust equation):
Initial velocity of the larger body: u 2 = 0 (stationary) d(mv)
F =
dt
Final velocity of the smaller body: v 1 = −2 m/s (it reverses
direction) Since the mass flow rate of the ejected gases is ˙ = 10 kg/s dm

dt

and the velocity of ejection relative to the rocket is v = 5 m/s,

Final velocity of the larger body: v (to be determined if needed)
2
the thrust force is:
Step 2: Apply the Velocity Formula for Elastic Collision

For a perfectly elastic collision, the velocity of mass m after 1

F = (10)(5) = 50 N
collision is given by:
99 . 4
(m 1 − m 2 )u 1 + 2m 2 u 2
v1 = Given Data
m1 + m2

Substituting the values: Torque: τ = 2 N·m

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Angular acceleration: α = 2 rad/s² Final Answer:

Radius of gyration: k = 2 m 4 𝛑
rad/sec
9

Moment of inertia is given by:

101 . 3
2
I = mk Using Hooke’s law:

Also, FL
ΔL =
AY
τ = Iα

Since volume is constant:

Substituting I = mk
2
:
V
2 A =
2 = (m ⋅ 2 ) ⋅ 2
L

2
FL FL
ΔL = =
(V /L)Y VY
2 = (m ⋅ 4) ⋅ 2

Since V and Y are constant:

2
ΔL ∝ L
2 = 8m

2
102 . 2
m = = 0.25 kg
8 The period of a simple pendulum is given by:

100 . 3 l
T = 2π√
The average angular velocity (ω avg ) is defined as: g

Δθ
ω avg = where:
Δt

where: l = length of the pendulum

Δθ is the total angular displacement (in radians). g = acceleration due to gravity

Δt is the total time taken. Effect of Train's Acceleration

Step 1: Angular Displacement When the train accelerates with uniform acceleration a, the
pendulum experiences an effective acceleration due to the
Since the particle moves along a circular path, the total combined effect of g (downward) and a (horizontal).
circumference is:
The effective acceleration is:
C = 2πR

2 2
g ef f = √ g + a
The particle travels 1

3
of the circumference twice, so the total
angular displacement is: Thus, the new period of the pendulum in an accelerating train is:

1 1 2π 2π 4π
Δθ = (2π) + (2π) = + = radians l
′
3 3 3 3 3 T = 2π√
2 2
√g + a

Step 2: Total Time Taken

Since g ef f
2
= √g + a
2
is greater than g, the denominator
Time for first 1

3
of circumference = 2 sec increases, making T smaller than T .
′

Time for second 1

3
of circumference = 1 sec Thus, the period decreases when the train accelerates.

Total time: 103 . 1

Δt = 2 + 1 = 3 sec
Using the formula:

D
Step 3: Compute Average Angular Velocity M = 1 +
f
4π
Δθ 3
ω avg = = Given M = 3 and D = 25 cm:
Δt 3

25
3 = 1 +
f

4π
ω avg = rad/sec
9

25 25

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2 =
25
⇒ f =
25
= 12.5 cm
4V cell (positive terminal towards B) → current flows from −
f 2
to + → voltage gain of 4V.
104 . 1
Current: 2A from A to B.
The shift in the central bright fringe in Young’s double-slit
experiment due to a transparent sheet is given by: Step 2: Voltage Drops Across Resistors

t(μ − 1) Using Ohm’s Law:

Δx = D
λ
V = IR

where:
Across 6Ω:
t = 3.6 × 10
−3
cm = 3.6 × 10 −5
m (thickness of the sheet)
V 1 = (2A)(6Ω) = 12V (drop)

λ = 6000 Å = 6000 × 10 −10

m
Across 9Ω:
n = 30 (shift in terms of fringe order, meaning Δx = 30λ)
V 2 = (2A)(9Ω) = 18V (drop)

Step 1: Use Fringe Shift Formula

Across 5Ω:
nλ = t(μ − 1)
V 3 = (2A)(5Ω) = 10V (drop)

−10 −5
30 × (6000 × 10 ) = (3.6 × 10 )(μ − 1)
Step 3: Apply Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

KVL states:
−5 −5
1.8 × 10 = (3.6 × 10 )(μ − 1)
∑V = 0

Step 2: Solve for μ

Starting at A and moving in the direction of the current towards
−5

μ − 1 =
1.8 × 10
= 0.5
B:
−5
3.6 × 10
V A − 12V − 18V − 10V − 12V + 4V = V B

μ = 1.5

V A − (12 + 18 + 10 + 12 − 4) = V B

105 . 1
When a dielectric is inserted into a charged capacitor after
disconnecting the battery: V A − 48V = V B

Capacitance increases (C ′
= μC )

Potential difference decreases (V , and C increases)

Q
= V A − V B = 48V
C

Electric field decreases (E =

V
d
, and V decreases)

Final Answer:
2

Stored energy decreases (U , and C increases, so U

Q
=
2C

decreases) V A − V B = 48V

Incorrect Statement (Answer): "Increase in the stored energy" So, point A is 48V higher than point B.
(This is incorrect, as energy actually decreases).
108 . 4
106 . 3 V = i(R A + R)

As work is done by the field, KE of the body increases. 12 = 0.1(20 + R)

∴ ΔKE = W = q(V A − V B ) ⇒ R = 100 Ω

−8 −6
= 10 (600 − 0) = 6 × 10 J
109 . 2
107 . 4 Given Data:
Step 1: Given Information
Focal length of first lens: f 1 = 20 cm
Resistors: 6Ω, 9Ω, and 5Ω in series.
Focal length of second lens: f 2 = 25 cm
Cells:
We need to find the effective power of the combination.
12V cell (positive terminal towards A) → current flows from +
Step 1: Use the Lens Power Formula
to − → voltage drop of 12V.
The power of a lens is given by:
100

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100 ΔΦ = 4Φ
P = (where f is in cm and P is in diopters)
f

112 . 2
For thin lenses in contact, the net power is the sum of their
From Einstein’s photoelectric equation:
individual powers:
K max = eV s

P net = P 1 + P 2

where:
Step 2: Calculate Individual Powers
K max is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.
100 100
P1 = = = 5D
f1 20 e is the charge of an electron (1.6 × 10 −19
C ).

Vs is the stopping potential, the minimum negative voltage

required to stop the photoelectric current completely.
100 100
P2 = = = 4D
f2 25 K max = e × 4V

K max = 4 eV

Step 3: Calculate Effective Power 113 . 4

We know that the momentum of a photon is given by:
P net = 5D + 4D = 9D

h
p =
110 . 4 λ

For maximum power loss,

where:
r = R ex r = 5RR = r/5
p = 3.3 × 10
−29
kg·m/s (given momentum of the photon),
111 . 2
From Gauss’s Law, the electric flux through a closed surface is: h = 6.626 × 10
−34
J·s (Planck's constant),

q inside λ is the wavelength of the photon.

Φ =
ε0
Step 1: Express Wavelength in Terms of Momentum
Given Data:
We also know that:
Initial charge inside the surface: q 1 = 20μC
E = hf

Additional charge added: q 2 = 80μC

and since E = pc for a photon (where c = 3 × 10 m/s is the 8

Total charge inside after addition: speed of light), we get:

q total = q 1 + q 2 = 20μC + 80μC = 100μC hf = pc

Initial flux: Step 2: Solve for Frequency

pc
q1 20μC
f =
Φ1 = = = Φ
h
ε0 ε0

Final flux after charge addition: Substituting the values:

−29 8
(3.3 × 10 ) × (3 × 10 )
q total 100μC
f =
Φ2 = = −34
ε0 ε0 6.626 × 10

Step 1: Find the Change in Flux

−21
ΔΦ = Φ 2 − Φ 1 9.9 × 10
=
−34
6.626 × 10

13
= 1.5 × 10 Hz
100μC 20μC
ΔΦ = −
ε0 ε0 114 . 4
Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a Magnetic Field

The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is given

80μC
ΔΦ =
ε0
by:

dF = i(dl × B)
Since we are given that Φ 1 = Φ , we can express the change in
flux as: where:

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i = current in the wire, Current in coil A: I = 3.0 A

A

Flux linked with coil B: Φ = 9.0 × 10

B
−5
Wb
dl = small length element of the wire,
−5
9.0 × 10
B = uniform magnetic field. M =
3.0

Observing the Given Setup

The semicircular wire carries a current i. M = 3.0 × 10

−5
H (or 30 μH)

The magnetic field B is in the plane of the paper, pointing from Thus, the mutual inductance of the system is 30 μH (or
left to right. 3.0 × 10 H).
−5

The force on an element of the wire is given by dF = i(dl × B) 117 . 3

.
Q 1 = m ice × L f = 35 × 80 = 2800 cal

Each small segment of the wire experiences a differential force

dF , but due to symmetry, the horizontal components cancel out, Heat required to raise water (from melted
leaving only the net vertical force. ice) to 80 C ∘

Resultant Force on the Semicircular Wire Q 2 = m ice × c × ΔT = 35 × 1 × (80 − 0) = 2800 cal

The total force on the semicircular wire due to the magnetic field Total heat required:
is zero.
Q required = Q 1 + Q 2 = 2800 + 2800 = 5600 cal

This is because each segment of the wire experiences an equal

and opposite force, resulting in a net force cancellation.
Heat released by steam to condense into
water at 100 C ∘

The force on a complete loop in a uniform magnetic field is zero,

Q 3 = m steam × L v = m s × 540
and a semicircular loop also follows this rule.

Final Answer: Heat released by condensed steam cooling

from 100 C to 80 C∘ ∘

Q 4 = m s × c × (100 − 80) = m s × 1 × 20 = 20m s

The net force acting on the wire is zero due to symmetry in force
distribution. Total heat released by steam:

Q released = 540m s + 20m s = 560m s

115 . 1
The power factor (cos ϕ) of an AC circuit is given by: Equating heat gained and lost:
Resistance(R) 5600 = 560m s
cos ϕ =
Impedance(Z)

Given Data:
5600
ms = = 10 g
560
Resistance, R = 12Ω

Impedance, Z = 15Ω
Final mass of the mixture:
m mixture = m ice + m steam = 35 + 10 = 45 g
Calculating Power Factor:

12
118 . 4
cos ϕ =
15
Surface tension depends on impurities, partially soluable
impurities decreases the surface tension and completely soluable
impurities increases the surface tension.
cos ϕ = 0.8
119 . 1
116 . 2 The given equation of the standing wave is:
Mutual inductance (M ) is given by the formula:
y = 4 sin(πx) cos(4t)

Flux linked with secondary coil (B)

M = The general equation for a standing wave is:
Current in primary coil (A)

y = A sin(kx) cos(ωt)
Given:
Comparing with y = 4 sin(πx) cos(4t), we identify:

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k = π (wave number) Approximating π ≈ 3.1416:

ω = 4 (angular frequency)
0.314
I =
The wave number k is related to the wavelength λ by: 4 × 3.1416

2π
k =
λ
0.314
I =
Substituting k = π: 12.5664

2π
π =
λ
I ≈ 0.025 A = 25 mA

Solving for λ:
122 . 3
λ = 2 At end on position (F = Eq)
2p 1 E
E = k ⇒ Eα ; d′= 2d, E′=
n a standing wave: d
3
d
3
8

F
F = Eq ⇒ F′=
8

Nodes occur at x = n , where n is an integer.

λ

Antinodes occur at x = (n + ) . 1 λ 123 . 1

2 2
When the wire is bent into an L-shape from the middle:
The distance between a node and the nearest antinode is:
Each segment now has a length l/2.
λ
The new effective separation between the poles is the
4
diagonal distance between the two ends.
Substituting λ = 2:
Using Pythagoras' theorem:
2
= 0.5 m
2 2
4 l l
L new = √ ( ) + ( )
2 2
120 . 3
current in circular loop I = 2 A

Radius of loop R = 1 m l
2
l
2

L new = √ +
4 4
∵ The magnetic field at the centre of current carrying circular
loop is given by

μo I 2 2
B = … (1) 2l l l
2R
L new = √ = √ =
4 2 √2

where, μ is the permeability of free space.

o

Since the magnetic moment is proportional to the effective

Now, substituting the value of I and R in equation (1), we get, separation:
μ o ×2
B = = μo M new = mL new
2×1

121 . 4

l
−6
∮ B ⋅ dl = 0.314 × 10 M new = m ×
√2

Ampère’s law states: Since the original moment was:

M = m × l
∮ B ⋅ dl = μ 0 I

We get:
∮ B ⋅ dl
I = M
μ0 M new =
√2

Substituting values:
124 . 1
−6
0.314 × 10 When an object in air is observed from within water, its apparent
I =
velocity as seen by an observer underwater is given by:
−7
4π × 10

′
v = v × μ water

0.314 4
′
I = v = 6 ×
4π 3

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h
pH =
λ

24
′
v = = 8 m/s
3
130 . 4
5V
IL = = 5mA
125 . 1 1kΩ

10−5
I = = 10 mA
500

I 1 = I − I L = 10mA − 5mA = 5mA

If current in the conductor is increasing, the applied field at

center of the loop is increasing. By Lenz’s law, to oppose this
increasing field, the induced field should generate in the 131 . 3
downward direction. Hence the induced current in the loop Fc = FG

should be in clock wise direction mv

2
GM m
= 2
r+h (r+h)

126 . 1 2 GM
v =
To convert a temperature difference from the Celsius scale to the (r+h)

Fahrenheit scale, we use the formula: GM

v = √
(r+h)

9
ΔT F = ΔT C × GM
g = 2
5 r

Given:
2
gr
v = √
(r+h)

∘
ΔT C = 5 C 132 . 2
Process is cyclic and anticlockwise direction so the heat is
Converting to Fahrenheit: rejected and work is done on the system.
9
ΔT F = 5 × 133 . 3
5
The heat supplied to the gas is given by:
2
Q = I Rt
∘
ΔT F = 9 F

Substituting the values:

127 . 3
For a point source of light we use Q = (1)
2
× (100) × (300)

1
I ∝ 2
r

and as we use A ∝ √I Q = 100 × 300

1
⇒ A ∝ √ 2
r

Q = 30, 000 J = 30 kJ
1
⇒ A ∝
r

The first law of thermodynamics states:

128 . 1
1/3 1/3
R = R0 A ⇒ R ∝ A ΔU = Q − W

Density of the nucleus independent of mass number Since W = 0 ,

129 . 1 ΔU = Q

When a hydrogen atom in an excited state transitions to the

Thus,
ground state, it emits a photon of wavelength λ. Due to
conservation of momentum, the hydrogen atom experiences a ΔU = 30 kJ

recoil in the opposite direction.

134 . 4
1
The momentum of a photon is given by: A → P ∝
V

⇒ PV = constant
h
p photon = ⇒ nRT = const. ⇒ T = const.
λ
Hence Isothermal III
By conservation of momentum, the recoil momentum of the B → IV
hydrogen atom (p ) is equal in magnitude to the photon's
H W ≠ 0, ΔU ≠ 0, ΔQ ≠ 0 [only isobaric]
momentum:

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Sr Elite NEET Final Phase Revision (P1) NEET GT-01

C → I ΔQ = 0 Adiabatic N 2(g) (1 atm) → N 2(g) (8 atm); ΔS < 0

D → II w = 0 Isochoric
143 . 3
III IV I II
.
135 . 2
144 . 1
The volume of liquid flowing per second (i.e., the flow rate, Q)
Benzyl > Allyl > Alkyl > Vinyl carbocation
out of an orifice at the bottom of a tank is given by Torricelli’s
theorem: 145 . 3

Q = Av

According to Torricelli’s law, the velocity of efflux is: 146 . 1

The order of reactivity of halides for SN1 reaction is 3°>2°>1° as
v = √ 2gh
the stability of carbocation formed in SN1 will be highest for 3°
Q = A√ 2gh and lowest for 1°. Here, C6H5CH2Cl will show highest reactivity
for SN1 mechanism as the carbocation left after removel of Cl- is
Factors Affecting Flow Rate Q: resonance stablised.
Area of the orifice (A) → affects flow rate.
Height of the liquid column (h) → affects velocity and thus
flow rate.
Acceleration due to gravity (g) → affects velocity and thus
flow rate.

Factor That Does NOT Affect Flow Rate: So, C6H5CH2Cl will show highest reactivity towards SN1
Density of the liquid (ρ) reaction.
The equation does not include density.
In ideal fluid flow, the density of the liquid does not
affect the flow rate.
147 . 2
Chemistry .
Section A
136 . 3 148 . 1
(1) 2 NA (2) 5NA a and b
(3) 6 NA (4) 4 NA
149 . 2
137 . 4 Refer NCERT
HVZ rxn → Br2 / Red P4
150 . 3
2 2 2
z z + 2
Iodoform rxn → I2 / NaOH E n = E 1(H ) ×
n
2
= −13. 6 ×
n
2
E 3 (H e ) = −13. 6 ×
3
2
=

−6. 04 eV

Etard rxn → (i) CrO2Cl2, CS2

151 . 1
CH 2 = CH − C ≡ N σ = 6, π = 3
(ii) H2O
152 . 1
Gattermann Koch rxn → CO, HCl, AlCl3(anhy)
Correct boiling point order: Isobutane<Neopentane <
138 . 1 Isopentane < Pentane
1
[C] 10
QC = = = 1. 66
[A][B]
2

10
×
3

10
153 . 3
QC < KC , the reaction will proceed in forward direction Oxidation states possible for oxygen are

139 . 1 −2, +1, +2, −1, −

1

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

154 . 2
140 . 4 ln k = ln A −
Ea
R
(
1
T
)

Δng ≠ 0 − Ea
Slope =
R

141 . 4 −5 × 10
3
=
− Ea

Ea = 8.314 x 5 x 103 = 41.57 x 103J/mol

= 41.57 KJ/mol

155 . 2
142 . 2

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⇒ d sp
− OH
Sr Elite NEET Final Phase Revision (P1) NEET GT-01

RedP + Br 2
⇒ sp

⇒ sp
Critical Temperature: The temperature at which a substance
can becomes liquid is called its Critical Temperature .
Critical Temperature is directly proportional to liquefaction.
As the Critical Temperature is high liquefaction is high.
Critical Temperature increases down the group in the noble
gases.

156 . 3
3>1>4>2

157 . 4
(A)[MnBr 4 ]

(B)[FeF 6 ]

3
2−

In presence of ligand field

In presence of ligand field

⇒ sp
2

→ CH 3 − CH 2 − Br

158 . 4
3
3

(D) [Ni(CO) 4 ] Ni

electronegativity of

F > O > N > S.

160 . 4
Mn
+2
⇒ [Ar]3d

hybridization, paramagnetic in nature

d
2

(C)[Co (C 2 O 4 ) ]
3−

In presence of ligand field

Fe
+3
⇒ [Ar]3d

hybridization, diamagnetic in nature

In presence of ligand field

0
⇒ [Ar]3d 4s

hybridization, diamagnetic in nature

5

hybridization, paramagnetic in nature

3
3−
Co
+3
⇒ [Ar]3d

Solubility of a gas in solvent inversely proportional to KH.

161 . 1
1 mole of
1 mole of
1 mole of
1 mole of

162 . 3
M no
−
4

Cr 2 O

Sn

AI
to M n

2−
7

4+

3+
2+

to cr

to sn

to AI
→

3+

2+

→
5

Activated molecules should have the energy equal to (or) greater

than ET and proper orientation.

159 . 4
Electronegativity increases on going from left to right in a period
and decreases from top to bottom in a group. Thus
6

482500 C
→

→
579000 C
193000 C
289500 C
The compound which contains −COCH group in its structure,

163 . 2

is VCl .

164 . 3
Molecules
PCl5

SF4
XeF4
BF3

165 . 1
4
2

has only one unpaired electron(= √n(n + 2)μ

electronic configuration of vanadium is (3d)
given compound vanadium exists as V

Hybridization
Sp3d

Sp3d
Sp3d2
Sp2

Eq. of oxalic acid = Eq. of - Naon

166 . 2
CH 3 − CH 2 − CH 2 − OH + SOCl 2

→ CH 3 − CH 2 − CH 2 − Cl + SO 2 + HCl

167 . 2

F > Cl > Br > I

171 . 1
Both are true

172 . 4
(A)

(B)
4+

Shape
Trigonal

See saw
3

give positive iodoform test and the compound which contains

− CHO group give positive Fehling test. In ethanol, CH
both the groups are present, hence it responds to both iodoform
test and Fehling's test. Iodoform test
CH 3 CHO + I 2 + NaOH → CHI 3 + NaI + H 2 O

Fehling's test
CH 3 CHO + Cu(OH 2 ) → CH 3 COOH + Cu 2 O
(red ppt.)

The magnetic moment of 1.73 BM implies that the vanadium ion

Electronic confi guration of Gadolinium, with atomic number 64

is [Xe]4f7 5d1 6s2 as halffi lled orbitals are more stable.

168 . 4
PCl 5 → PCl 3 + Cl 2

169 . 1
2

1.6

0.4
0

1.6

1.6
1.6

1.6
0

The SRP for the different halogens is in the order of

B)

(4s)
2

Hence, the compound

bipyramidal

Square planar
Trigonal planar

⏐
↓

CH 3 − CH 2 −

. Detailed explanation: SRP stands for standard

reduction potential value. The higher the SRP value, the stronger
the oxidizing agent due to high electron affinity, low bond
energy, and small size.

Hence, the correct answer is option A) F > Cl > Br > I

170 . 3
3 CHO

+2H 2 O

. The outer
. Thus, in the

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Sr Elite NEET Final Phase Revision (P1) NEET GT-01

Order of M.P. of group 14 : C > Si > Ge > Pb > Sn 175 . 3 No chan

Column I Column II the fourt
element M.P. (°C) Principal quantum Energy of electron in
Z=6=C 3730 A IV
number single electron system 178 . 3
Z = 14 = Si 1410 Azimuthal quantum Relative energies of List
Z = 32 = Ge 937 B III
number various subshells
Z = 50 = Sn 232 Magnetic quantum Number of orbitals present (A)
C II
Z = 82 = Pb 327 number in any subshell
Spin quantum Magnetic properties of the (B)
D I
173 . 2 number substance
(C)
The correct match is A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-III (D)
176 . 3
174 . 3 Kolbe’s reaction
179 . 3
.
177 . 4

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