UNIT-2: Production Engg.
Lec-4
Today’s Target
Drilling Machine
Types
Components
Operations
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RGPV Bhopal
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RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BME)
RGPV : Syllabus
Unit-II
Measurement: Concept of measurements, errors in measurement, Temperature,
Pressure, Velocity, Flow strain, Force and torque measurement, Vernier caliper,
Micrometer, Dial gauge, Slip gauge, Sine-bar and Combination set.
Production Engineering: Elementary theoretical aspects of production processes like
casting, carpentry, welding etc Introduction to Lathe and Drilling machines and their
various operations.
Drilling Machine
Drilling Machine
A drilling machine is a tool used to create circular holes in materials like
metal, wood, plastic, and other solid substances.
Working Principle of drilling machine:
The drilling machine works by rotating a drill bit
(cutting tool) and moving it towards the workpiece
with a specific feed motion.
Rotation of the Drill Bit: The drill bit spins at a certain speed, which provides the
necessary cutting motion.
Feed Motion: The drill bit moves downward in a linear path towards the workpiece,
which is usually fixed.
Cutting Action: As the drill bit makes contact with the workpiece, its cutting edges (or
lips) remove material, creating a hole. This process continues until the hole reaches the
desired depth.
Various types of drilling Machines
Drilling machines can be broadly classified in the following categories-
(i) Portable drilling machine
(ii) Sensitive drilling machine
(a) Bench mounting (b) Floor mounting.
(iii) Upright drilling machine
(a) Round column section (b) Box column section.
(iv) Radial drilling machine
(a) Plain (b) Semi-universal (c) Universal.
(v) Gang drilling machine (vi) Multiple spindle drilling machine
(vii) Automatic drilling machine (viii) Deep hole drilling machine
(a) Vertical (b) Horizontal.
(R.G.P.V. Nov 2018, June 2022)
Components of Drilling Machine:-
A drilling machine consists of various components designed to facilitate the
process of creating holes in different materials.
The main parts include:
1.Base:
The base is the foundation of
the drilling machine.
It supports the entire
structure, absorbs vibrations
during operation, and
provides stability to the
machine.
(R.G.P.V. Nov 2018, June 2022)
2. Column:
The column is a vertical support attached to the base.
It holds the table, spindle head, and other parts in place.
The column provides rigidity to the machine and allows components to
be adjusted vertically for different workpiece sizes.
3. Table:
The table is where the workpiece is placed and secured during drilling.
It is adjustable in height and can be moved along the column to position
the workpiece at the required height.
Some tables have slots or clamps to hold the workpiece firmly.
(R.G.P.V. Nov 2018, June 2022)
4. Table Clamp:
The table clamp locks the table in place once it has been adjusted to the desired
height and position, ensuring the stability of the workpiece during drilling.
5. Spindle:
The spindle is a rotating shaft that holds the drill bit. It is connected to the motor
via a pulley system and transmits rotational motion to the drill bit, enabling it to
cut into the material.
6. Step Cone Pulley and Belt:
The step cone pulley allows the operator to adjust the speed of the spindle by
repositioning the belt on different steps of the pulley. The belt transfers power
from the motor to the spindle, making the drill bit rotate.
(R.G.P.V. Nov 2018, June 2022)
7. Motor:
The motor is the primary source of power for the machine.
It drives the belt and spindle, enabling the drill bit to rotate and
perform the drilling operation.
8. Drill Feed Handle:
The drill feed handle is used to manually move the spindle and drill
bit vertically.
By turning the handle, the operator can control the downward
movement of the drill bit into the workpiece, allowing precise control
over the drilling depth.
(R.G.P.V. June 2023)
Feed mechanism of a drilling machine
The feed mechanism of a drilling machine is shown in fig.
As the motor is switched on, the
motor shaft starts revolving and,
hence, the V-pulley mounted on it.
The motion and power is transmitted
through the V-belt to the V-pulley
mounted over the drill spindle.
Thus, spindle starts revolving and
therefore the drill.
(R.G.P.V. June 2023)
The handle is directly mounted on the pinion shaft.
As the handle is rotated, the pinion rotates.
It moves the rack longitudinally and, hence, the spindle and the drill.
The keyway cut along the spindle facilitates longitudinal movement of the
spindle while it is rotating under the power.
Different spindle speeds can be obtained by shifting the V-belt to different
pairs of driving and driven pulleys while the motor continuous to rotate on
the same speed.
(R.G.P.V. June 2016, 2022)
Drilling Machine Operations
Drilling Machine Operations (R.G.P.V. June 2016, 2022)
Basic Drilling Operations
1. Drilling: This is the primary operation, which involves creating a hole in the
material by rotating a drill bit while applying axial force. Drill bits come in
various sizes and materials, such as twist drills, spade drills, and core drills.
2. Boring: Boring increases the diameter of an existing hole.
3. Reaming: After drilling a hole, reaming is done to improve the finish and
accuracy of the hole. It removes small amounts of material to ensure a precise
diameter and a smooth surface.
(R.G.P.V. June 2016, 2022)
4. Counterboring: This operation creates a flat-bottomed hole with a larger diameter
at the top, allowing for the insertion of screws or bolts with the head recessed into
the material.
5. Countersinking: In this operation, a cone-shaped hole is drilled at the top of a hole
to allow the head of a screw or bolt to sit flush with or below the surface of the
material.
6. Tapping: Tapping is the process of cutting internal threads inside a hole, allowing
screws or bolts to be fastened into the material.
7. Spotfacing: This operation involves making a flat, smooth surface around the hole’s
opening, typically for the purpose of seating a bolt or washer.
RGPV Bhopal
Helpline No-7819 0058 53, 7455 9612 84
For Free Notes…….Download the Gateway Classes App from Play store
