(1)

Introduction to the
Basic Sources of Islam
(Part-I)

DR. MAQBOOL HASSAN

Assistant Professor
Department of Islamic Studies
Bahria University, Karachi Campus 1
 Basic Sources of Islam

1-AL-QURAN 2-AS-SUNNAH

2
(1)
Al-Quran

Introduction to
Holy Quran
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2- Al-Quran - ‫القُرآن‬
A - Literary Meanings

1. The word Qur'an is derived from the word ―Qara‖ ‫ قَ َرا‬means to recite
or read, hence the word ―Quran‖ means often read or recited. It is the
most read book on earth.

2. The word Qur'an is derived from the word ―Qarana‖ ‫ قَ َرن‬means to

mix and link. So, that is why it is called Quran, its verses and surahs
are linked with each other.

3. The word Qur'an is derived from the word ―Qar u‖ ‫ قَرء‬which means
to collect; hence the word ―Quran‖ means collected one, because all
the surahs are collected in it. 4
B - Terminological / Conceptual Meanings

‫الکالم ہللا المنزل علی الرسول علیہ السالم المکتوب‬

‫فی المصاحف المنقول الینا نقال متواترا بال شبھۃ۔‬

The book that was revealed to Holy Prophet / the

Messenger (of Allah), is written in the Scripts
(Musahif), and it is transmitted from him without any
doubt.

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 DIFFERENT NAMES OF THE HOLY QURAN
The scholars have discussed different names of the Holy Quran. In Kitab-ul-Burhan, 55 names
of the Holy Quran, derived from verses of the Holy Quran, have been discussed.
Other names of the Holy Qura'n based on its Qualities and attributes:
Allah Almighty has described and named this Holy Book based on certain qualities; few of
these names are listed below:
1. Al-Kitab: The only book among all the books in the world which deserves to be called a book
is the Holy Quran.
2. Al-Furqan: Which can distinguish between truth and falsehood.
3. Noor: Which shows light and guidance
4. Shifa: Which can provide spiritual shifa and a message of health
5. Tazkira: A source of warning and advice
6. Al-Ilm: A source of knowledge and vision
7. Al-Bian: Which explains every matter
8. Hakeem: Containing wisdom
9. Majeed: Sublime
10. Mubarak: blessed
11. Al-Aziz: possessing great prestige 6
12. Mubeen: which elusjcates guidance
13. Karim: Having noble qualities
 Wahi - ‫وحی‬
Wahi ‫ َو ِحی‬Divine revelation
The dictionary meaning of the word ―Wahi‖ is to give news
secretly, give a signal, convey a message, etc., whereas in
Islamic terminology Wahi is called the Kalam (the Divine Word)
that was revealed to blessed Ambiya ‫علَ ي ِه ِم اَّ ا‬
َ ‫َل ي‬ َ from Allah
Almighty.

7
 TYPES OF WAHI
1 Wahee-e-Matlu:

It means the revelation which God has transmitted in His own words and speech, for
example the Quran. It is essential that such revealed words should be recited in the same
accent, diction and pronunciation as they were revealed. Thus even after 1400 years
Quran has remained unchanged.

2 Wahee-e-Ghair Matlu:

It is the revelation which Allah projected in the heart of the Holy Prophet. These are not the
words of the Almighty, but the Holy Prophet (PBUH) transmitted these revealed edicts to
the people in his own words.
8
Modes of Wahi
The Holy Qur'an tells:

It is not fitting for a man that God should speak to him except by
inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending of a Messenger to
reveal, with God's permission what God wills. (Al Shoora-51)

‫َع َل ِه ِم اَّ ا‬
There are three modes of Wahi for blessed Ambiya : َ ‫َل‬

1- Inspiration/Ilham
2- From behind a veil
3- By the sending of a Messenger
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According to Quran and Hadith Allah Almighty revealed His message to His Prophets
in seven forms:

1. In dream such as Sayyiduna Ibraheem ‫علَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬

َ ‫َل‬ َ saw a dream in which he was
‫علَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬
commanded to sacrifice Sayyiduna Isma‘eel . َ ‫َل‬ َ
2. Revealing something through Divinely-made inspiration in the heart.
3. When Wahi descends in the form of a bell sound; this type of Wahi was the hardest
one on the Beloved Rasool ‫َللا‬ َ ‫ّٰللا تَعَ ٰاَّى‬
َ ‫علَ ِه ِه َو ٰا َِّ ٖه َو‬ ‫صلاى ە‬
َ because in this type, Wahi used to be sent
as it was being sent to angels.
4. When an angel presents the Kalam of Allah Almighty by taking the shape of any
famous or unfamous man such as Sayyiduna Jibra`eel ‫علَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬
َ ‫َل‬ َ came in the shape of an
َ ‫ّٰللا ت َ َع ٰاَّی‬
A‘rabi (villager) and would also come in the shape of Sayyiduna Dihyah Kalbi .‫ع ِنه‬ ‫ى ە‬ َ ‫ض‬
ِ ‫َر‬
5.
َّ ‫علَ ْی ِه ال‬
When Sayyiduna Jibra`eel Ameen ‫س َالم‬ َ comes in his own shape; he has 600
arms from which rubies and pearls fall off.
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 َّ ‫علَ ْی ِه ال‬
6. When Sayyiduna Israfeel ‫س َالم‬ َ comes with a revelation as Imam
Sha’abi ‫ّٰللا ت َ َع ٰاَّی َعلَهِه‬
ِ ‫ َر ِح َمة ە‬said: In the beginning, Sayyiduna Israfeel ‫ َعلَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬would
َ ‫َل‬
bring Wahi for three years, then this service was given to Sayyiduna Jibra`eel
Ameen ‫ َعلَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬and then the whole Quran was revealed through him.
َ ‫َل‬
7. When blessed Ambiya ‫ َع َل ِه ِم اَّ ا‬would listen to the Kalam of Allah Almighty
َ ‫َل‬
behind a veil or without any veil; this act of listening could be in wakefulness
َ ‫ّٰللا ت َ َع ٰاَّى َعلَ ِه ِه َو ٰا َِّ ٖه َو‬
such as on the night of Mi’raaj the Beloved Rasool ‫َللا‬ ‫صلاى ە‬
َ did
and Sayyiduna Musa ‫ َعلَ ِه ِه اَّ ا‬did on Koh-e-Toor or in dream such as the Beloved
َ ‫َل‬
َ ‫ّٰللا تَعَ ٰاَّى َعلَ ِه ِه َو ٰا َِّ ٖه َو‬
Rasool ‫َللا‬ ‫صلاى ە‬
َ listened. (‘Umda-tul-Qaari, vol. 1, pp. 74; Nuzha-
tul-Qaari, vol. 1, pp. 234) 11
 QUR’AN WAS REVEALED IN STAGES

The Qur‘an was revealed in stages over a period of 23 years, and not as a
complete book in one single act of revelation. There are a number of reasons for
this; most important are the following:
– To strengthen the heart of the Prophet (s) by addressing him continuously and
whenever the need for guidance arose.
– Out of consideration for the Prophet (s) since revelation was a very difficult
experience for him.
– To gradually implement the laws of God.
– To make understanding, application and memorization of the revelation easier
for the believers. 12
Ilham and Wahi – difference

Ilham literally means to inspire: to put a thought or an idea

into the mind of someone.
In Islamic terminology, Ilham means inspiration of an idea or
information from Allah to any Chosen person.

Ilham is limited to unspoken and unwritten inspiration;

Wahi is used for spoken ,unspoken , written as well as

unwritten inspiration and revelation. 13
 Salient features of the Holy Quran
1- The Holy Quran is a divinely revealed belief system which, unlike the earthly, man-
made belief systems, continues to spread un-abated till today.

―And truly, this (the Qu‘ran) is a revelation from the Lord of the ‗Alamin (mankind, jinn and all
that exists), which the trustworthy Ruh [Jibril (Gabriel)] has brought down upon your heart (O
Muhammad) that you may be (one) of the warners, in the plain Arabic language.‖
(26:192-195)
2- The Quranic message is for all of mankind and not for a particular place, community
or tribe.
―And We have sent you (O Muhammad) not but as a mercy for the ‗Alamin (mankind, jinn and
all that exists. (21:107

3- The Quranic message stimulates rational thinking, logical reasoning and clarity in
approach and style.
―Verily, in these things there are Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs) for the people who
understand.‖(13:4)
―Thus do We explain the signs in detail to a people who have sense.‖ (30:28)
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4- The Quranic message is protected by Allah Himself.

“Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur’an) and
surely, We will guard it (from corruption).” (15:9)

5- The Quranic message is not limited by time and space.

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The Holy Quran as a Basis of Thought and Action
1- The Holy Quran tells us that Islam is an all-embracing way of life. It extends
over the entire spectrum of life showing how to conduct all human activities in a sound
and wholesome manner.
The Holy Quran spells out fundamentals relating to social life, commercial and
economic activities, marriage, divorce, penal and civil laws, international conducts,
contracts and obligations, dispensation of justice etc.

2- When we read the Holy Quran, we find instructions in all aspects of life,
political, social, economic, material, ethical, spiritual, national and international which have
been further elucidated, expanded, amplified and explained by the Sunnah of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH)

3- The Holy Quran rejects the western thought that there is separation between
religion and life; for everything ought to be dedicated to God alone, and a Muslim is
required to submit himself completely to the will of Allah in all his affairs:
―Say: `Truly, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, the Lord of the
Worlds…..‖ (6:162)
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4- The Holy Quran has no dark corners or ambiguous expressions. It speaks clearly
and guides to the right path. It is straight, clear and understandable, therein no confusion is to
be found:

―Praise be to Allah who has sent to His slave (i.e. Muhammad PBUH) the Book and has allowed
therein no crookedness. (He has made it) straight (and clear) in order that He may warn…..‖
(18:1-2)

5- The Holy Quran stresses moderation in everything and commands its followers to
eschew all extravagances in any direction. It takes deep interest in the spiritual as well as
material well-being of man. It commands its followers to prepare themselves for the Hereafter
while at the same time lawfully enjoying their portion of life as long as they do not transgress the
limit set by Allah. The Holy Quran says:

―Seek, with (the wealth) which Allah has bestowed on you, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget
your portion in this world.‖ (28:77)

Hazrat Ali is reported to have said:

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―Work for your life as though you are going to live forever, and work for your Hereafter as
though you are going to die tomorrow.‖
6- The Holy Quran contains directions for the Head of the Sate as well
as a common man, for the rich as well as the poor, for physical well-being as
well as spiritual and intellectual enlightenment, for peace as well as for war.

7- The Holy Quran plays a significant role in the life of a Muslim from
cradle to his grave. It provides a Muslim a very significant, solid and strong basis
for all his thoughts and actions in his life.

8- The only way to achieve success in this world as well as in the

Hereafter is to sincerely follow the guidance which is contained in the Holy Quran
and regulate our lives in consonance with its commands. 18
 The Holy Quran as a Source of Legal
Thinking and Islamic Law
The primary source of law in the Islamic system is the Holy Quran. It is the fundamental source
from which all principles, ordinances and injunctions of Islam are drawn. The Holy Quran is the
first source of law both in point of time as well as in point of importance.

In an Islamic state, sovereignty belongs to Allah. Therefore, law made by Him is supreme which
cannot be repealed or annulled by any legislature or human authority.

Legal Nature

The Holy Quran is not a book on every subject of the law. Rather, only a very small part of the
Holy Quran is ‗law‘ in the true sense of the term.
This however should not distract from the fact that the laws of the Holy Quran are
regarding the most important subjects that concern human life. For example, family is an
important subject in the Holy Quran. Few would disagree that the family plays a vital role in the
psychological and emotional well-being of a person. 19
Allah revealed the Holy Quran to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Arabic—a rich language
in which various shades of meaning attach to terms and concepts.

On a general level, Muslim jurists agree that those Quranic verses that are legal in nature
(in other words what we earlier called ‗law proper‘) can be categorized as either ;

(i) Nass or
(ii) Mutashabehat.

1-Nass - are express commandments that convey a clear meaning and scope.

2-Mutashabehat - verses on the other hand are verses whose meaning is open to
interpretation.

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 The Holy Quran is a beautiful mix of general principles and provides laws on
the following areas:

RELIGIOUS DUTIES e.g. prayer and alms giving.

FAMILY LAWS e.g. the requirements of a valid marriage, dower, divorce.

PENAL LAWS e.g. punishment for theft, adultery, armed robbery etc.

INGREDIENTS OF A CONTRACT OR AGREEMENT: The Holy Quran requires Muslims to abide by their
contracts because they would be made to account in the hereafter for the promises that they have made.
LAWS OF EVIDENCE:
The Quranic laws of evidence require a very high burden of proof. Consequently, it is very difficult to establish
that a person has committed a crime for which he/she will be punished according to Quranic Law.

LAWS OF WAR:
The Quranic principles on the conduct of war prohibit the killing of women and children; waging a war of
aggression; destroying places of domicile; and killing prisoners of war etc.

INTERNATIONAL LAW:
The Holy Quran requires Muslims to honor treaties with other nations and to conduct international relations with
peaceful means. This was an important development of that time because nations did not attach much 21
importance to their treaty obligations.
5- THE RIGHTS OF THE QURAN UPON THE BELIEVER

In order to truly benefit from the Qur'an we have to be able to relate to the Qur'an in a
practical way, every day of our lives. Great scholars of Islam have advised us to keep our
relationship with the Qur'an effective by maintaining the following five responsibilities

Belief and Honor (Iman wa ta'zeem)

We regard the Qur'an as the words of Allah and believe it to be the best book of guidance for
those who want to live righteous lives. We respect its message and honor it above all other
books.

Reading and Recitation (tilawah wa tarteel)

Since the Qur'an was communicated to the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬through Gabriel orally and the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬in turn conveyed it to his companions orally we should learn to read the Qur'an
properly and recite it correctly. There are great blessings (barakah) in reading the Qur'an in
the correct manner. 22
Understanding and Reflecting (tafakkur wa tadabbur)
Many Muslims learn to read the Qur'an but few strive to understand its meaning. Since the
Qur'an is mainly a book of guidance, we have a responsibility to understand its message
and reflect on what it says.

Implementing the Guidelines (hukm wa iqamah)

One of the greatest duties we have is to live by the commands of Allah. The primary
reason why Allah sent revelation was to guide human beings to be good and to be of
benefit to the world, not to do wrong, nor to harm the world.

Conveying and Clarifying (tableegh wa tabyeen)

Each Muslim has the responsibility of conveying the message of Islam to others. If we
believe in the Qur'an, respect the Qur'an, read it how it is supposed to be read, recite it
properly, understand its message and live by its commands then our behavior will reflect
the Qur'an. The Prophet's wife, 'Aishah was asked to describe the Prophet's conduct and
she said: "his character is the Qur'an." This means that the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬lived his life
according to the message of the Qur'an. The best way to attract people to Islam is to live
as good Muslims, to live like the Prophet ,‫ﷺ‬to live according to the Qur'an.
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Giving Priority to the Qur’an

Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 718H) said: “As for seeking to memorize the Qur’aan then this is to be
given preference over many of the things that the people consider to be knowledge, but are -
in reality – either totally useless, or having little benefit. It is also to be given precedence in
learning especially by those who wish to acquire knowledge of the Deen, its principles and its
particulars. Since what is prescribed for such a person at this time is that he should begin by
memorizing the Qur’aan, as it is the foundation of the branches of knowledge of the deen.
This is contrary to what is done by many of the people on innovation, in that one of them will
preoccupy himself with superfluous parts of knowledge; such as kalaam (rhetorical speech)
and argumentation; or very rare matters of differences; and blind following, which there is no
need for; or very strange and rare ahaadeeth which are not established, nor of benefit; and
many discussions do not establish proofs. And he abandons memorizing the Qur’aan which
is more important than all of this.” 24
Seeking knowledge in due proportions

Allaah (`azza wa jall) said: “And it is a Qur’aan which We have divided into parts, in
order that you may recite it to men at intervals. And We have sent it down in
stages.”
The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬said to `Abdullaah ibn `Amr ibn al-`Aas: “Read the Qur’aan in every
month.” I said: I find that I have more strength than that. He ‫ﷺ‬said: “Recite it in
every twenty nights.” I said: I find that I have more strength than that. He ‫ﷺ‬
said: “Then recite it in every seven days and do not increase upon that.”
‗Abdullaah ibn ‗Amr ibn al-‘Aas also related from the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬that he said: “He
does not understand the Qur’aan who recites it in less than three days ”

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 THE PRESERVATION OF THE HOLY QURA'N
Allah Almighty has Himself promised to preserve the Holy Quran. Allay says:
We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly Guard
it (from corruption) (Al Hijr-9)
In this verse Allah Almighty s made three points:
First this book has been revealed by Allah Almighty. This means that this is not an
ordinary book, but has been revealed by Allah Almighty for the guidance of mankind.
Second, this is a book of Zikar, Zikar means advice, i.e., This book has been
revealed to advise the people with the intention of their welfare.
Third, it has been declared that Allah Almighty is responsible for the preservation of
this book. This means that no tampering alternation or suppression of any portion of
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this book is possible.
 SEQUENCE OF THE HOLY QURAN
The present order of the Surahs of the Holy Quran is TAUQIFI. This means that
the Holy Prophet has arranged the contents of the Holy Quran according to the
commands of Allah Almighty. When a surah was revealed the Holy Prophet
himself instructed the scribes to write the Surahs in question before or after
some particular surah. When a verse was revealed he directed to record the
same in a particular surah.
In view of this practice the Muslims believe that SEQUENCE of the Holy Quran
has been made under the will of Allah Almighty. Among the scribes of Wahi are
included the four caliphs.
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 THE COMPILATION OF THE HOLY QURAN
THE COMPILATION OF THE HOLY QURAN IN BOOK FORM DURING THE PERIOD OF
HAZRAT ABU BAKKAR SIDDIQUE (R.A)

During the life time of the Holy Prophet the Holy Quran did not exist in a single book form. It
contents were recorded on different articles. In the time of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique the need
arose to compile it in book form. During his caliphate the Muslims fought a war (YAMAMA) with
Muselima Kazzab who claimed to be a prophet. The army sent to crush him consisted of a large
number of Huffaz-e-Quran. A large number of them were martyred during the war. The Muslims
won the war but it was felt that death of Huffaz-e-Quran might not affect the preservation of the
Holy Quran. Therefore, Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique entrusted the work of the compilation of the
Holy Quran to a famous Qari and Hafiz, Sahabi Zaid Bin Sabit who also served as a scribe of Wahi
during the period of the Holy Prophet.He completed this task with great diligence. This manuscript
of the Holy Quran remained with Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique. After his death, it was in the
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custody of Hazrat Umar and after his death it was passed on to Hazrat Hifsa.
Compilation of Qur'an and Hazrat Usman (R.A):

During the Caliphate of Hazrat Usaman it was observed that Non-Arabs are facing propblems in
reciting the Qur'an because of different Arabic accents. Hazrat Usman got many copies of the
manuscript of Hazrat Abu Bakr prepared under his supervision according to Qureshi Accent and
sent the same to the different parts of his empire. That is why he is called Jame Al Qur'an.
Diacritical marks were added for non-Arabs
The original manuscript of the Qur'an does not have the signs indicating the vowels in Arabic
script. These vowels are known as tashkil, zabar, zair, paish in Urdu and as fatah, damma and
qasra in Arabic. The Arabs did not require the vowel signs and diacritical marks for correct
pronunciation of the Qur'an since it was their mother tongue. For Muslims of non-Arab origin,
however, it was difficult to recite the Qur'an correctly without the vowels. These marks were
introduced into the Quranic script during the time of the fifth 'Umayyad' Caliph, Malik-ar-Marwan
(66-86 Hijri/685-705 C.E.) and during the governorship of Al-Hajaj in Iraq. 29
Basic Quranic Concepts

30
1- DEEN
Dean‫دِهن‬, is an Arabic word means the way, path and style of
life. In religious term DEEN means the way, path and style of
life for human being ordained by their Creator-Allah Almighty.
He Himself named it as ISLAM.

Verily, the DEEN according to Him is Al-Islam. (Al-e-Imran; 19)

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ISLAM
Islam is an Arabic word derived from the Arabic root word SALAMA ( َ َ‫َلل‬
َ ) "means to obey, to
submit.
In Arabic, word ―Islam” ( ‫ )إَلي‬originating from the tri-literal root words salama ( -‫ل‬-‫َليلَ = )س‬, to
submit and salima ( -‫ل‬-‫َل ِل = )س‬,
To save or protect or to keep in piece.
So ―Islam‖ has the concepts of submission, surrender, safeness, and peace.

In a religious context, Islam refers to the total surrender to the will of Allah Almighty.
―Muslim‖ ( ‫ ) م َِل ِل‬means one who "submits or surrenders to Allah (swt).
...He has named you "Muslims" in the old (scriptures) and in this(scripture)... (Al-Hajj-78)
The Islam teaches that in order to achieve true piece of mind and heart, one must submit to
Allah Almighty and live according to His Divinely revealed commandments/law
The religion Islam is a complete code of life .It is the acceptance of and obedience to the
teachings of Allah Almighty He revealed to His Prophets. Islam is not a new
religion. It is, in essence, the same message and guidance which Allah revealed to all prophets 32
be fore Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him.
Allah says in the Quran:
"Say, `We believe in ALLAH and that which has been revealed to us,
and that which was revealed to

Abraham and Ismael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and in that
which was given to Moses and Jesus and other Prophets from their
Lord. We make no distinction between any of them and to HIM we
submit."
(Al-e-Imran: 84)

Islam comprises IMAAN & Ibadah (complete sub-mission to Allah

Almighty in every walk of life).

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FAITH (Iman/Aqeeda)
The fundamental beliefs (AQAID) which are the solid basis of a religion are called its
doctrines or Articles of faith. Every action of man is motivated by his beliefs. These beliefs (as
the directives), affect his mind, heart and his practices.

AQIDA-Meaning and Definition:

It is an Arabic word.The root of the word Aqida is ―Aqd‫عقيد‬

َ ‖which means to tie a knot.
Therefore ―Aqida‖ means something knotted. ―The firm and unchangeable belief of man is
called ―AQIDA‖.
We can illustrate the importance of beliefs with the example of seed. One's belief is like a
seed and one's action is the plant growing out of this seed. Obviously the plant contains the
characteristics possessed by the seed. Same is the relationship between one's belief and
actions. The better the belief is, the nobler the action will be. It is for this reason that all the
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Prophets of Allah Almighty started their preaching with an effort to reform the basic beliefs.
 Fundamental Beliefs (AQAID) of Islam:
All the Prophets emphasized the change of basic beliefs while taking up their
mission. The very basic and fundamental beliefs (Articles of faith) of Islam are
five. These are mentioned in the Holy Quran as:

But it is righteous to believe in Allah and the last day, the angels, the Book
and the messengers. (Albaqara: 177)

1-Oneness of Allah Almighty (TOUHEED)

2- Prophet Hood (RASALAT)
3- Angels (MALAIKAH)
4- Divine (Revealed) Books (KUTUB)
5- The Day of Judgment. (Hereafter) (AKHERAT) 35
TOUHEED (ONENESS OF ALLAH)

Among the Islamic beliefs, the first is TOUHEED .The Belief in the Oneness and Unity of
Allah".The root of the word TOUHEED is WAHAD which means One, so TOUHEED
means "Allah is One and Unique in all respect and aspect" and that human beings and all
things are His humble Creations and subordinates to Him. He alone is worthy of worship,
and He is alone RAB (Providence). He is the Creator and the Sustainer. The Holy Quran
says:
―Your God is One God; there is no God save Him, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
(Albaqara: 163)
All the prophets, Hazrat Adam (A.S) to Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) taught the Oneness
of Allah
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SHIRK (Polytheism) (Ascribing Partners to Allah Almighty)

The belief in the oneness of Allah is the first and foremost belief. Shirk
or the idea of any one sharing the authority of Allah is a later
development.
Shirk literally means "Sharing" or "Partnership". In terms of religion,
Shirk means to believe and accept some one as the sharer and partner
of Allah Almighty in His entity , worship, providence, His characteristics
or the demands thereof.

37
Causes (Motives) of Shirk:

The first human being on the earth i.e. Hazrat Adam, the first prophet, believed in the
oneness of Allah Almighty. He preached his fundamental belief to his offspring. As the human
population increased and scattered, the people forgot the teachings of Hazrat Adam and
started believing and worshipping many gods instead of one Allah Almighty.
1- Fear:
The people considered all horrible and powerful objects as gods and started idolizing them.
They fashioned the god of fire, god of sea and god of winds
2- Worldly Benefit:
Similarly they also started worshipping useful objects like cow.
3- Love & Respect:
People also started worshiping their rulers out of love and respect.
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The Greatest Wrong:

In the Holy Quran Shirk has been declared as great wrong. Allah Almighty says:
―False worship is indeed the highest wrong doing.‖ (Luqman-12)
Unforgiveable Sin:

In the Holy Quran Shirk has also been declared as the wrong that will not be forgiven.
Allah forgives not that equals should be set up with Him; but He forgives anything else,
to whom He pleases ;( Al-Nisa-48)

SALAAT
―SALAAT"ِ‫صلوۃ‬ٰ is Arabic word which means "to pray" or "to be near". This is the physical
worship that is binding on the faithful at a certain
time five times a day. This is the second pillar of Islam.

Establish regular prayers, and be not ye among those who join gods with Allah Almighty.
(Al Room-3) 39
TAQWA:

―Taqwa‖ means piety. It is a state of mind and heart (with faith and love of Allah almighty)
which prevents a man from evil deeds and persuades him to perform good actions.

FASTING (SOAM/ROZA)

In Arabic language ―Soam ‫ ‖صو‬means to stop oneself from an action, to abstain or to

control oneself.
In religious terms Sowm/Fasting is to stop oneself from eating, drinking and all other
desires for the whole day (from dawn to dusk) throughout the month of Ramazan.
Roza is a fundamental organ of Islam and according to the Holy Qur'an it was also made
compulsory for the previous Ummahs. Allah Almighty says:
Oh ye who believed fasting is prescribed to You as it was prescribed to those before
you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint.(Al Baqara-183)
The above verse indicates that Roza is compulsory and its compulsion is to attain piety.
According to the Holy Qur'an purpose of Fasting is to achieve (Taqwa) piety.
That ye may (learn) self-restraint.(Al Baqara-183) 40
Justice (ADL)
“Adl” is an Arabic word meaning 'justice'. In Islamic term, it is defined as; ―Put something on its
right place‖ while ―Insaaf‖ means even distribution.
Justice demands that every person should get his rightful dues. In a system based on justice all
the social matters are dealt with smoothly but injustice paralyses every part of society. Before the
advent of the Holy Prophet there was absolutely no concept of justice. The powerful and mighty
considered the pursuit of persecution as their right and the weak had to suffer it as their fate. Due
to introduction of Islam this chapter of persecution and tyranny was closed and a high standard of
justice was established in the world which eliminated all distinctions based on colour, race, nation,
and country. The barrier of hatred between different classes and groups of mankind was
demolished by Islam and all human beings became equal to one another.
Islam as a religion called for an equality among all mankind without any distinction in accordance
with the demand of justice. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
1. O Ye who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not
the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just; that is
next to piety‫(۔‬Al Maida-8)
2. And be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).(Al Hujraat-90
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ANY QUESTION

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THANK YOU

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