Exercise 4.
5 Solutions
A solution is formed when a solute is dissolved in a
solvent. The concentration of a solution is normally given
in mol dm−3. In this exercise, you will practise calculating
n
concentration in mol dm−3, using C = , and in g dm−3,
V
m
using C = , and calculating the concentration when a
V
solution is diluted. Finally, you will use a graphical method
to find the concentration of a coloured solution.
TIP
To convert concentration in g dm−3 into mol dm−3,
simply divide by the molar mass.
1 Convert the following volumes:
a 25 cm3 into dm3
b 100 cm3 into dm3
c 1 cm3 into dm3
d 0.05 dm3 into cm3
e 1.5 × 10−2dm3 into cm3
f 2.5 × 10−3dm3 into cm3
TIP
Make sure you use the correct units when calculating
concentrations. Concentration can be measured in g
dm−3 or in mol dm−3, but a common mistake is to use
cm3. Convert volumes when necessary.
2 Calculate the concentrations of the following solutions
in both g dm−3 and mol dm−3:
a 200 cm3 of solution containing 1 g of KOH
b 25 cm3 of solution containing 0.025 g of CuCl2
c 3.5 × 10−2dm3 of solution containing 14 mg of
KMnO4
TIP
Note that the volume of the solution is given and not
the volume of solvent that the solute is dissolved into.
This is because the volume can change when a solute
is added due to the forces of attraction between the
solute and solvent particles.
3 Calculate the concentrations of the following solutions:
a 10.2 g dm−3 Pb(NO3)2 in mol dm−3
b 4.6 g dm−3 MgCl2 in mol dm−3
c 0.01 mol dm−3 NaOH in g dm−3
4 Calculate the number of moles of solute present in
each of the following solutions:
a 25 cm3 of HCl with a concentration of 0.010 mol
dm−3
b 5.2 × 10−2 dm3 of CuSO4 with a concentration of
0.010 mol dm−3
c 100 cm3 of FeBr2 with a concentration of 2.5 ×
10−5 mol dm−3
5 Calculate the mass of solute present in each of the
following solutions:
a 10 cm3 of MnCl2 with a concentration of 1.5 mol
dm−3
b 25 cm3 of KI with a concentration of 0.020 mol
dm−3
c 2.000 dm3 of CH3COONa, where [CH3COONa] =
0.010 mol dm−3
TIP
The use of square brackets around the formula of a
substance in questions 5 and 6 means concentration
of. Square brackets around the symbol of a noble gas,
such as [Ne], means the electron configuration of that
noble gas (see Chapter 3). In Chapter 10 (Higher
Level only), you will meet a third use of square
brackets in complex ions.
6 Calculate the concentration of nitrate, NO3−, ions
present in the following solutions:
a [NaNO3] = 0.10 mol dm3
b [Cu(NO3)2] = 0.50 mol dm3
c [Al(NO3)3] = 1.5 × 10−3 mol dm3
7 Calculate the total number of moles of ions present in
1 dm3 of each of the solutions in question 6.
8 Calculate the concentration in mol dm3 of the following
standard solutions. The substances are all hydrated,
so they contain water of crystallisation.
a 100 cm3 of solution containing 1.00 g of
MgSO4•7H2O
b 250 cm3 of solution containing 1.00g of
CuSO4•5H2O
TIP
Water of crystallisation is only found in solids. It can be
thought of as water molecules trapped within the
crystal structure. As crystal structures are regular, the
amount of water trapped tends to be the same for a
given substance. This is represented in a formula by a
mid dot/bullet.
9 Calculate the concentration of a solution of HCl made
by adding sufficient water to 25.0 cm3 of a solution
with a concentration of 1.00 mol dm3 to a give a new
volume of 100.0 cm3.
TIP
The answer should be given to the same number of
significant figures as the fewest number of significant
figures used in data in the question.
10 Calculate the volume of a CuSO4 solution of
concentration 0.250 mol dm−3 that will be required to
make 200 cm3 of solution with a concentration of
0.150 mol dm−3.
