Guidelines for 2nd Year Pharmacology By Mam Ayesha Iqbal (FBNA) (03144550515)

Recommended book for 2nd Pharmacology 👇👇

1. Lippincott
2. Katzung

Marks distribution

Pharmacology : 70 marks

Mcqs 35 marks

Seqs 35 marks

Nursing methamatics: 20 marks

Mcqs 10 marks

Seq 10 marks

Internal assessment: 10 marks

 General pharmacology 09marks

 Drugs affecting ANS 09 marks
 Drugs affecting CNS 07 marks
 Drugs affecting hematology system 04 marks
 Drugs affecting CVS 07 marks
 Antineoplastic drugs 09 marks
 Drugs affecting endocrine system 07 marks
 Antimicrobials 09 marks
 Drugs affecting GIT system 04 marks
 Drugs affecting respiratory system 03 marks
 Drugs affecting ENT 02 marks
 General pharmacology
PHARMACOKINETICS

 Basic definitions for mcqs

 Branches of pharmacology ( pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics) imp
 Merits and demerits of route of drug administration imp
 Indications of parenteral route UHS
 Absorption of drug from GIT or across cell membrane
 Factors affecting absorption and distribution UHS
 Bioavailability and its factors UHS
 First pass Effect and its relation to BA imp UHS
 Define Vd and write down formula UHS
 Kinetics of metabolism imp for seq and mcq UHS
 Difference between 1st and zero order kinetics UHS
 Reactions of drug metabolism
 Phase 2 reactions UHS 2024
 Define the following
Steady state concentration
Maintenance dose
Loading dose

PHARMACODYNAMICS

 What is signal transduction

 Define receptors and enlist different Receptors families. Imp UHS
 G protein couple receptors imp.
 Define the following
o Signal amplification with example
o Desensitisation
o Down regulation
o Up regulation
o Intrinsic activity
o Potency
o Efficacy
o Therapeutic Index and its importance UHS
o Therapeutic window
o Median Effective dose
o Toxic dose
  Difference between graded dose and quantal dose response curve imp UHS
 Write down clinical importance of dose response curve.
 Agonist and antagonists with examples. Imp UHS

Drugs affecting autonomic nervous system

Introduction
 Overview of ANS
 Understanding of sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric neurons
 Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
 Read innervation by the ANS
 Figure 3.9 for mcqs

Cholinergic agonists / Mimic parasympathetic system

 Classification of cholinergic agonist for seq
 Neurotransmission at cholinergic neurons for mcqs imp UHS
 Understand different types of cholinergic receptors
 Ach uses and side effects UHS
 Bethanechol, carbachol for mcq
 Pilocarpine UHS 2024
 Endrophonium (diagnosis of myasthenia gravis)
 Physostigmine /Neostigmine/ Pyridostigmine imp for mcq
 Organophosphate poisoning and its treatment imp UHS
Cholinergic antagonists / parasympatholytic drugs
 Therapeutic classification of anti muscurainic agents (UHS)
 Atropine most imp UHS
 How to treat atropine adverse effects UHS
 Scopolamine for mcqs
 SAMA & LAMA for seq
 Classification of drugs that treat over reactive bladder
 Classification of neuromuscular blocking agents
 Mechanism of action of atracurium UHS
 Succinylcholine (adverse effects ) imp UHS
Adrenergic agonists / Mimic sympathetic system
 Classification
 Neurotransmission at adrenergic neurons for mcqs
 Understanding of types of adrenergic receptors IMP
 Difference between chatecholamine and non chatecholamine
 Epinephrine (Adrenaline UHS) and nor epinephrine imp
 Dopamine imp
 Dobutamine and clonidine
 Mixed adrenergic agonists UHS

Adrenergic antagonists
 Classification of alpha and beta blockers includind cardioselective and non cardio
selective drugs (UHS)
 Phenoxybenzamine for seq
 Prazosin and terazosin imp for mcqs
 Yohimbin for mcqs
 Propranolol (Uses, indications, adverse effects, contraindications) most imp UHS
 Drugs used to treat glaucoma imp
 Advantages of selective beta blockers
 Acebutalol, pindolol, labetalol, carvedilol for mcqs
 Read reserpine uses

Drugs affecting Central Nervous System

Drugs for neurodegenerative disease
 Classification of Anti Parkinson drugs (UHS)
 Classification of Anti Alzheimer and anti MS drugs
 Overview of Parkinson disease
 Read excitatory and inhibitory pathways
 Strategies for Tx of PD
 Levodopa and carbidopa most imp UHS
 Combination of carbidopa and levodopa (UHS)
 Remaining drugs for mcqs
 Dopamine receptors agonist imp for mcqs
 ON and OFF phenomenon
Anxiolytics and Hypnotic Drugs
 Classification
 Benzodiazepines for seq (UHS)
 Barbiturates uses and adverse effects for seq
 Which drug is used as anxiolytic for blind person.
 Table 9.11 for mcqs

Antidepressant
 Classification imp (Atypical) UHS
 SSRI for seq and mcqs
 Tricyclic antidepressant classification , MOA, adverse effects
 Lithium for mcqs

Antipsychotic drugs
 Classification
 First and 2nd generation difference
 Mechsnism of action , therapeutic uses and adverse effects seq
 Tardive dyskinesia
 Table 11.8 mcqs

Drugs for epilepsy

 Therapeutic Classification ( Focal seizures, grandma seizures, myoclonic, absence
seizure)
 Overview of seizure types
 MOA of antiseizure medicines
 Benzodiazepines , Gabapentin, valproic acid, lamitrigine imp for seq
 Phenytoin most imp (UHS)
 Remaining drugs for mcqs
 Tx of stats epilepticus

Anesthesia
 Classification of general and local anesthetic drugs (UHS)
 Anesthesia stages
 Isoflurane, Desflurane, sevoflurane for mcqs
 Sugammadex imp for mcqs
 Local anesthetics classification and for mcqs
  Malignant hyperthermia for seq UHS
 Propofol imp UHS
 Anesthetic adjuncts for mcqs (Enlist Preanesthetic medicines imp)

Opiods
 Morphine imp (UHS)
 Understanding of opioid receptors
 Indications and adverse effects and contraindications of opioids use UHS
 Nalaxon and naltrexone

Drugs affecting cardio vascular system

Antihypertensives
 Classification of Antihypertensives. (Repeated 4 times in UHS)
 Adverse effects of thiazides
 Mechanism of action of beta blockers in hypertension
 MOA and Adverse effect of ACE inhibitors UHS
 Clinincal indication of ACE inhibitors
 ARB for mcqs
 Calcium channel blockers for seq
 Drugs used to treat emergency hypertension
 Clonidine, methyldopa for mcqs
 Name vasodilators used to treat hypertensive UHS
 Adverse effects of Enalpril past papers

Diuretics
 Classification
 Fig 17.2 for mcqs
 Action sites of drugs for mcqs
 Complete chapter for seq
 Osmotic diuretics for mcqs

Drugs for heart failure

 Classification
 Intro just read for MCQ
  RAAS inhibitors imp seq
 ARNI imp SEQ
 HCN-gated channel blocker imp mcq
 Vasodilators classification UHS
 Inotropic drugs
 Digoxin most imp UHS
 Tx of digitalis toxicity UHS
 Order of therapy imp for mcq
 Fig. 18.11 imp

Antiarrhythmics
 Classification
 Fig. 19.4 MOA and comments
 MOA of each class drug
 Quinidine imp
 Lidocaine (MOA)
 Amiadrone imp
 Sotalol for mcqs
 Digoxin most imp
 Tx of digitalis toxicity UHS
 Adenosine, ranolazine, magnisum sulfate for mcqs

Antianginal drugs
 Classification UHS
 Types of angina overview
 Organic nitrates imp UHS
 Fig. 20.7 for mcqs

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet

 Introduction + coagulation pathway just read for concepts
 Classification UHS
 Aspirin it’s uses, side effects, mechanism imp for both MCQs and SEQs
 P2y12 and GP inhibitors read for mcqs
 Clopidogrel for seq
 Heparin and Warfarin uses, side effects mechanism imp for MCQs and SEQs
 Antidote for heparin and Warfarin very imp for MCQs
 Thrombolytic drugs for MCQs
  Alteplase mechanism imp for MCQs.
 Drugs for bleeding table imp for MCQs

Drugs for hyperlipidemia

 Classification
 HMG CoA reductase inhibitors for seq UHS
 Bile and bile acid sequestrants , omega 3 fatty acids for mcqs

Drugs for endocrine system

Pituitary and thyroid
 Overview of pituatary hormones
 Drugs for thyroid disorders UHS

Drugs for diabetes

 Overview of Type 1 And Type 2
 Classification very important, UHS
 In Insulin and insulin Analogs , understand mechanism of insulin release UHS
Read Pharmacokinetics. Adverse effects imp.
 Insulin preparations most imp repeated in UHS
 Insulin combinations for mcq
 Synthetic amylin analog Imp for both MCQs and SEQs
 Glucagon like peptide receptors agonist for mcq
 Oral agents
Classification , MOA, adverse effects imp (Sulfonylurease)
 Metphormin uses imp
 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors for mcqs
 Remaining drugs for mcqs

Estrogens and androgens

 Classification UHS
 Overview of uses and adverse effects

Adrenal hormones
 Uses of corticosteroids
 Chemotherapeutic drugs
Principles of antimicrobial therapy
 Overview of chapter for mcqs
 Bactreioststic vs bactericidal drugs (imp)
 MIC vs MBC (imp)
 Patient factors (read)
 Concentration and time dependent killing
 Chemotherapeutic spectrum (imp)
 Post antibiotic effect (read)
 Classification of Antimicrobial agents (most imp)

Cell wall inhibitors

 Classification
 Penicillin classification and its MOA , spectrum, uses, and adverse effects
 Cephalosporin classification and spectrum with adverse effects
 Beta lactamase inhibitors
 Vancomycin
 Remaining drugs must read.

Protein synthesis inhibitors

 Classification UHS
 Tetracycline
 Aminoglycosides
 Macrolids
 Chloramphenicol
 Remaining drugs must read

Quinolones and folic acid antagonists

 Classification
 Floroquinolones MOA, Spectrum, uses
 Sulfonamides
 Trimethoprim
 Cotrimazole
Antimicrobial drugs
 Classification UHS
 1st line drugs imp for seq
 Ethambutol imp
 Remaining chapter for mcqs

Antifungal drugs
 Classification
 Amphotericin B complete
 Azole antifungal classification, MOA
 Remaining drug’s spectrum anf adverse effects for mcqs.

Antiviral drugs
 Anti viral classification
 Mechanism of action, side effects and uses of acyclovir
 Anti retroviral therapy for HIV
 Ribavirin imp
 Adverse effects of NRTIs imp
 Adverse effects of protease inhibitors imp
 NNRTIS for mcqs

Anticancer drugs
 Overview of 1st 3 to 4 pages
 Enlist common adverse effects of anticancer drugs. UHS
 Classify anticancer drugs.
 Methotrexate comp
 Write down specific toxicity related to anticancer drug.
 Tamoxifen Mcq in UHS
 Platinium compounds
 Cyclophosphamide
 5 FU
 Enlist antmetabolite drugs with their specific route of administration UHS 2024
 Doxorubicine + Bleomycin
 Vincristine + Vinblastin mcq
 Proteasome inhibitors mcq
 You have to read each drug indications and adverse effect for mcq point of view
 Anti Cancer Imp MCQs points
 Fluorouracil :Irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase
 Hemorrhagic cystitis : Cyclophosphamide
 Cardiac toxicity:Doxorubicin
 Bortezomib.:Inhibition of the 26S proteasome
 Neuropathy : Vincristine
 Nephrotoxicity : Cisplatin (Also cause combination of symptoms like neurotoxicity,
ototoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, and severe nausea and vomiting)
 Pulmonary toxicity :Bleomycin
 Female breast cancers: Trastuzuma
 Methotrexate : Antagonist of folic acid by inhibiting di hydro folate reductase (DHFR)

Histamine and serotonin

 Symptomatic Tx of acute migraine

Antimalarial drugs
 Classification imp
 Therapeutic uses and adverse effects

Anti inflammatory and analgesic agents

 Aspirin UHS
 Ibuprofen
 Naproxen Acetaminophen

Respiratory drugs
 Classification
 Goal of therapy
 SABA and LABA imp UHS
 Fig. 39.3 imp
 Corticosteroids read
 Leukotriene modifier for mcqs imp UHS
 LAMA imp
 Inhalers techniques for your understanding

Drugs affecting GIT system

 Complete chapter for mcqs
Drugs for anemia
 Classification
 Treatment of anemia read
 Fig 42.2 imp for mcqs UHS
 Agents used to treat sickle cell disease
 Fig. 42.5 for mcqs

Guidelines for nursing mathematics

10 mcqs

 Concept of fraction, decimal and percentage.

 Understanding of ratio and proportion.
 Concept of abbreviations of time, route and drug administration.
 Have a command on SI, household, apothecary, and British system.
 Understanding of basic drugs abbreviations.
 Conversion of different SI units of weight, volume.
 Dosage calculation basic formulas.
 Dose conversions.

2 SEQS

 Dose calculations
 Dosage measuremet sytems
 Past papers

NOTE:

Prepare mcqs from katzung and Lippincott (CHAPter end mcqs)

ALL IMPORTANT DRUGS ARE HI LIGHTED IN GUIDELINES.
DRUGS IMPORTANT FROM UHS POUNT OF VIEW ALSO MARKED.
Must practice past papers of maths.
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