American University in the Emirates

College Of Education
Academic Year 2024 Semester Summer 1
Course Code - Instructor Dr. Seema Jaiswal
ASC – 203-1
Name
Class Assignment-II
Marks- 10
Date
Marks Obtained-
Student Name
Student-ID
Part:01-----------Newspaper Article
 Part:02
The French Revolution.

I. How did Enlightenment ideas influence the goals and outcomes of the French
Revolution?

The Enlightenment stimulated the French Revolution by means of selling liberty, equality,

and democracy. Thinkers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu challenged absolute

monarchy and encouraged for character rights and famous sovereignty. These ideas prompted

the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), which emphasized freedom

and equality as fundamental concepts (Poulsen, F. E.2023).

By wondering the monarchy’s authority and Church dominance, Enlightenment ideals

endorsed revolutionaries to abolish feudal privileges and set up a republic. The revolution’s

effect extended past France, inspiring democratic movements in America, Latin America, and

Europe. These principles hold to shape current political systems.

II. What role did the financial crisis, and the taxation system play in fuelling
revolutionary sentiment in France?
France’s severe economic crisis was a major cause of the French Revolution. Decades of

conflict, together with the Seven Years’ War and the American Revolution, left the us of a in

big debt. The monarchy’s extravagant spending worsened the crisis, forcing King Louis XVI

to searching for financial reforms. However, the privileged First and Second Estates (clergy

and the Aristocracy) have been largely exempted from taxes, placing the whole burden on the

Third Estate (commoners). This unfair taxation system brought about sizable resentment and

demands for change.

In 1789, the Estates-General changed into called to deal with the economic disaster, but it

uncovered deep divisions among the estates. The Third Estate, annoyed via its lack of
 illustration, broke away to form the National Assembly, marking the beginning of the

revolution. The monetary disaster and unfair taxation system fuelled public outrage, main to

mass protests, the storming of the Bastille, and in the end, the disintegrate of the monarchy.

III. How did the actions of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette contribute to
the outbreak of the revolution?
King Louis XVI indecisiveness and resistance to reform worsened France’s disaster. His

failure to address monetary issues and refusal to provide political illustration to the Third

Estate fuelled public anger. Queen Marie Antoinette’s lavish spending symbolized royal

extra, similarly alienating the people. Their tried escape in 1791 eroded trust, leading to their

arrest. Seen as enemies of the revolution, they had been completed in 1793, marking the quit

of absolute monarchy and strengthening the rush for a republic.

IV. What was the significance of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
during the French Revolution, and how did it influence later democratic
movements?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) turned into a landmark file of

the French Revolution, emphasizing liberty, equality, and fraternity. Inspired via

Enlightenment thoughts, it declared that every one guys had been born unfastened and same

and had rights to freedom, belongings, and security. It challenged the conventional privileges

of the clergy and nobility, promoting democratic governance and the rule of regulation (Paine,

T. (2022).

This record influenced later democratic moves worldwide, which include the American Bill

of Rights and 19th-century European revolutions. It became a basis for present day human

rights concepts, shaping constitutions and felony structures globally. By rejecting absolute

monarchy and feudal privileges, the statement hooked up the basis for citizen participation in

authorities, reinforcing ideas of famous sovereignty and social justice.

V. How did the role of women change during the French Revolution, and what
contributions did they make to the revolutionary cause?
 Women played a critical role in the French Revolution, worrying political and social rights.

They participated in protests just like the Women’s March on Versailles (1789), forcing the

king to deal with food shortages. Activists like Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of

the Rights of Woman, advocating gender equality. Women formed political clubs and

contributed to revolutionary causes, though they have been later excluded from power. Their

efforts laid the foundation for destiny Women rights movements and gender equality

struggles (Outram, D. 2022).

VI. How did the French Revolution influence nationalist and revolutionary movements

in other parts of the world?

The French Revolution stimulated nationalist and progressive moves global by means of

proving that monarchy and oppression could be overthrown. It influenced the Haitian

Revolution (1791-1804), leading to the primary independent Black republic. In Latin

America, leaders like Simón Bolívar adopted its ideals to combat for independence. The

revolution also fueled nineteenth-century European uprisings, promoting liberalism and

democracy. Its emphasis on human rights, equality, and self-rule fashioned present day

political structures and maintains to encourage movements for freedom and justice

(DeFronzo, J., 2021)

2. References:
Poulsen, F. E. (2023). The political thought of Anacharsis Cloots: a proponent of
cosmopolitan republicanism in the French revolution (p. 265). De Gruyter.
Paine, T. (2022). The Rights of Man. DigiCat.
Outram, D. (2022). The body and the French revolution: Sex, class and political culture.
Routledge.
DeFronzo, J., 2021. Revolutions and revolutionary movements. Routledge.
Part:03
Causes, Globalization, and Consequences of World War- I

World War-I was caused by both long-term tensions and instantaneous triggers. The long-

term reasons blanketed militarism, in which European powers built large armies, alliances

just like the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, imperial rivalries, and nationalism, which

fueled tensions, specifically in the Balkans. The instant cause changed into the assassination

of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914), which led Austria-Hungary to claim warfare on Serbia,

triggering a sequence reaction among allied international locations.

The conflict has become global as European colonies in Africa and Asia had been drawn into

the battle, whilst international locations like Japan and America joined for strategic reasons.

The Ottoman Empire and other international powers additionally have become concerned,

turning a local war right into an international battle.

The struggle’s outcomes have been profound. It led to hundreds of thousands of deaths, the

fall apart of empires, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, German, and Russian and the Treaty of

Versailles (1919), which imposed harsh consequences on Germany. The League of Nations

changed into formed to preserve peace, but unresolved tensions caused World War II. The

struggle also spurred technological advancements and social changes, including shifts in

women roles and the push for independence in colonized nations.