B-Indicator – An Android Application for Blind

and Visually impaired

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology

By

Shubhangee Kanade 14101C2001

Pooja Singh 14101C2043

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Santosh Tamboli

Department of Information Technology Engineering

Vidyalankar Institute of Technology

Wadala(E), Mumbai-400437

University of Mumbai

2016-17
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project entitled

“B-Indicator-An Android Application for Blind and Visually impaired”

is a bonafide work of

Shubhangee Kanade 14101C2001

Pooja Singh 14101C2043

Submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the

degree of

Undergraduate in “Information Technology”.

Guide Head of Department Principal

Prof. Santosh Tamboli Prof. Ajitkumar khachane Dr. Sunil A. Patekar

ii
 PROJECT REPORT APPROVAL FOR B. E.

This project report entitled B-Indicator – An Android Application for Blind

and Visually Impaired by

1. Shubhangee Kanade 14101C2001

2. Pooja Singh 14101C2043

is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Information

Technology.

Examiners

1.--------------------------------------------
-

2.--------------------------------------------
-

Date:

Place:
iii
 Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where others'
ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I
also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not
misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also
evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Name of student Roll No. Signature

1. Shubhangee Kanade 14101C2001

2. Pooja Singh 14101C2043

Date:

iv
 Acknowledgement

A project is said to be a planned set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and
within certain cost and other limitations. The success of every project depends on a number of
factors like the team working on it, the guide and people who help giving proper support and
inspiration.
We would like to take the opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our project guide Prof.
Santosh Tamboli for his valuable guidance and support throughout the process. He has always
been there to help us with doubts and difficulties. His guidance has played a very important role
for us.
Also, for arranging timely reviews and giving us proper prior instruction about the project events,
we would like to thank Prof. Deepali Nayak and Prof. Kanchan Dhuri.
Lastly, we would genuinely like to thank all those people who have been a part of this project and
have helped make this ongoing project a successful one till date.

SHUBHANGEE KANADE

POOJA SINGH

v
 Table of Contents
Chapter no. Page title Page No.
Abstract vii
List of figures viii
List of tables ix
1 Project overview 1
2 Introduction and Motivation 3
2.1. Theory behind the project 4
2.2. Problem definition 6
2.3. Need for project 7
3 Literature Survey 8
4 Analysis and Design 12
4.1. Process Model 13
4.2. Flow of project 16
4.3. Feasibility study 17
4.4. Cost analysis 19
4.5. Data Flow Diagrams 20
4.6. UML Diagrams 25
4.7. Technologies used 31
4.8. System architecture 34
5 Implementation 36
5.1. Graphical user interface 37
5.2. Code 43
5.3. Test cases 62
6 Conclusion and future scope 64
6.1. Conclusion 65
6.2. Future scope 66
7 References 67
 Abstract

The proposed system presents an application on mobile device which works based on speech
synthesis and speech recognition. It guides the blind people in travelling via local trains by
providing features like train schedule, ticket fare information, access to current location and
notification. When the application starts it speaks out all the menus (features mentioned previously)
listed on menu screen and then waits for the user input. To get train schedule information user
speaks the source and destination stations of journey and will get information of train one by one
coming at source station and will be going to particular destination provided by user. User needs to
follow the same procedure to get ticket fare information i.e. again here user only needs to provide
source and destination station input. In order to know the current location, user just requires to
speak the option my current location and user will get speech output of his/her whereabouts. There
is another interesting feature called Notification which notifies the user about the next coming
station before train reaches that particular station.

vii
 List of Figures

Sr. no. Figures Page no.

1 Figure 4.1: Iterative model 13
2 Figure 4.2: Iterative model design 14
3 Figure 4.3: Flowchart 16
4 Figure 4.4: DFD Level 1 21
5 Figure 4.5: DFD Level 2 23
6 Figure 4.6: Use Case diagram 25
7 Figure 4.7: Activity diagram 27
8 Figure 4.8: Class Diagram 30
9 Figure 4.9: System architecture 34

viii
 List of Tables

Sr. no. Tables Page no.

1 Table 4.1: LOC calculation 19

2 Table 5.1: Test cases 62

ix
PROJECT
OVERVIEW

1
1.Project Overview:
Project helps the blind or visually impaired people to get better experience while travelling through
local trains as application provides voice based response. When the matter comes for blind people
to travel via local trains they find theirselves in difficulty and they need someone’s assistance or
help in order to know which train is coming on platform, they need help to find the correct platform
until and unless there is an announcement for the same. Sometimes they also need to ask someone
in surrounding for the next coming station so that they can get down at their desire destination. So
this project finds a solution to this problem by giving all voice based features of M-Indicator such
as Train schedule related information i.e. train arrival time, platform on which the train will arrive
on source station as well as on destination station and train reaching time on destintion, ticket fare
information including single journey ticket, one month pass and quarterly pass all for both first
class and second class. Along with these two features Some additional features such as information
about the current location, and notification of upcoming railway station comes under this project
scope. So Overall the project provides completely new experience for the users to use application
which serves as a guide for them while travelling through local trains.

2
INTRODUCTION
AND
MOTIVATION

3
2.Introduction & Motivation
2.1. Introduction

Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the
world. It's the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast—every day another
million users power up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games,
and other digital content. Android gives us a world-class platform for creating apps and games for
Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing to them instantly.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics of June 2012, there lives a sum of 285
million visually impaired individuals across the globe with 39 million blind and 246 million with
low vision. Approximately 90% of these people live in bdeveloping countries and 82% of blind
people are aged 50 and above.

Problems faced by the blind people:

[1] They cannot walk independently due to the presence of local obstacles around them.
[2] They cannot read text printed in books, newspapers, etc. due to the absence of vision.
[3] They cannot find local objects required in our daily routine like our toothbrush, keys, cup, etc.
[4] They cannot navigate to the desired destination as they do not know the path to the destination.

One of the most common problems that many blind and visually impaired people experience is
their day-to-day challenge in coping with their impairment. Equipment such as Braille, reading glasses,
or a walking stick are just some of the few things that help visually impaired people get along with their
lives.

When talking about transportation there are many more problems that blind people face
especially when the time comes to use local transport. For sighted people living in Mumbai like
city, use of local transport specifically local trains has become simpler after launching an
application like M-Indicator. M-Indicator provide us a lots of features few of them are Schedules
for suburban trains( includes all four lines – Central line, western line, harbor line and trans-harbor
line), Platform number at which a particular train will halt and position of door from which to exit

4
etc. All these features helps us to travel via trains. But the problem with M-Indicator is it is totally
GUI based which makes it almost impossible to be used by blind people and visually impaired.

With the advancement of technology, a common Android smartphone equipped with specific
applications can aid visually impaired and blind people in functioning. Now-a-days android provide
built-in screen reader and voice recognition feature making it easy for blind people to use smart phones.

But still these features do not help blind people to use applications like M-Indicator. So we are
making an application named B-Indicator, here B stands for Blind, which converts the GUI based
application into a convenient application which blind people can use. It will help blind people and
visually impaired by providing better user friendly environment which will help in user satisfaction.
It helps blind people to get all related information such as train schedule, current location etc. and
make them travel as normal people via train. Not only blind people but normal people can use this
application to reduce the effort they put in typing manually.

The Project provides all voice-based features, By using Speech recognition and speech
synthesis approach, the proposed system will guide and help the blind and visually impaired as M-
Indicator helps sighted people.

Our project objective is to make the blind people to travel and use local transport just like a
normal people by overcoming all the difficulties which blind people usually face while traveling in
Mumbai through local trains.

5
2.2. Problem Definition:

The B-Indicator is a concept which converts the GUI based application into a convenient
application which blind people can use. It will help blind people and visually impaired by providing
better user friendly environment which will help in user satisfaction. It helps blind people to get all
related information such as train schedule, current location etc. and make them travel as normal
people via train. Not only blind people but normal people can use this application to reduce the
effort they put in typing manually.

Since interaction will be easy, both the blind and the visually impaired are benefited as follows:

1. Number of blind people using local trains to travel may increase as they already will have an a
application to guide them.

2. Less questions they need to ask others to navigate themselves.

6
2.3.Need for the project
If we are at new place and we are travelling through local transport especially local trains,
then usually people in Mumbai take help of m-indicator and travel easily. But blind people are not
able to use m-indicator as it is GUI based. Blind people new to Mumbai or want to travel may use
transportation services like train, bus, auto, taxi, metro, mono, ferry etc. But while travelling
through train they may not know when the train will come and on which platform until and unless
there is an announcement or they ask someone for it.

So we have made an android application named “B-Indicator” for blind people to overcome all the
difficulties which they face while they travel via local trains by providing speech input and output
making blind people to feel ease while travelling.

7
LITERATURE
SURVEY

8
3. Literature Survey
Android Text Messaging Application For Visually Impaired People:

This paper presents the application of android’s Voice-To-Text and Text-To-Voice using android
platform for mobile devices. Messaging System presented in this paper is Voice enabled. The
application listens to your messages and then responds with voice commands by talking. The
application converts your text into voice and voice into text.

What we learnt from this paper?

Implementing speech synthesis and speech recognition functions are quite easy in Android specific
application due to in-built support provided by android platform Google APIs. Speech synthesis is
used for converting text into voice. Similarly speech recognition is used for converting voice taken
as input into text.
The application provides total voice interaction i.e. application provides guide that consists of
voice based instructions, i.e. in that voice commands are explained to user for performing various
operations. User will interact with application completely through voice commands, so it will
provide better user interface and interaction facility. All notifications and alerts received from SMS
are processed in voice by the application.

ARM7 based Smart bus Passenger-Alert System using GSM with GPS based Location
Identification:

In this paper solution to the main problems are presented which are faced by passengers who use
bus as a means of their transportation. The main reasons for the discomfort are unpredictable bus
schedules have made it virtually impossible to estimate the time of arrival at the required
destination. This paper present an intelligent real time alarming system which senses the destination
location which is taken as input from the passenger. This system also includes android mobile alert
application. After the passenger reached the destination, bus system alert the passenger through

9
SMS with android application in passenger mobile and also assisted with alarming system in case
of excessive amount of temperature in case of smoke identification which leads to the fire accidents
.this has become a serious problem in ac buses now a days.

What we learnt from this paper?

In this alert system the input is given by the passenger to device connected to the bus which in
turn is linked with the GPS system for the purpose of location identification .Once the destination
of the passenger is reached the alarm is triggered in passenger’s mobile through an SMS which is
done with the help of GSM system.
In other words we can say that we can make use of GPS to access user’s current location and
can let the user notified by SMS notification with the help of GSM.

Voice Commands Control Recognition Android Apps:

This paper presents the selection of the menu using hand gestures. The method X, Y plane
translation of the finger is used by holding them across the boundary. The fingers are to be moved
in arc shape for particular menu selection. It also allows selection of menu in multi-level data of
menus and provides ease of navigation between and through the menus by free hand gestures.

What we learnt from this paper?

Menu format enables to learn and use hand gestures to perform actions onscreen, spot icons and
their meanings and navigating the menu. Navigations through and between the graphical user
interface of the menu structure is done using gesture states like X and Y translations of the finger of
user with boundary crossing.

Passenger Bus Alert System For Easy Navigation Of Blind:

This paper presents passenger bus alert system for blind in which the blind people at the bus station
is provided with a ZigBee unit which is recognized by the ZigBee in the bus and the indication is
made in the bus that the blind person is present at the station. So the bus stops at the particular

10
station. The desired bus that the blind want to take is notified to him with the help of speech
recognition system HM2007. The blind gives the input about its destination using microphones and
the voice recognition system recognizes it. The input is then analyzed by the microcontroller which
generates the bus numbers corresponding to the location provided by the blind. These bus numbers
are converted into audio output using the voice synthesizer APR 9600. The ZigBee transceiver in
the bus sends the bus number to the transceiver with the blind and the bus number is announced to
the blind through the headphones. The blind takes the right bus parked in front of him and when the
destination is reached it is announced by means of the GPS-634R which is connected with the
controller and voice synthesizer which produces the audio output. This project is also aimed at
helping the elder people for independent navigation.

What we learnt from this paper?

Primarily, the blind person in the bus station is identified with RF communication. The blind
informs the location he needs through the microphone which is given to the voice recognition
system which produces the output of bus numbers in the voice synthesizer unit which is heard in
headset. Then this location is transmitted to the transceiver in the bus. If the names in the
transceiver in the bus matches with that of the name send by the blind, then there is an alarm in the
bus unit alerting the presence of blind and a voice to the user's headset that the particular bus has
arrived.
With the help of GPS tracker connected with audio output the destination chosen by the blind
is intimated when the bus reaches the correct location. PDA's can be used for GPS tracking but it is
not cost effective.

11
ANALYSIS
AND
DESIGN

12
4. Analysis and Design
4.1. Process Model Used for the Project:

The model used for the project is Iterative model.

The reason for using the Iterative model is that, the proposed system basically consist of many
development and testing cycle. In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple
implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving
versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.

After the completion of one cycle we had got a better idea about the implementations and the
improvements to be made in the next cycle.

An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full specification of requirements.
Instead, development begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software, which is
then reviewed in order to identify further requirements. This process is then repeated, producing a
new version of the software at the end of each iteration of the model.

Figure 4.1: Iterative model

13
Why Iterative model?

 Also we had a clear overall idea of the project after the first cycle itself.
 Since our project had many models to be implemented, after every iterative cycle it
was clear as to how the features will appear and what are the necessary changes to
be implemented in the coming cycles.

Iterative Model - Design

Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software

requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented.
At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. The
basic idea behind this method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in
smaller portions at a time (incremental).

The following illustration is a representation of the Iterative and Incremental model –

Figure 4.2: Iterative model design

14
 Iterative and Incremental development is a combination of both iterative design or iterative
method and incremental build model for development. "During software development, more than
one iteration of the software development cycle may be in progress at the same time." This process
may be described as an "evolutionary acquisition" or "incremental build" approach."

In this incremental model, the whole requirement is divided into various builds. During each
iteration, the development module goes through the requirements, design, implementation and
testing phases. Each subsequent release of the module adds function to the previous release. The
process continues till the complete system is ready as per the requirement.

The key to a successful use of an iterative software development lifecycle is rigorous

validation of requirements, and verification & testing of each version of the software against those
requirements within each cycle of the model. As the software evolves through successive cycles,
tests must be repeated and extended to verify each version of the software.

4.2. Flow of project

15
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the
steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic
representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing,
designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.

16
4.3. Feasibility Study:

Technical Feasibility

The implemented proposed system i.e., B-Indicator – An Android Application for blind and
visually impaired, is totally based on the android technology and our whole concept is based on
recognition of user’s voice using microphone.

Android is the most popular operating system for mobile devices and is easy to use. Among
operating system of all the mobile devices of current market 80% operating system are of Android.
So we have used Android as the Operating System platform. To store the data of train schedule and
ticket fare information we have used SQLite database as android provides in-built support for
SQLite databases. The other requirements for the proposed system would be laptop and the android
enabled smart phone.

Economic Feasibility

 Start-Up Costs:
In our system, the equipment needed would be Smart phone, laptop. Total Cost of acquiring
these equipment would be up to Rs.37000. (Cost will be low if one posses these things.)

 Source of Financing:
The source of financing would be the two students working on the project itself.

17
User Feasibility

From user perspective, our system is very user-friendly, just the user has to carry this smart
phone and open an application. Once our application gets open it will speak out all the features of
our application and tell the user to select one of them. The moment user calls he feature the
application will navigate the user to the corresponding next activity and similarly keeps on working
user command. In short the application recognizes each and every command of user and provide
instant response in the form of speech.

18
4.4. Cost Analysis:

Cost analysis using COCOMO Model:

LOC Calculation:

Folder SLOC

1 SQL Files 1997

2 Java Database provider files 118

3 Java Files for Activities 3380

4 XML Files for User Interface 544

5 TOTAL 6039

Table 4.1: LOC Calculation

Estimation of Development Effort:

E ( efforts in person month ) = 3 * KLOC ^ 1.12 = 3 * 6 ^1.12 = 3*7.44 = 22.32 PM

Estimation of Development Time:

D ( Development time in months ) =
2.5 * E ^ 0.35 = 2.5 * (22.32)^0.35 = 2.5 * 2.97 = 7.425 months

P ( Total no. of persons required to accomplish project) = E / D = 22.32 / 7.425 = 3 persons

19
4.5. DFD (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM)

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modelling its process aspects. A DFD is often used as a preliminary step to
create an overview of the system without going into great detail, which can later be elaborated.
DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, how the data
will advance through the system, and where the data will be stored.

LEVEL 0 DFD

Figure 4.4: DFD Level 0

 DFD Level 0 is also called a Context Diagram. It’s a basic overview of the whole system or
process being analyzed or modeled. It’s designed to be an at-a-glance view, showing the system
as a single high-level process, with its relationship to external entities. It should be easily
understood by a wide audience, including stakeholders, business analysts, data analysts and
developers.
 In this level 0 basic flow of the B-Indicator system is shown, that is the user request the query
and as a output of query it gets the query response.

20
LEVEL 1 DFD

Figure 4.5(a): DFD Level 1

21
 DFD Level 1 provides a more detailed breakout of pieces of the Context Level Diagram.
You will highlight the main functions carried out by the system, as you break down the
high-level process of the Context Diagram into its sub-processes.

 Here in Level 1 of the The B-Indicator, the main functions of the system are highlighted,
like the getting information related to train schedule and related to the user’s current
location.

22
LEVEL 2 DFD

Figure 4.5(b): DFD Level 1

23
 DFD Level 2 then goes one step deeper into parts of Level 1.It may require more text to
reach the necessary level of detail about the system’s functioning.

 Here in the level 2 the system remains same as level 1 but goes one step deeper as it
describes that train related query can be train schedule information or it can be ticket fare
information. Similarly location based query can be further divided in current location access
and notification of coming station.

24
4.6.UML diagrams

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language which is used in object oriented software
engineering. Although typically used in software engineering it is a rich language that can be used
to model an application structures, behavior and even business processes.

4.6.1. Use case

Figure 4.6: Use Case diagram

25
A use case is a list of actions or event steps, typically defining the interactions between a role
(known in the Unified Modeling Language as an actor) and a system, to achieve a goal. The actor
can be a human or other external system
Following is the explanation of the use case diagram of B-Indicator System :
 Title (goal): To see the 3D model of the food item on the screen of the phone before eating.
 Primary Actor: User.
 Scope :Used for railway transportation by blind people in mumbai.
 Level :User level.
 Story: The user can open the application anywhere anytime to get the related information
of locals. User can open the application and choose any feature among train schedule
information, ticket fare, current location information and notification for the next coming
station. In order to use features like current location and notification user needs internet
connection and location service on in his/her smartphone.

4.6.2. Activity diagram

26
Figure 4.7.1: Activity for notification Figure 4.7.2: Activity for train schedule

Figure 4.7.3: Activity for Current location access

27
Figure 4.7.4: Activity diagram for Project(B-Indicator)

28
Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow from one activity to another
activity.

Following is the explanation of the Use case diagram of The Rolling Cuisine:

• After initialization of the app, the user is given a choice of feature selection.

• Once the feature is selected the corresponding activity gets started.

• The application takes the input from user and if input is valid the corresponding
command gets executed..

• After processing user input, output of the processing is displayed and spoken by the
speaker.

29
4.6.3: Class Diagram

Figure 4.8: Class diagram

30
4.7. Technologies Used

4.7.1. Hardware

Smart Phone

 Android : Jellybean 4.3 and above.

 Processor : 1Ghz and above.

 Speaker and mic

4.7.2. Software

 Android Studio 2.1.2

 SQLite Browser

 JDK 1.7 or above

31
4.6.2.1. SQLite

 "Stand-alone" or "Self-contained"
 Provides a lightweight disk-based database that doesn’t require a separate server process
 "zero-configuration" database engine.
 Multiplatform

4.6.2.2. Android

 Open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile deviceo

 Developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.
 Multi-touch and multi-tasking
 Based on the open-source webkit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 javascript engine
supporting HTML5 and CSS3.
 Multi-language
 Provide Google Cloud Messaging service
 Integrated support for sqlite database

32
JAVA Programming Language.

Android applications are developed using the Java language. As of now, that’s really your only
option for native applications. Java is a very popular programming language developed by Sun
Microsystems (now owned by Oracle). Developed long after C and C++, Java incorporates many of
the powerful features of those powerful languages while addressing some of their drawbacks. Still,
programming languages are only as powerful as their libraries. These libraries exist to help
developers build applications.

Some of the Java’s important core features are:

 It’s easy to learn and understand

 It’s designed to be platform-independent and secure, using virtual machines
 It’s object-oriented

Android relies heavily on these Java fundamentals. The Android SDK includes many standard Java
libraries (data structure libraries, math libraries, graphics libraries, networking libraries and
everything else you could want) as well as special Android libraries that will help to develop
awesome Android applications.

Other Features of Java

 Simple
 Architectural Neutral
 Portable
 Multi Threading
 Distributed
 Networked
 Robust
 Dynamic
 High Performance
 Interpreted

33
4.8. System Architecture

The system architecture is as following:

Figure 4.8: System architecture

34
A system architecture is a conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and more views of
a system. An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system,
organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system. A
system architecture can comprise system components that will work together to implement the
overall system.

Following is the System architecture flow for B-Indicator system:

Hardware Component:
The Hardware component consists of Smart phone Mic as a Voice recognizer (Input) and Screen of
the phone and speaker are used to get output.

Mic:
Mic here is used as a Input /Sensor for recognizing the voice of user .and once the voice is
recognized by the mic it is processed and the corresponding query is fired and output of the same
spoke by the speaker of the android smart phone.

Speaker:
The speaker of the android smart phone is used to speak the output of the query execution.

35
IMPLEMENTATION

36
5.Implementation

5.1. Graphical User Interface

1) Initial page and menu screen

37
2) Displaying Train schedule input screen

38
3) Displaying Train schedule information

39
4) Ticket Fare option screen 5) Ticket Fare input screen

40
6) Displaying Ticket fare information 7) Displaying current location of user

41
8) Displaying Notification of coming station

42
5.2.Code

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.mahesh.bindicator">

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/app_icon"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".Dao.Splash_Screen">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".Dao.Train_Src_Dest" />
<activity android:name=".Dao.MainActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Dao.ShowTrainSchedule" />
<activity android:name=".Dao.ShowFare" />
<activity android:name=".Dao.UserLocation" />
<activity android:name=".Dao.Notification_Enable" />
</application>
</manife

43
activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="16dp"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

<ListView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/list1"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="text"
android:id="@+id/opt_txt"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

44
MainActivity.java

package com.example.mahesh.bindicator.Dao;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.mahesh.bindicator.R;
import com.example.mahesh.bindicator.pojo.RowItem;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements

AdapterView.OnItemClickListener,TextToSpeech.OnInitListener {

ListView myListView;
List<RowItem> rowItems;
String[] text1;
TypedArray icon;
TextToSpeech textToSpeech; //text to speach object
String txt_speech;
private final int SPEECH_RECOGNITION_SRC_CODE = 1;
private TextView opt_txt;

@Override

45
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
rowItems = new ArrayList<RowItem>();

text1 = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.titles);
icon = getResources().obtainTypedArray(R.array.icon);

for(int i=0; i<text1.length; i++){

RowItem item = new RowItem(text1[i], icon.getResourceId(i, -1));
rowItems.add(item);
}

myListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list1);

MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this, rowItems);
myListView.setAdapter(adapter);

myListView.setOnItemClickListener(this);

textToSpeech = new TextToSpeech(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.this);

opt_txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.opt_txt);
opt_txt.setFocusable(false);
opt_txt.setEnabled(false);
opt_txt.setCursorVisible(false);
}

// after listView item click

@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id){
//String text1 = rowItems.get(position).getText1();
//Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "" + text1, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

46
 }
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
textToSpeech.shutdown();
super.onDestroy();
}

@Override
public void onInit(int Text2SpeechCurrentStatus) {

if (Text2SpeechCurrentStatus == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) {
textToSpeech.setLanguage(Locale.US);
// button.setEnabled(true);
txt_speech = "Welcome to B Indicator. press volume up button and speak one of the option
Train Schedule Fare my current location Notification User Query ";
TextToSpeechFunction(txt_speech);
}
}
//End text to speach

//voice recognization
@Override
public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
int action = event.getAction();
int keyCode = event.getKeyCode(); //get volume event
switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP:
if (action == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN opt_txt.setFocusable(true);
opt_txt.setEnabled(true);

47
 opt_txt.setCursorVisible(true);
startSpeechToTextOpt();
//delay function
Handler delayHandler= new Handler();
Runnable r=new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run() {

// Call this method after 10000 milliseconds

String str = opt_txt.getText().toString();

if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("Train Schedule") || str.equalsIgnoreCase("Fare") ||

str.equalsIgnoreCase("Fair") || str.equalsIgnoreCase("My Current Location") ||
str.equalsIgnoreCase("Notification") || str.equalsIgnoreCase("User Query")){
txt_speech = "You select the option " + str;
TextToSpeechFunction(txt_speech);
goToNextActivity(str);
}
else{
String err_str = "You enter wrong input Please Speak again by pressing
Volume Up Button";
TextToSpeechFunction(err_str);
opt_txt.setText("");
}
}
};
delayHandler.postDelayed(r, 10000);
}
return true;
default:

48
 return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
}
//after choosing option goto next activity
private void goToNextActivity(String str){
if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("Train Schedule")){
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, Train_Src_Dest.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
else if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("Fare") || str.equalsIgnoreCase("Fair")){
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, FareOption.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
else if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("My Current Location")){
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, UserLocation.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
else if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("Notification")){
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, Notification_Enable.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
else if(str.equalsIgnoreCase("User Query")){
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this, ClientSocket.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
}
}

49
Train_Src_Dest.java

package com.example.mahesh.bindicator.Dao;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
import android.content.Intent;
;
import android.speech.RecognizerIntent;
import android.support.v4.view.GestureDetectorCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.GestureDetector;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
public class Train_Src_Dest extends AppCompatActivity
implements TextToSpeech.OnInitListener,
GestureDetector.OnGestureListener,
GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener {

TextToSpeech textToSpeech;
private final int SPEECH_RECOGNITION_SRC_CODE = 1;
private final int SPEECH_RECOGNITION_DEST_CODE = 2;
private EditText src_txt, dest_txt;

int curr_time;
String txt_speech;
String weekDay;
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
Cursor c = null;
Cursor c1 = null;
String side,dist_table_name;//used while data retrieve

50
String src;
String dest;

//variable for counting two successive up-down events

int clickCount = 0;
//variable for storing the time of first click
long startTime;
//variable for calculating the total time
long duration;
//constant for defining the time duration between the click that can be considered as double-tap
static final int MAX_DURATION = 500;

// GestureDetector variable
private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "Gestures";
private GestureDetectorCompat mDetector;

//store train schedule

ArrayList<Train_Data> trainDataList;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.train_src_dest);

textToSpeech = new TextToSpeech(Train_Src_Dest.this, Train_Src_Dest.this);

src_txt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.src_txt);

dest_txt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.dest_txt);

SimpleDateFormat dfMin = new SimpleDateFormat("mm");

SimpleDateFormat dfHr = new SimpleDateFormat("HH");

51
 String curr_hr = dfHr.format(calendar.getTime());
String curr_min = dfMin.format(calendar.getTime());
int currHour = Integer.parseInt(curr_hr)*60;
int currMin = Integer.parseInt(curr_min);
curr_time = currHour + currMin;

//day of week
SimpleDateFormat dayFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("EEEE", Locale.US);
weekDay = dayFormat.format(calendar.getTime());

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
textToSpeech.shutdown();
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public void onInit(int Text2SpeechCurrentStatus) {

if (Text2SpeechCurrentStatus == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) {
textToSpeech.setLanguage(Locale.US);
// button.setEnabled(true);
txt_speech = "Enter Source by pressing volume up button";
TextToSpeechFunction(txt_speech);
}
}

//End text to speech

//voice recognization
@Override
public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {

52
 int action = event.getAction();
int keyCode = event.getKeyCode(); //get volume event

//double tab for go to next

public void getData(){
//getdata
trainDataList = new ArrayList<Train_Data>();

src = src_txt.getText().toString();
dest = dest_txt.getText().toString();
String sql,sql1;
int dist = 0;
Intent intent=new Intent(Train_Src_Dest.this, ShowTrainSchedule.class);
/*String[] separated = curr_time.split(":");
int CThour =Integer.parseInt(separated[0]); // this will contain "H"
int CTmin = Integer.parseInt(separated[1]); // this will contain " mm"
String[] separated1 = curr_time.split(" ");
String CTam_pm = separated1[1];//this will contain "AM/PM" */

if(dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Panvel")){
side="towards_panvel";
}
else if(src.equalsIgnoreCase("Panvel") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Thane") ||
src.equalsIgnoreCase("Vashi")){
side="towards_thane";
}
else if(dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Vashi")){
side="towards_vashi_v";
}
else if(src.equalsIgnoreCase("Thane")){

53
 if(dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Airoli") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Rabale") ||
dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Ghansoli") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Koparkhairne") ||
dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Turbhe") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Juinagar") ||
dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Nerul") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Seawood") ||
dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Belapur") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Kharghar") ||
dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Manasarovar") || dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Khandeshwar"))
side="towards_panvel";
}
else if(src.equalsIgnoreCase("Airoli")){
if(dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Thane"))
side="towards_thane";

else if(src.equalsIgnoreCase("Thane") || src.equalsIgnoreCase("Airoli") ||

src.equalsIgnoreCase("Rabale") || src.equalsIgnoreCase("Ghansoli") ||
src.equalsIgnoreCase("Koparkhairne") || src.equalsIgnoreCase("Turbhe")){
if(dest.equalsIgnoreCase("Sanpada"))
side="towards_vashi_v";
}

if(side.equalsIgnoreCase("towards_vashi_v") ||
side.equalsIgnoreCase("towards_thane_v")){
dist_table_name="Dist_min_vashi_thane";
}
else{
dist_table_name="Dist_in_min";
}
}

54
UserLocation.java

package com.example.mahesh.bindicator.Dao;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.example.mahesh.bindicator.R;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;

public class UserLocation extends AppCompatActivity implements TextToSpeech.OnInitListener{

private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = 2;

String mPermission = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
GPSTracker gps;
TextToSpeech textToSpeech; //text to speach object
String txt_speech;
private final int SPEECH_RECOGNITION_SRC_CODE = 1;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.user_location);
textToSpeech = new TextToSpeech(UserLocation.this, UserLocation.this);

55
 try {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{mPermission},
REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
textToSpeech.shutdown();
super.onDestroy();
}
}

56
Noyification.java

package com.project.afinal.location_finder;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.location.Address;
import android.location.Geocoder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class notification extends AppCompatActivity implements TextToSpeech.OnInitListener {

TextToSpeech textToSpeech;
GPSTracker gps = new GPSTracker(notification.this);
private Switch s1;
private TextView tv, tvs;
String txt_speech,next_stat;

Map<String, Double> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Double>();

String direction="hanuman mandir to v i t";
int st =0;

@Override

57
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_notification);
textToSpeech = new TextToSpeech(notification.this, notification.this);
s1 = (Switch)findViewById(R.id.switch1);
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv1);
tvs = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv2);
linkedHashMap.put("thane_lat", new Double(19.1864587));
linkedHashMap.put("thane_lon", new Double(72.9754684));
linkedHashMap.put("airoli_lat", new Double(19.1585059));
linkedHashMap.put("airoli_lon", new Double(72.9988718));
linkedHashMap.put("rabale_lat", new Double(19.1366935));
linkedHashMap.put("rabale_lon", new Double(73.0030762));
linkedHashMap.put("ghansoli_lat", new Double(19.1164622));
linkedHashMap.put("ghansoli_lon", new Double(73.0068541));
linkedHashMap.put("koparkhairane_lat", new Double(19.1032275));
linkedHashMap.put("koparkhairane_lon", new Double(73.0114058));
linkedHashMap.put("turbhe_lat", new Double(19.0762177));
linkedHashMap.put("turbhe_lon", new Double(73.0177009));
/* linkedHashMap.put("sanpada_lat", new Double(19.0661156));
linkedHashMap.put("sanpada_lon", new Double(73.0093485));
linkedHashMap.put("vashi_lat", new Double(19.0630606));
linkedHashMap.put("vashi_lon", new Double(72.9989048));*/
linkedHashMap.put("juinagar_lat", new Double(19.0558078));
linkedHashMap.put("juinagar_lon", new Double(73.0182052));
linkedHashMap.put("nerul_lat", new Double(19.033509));
linkedHashMap.put("nerul_lon", new Double(73.0181354));
linkedHashMap.put("seawoods-darave_lat", new Double(19.0219794));
linkedHashMap.put("seawoods-darave_lon", new Double(73.0193129));
linkedHashMap.put("belapurCBD_lat", new Double(19.0189644));
linkedHashMap.put("belapurCBD_lon", new Double(73.0392069));

58
 linkedHashMap.put("kharghar_lat", new Double(19.0264714));
linkedHashMap.put("kharghar_lon", new Double(73.0595161));
linkedHashMap.put("mansarovar_lat", new Double(19.0167379));
linkedHashMap.put("mansarovar_lon", new Double(73.0805558));
linkedHashMap.put("khandeshwar_lat", new Double(19.0074616));
linkedHashMap.put("khandeshwar_lon", new Double(73.0947554));
linkedHashMap.put("panvel_lat", new Double(18.990894));
linkedHashMap.put("panvel_lon", new Double(73.1207371));
linkedHashMap.put("hanuman mandir vadala_lat", new Double(19.0221322));
linkedHashMap.put("hanuman mandir vadala_lon", new Double(72.8660294));
linkedHashMap.put("sangam nagar taxi stand_lat", new Double(19.0216567));
linkedHashMap.put("sangam nagar taxi stand_lon", new Double(72.8695176));
linkedHashMap.put("v i t_lat", new Double(19.0214));
linkedHashMap.put("v i t_lon", new Double(72.87072));
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
textToSpeech.shutdown();
super.onDestroy();
}

@Override
public void onInit(int Text2SpeechCurrentStatus) {

if (Text2SpeechCurrentStatus == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) {
textToSpeech.setLanguage(Locale.US);
if(s1.isChecked()){
txt_speech = "Notification service is already running.Now before train reaches next
station you will be notified. To disable notification press volume down button";
chk_speaker(txt_speech);
double lat = gps.getLatitude();

59
 double lon = gps.getLongitude();
get_notification(lat,lon);

}
else {
txt_speech = "press volume up button to enable notification";
TextToSpeechFunction(txt_speech);
}
}
}

void enable_notification() {
String sp = "You are at " + result;
chk_speaker(sp);

if (p1 <= lat && lat <= t1 && t2 <= lon && lon <= p2 ) {
s1.setChecked(true);
txt_speech = "You have enabled notification.Now you will be notified before train reaches
next station .";
chk_speaker(txt_speech);
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Log.d("at line 187", "ho gaya run lat="+lat+" lon="+lon);
get_notification(lat,lon);
// show_tv2();
}
}, 4000);
}
else{
txt_speech= "You can enable notification only when you will aboard the train.";

60
 chk_speaker(txt_speech);
}
}

@Override
public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
int action = event.getAction();
int keyCode = event.getKeyCode(); //get volume event

switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_VOLUME_UP:
if (action == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
if(s1.isChecked()) {
txt_speech = "Notification service is already running.Now before train reaches next
station you will be notified.";
chk_speaker(txt_speech);
double lat = gps.getLatitude();
double lon = gps.getLongitude();
get_notification(lat,lon);
}
else{
enable_notification();
}
}
}
return true;
}

61
5.3.Test Cases

ID Title Pre- Steps to execute Actual Expected Status

requisite Result Result

1. Recognizing Enough Press volume up Voice Voice Pass

user’s voice volume button and Speak the command command is to
command recognized be recognized

2. Text to Enough After processing the Text is Text is to be Pass

speech volume output is displayed successfully converted into
converter and spoken by the converted speech.
speaker into speech.

3. Display and Enough After taking source Train Train schedule Pass
speak train volume and destination input schedule information is
schedule train schedule is information to be displayed
displayed from is displayed and spoken by
current time and spoken the speaker.
onwards and spoken by the
by the speaker. speaker.

4. Display and Enough After taking source Ticket fare is Ticket fare is Pass
speak ticket volume and destination input displayed to be
fare ticket fare is and spoken displayed
information displayed and spoken by the

62
 by the speaker speaker.

5. Display and Enough Select current Current Current Pass

speak volume location option and location is location is to
Current press volume up displayed be displayed
location button. and spoken and spoken by
by speaker. speaker.

6. speak Enough Select notification Notification Notification of Pass

Current volume option and press of next next coming
location and volume up button to coming station is to be
notify about enable notification. station is spoken by
the coming spoken by speaker.
station speaker.

63
CONCLUSION
AND
FUTURE SCOPE

64
6. Conclusion and future scope

6.1. Conclusion

The System is very useful for blind and visually impaired people who are residing in mumbai, and
use local trains as a mean of their transportation .The System provides ease to see train schedule,
information about ticket fare, access to their current location and provide location based
notifications. The System is highly scalable and user friendly. Almost all the system objectives
have been met. The System has been tested under all criteria. The System resolves the GUI problem
of existing application i.e. M-Indicator and provides a better user experience. All phases of
development were conceived using methodologies. The system executes successfully by fulfilling
the objectives of the project.

65
6.2. Future Scope

 Resolving user’s personal query

In case the user stuck somewhere or have query related to delay in train arrival or
having query related to application usage then user will be able to ask real time query to
administrator and administrator can respond back to user at same point of time.

 Adding other features of M-Indicator such as Metro, Mono, Bus, express, taxi etc.
Along with local trains blind people and visually impaired also use other local
transport such as Metro, Mono, Buses, taxi, Auto rickshaw etc. User will be able to use
these features as provided by M-Indicator too.

 Multilingual
Making application multilingual will enable user to use language they are
comfortable with.

66
REFERENCES

67
7. References
[1] WHO. (2014, August) Visual impairment and blindness. Archived at
http://www.webcitation.org/6YfcCRh9L. [Online]. Available:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/

[2] Sinora Ghosalkar , Saurabh Pandey, Shailesh Padhra, Tanvi Apte , “Android Application on
Examination Using Speech Technology for Blind People” , International Journal of
Research in Computer and Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 3, March- 2014

[3] Jae Sung Cha, Dong Kyun Lim and Yong-Nyuo Shin, “Design and Implementation of a
Voice Based Navigation for Visually Impaired Persons”, in International Journal of Bio-
Science and Bio-Technology Vol. 5, No. 3, June, 2013.

[4] Siddhesh R Baravkar, Mohith R Borde, Mahendra K Nivangune, “Android Text Messaging
Application For Visually Impaired People”, IRACST-an International Journal(ESTIJ), Vol.
3, No. 1, February 2013.

[5] Poornima.P , V.Sriteja Reddy , “ARM7 based Smart bus Passenger-Alert System using
GSM with GPS based Location Identification” , International Journal of Engineering
Development and Research , Vol 4, Issue 2, 2016

[6] Renu Tarneja, Huma Khan, Prof. R. A. Agrawal, Prof. Dinesh. D. Patil, “Voice Commands
Control Recognition Android Apps”, International Journal of Engineering Research and
General Science Volume 3, Issue 2, March-April, 2015

[7] G. Lavanya. M. E, Preethy. W, Shameem. A and Sushmitha R, “Passenger Bus Alert

System For Easy Navigation Of Blind”, in International Conference On Circuits, Power
And Computing Technology (ICCPCT), 2013.

68
[8] Prof. Manisha Bansode , Student Shivani Jadhav and Anjali Kashyap , “Voice Recognition
and Voice Navigation for Blind using GPS” , International Journal Of Innovative Research
In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 4, April
2015.

[9] Akshay Khatri , “Assistive Vision for the Blind " , International Journal of Engineering
Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org
Volume 3 Issue 5ǁ May 2014 ǁ PP.16-19

[10] http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/speech-synthesis

[11] www.youtube.com

[12] https://www.sqlite.org/

[13] http://www.sitesbay.com/java/features-of-java

[14] http://www.bespecular.com/blog/how-does-a-visually-impaired-person-use-a-
smartphone/

[15] https://developer.android.com/about/index.html

69
 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-02, Issue 12, Mar 2017

Survey on Android Applications for Visually

impared or Blind people
1
Prof. Santosh Tamboli, 2Pooja Singh, 3Shubhangee Kanade
1
Assistant Professor(Guide), 2,3UG Student

Abstract— It is estimated that 285 million people globally are visually impaired with 39 million blind and 246 million
with low vision [1].The large number of blind and visually impaired individuals in the society has motivated research
groups to search for smart solutions that use vision-based technologies to improve their quality of life. The mobile
phones have become an essential element of any communication media. In the past few years, many standard mobile
devices have started to include screen reading software that allows blind people to use them. For instance, Google’s
Android platform and the Apple iPhone (starting with the 3GS) now include free screen readers. The iPhone has proven
particularly popular among blind users, which is why they developed VizWiz Social for it. With the availability of an
accessible platform, a number of applications has been developed for blind people, including GPS navigation
applications, OCR readers, and color recognizers etc. In this paper, a study on various methodologies has been done
along with survey on papers related to Android applications for Blind or visually impaired.

Keywords: Blind, Android Application, Visually impaired, Speech recognition, GPS, Navigation, location.

I. INTRODUCTION conversion of acoustic speech into a set of words and is

performed by software component. Accuracy of speech
Till now many applications have been developed for recognition systems differ in vocabulary size and
visually impaired and blind to help them in their social life confusability, speaker dependence vs. independence,
and allow them to live like normal people. There are many modality of speech (isolated, discontinuous, or continuous
people who make use of Smart Phones and Android phone. speech, read or spontaneous speech), task and language
The numbers of handicapped people especially visually constraints” .
impaired people are increasing day by day. There are many
Speech recognition system can be divided into several
android applications which will help blind people to Travel
blocks: feature extraction, acoustic models database which is
from one place to another. This paper mainly aims to show a
built based on the training dataset, dictionary, language
proper route to blunt persons. Advances in wearable
model and the speech recognition algorithm. Analog speech
computing, voice recognition, wireless communication, GIS
signal must first be sampled on time and amplitude axes, or
and GPS have made possible to address the visually
digitized. Samples of speech signal are analyzed in even
impaired and disabled navigation problem [8]. This paper
intervals. This period is usually 20 ms because signal in this
represents a survey on various methodologies like Speech
interval is considered stationary. Speech feature extraction
recognition, GPS based location access and emphasize on
involves the formation of equally spaced discrete vectors of
work related to android application for visually impaired or
speech characteristics. Feature vectors from training
blind people.
database are used to estimate the parameters of acoustic
II. EXISTING METHODOLOGIES models. Acoustic model describes properties of the basic
elements that can be recognized. The basic element can be a
SPEECH RECOGNITION
phoneme for continuous speech or word for isolated words
“Speech recognition for application is done on Google
recognition. Dictionary is used to connect acoustic models
server, using the HMM algorithm. HMM algorithm is
with vocabulary words. Language model reduces the
briefly described in this part. Process involves the

6 | IJREAMV02I122405 www.ijream.org © 2017, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.

 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-02, Issue 12, Mar 2017

number of acceptable word combinations based on the rules preparatory satellites in case of malfunction. CS (Control
of language and statistical information from different texts. Segment) represents a general observation post that manages
Speech recognition systems, based on hidden Markov and tracks GPS satellites. US (User Segment) represents
models are today most widely applied in modern GPS users and GPS receiver [3].
technologies. They use the word or phoneme as a unit for
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
modeling.
This section presents the survey on Android applications for
The model output is hidden probabilistic functions of state
blind or visually impaired people.
and can’t be deterministically specified. State sequence
through model is not exactly known. Speech recognition In this paper [4] Siddhesh R Baravkar, Mohith R Bord and
systems generally assume that the speech signal is a Mahendra K Nivangune developed Android Text Messaging
realization of some message encoded as a sequence of one Application. The messaging can be completely voice based.
or more symbols [2]. The proposed application is a messaging system which is
voice enabled. The application listens to your messages and
then responds with voice commands by talking. The
A. SPEECH SYNTHESIS
application converts your text into voice and voice into text.
Speech synthesis is the computer-generated simulation of
For android it is voice to text technology to listen to what
human speech [9]. Speech synthesis is a speech generated by
you send and gets you connected with people.
a computer for people with physical disabilities or visually
impaired or the people facing difficulties in reading small
Limitation: This application always run in the background
sized text. Speech synthesis is also referred to as text-to-
and hence drains a lot of battery.
speech (TTS). In Speech Synthesis process first the text is
analyzed by using natural language rules. Analysis of text is
In paper [5] Poornima.P, V.Sriteja Reddy proposed ARM7
done character by character to determine the grammatical
based Smart bus Passenger-Alert System using GSM with
details and parts of speech. For example, where the
GPS based Location Identification. In which they have
sentences begin and end, tense of sentence, which words are
presented an intelligent real time alarming system which
proper noun, pronoun, number and so on. Clearly
senses the destination location which is taken as input from
understanding how a word or a phrase is being used is a
the passenger. This system also includes android mobile
critical aspects of speech synthesis. Some non-trivial
alert application. After the passenger reached the
analysis is used to generate the appropriate sound for the
destination, bus system alert the passenger through SMS
text.
with android application in passenger mobile and also
assisted with alarming system in case of excessive amount
B. GPS
of temperature in case of smoke identification which leads
GPS is a radio navigation system using satellites and it is
to the fire accidents.
developed by USA Department of Defense for military use
navigation but it can be used by citizens with a limited
Limitation: In this system development, tools like IR sensor
range. It predicts radio coverage from satellites to a receiver,
and gas sensor has been used for navigation, making the
then it shows the exact 3D location, speed and time. This
application expensive which are not required in our
system can be universally used for 24 hours, and many
application for navigation.
people can use it. This GPS system can be dived into 3
different segments; SS (Space Segment), CS (Control
In paper [6] Renu Tarneja, Huma Khan, Prof. R. A.
Segment), and US (User Segment). SS (Space Segment)
Agrawal, Prof. Dinesh. D. Patil proposed to develop
represents the location of 24 satellites that rotate around the
interactive application which can run on the tablet or any
Earth every 12 hours. As of April, 2007, there is a total of 36
android based phone. The application helps the user to open
GPS satellites with 30 of them are active and 6 of them are

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 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-02, Issue 12, Mar 2017

any application as well as call any contact through voice. Passenger NO YES HIGH Zigbee provides a
Bus Alert limited coverage
Users can command a mobile device to do something via
System For and sometimes a
speech. These commands are then immediately executed.
Easy congestion may
Navigation also occur.
Limitation: This proposed application needs to run always in Of Blind

a background; hence it drains a lot of battery power.

REFERENCES
In paper [7] G. Lavanya M E et. al. projected Passenger Bus [1] WHO. (2014, August) Visual impairment and blindness.
Alert System for Easy Navigation. In this project they Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6YfcCRh9L.
[Online]. Available:
proposed a bus system using wireless sensor networks. The
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
blind people in the bus station are provided with the
ZIGBEE unit which is recognized by the ZIGBEE in the bus [2] Sinora Ghosalkar , Saurabh Pandey, Shailesh Padhra,
Tanvi Apte , “Android Application on Examination Using
and indication is made in the bus that the blind is present in
Speech Technology for Blind People” , International Journal
the station so that bus stops at particular station. of Research in Computer and Communication Technology,
Vol 3, Issue 3, March- 2014
Limitation: Passenger Bus Alert System requires ZIGBEE
[3] Jae Sung Cha, Dong Kyun Lim and Yong-Nyuo Shin,
unit presence with blind people at the bus station and in the “Design and Implementation of a Voice Based Navigation
bus too. Hence it increases the implementation cost . for Visually Impaired Persons”, in International Journal of
Bio-Science and Bio-Technology Vol. 5, No. 3, June, 2013.
IV. CONCLUSION
[4] Siddhesh R Baravkar, Mohith R Borde, Mahendra K
A comparative analysis of different Android Applications Nivangune, “Android Text Messaging Application For
for Visually impared or Blind people discussed in this paper Visually Impaired People”, IRACST-an International
Journal(ESTIJ), Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2013.
has been presented below. Table 1 compares the four
applications based on different parameters as shown: [5] Poornima.P , V.Sriteja Reddy , “ARM7 based Smart bus
Passenger-Alert System using GSM with GPS based
Applications/ Requirement Extra Cost Limitations
Location Identification” , International Journal of
Systems to run in hardware
Engineering Development and Research , V-4, I-2, 2016
Developed background requirement

Android text YES NO LOW It may not work

[6] Renu Tarneja, Huma Khan, Prof. R. A. Agrawal, Prof.
messaging properly
Dinesh. D. Patil, “Voice Commands Control Recognition
Android Apps”, International Journal of Engineering
application
Or may not be Research and General Science V-3, I-2, March-April, 2015
for visually
able to recognize
impaired
proper command [7] G. Lavanya. M. E, Preethy. W, Shameem. A and
in noise Sushmitha R, “Passenger Bus Alert System For Easy
Navigation Of Blind”, in (ICCPCT), 2013.
ARM7 based NO YES HIGH Different sensors
Smart bus are required which [8] Prof. Manisha Bansode , Student Shivani Jadhav and
Passenger- increases the Anjali Kashyap , “Voice Recognition and Voice Navigation
Alert System complexity as for Blind using GPS” , International Journal Of Innovative
well as cost. Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And
Control Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2015.
Voice YES NO LOW Runs always in
commands background.Hence
[9]http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/speech-synthesis
control battey drainage is
recognition more
android apps

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