4, 15, Ratio of mito water 4 5 \7 / 48 WS 1 Hence, percentage of water in mixture = 5100 = 20% Answer is (6) Answer is (4) 6. Answeris(a) 7. Answeris(b) 8, Answer is (c) Answer is (a) 10,Answeris(a) LL. Answer is(¢)__12, Answer is) By the rule ofalligation strength of I" jar _ strength of 2° jar 40% 19% 7, Ratio of 1* and 2% jar = 77° Answer is (b) Answer is (b) Since quantity of B and Care equal 100470 Hence, average price of Band C=" = 85 rk 1 For 100kg of mixture quantity of A = 5100 = 50 ky, Band C=50 kg both are equal Hence, (50,25, 25) kg. Answer is (b) 033x24024x1_ 0.90 Average price of standard blend —o SP =030rs/gram Hence, for 100 grams = 0.30*100=30 rs %0,3340.24x2 3 08 the changed the ratio then Average price: P2027 sara For 100 gram = 0.27%100 = 27 rs. ‘Answer is) Alligation or Misture 85 2CHAPTER Progressions Arithmatic Progression: Quantities are said to be in arithemtic progression when they increase or de- crease bya common difference. a, a'td, a +24, a 34, ...... The common difference is found by subtracting any term of the series from the next term. Thus the n® tétm of atithtnetic progression is given by T,=a4(n-)d, ( To find the sum of the given number of terms in an Atithmetic progression: Let‘a’and °b’be two quantities and A be their arithmetic mean. Then singe a, A, bare in A.P. Wemust have b-A=A-a, Each being equal to the comon difference. tis alvays possible to ise ity number of terms such that the wholeseries thus formed shall be in AP. The teri thus inséried ire called the arithmetic means, Gi) Process for finding the sum of an AP. Once you can find a pair of corresponding terms for any AP, you can easily find the sum of the AP byusing, property of averages. ie. sum= number ofterm x average. In fact, this is the’best process for finding the sum ofan APit is much mors superior to the process of finding the sumofanAP using the expression 5(24+(2—1)8) Geometric Progression: Quantities are said to be in Geometric Progression when they increase or decrease by a constant factor. The constant factor is also called the common ratio and it is found by dividing any termby the term immediately preceding it. Ifwe examine the series a, ar, ar, ar’, ar, f'n’ bethe number of terms and if /denote the last, orn term, we have €=ar"™" (To find the Geometric mean between two given quantities: Let ‘a’ and bbe the given quantities and ‘n’ the required number of means to be iaserted. Inallthere will be 1n+2 terms $0 that we have to find a series n+2 terms in GP of which ‘a’ is the first and “b’ is te ast. Let ‘r’be the common ratio: ‘Then b=term(n+ 2)th term = ar™!;Progressions Hence, the required number of means are ar, ar”, ...ar® , where ‘r’ has the value found in above equation. ‘To Sima the sum of a number of terms in a geometric progression: 9 Let ‘a’ be the frst tern, the common ratio, athe nmber of terms, and S, be the sum to n terms, Ifr> 1, then oO If r<1, then ~Q) Note: {willbe convenient to remember both forms given above for $: Number (2) will be used inall cases cexccept when ‘ris positive and greater than one. ‘Sum of an infinite geometric progression when r< 1 L qe ea) Obviously this formula is used only when the common ratio Of the GP is 1e88than one. Some important results about series: s Ifthe same quantity be added to subtracted forall the temotanaresuig terms willformat APbut with the same common difference as before: ‘ ‘Ifali the terms of an AP be multiplied ot divided by the same: ‘quantity the ‘resulting terms will forman AP but with anew common difference, which will be the multiplication/division of the old common difference(as the ‘case may be) Hfallthe terms of'a GP be multiplied or divided by the sare quantitysttieresuliing terms will foun GP with the sarge common tio as before. _ ate in GP, they are also in continued proportion, since, by definition afb= BIC = Cd = anne = Vt Conversely a series of quantities in continued proportion may be represented by X, xt x. Ifyou have to assume 3 terms in AP, assume themas a—d,a,a+d orasa, atdanda+2d. For assuming 5 terms ofan AP we use: a ~2d, a—d, a, a+d,a + 2d. These are the most convenient in terms ofproblems solving. For assuming 4 terms: a~3d,a~d,a+d,a+36 Forassuring three tems ofa GP assume themas a, ar andar oras © a, ar oF ‘To find the sum ofthe first ‘n’ natural numbers. n(n4#l) Se Let the sum be denoted by S then S=1+243+.... +0 is given by S=7 Progressions 8 1B. ‘To find the sum of square ofthe first n natural numbers. Let the sum be denoted by S then S= 1? +27 43° +. n? a(n+t)(2n+1 This is given by s-{aeeyene) i i “To ind the sum ofthe cubes ofthe first ‘n’ natural numbers Letthe sumbedenoted byS; then = 714294374... ‘Thus, the sum ofthe cubes of the first‘ natural numbers is equal to the square ofthe sum ofthese numbers. To find the sum ofthe first ‘n° odd natural mumbers. S143 45+ ocit (20-1) 0? How many numbers between 100 and 200 divisible by three. (198-102) +1=33 (since both 102 and 198 are ‘The first number is 102 and the last muraber is 198. Hence, inchuded). zi Acompany models its annual profits using the function P(x)=% : 20x—300, where P represents profits and ‘gives the number of units sold. One year, their profits were RS 167; 700. How many units oftheirproduct did they sell? : yirict (a) 200 (b) 400 (420 4d) 600 Aman arranges to pay off a debt of Rs. 3600 by 40 aia ingtallments which are in A.P. when 30 of the installments are pad, the dues leaving one third ofthe debt unpiid, Find the value of 8th installment. ‘Let the first instalment be a and conn dliference of AP. bed Given, 3600 sum of 40 terms = “2 = 3600=20{2a+39d) = 20439d=180 Ary: -@ Afier 30 installments, one third of the debt is unpaid 600 Hence, 2 1200 js unpaid and 2400 is pai. 0, Now, 2400= 2229 +(30-1)4} = 2400=15{2a+294} = 2a+294=160 0) it nonheme sae eg ennai Subtracting (i) from (), we get nd=2 80 —39*2 = 180 — 78 = 102 Now value of the 8th instalment = a+ (8-1)d=51 +7*2=65 ‘The population of bacteria culture doubles every 3 minutes. How many minutes wilt take for the population to grow from 1000 to 512000 bacteria? a= 1000, r=2 and t,= 512000 gout15, Soin. 16. Soin, 17, 512000 = 1000(2)"" => 2 “Therefore, 9 times spaces. ‘Therefore, total time=9%3 =27 min A lucky man finds 6 pots of gold coins. He counts the coins in the first 4 pots to be 60, 30, 20 and 15 respectively. If there is a definite progression, what would be the number of coins in the next two pots. (a) 10nd 5 (b)4 and2 (©) 15and 15 (@ 12and 10 INET LIFE SCIENCES 2013] As we know, 601 = 60 60x4=30 2 18, Solr Hence, 12 and 10 ss ‘i Inthe figure below the number offirels in the blank rows rust be (@ I2and 20 (b) 13 and 20 (© Band2 (@ 10and 11 Number of circles are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5,8, %,? Here every next term is sum ofpprevious two term. 1+192 24123 19, Soln 54358 84+5=13 13+8=21 Answer is 13 and 21 ‘The sum of» terms given by the seri (@) 2"-1 (b) 2f=n-t 2" 4n-1 @i-2"Soln. Lal ate thena, b,carein = 2a=b(a+e) > So,a, b, care in HP a" +b" 19, 10 ~S5*7 > isthe AM betweencand é, then the value of is arr, (1 (0 © a+b" _ a+b Soin, Since = +ont 2 d +8")=(a6)(o"*+8") 2a" +26" =aa"'+ab"!+ba™ +55" 2a" +20" =a" ab"! +ba" +5" a8" ab" ba" = a" ~bal”™* +b” ~ab" a"! (q~b) +6" (b-a)=0 =0 (o) GP (HP (@ nore ofthese i20, + Soln, ai. Soin, 22. Soin, = a™!(a—b)~b""(a—b)=0 = (2-Bi(a-o")=0 Since, (a—5) #0 Hence, ap" = ay" y () () n-120 => nel Progressions ‘Amonkey while trying to reach the top of apole of height 12 mtr. take every ime a jump of 2 mits. but slips ‘one meter while holding the pole. The number of requited to reach the top of pole is (@)6 (10 @i @i2 ‘tis clear that in each jamp monkey cover only 1 m finally. Hence 10 jump monkey cover only 10:m finally. Hence, 1 jump are required. Ifa> 1, b> 1 then the minimum:yalue of log’ + log’. is {ao OL As AM>GM (logs tost)" (2 (d) none of these A person purchases ones oflomaices fmesclof he 4 paces at heat Gf Ike, hg, 3kgand Akg pee rupee respectively. On the average he fas purchased x kx of fomatges . ge He (a2 ()2.5 | Let a4, ®t 2 a,t4,=4,+4, ‘Now, multiply and divide by a, +a, , we get a per rupee, then the value ofsis \(d} none of these 1 1 ‘sont l} entisgat (@) none of these 24. 28, Sola, 26, Soln,25. Soln, 26. Soln, > Hence, fs, zare in AP, then (x+2y~2)(2y+2—x)(24+x—y) i (a) dye (0) 2x92 (©) oz (d) none of these ‘Asx,y,zare in AP, hence _xte 2 Now, (x+2y—z)(2y+z=x)(z4x-y) 5 jQysxte se (trtens)(ete (v9) = (22)(22)() => 4g If His the harmonic mean between ‘a“and @t Ore. dab A ary mene a+b HF ng He a ab b atb ‘Using componendo& dividendo H+a_2b+ard H4+b_2atarb H-a 2-a-b H-b2a-a-b H+a_3b+a H+b_3a+b b-a H-b a~b H+b_3b4a_3atb_3b+a H-b b-a b-a b-a b-a Ifa, band care positive. Then the minimam value of gb! 4. p'e%8" .! @3 ®1 9 @16 Using AM = GMLPR Gy Now, let x= ath beeghemtugbee-bet Hence, log x =(logb—logc)loga +(loge—loga)logb +(loga—logh)loge logab —log ac+ logbc—logab + logac—logbe logx=0 logx=togl => from(), we get gitbne 4 pitesee 4 claenbat SE ST i i + z a-senky, Sri then the least value of such that 2-5, < 755 is 10 © @noneofthese SW SP sa-is6 Progressions 10, 1Progressions GD 10. AL Ifsum of squares of two number is 3341 and the difference oftheir squares is 891 then numbers are (@) 25,36 (b) 25, 46 (035,46 (@ Insufficient data ‘What is the sum of two consecutive even mumbers the difference of whose squares is 842 (34 0)38 (42 (46 ‘The sum of three consecutive odd numbesr is 20 more than the first ofthese number then what isthe middle number? (@)7 (9 @12 (@) Insufficient data, ‘There are two numbers such that the sum of twice the first and thrice the second is 39 while the sumof thrice the first and twice the second is 36 then larger of the two number is: (a6 9 @2 - (@) Insufficient data, ‘The sumof the digits ofa two digit number is 1S and the difference between the digits is 3 what isthis two digit number? (a9 (78 (16 (@None A two digit number is such that the produict of the digits is 8 when 18 is added to the number then digits are reversed the number is ‘ (24 (18 O12 as A number consists of two digits. Ifthe digits interchange places and new number is added to the original number the resulting number is divisible by: @ w4 5 @9 If 10 term ofan APis 84 and commond difference is 8, find the first term (@10 (b) 12. - (ld «16 11 es Find the sumof 1+ +t Fon = @2 32 2 @3 1 Find the 14th tern of 1, — -1 =I OF Op = Oy ‘Manufacturer of tennis ball announced that their new ball i the best in the market. Lfone were to drop it from, any height, it would only rise to the extent of 10% of the height from which it was dropped. Ifthe ball was dropped from 45 feet, how much would the ball ravel before coming to rest? @asr (b) S08 (ssa 5k* Answer is) HINTS & SOLUTIONS a? +b? =3341 ~@ a? -b* = 891 i (i) + Gi 2a? = 4232, Thus a=46 Answer is () (a+2)° = Answers) =84; a? +4a+4— 5 da=80;a=20 Letnumbera,a+2,a+4 Given: ata+2+a+4—a=20; — 2a+6=20; Answer is (6) ‘Let first namiber is ‘a’ and second mutnberf‘b’ (3 ‘Answer is (b) Lecmumaber is a,b Thus, a+b=15; a-b=3 Answer is (4) Answeris (a) Answer is (a) T,=a+(n-I)d Te=aQt)? = Sy Ansveris to) Distance covered by ball = 45 + (4.5 + 4.5) + (0.45 + 0.45) + (0.045 + 0.045) +. 4549 090+ 0090+. = 54.99 = 55 feet (Approx.) asl, a=7 Progressions