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1 1 Fig. 7.1 represents an alternating current (a.c.) generator.

N direction of
rotation

X
Y

Fig. 7.1

(a) A student rotates the handle H, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

(i) On Fig. 7.2, sketch a graph to show how the electromotive force (e.m.f.) between
terminals X and Y varies with time during two complete revolutions of the coil.

Fig. 7.2
[3]

(ii) On Fig. 7.2, mark and label a point P, for the e.m.f. when the coil is horizontal, as shown
in Fig. 7.1. [1]

(iii) The student turns the handle more quickly.

State two ways in which the e.m.f. between terminals X and Y changes.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(b) Terminals X and Y are connected to the primary coil of a transformer.

State and explain what happens in the transformer as the student turns the handle of the a.c.
generator.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Explain why the power losses in transmission cables are lower when electrical energy is
transmitted at higher voltages.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 11]

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2 A student sets up a circuit that includes a 12 V battery, an 800 Ω resistor, a voltmeter and a
thermistor. Fig. 8.1 is an incomplete circuit diagram because the symbol for the thermistor is
missing.

800 Ω

12 V
P
V

Fig. 8.1

The thermistor is connected between terminals P and Q.

(a) Complete Fig. 8.1 by drawing the symbol for a thermistor between terminals P and Q. [1]

(b) The 12 V battery consists of eight identical cells connected in series.

Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of each cell.

e.m.f. = ......................................................... [1]

(c) The reading on the voltmeter is 8.0 V.

(i) Determine the resistance of the thermistor.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) A few hours later, the student notices that the reading on the voltmeter is greater.

Explain what can be deduced from this observation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]
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4 Fig. 7.1 shows a small plotting compass which is aligned with the magnetic field between magnetic
poles A and B of a U-shaped magnet.

A S N B

Fig. 7.1

(a) State the polarity of the poles.

pole A ........................................................................................................................................

pole B .......................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a wire, placed between two poles, carrying a current in the direction of the
arrow.

Fig. 7.2

On Fig. 7.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the wire due to the magnetic
field. [2]
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(c) Fig. 7.3 shows a β-particle moving in the direction of the arrow between the same two poles.

S
β-particle

N
direction of travel of β-particle
when in the position shown

Fig. 7.3

On Fig. 7.3, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the β-particle due to the
magnetic field. [2]

[Total: 5]

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5 Fig. 8.1 shows how the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a 60 Hz alternating current (a.c.) power
supply varies with time.

e.m.f.

0
0 time

time period

Fig. 8.1

(a) Calculate the time period of the a.c.

time period = ......................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows this power supply connected in a circuit.

A B C

Fig. 8.2

(i) State the name of component A.

.......................................................... [1]

(ii) In each time period of the a.c., 1.5 × 1017 electrons pass through component A. The
charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.

Calculate the average current in the circuit during one time period.

current = ......................................................... [3]

13

(c) On Fig. 8.3:

1. mark, with an arrow labelled E, the direction of the electron flow through component B

2. mark, with an arrow labelled I, the direction of the conventional current in component C.

A B C

Fig. 8.3
[2]

(d) Fig. 8.4 shows a circuit with components B and C connected to a direct current (d.c.) power
supply of e.m.f. 12 V.

B C

Fig. 8.4

The current in the circuit is 0.35 A.

Calculate the power delivered by the power supply to the circuit.

power = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit with a 3-position switch.

12 V

C
B
X
Y
A

Fig. 9.1

The moving part of the switch is always connected to point Y around which it pivots. The other end
of the moving part, labelled X, can be connected to one of the points A, B or C.

(a) The resistance of the motor is 2.0 Ω and the resistance of the resistor is 3.0 Ω.

Determine the current in the motor when the switch is connected to:

(i) point A

current = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) point B

current = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) point C.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Two resistors of resistance 2.0 Ω and 3.0 Ω are connected in parallel.

Calculate the combined resistance of the resistors in this arrangement.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22
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7 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit.

Fig. 8.1

(i) State the name of component X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across component Y is measured with a voltmeter.

On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for the voltmeter and its connections to the circuit. [1]

(iii) The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 12 V.

Component Y has a resistance of 400 Ω.

In a brightly lit room, the resistance of component X is 350 Ω.

1. Calculate the current in the circuit.

current = ......................................................... [2]

2. Calculate the p.d. across component Y.

p.d. = ......................................................... [1]

(iv) In a dark room, the resistance of component X is very large.

State the effect this will have on the p.d. across component Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Suggest a practical use for component X.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]
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8 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a magnet on the end of a spring and a coil of wire connected to a
sensitive centre-zero galvanometer. The magnet can move freely through the coil.

spring

coil of wire
N

centre-zero
galvanometer

Fig. 9.1

(i) The magnet is pulled down and released.

Describe and explain what happens to the needle of the sensitive galvanometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) The magnet is replaced with a stronger magnet.

State the effect of using a stronger magnet on what happens to the needle of the
galvanometer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) A step-up transformer is used to step up the output voltage of a power station from 25 000 V
to 400 000 V for transmission along power lines.

The number of turns on the secondary coil is 36 000.

Calculate the number of turns on the primary coil.

number of turns = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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9 Fig. 7.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery, a switch, a voltmeter and three 40Ω resistors, R1,
R2 and R3.

R1 V

R3 R2

Fig. 7.1

The switch is open and resistors R1 and R2 form a potential divider.

(a) Describe what is meant by a potential divider.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The reading on the voltmeter is 7.5 V.

(i) Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery.

e.m.f. = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) The switch is closed.

Calculate the resistance of the complete circuit.

resistance = ......................................................... [3]

(c) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter when the switch is closed.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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