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5,5 CON
S5.1 Grapbical Interpretation
Afunction is said to be continuous if its graph gives us a
continuous curve or straight
ine without any break.
llustration-6
Let us consider afunction f(x)= 2x+1. The value of f(r) or y will be as under;
= ] 2 3 0 -1 -2 -3
y= fr) =3 5 7 1 -1 -3 -5
Plotting the above points on a graph paper we get;
Solution :
Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
10
S6X
X-6-5 -4 -3 -2 | 2 3 45
-2
-3
4
-5
-7
y'
continuous
The above continuous one since the graph is
function is a
5.16 Elements of Business Mathematics and Satisties -1|
Ilustration-7
Draw a graph of the function
for
x-3 forx=3 3
Solution:
X-3 32 o0 2
If, x>3, S(x)= X-3
R
x<3, f(x)= -(x-3)
X-3
x=3, f(x) =0 (given)
The graph of the function will be:
When x > 3, the value of yor f()= 1, as a result we get the straight line PQ
to X-axis. Here, the point Pis to be excluded since x # 3 but x > 3.
paralll
Similarly, when x <3, the value of y or f (x) = -1, as a result we get the straight linc
RS parallel to X-axis. Here, the point R is to be excluded since x 3
but x<3. Thus, there
is abreak in the graph at x=3 which is shown by dotted line. So, the
function is discontinuous
5.5.2 Continuity at an Interval
A function is said to be continuous within an
interval if it is continuous at every pouu
in the same interval. In the example. I given above, the
function is continuous within the intera
[1, -3], [2, -2], (1, -1] and so on.
Thus, mathematically, a function f (x) is said to be
[a, b] if; continuous at x =c in the inteha
lim f(x) =lim f(x)= f(c)
5.5.3 Analytical Method
A function f (x) is said to be
satisfied.
continuous at a point, if the following three conditiots
(i) The function has a definite
functional value at that point.
(ii) LHL= RHL i.e.; it has a limiting value
(ii) The functional value = Limiting value.
N.B.; If all the above three conditions are not satisfied, the function is not continuous atthe
given point.
Limit and
|llustration-8 Continuity 5.17
Io Prove that
f(x)=3x* +2x-1 Is Continuous at x=2. (b) Hence, show that
continuous for all values of x. o is
Solution:
(a) () Functional value f(2)= 3(2) +2(2)-|= 15
(i) LHL = lim 3x +2x-1
Put (2 - h) in place of x [when x ’ 2 ’ h ’ 0]
= h-’0
lim 3(2-h) +2(2 -h)-1 = lim 3(4+h²-4h) +4-2h-1
h>0
= lim 12+3h -12h +4-2h-1= h-’0
lim 3h-14h +15 =15
h>0
RHL = lim 3x +2x-1
X’2
Put 2 + hin place of x. [when x ’ 2> h ’ 0]
=lim 3(2 +h)´ +2(2+h)-1=lim 3(4 +h' +4h)+4+ 2h-1
h-’0 h>0
= lim 12+3h +12h +4+2h -l= lim 3h² + 14h + 15= 15
h’0 h-’0
Thus, LHL = RHL = 15, Hence, the limiting value is 15
(m) Since the functional value =Limiting value, the function is continuous atXF
