UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID
EVALUACIÓN PARA EL ACCESO A LAS ENSEÑANZAS
UNIVERSITARIAS OFICIALES DE GRADO
Curso 2021-2022
MATERIA: INGLÉS
INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y CALIFICACIÓN
Después de leer atentamente el examen, responda de la siguiente forma:
• elija un texto A o B y conteste EN INGLÉS a las preguntas 1, 2, 3 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido.
• responda EN INGLÉS una pregunta a elegir entre las preguntas A.5 o B.5.
TIEMPO Y CALIFICACIÓN: 90 minutos. Las preguntas 1, 2 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido se calificarán
sobre 2 puntos cada una, la pregunta 3 asociada al texto elegido sobre 1 punto y la pregunta elegida
entre A.5 o B.5 sobre 3 puntos.
TEXTO A
Today’s "Fake News" Used to Be Called Yellow Journalism
It is perhaps not so surprising to hear that the problem of "fake news" — media outlets adopting
sensationalism to the point of fantasy — is nothing new. As Robert Darnton said, the first example
of this in history may have been in the late 19th century. This was when "Yellow Journalism" first
began.
Why yellow? The reasons are not totally clear and some sources point to the yellow ink the
publications would sometimes use, though others say it was named after a popular cartoon called
The Yellow Kid. This cartoon first ran in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, and later William
Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. These two newspapers were in a battle because they wanted
to win readers. Their competition led to the rise of Yellow Journalism.
Although today his name is somewhat synonymous with journalism of the highest standards,
through association with the Pulitzer Prize, Joseph Pulitzer had a very different reputation while
alive. After purchasing The New York World in 1884 and rapidly increasing circulation through the
publication of sensationalist stories, he earned the dubious honour of being the pioneer of tabloid
journalism. He soon had a competitor in the field when his rival William Randolph Hearst acquired
The New York Journal in 1885. The rivalry was fierce, each trying to outdo each other with ever
more sensational and scandalous stories.
Yellow Journalism was at its worst in the days leading up to the Spanish-American War. Hearst's
newspaper had a major influence on the conflict. It encouraged anti-Spanish feelings across the
United States. Some people started calling the war "The Journal's War". Both newspapers
published stories about the war that were full of unconfirmed claims, sensationalist propaganda,
and outright factual errors.
Adapted from “Yellow Journalism: The "Fake News" of the 19th Century,” The Public Domain
Review, December 11, 2019. <https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/yellow-journalism-the-
fake-news-of-the-19th-century>
TEXTO A
QUESTIONS
A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a
complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
a) The term “Yellow Journalism” was coined after a comic strip about a boy in a yellow nightshirt,
entitled the “Yellow Kid”.
b) Joseph Pulitzer has come to be related to one of the most prominent awards given to journalists.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.
Do not copy from the text.
a) What similarities are there between William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer? Mention two.
b) Did Yellow Journalism play a role in the Spanish-American War? Why.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:
a) possibly (paragraph 1)
b) questionable (paragraph 3)
c) intense (paragraph 3)
d) key (paragraph 4)
(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)
A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets
when given.
a) I really think the journalist is biased. I mean, he _______ (give) a wrong perspective of the issue
blaming the goverment! That’s _______ (hard) fair, is it?
b) William Randolph Hearst was one of _______ (colorful), influential, and outspoken figures
_______ (involve) in activities surrounding the Spanish-American War.
c) Those _______ consume news need to find ways of _______ (determine) if what they're reading
is true.
d) Complete the following sentence to report what was said.
“Can you check it out in ten minutes?”
She wondered ______________________________________________________________.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.
Can social networking sites like Twitter or Instagram be considered news sources? Justify your
answer.
(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)
TEXTO B
Breakfast Radio
Global Breakfast Radio (GBR) is a 24-hour operation, broadcasting programs from more than 250
radio stations around the world. But there's a catch: each of those stations is only played during its
time zone's respective breakfast time slot. As GBR explains in a statement, "The sun is always
rising somewhere; breakfast is always just about to happen. In some small way, Global Breakfast
Radio hopes to be a way of traveling globally through the medium of radio."
The station was created by two UK-based breakfast radio fans, Seb Emina, a writer, and Daniel
Jones, a systems artist. The duo searched for hundreds of radio stations worldwide to narrow down
the current list of 250. Those stations play on a loop, with music and news following the sunrise.
Pulling that off, however, required a bit of technical finesse. Digital music lovers might notice that
the output bears a little resemblance to the algorithmically generated playlists built by Spotify or
Pandora. "The difference is that here the algorithm is mediated by the day-long cycle of the Sun
sweeping the globe," says Jones, "tied together with the myriad broadcasters in these remote
locations."
But this is not without problems, explains Jones. "We soon discovered that internet stream URLs
seem to decay and disappear extremely quickly, meaning that the database of stations needs to
be constantly updated." Once the algorithmic problems were worked out, the team tried to create
a list that is representative of the tremendous diversity around the globe and that captures the
feeling of exploring new places. Even licensed photos of sunrises from those places are shown as
music and news are broadcast.
Adapted from “This Radio Station Broadcasts All Over the World, But Only at Breakfast Time,”
Smithsonian Magazine, May 7, 2014. <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/radio-
station-broadcasts-all-over-world-only-breakfast-time-180951352/>
TEXTO B
QUESTIONS
B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a
complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
a) Radio stations around the world apply to participate in Global Breakfast Radio.
b) GBR offers both an auditory and a visual experience.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.
Do not copy from the text.
a) What is GBR’s main goal?
b) Why do they need to continuously supervise the database?
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:
a) corresponding (paragraph 1)
b) observe (paragraph 2)
c) solved (paragraph 3)
d) huge (paragraph 3)
(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)
B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets
when given.
a) In the 19th century, German scientist Heinrich Hertz _______ (prove) the existence of radio
waves, _______ occur in nature.
b) Guglielmo Marconi, who was born _______ 20th April 1874, invented what he called “the
wireless telegraph” while _______ (experiment) in his parents’ attic.
c) Marconi used radio waves _______ (transmit) Morse code and the instrument he used became
_______ (know) as the radio.
d) Before the 1920s, the radio _______ (use) to contact ships that were out _______ sea.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)
B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.
Discuss the pros and cons of starting the school day later in the morning.
(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)
