IESR - Webinar Hidrogen Road to GHES 2025

Teknologi Produksi dan

Pemanfaatan Hidrogen
Hijau di Indonesia

Dr. Eng. Deni Shidqi Khaerudini

Deputy II - Industrial Research Collaboration
Indonesia Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy (IFHE)

Research Professor
Research Group of Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Materials
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Focal Point
Sub-Committee on Materials Science and Technology (SCMST)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Online, 18 Maret 2024

 2050/2060/2070
Global NZE

2030
Peak Emission
Reduce 45%

2020-2021
Net Zero Emission
Commitment

2015-2017
NDC

Paris Agreement
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 2
Physical Properties of Hydrogen

Source: International Energy Agency 2019

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Hydrogen Great Potential

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Standards Affecting H2 Applications are Industry

Hydrogen is used in many

sector
Energy
• Energy / generating
companies
• Petroleum company
Manufacture
• Metal company
• Ceramic company
Chemistry
• Fertilizer
• Oleochemical
Transportation
• Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV)

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 5

Hydrogen Great Potential

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 Hydrogen Great Potential

Refineries use hydrogen to remove Coal can be replaced by clean hydrogen in In the chemical industry, hydrogen is
impurities and upgrade heavy oil fractions the production of steel in a process that is currently used as feedstock to produce
into lighter products. almost emissions-free in a ‘direct reduced ammonia, which is used mainly in
ironmaking’ (DRI) process fertiliser production.

Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are attractive Hydrogen and hydrogen-derived fuels are August 2022 saw the deployment of the
options for long-haul road freight transport. also expected to play a key role in first hydrogen fuel cell-powered train fleet
decarbonising the hard-to-abate maritime and in Lower Saxony in Germany.
aviation sectors.
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 7
Hydrogen Great Potential
Battery chargers using fuel-cell technology.
a. Minipukk, from Horizon, 2W/14 Wh, 214 cm3,
120/210 g without/with cartridge,
http://www.horizonfuelcell.com, 4 Jan 2013.
b. Powertrekk from MyFC, 5W/4 Wh, 380 cm3,
244 g, http://www.powertrekk.com, 4 Jan
2013

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 8

Hydrogen Great Potential Fuel
FuelCell
FuelCellVehicle
Cell Train
Airbus

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 9

Technology Readiness Levels of Hydrogen
Applications

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Industrial linkages of the green hydrogen economy

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 12

 Hydrogen Production Category

Water Electrolysis

The difference between green hydrogen and blue hydrogen [WWW Document], n.d. . Petrofac. URL https://www.petrofac.com/media/storiesand-opinion/the-difference-between-green-hydrogen-and-blue-hydrogen/ (accessed 12.6.22).

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 13

 Hydrogen production by technology in 2022
(Disclaimer: This is a work reproduced under the terms of the IEA. CC BY 4.0. license [41] Copyright 2023, IEA)

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 14

 Global Usage of Hydrogen

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 Hydrogen demand and production in 2021 and 2030

Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 189 (2024) 113888

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 Evolution of hydrogen demand from 1990 to 2030. Carbon footprint for H2 production processes
Grey, green, and red colors represent past, current, (2021)
and future estimates, respectively.

Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 189 (2024) 113888

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 17

Energy Structure in Nusantara

Source: Bappenas

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IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 19
INDONESIA HYDROGEN ROADMAP
ISBN 987 - 6 2 3 -0 9 -4 85 1- 0

01 Th e C u r re nt En e rgy L an d s cap e in In d o n e s ia

02 Hyd ro ge n Po te nt ial in In d o n e s ia

03 Po licy an d Re gu lato r y Fram ewo r k

04 Re s e arch an d In n ovat io n

05 Hyd ro ge n Ad o pt io n Sce n ar io

06 Inf rast r u ct u re Deve lo p m e nt

07 Inte rn ation al C ollab oration

& Hyd ro ge n Su p p ly C h ain Deve lo p m e nt

08 Hyd ro ge n Imp lementation an d Utilizatio n Plan

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 20

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 21
The Color of Hydrogen

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How Much CO2 is emitted when Producing 1 kg Hydrogen?

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Production Cost and Water Usage for 1 kg hydrogen

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 24

Hydrogen Production Category

The difference between green hydrogen and blue hydrogen [WWW Document], n.d. . Petrofac. URL https://www.petrofac.com/media/storiesand-opinion/the-difference-between-green-hydrogen-and-blue-hydrogen/ (accessed 12.6.22).

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 25

Electrolysis Technology Comparison
Keuntungan dan Kerugian dari Beberapa Teknologi Elektrolisis Saat ini, perkembangan teknologi elektrolisis
terfokus kepada bagaimana mengatasi beberapa
tantangan seperti sebagai berikut:
▪ Memenuhi target biaya hidrogen bersih
sebesar $1/kg H2 pada tahun 2030 (dan
target sementara $2/kg H2 pada tahun 2025)
melalui pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang
pertukaran kinerja, biaya, dan daya tahan
sistem electrolyzer di bawah prediksi mode
operasi dinamis masa depan menggunakan
listrik bebas CO2;
▪ Mengurangi biaya modal unit electrolyzer dan
keseimbangan sistem;
García, L. (2015). Hydrogen production by steam reforming of natural gas and other nonrenewable feedstocks. Compendium of Hydrogen Energy, 87 ▪ Meningkatkan efisiensi energi untuk
mengubah listrik menjadi hidrogen pada
berbagai kondisi pengoperasian;
▪ Meningkatkan pemahaman tentang sel
electrolyzer dan proses degradasi tumpukan
dan mengembangkan strategi mitigasi untuk
meningkatkan umur operasional.

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 26

Electrolysis Technology Comparison

EIGA Doc 251, JA LI POST 13/10/2024

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 27

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 28
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
Proyeksi biaya penerapan teknologi hidrogen tipe grey, blue, dan green (alkaline dan PEM)

Y. Anouti, S. Elborai, R. Kombargi, and R. Hage, “The dawn of green hydrogen,” Strategy&, 16 (2020). https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-hydrogen.

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 29

 Turnkey Containerized Products from Electrolyzer Manufacturers
(A) Nel’s 1.25–2.5 MW PEM, (B) Cummins 1-MW Alkaline, C) A Rendering of Enapter’s AEM 1-MW
Multicore, and (D) Sunfire’s 720 kW SOEC

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 30

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 31
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 32
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 33
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 34
IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 35
Current Hydrogen Market in Indonesia

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Industri Hidrogen di Indonesia

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 Fuel Cell in Indonesia
MCFC 300 kW
PEMFC 5 kW powered by Hydrogen gas and Methanol-
GAS → PGN Water
ELECTRICITY → BUMD → JAKARTA POWER GENERATION FUEL CELL AS BTS STANDARD BACKUP POWER SYSTEM
HOT WATER → MERCURE HOTEL UTILITY FEED
AC
Distribution
ANCOL → MARINA BAY AC TRANSFER
SWITCH RECTIFIER

MCFC INSTALLED IN ANCOL AC DC

DISTRIBUTION
METERED PANEL D
2012 Stop, due to gas price DISCONNECT
I
S
T
B
R
I T

Generator Set B S
U
Backup Run Time
Determined by
T In 2011, Provider Tri
Size/Capacity of I expanded the use of
Battery Bank
O hydrogen to 472 BTS
N

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 38

 Type: Methanol PEM Fuel Cell
Capacity: 5 kW

In Cooperation with PT. Cascadiant Indonesia For cooling buildings in the Baron
Tekno Park area
Currently incorporated with a 5
kW Photovoltaic System @Yogyakarta

Managed Type: Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell

Since 2014

Services Fuel Capacity: 5 kW

As a back up for servers in Gedung
Tekno 3, Puspiptek Area, Serpong
Cell @Jakarta

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 39

Fuel cell fuel comparison (PT Cascadiant
Indonesia, 2022)
Parameter Methanol & Reformer Hydrogen Canisters
Initial cost Up to 50% lower than hydrogen Competitive at runtimes of 8 hours
cylinders, depending on runtime or less

Operation Tends to be flat, depending on fuel Tube rental, high refill cost,
cost usage frequent, for low outage
applications
Logistics Liquid, easy to store, refill, 100 lb canisters, difficult to store,
distribute and widely available refill and distribute, specialty
chemicals with limited availability

Licensing Not required for <60 gallons Required (regulations differ by

area)
Runtime Duration (40 hours of operation on Short (40 hours of operation on a
a 5 kW system = 59 gallons of 5 kW system = 24 hydrogen
HydroPlusTM liquid fuel) cylinders stored on-site)

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 40

Renewable Energy Intermittency

▪ Stability of electricity to
deliver to the grid
▪ Use the excess power to
run Electrolyser
▪ Combine renewable
resources for stable grid

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 41

 RESEARCH Collaboration

De-dieselization Program; Hydrogen

Sistem Hybrid Microgrid

80 kW PEMFC Honda Pulau Semau

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 RESEARCH Collaboration

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Source: Indarwan (2021), PLN (2021)

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 44

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 45
H2 based fuel cell Fuel Cell Stack AMRC BRIN
Cell number: 7 cells
Cell active area: 25 cm2
Power output: 5 - 20 Watt
GDL, Stacking, holder and BPP
made by AMRC BRIN

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 46

SOEC - Manufaktur

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 47

PEMFC, Hydrogen Production, and HRS System Research at BRIN

Fuel cell system will be

developed for forklifts and
other 4-wheeled vehicles. Hydrogen Feeding Control on PEMFC
1 kW PEMFC 2.5 kW PEMFC Fuel Cell
Fuel Cell Vehicle Vehicle plus 200 WP
Photovoltaic

Electrolysis-based Green
Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Filling Station Prototype

IFHE - Indonesia Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy 48

Riset Kendaraan Berbasis Hidrogen di BRIN

49

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Indonesia Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Energy