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Dedicated to my students

My student, you are the best

Of all the rest
Promise me that you will never admit defeat
Your dedication is visible to everyone you meet
So soothing is your smile
I am amazed for a while

I have students everywhere

But like you are very rare
I can never forget you

Because you are like a drop of shining dew

From a leaf split apart
Your fond memories will always shine in my heart
Yes, I believe in you
Yes, I am proud of you
Don’t ever give up
Yes, you can and you will do it

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1. Harboured: protected someone or good and should be admired. व्यत्ु पत्ति

something bad, especially by hiding
that person or thing when the police 10. Cohesive: united and working
were looking for him, her, or it. पनाह together effectively. संसक्तिशील
दे ना 11. Impeccably: in a way that is perfect,
2. Emboldened: made someone brave with no problems or bad parts. निप्‍पाप
or willing to take more risks. साहसी रूप से
बनाना Phrasal verb
3. Stronghold: a building or position 12. Cracked down on: took strong action
that is strongly defended. गढ़ to stop something.
4. Dynamics: forces or processes that Idiom
produce change inside a group or
system. गतिकी 13. Paradigm shift: a complete and
important change in the usual or
5. Truce: a short interruption in a war or accepted way of doing or thinking
argument, or an agreement to stop about somebody or something.
fighting or arguing for a period of
time. यद्
ु धविराम संधि 14. Raft: a large number or range; a lot
ज़्यादा
6. Relentless: continuing in a
determined way without any 15. Affluent: having a lot of money or
interruption. अनवरत possessions; rich धनी

Resilience: the ability of people or 16. Rationalisation: the process of

things to recover quickly after making a company, way of working,
something unpleasant, such as etc. more effective, usually by
shock, injury, etc. तन्यकता combining or stopping particular
activitie यक्ति
ु करण़
7. Innate: being an essential part of the
character of a person or thing. 17. Formalisation: the act of giving
स्वबाविक something a fixed structure or form
by introducing rules नियमनिष्ठ
8. Grit: the courage and strength of
mind that makes it possible for 18. Impetus: a force that encourages a
somebody to continue doing particular action or makes it more
something difficult or unpleasant. energetic or effective प्रोत्साहन
दृढ़ता
19. Fathom: to understand someone or
9. Pedigree: the history and why someone acts as they do पर्ण
ू रूप
achievements of something or से समझना
someone, especially when they are

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20. Vigour: strength, energy, or 32. Jubilation: a feeling of great
enthusiasm ताक़त happiness, especially because of a
success. उल्लास
21. Ravages: the destruction caused by
something विनाश 33. Restive: unwilling to be controlled or
be patient. अशांत
22. Fallout: the unpleasant results or
effects of an action or event नतीजा 34. Tussle: to have difficult
disagreements or strong arguments.
23. Leeway: freedom to act within कशमकश
particular limits छूट
35. Assuage: to make unpleasant
24. Laudable: deserving to be praised or feelings less strong. शांत करना
admired, even if not really successful
प्रशंसनीय Phrasal verbs

25. Bulwark: something that protects 36. Scale up: to increase something in
you from dangerous or unpleasant size, amount, or production.
situations रक्षण-साधन
37. Boiled over: changed into something
Phrasal verbs more dangerous or violent.

26. Pore over: to look at and study Idioms

something, usually a book or
document, carefully. 38. A rule of thumb: a method of judging
a situation or condition that is not
27. Spelt out: explained something in exact but is based on experience.
detail.
39. Make headway: to make progress,
28. Appease: to make somebody calmer especially when this is slow or
or less angry by giving them what difficult.
they want. शांत करना
40. On edge: to be nervous or worried.
29. Mired: to be involved in a difficult
situation, especially for a long period 41. In a bind: In a difficult or
of time. कठिनाइयों से घिरे रहना embarrassing position; also, unable
to solve a problem.
30. Whimsy: a way of thinking or
behaving or a style of doing 42. Propel: to force somebody to move
something that is unusual and not in a particular direction or to get into
serious, in a way that is either funny a particular situation. आगे को बढ़ाना
or annoying. सनक 43. Exponentially: in a way that becomes
31. Incrementally: in regular increases, faster and faster. तेजी से
amounts or stages. वद्ृ धि के आधार पर 44. Transition: the process of changing,

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or a change from one form or 56. Nudging: encouraging or persuading
condition to another. परिवर्तन someone to do something in a way
that is gentle rather than forceful or
45. Reliance: the state of needing or direct. बढ़ावा दे ना
depending on something or someone
in order to be able to do something. 57. Mandarins: people who have very
भरोसा important jobs in the government,
and who are sometimes considered
46. Imperative: something that needs to to be too powerful. दफ़्तरशाह
be done or given attention
immediately. अनिवार्य 58. Deem: to consider or judge
something in a particular way. समझना
47. Leverage: to use something that you
already have in order to achieve 59. Medley: a mixture of people or things
something new or better. फ़ायदा उठाना of different kinds. मिश्रण

48. Catalyse: to make something start 60. Propensity: a tendency to behave in

happening or start being successful. a particular way. प्रवत्ति
ृ
उत्प्रेरण करना
61. Conspicuous: very noticeable or
49. Poised: ready to move, or prepared attracting attention, often in a way
and waiting for something to happen. that is not wanted. सस्
ु पष्ट
तैयार
62. Alluring: attractive or exciting. मनोहर
50. Fillip: something that causes a
sudden improvement. प्रोत्साहन 63. Nuances: very slight differences in
meaning, sound, colour or
51. Site: to exist or be built in a somebody’s feelings that is not
particular place. बनाना usually very obvious. बारीकी

52. Remnants: parts of something that is 64. Prudent: showing good judgment in
left after the other parts have been avoiding risks and uncertainties;
used, removed, destroyed, etc. अवशेष careful. विवेकी

53. Unprecedented: never having 65. Leg-up: an act of helping somebody

happened or existed in the past. to improve their situation. सहायता
अभतू पर्व
ू
66. Conned: tricked somebody,
Phrasal verbs especially in order to get money from
them or persuaded them to do
54. Cracked down on: took severe something for you. ठगना
measures against someone or
something. 67. Penury: the state of being extremely
poor. दरिद्रता
55. Sprung up: appeared or developed
quickly and/or suddenly. 68. Prodding: the act of encouraging

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somebody to do something. उकसाना 81. Discourse: a long and serious
treatment or discussion of a subject
Phrasal verb in speech or writing. संवाद
69. Factor in: to include a particular fact 82. Stringent: very strict and that must
or situation when you are thinking be obeyed. कठोर
about or planning something.
83. Insurmountable: (esp. of a problem
70. Stark: unpleasant; real, and or a difficulty) so great that it cannot
impossible to avoid. वास्तविक किंतु be dealt with successfully. अजेय
अप्रिय
Phrasal verb
71. Fragility: the quality of being easily
damaged or broken. भंगुरता 84. Dial down: to make something less
forceful or extreme.
72. Marred: damaged or spoilt to a
certain extent. दषि
ू त करना 85. Discord: a lack of agreement or
feeling of trust between people.
73. Discord: a lack of agreement or मनमट ु ाव
feeling of trust between people.
मनमट ु ाव 86. Flurry: a sudden, short period of
activity, excitement, or interest हलचल
74. Slammed: criticised harshly. कटु
आलोचना करना 87. Resurgence: a new increase of
activity or interest in a particular
75. Grave: urgent and very bad; serious. subject or idea that had been
गंभीर forgotten for some time. पन ु रुत्थान
76. Provocation: an action or statement 88. Diaspora: the movement of people
that is intended to make someone from any nation or group away from
angry. उकसावा their own country; people who have
77. Warrant: to make a particular action moved away from their own country.
necessary or correct. अधिकार दे ना प्रवासी

78. Intrusions: the acts of going into a 89. Ruptured: ended an agreement or
place or becoming involved in a good relations between people or
situation where you are not wanted countries. संबंध विच्छे द
or do not belong. घसु पैठ 90. Flagged: became weaker, slower, or
79. Conceivable: possible to imagine or less effective. शक्तिहीन होना
to believe. कल्पनीय 91. Pitfalls: dangers or difficulties,
80. Constrained: forced to act or behave especially ones that is hidden or not
in a particular way. विवश करना obvious at first. छिपी हुई दिक्कत

92. Contesting: attempting to win an

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election or to get power or control. example of a quality or type of thing.
चनु ाव लड़ना का प्रतीक होना

93. Lopsided: lacking balance; with a lot 105. Portends: to be a sign or warning
more attention, points, votes, etc. on of something that is going to happen
one side than the other. एकतरफा in the future. पर्वा
ू भास या पर्व
ू सचू ना दे ना

Phrasal verb 106. Unabashed: without any worry

about possible criticism or
94. Ramp up: to increase the speed, embarrassment. निर्लज्ज
power, or cost of something
107. Flagged: warned or told people
Idioms about something that was important
95. Washed their hands of:refused to or was a problem. सचि
ू त करना
accept responsibility for something. 108. Bigotry: the fact of having and
96. Called the shots: made the expressing strong, unreasonable
decisions; decided what is to be beliefs and disliking other people
done. who have different beliefs or a
different way of life. कट्टरता
97. Stirring: producing strong feelings or
excitement in someone. उत्तेजक Phrasal verbs

98. Fashioned: made something using 109. Dished out: gave something,
your hands. निर्माण करना often to a lot of people or in large
amounts.
99. Riveting: so interesting or exciting
that it holds your attention 110. Holed up: stay in a place.
completely. दिलचस्प Idiom
100. Lingers: to continue to exist for 111. Cherry on the cake: something
longer than expected. दे र तक ठहरना that makes something that is already
101. Abrasive: having a rough surface good even better, or perfect.
that will rub off a thin layer of 112. Unwavering: never changing or
another surface. अपघर्षक becoming weaker. अटूट
102. Finessed: improved something so 113. Persistence: the fact of
it is the best it can possibly be. बेहतर continuing to try to do something
बनाना despite difficulties. दृढ़ता
103. Skirmish: a short fight between 114. Dissipate: to gradually become or
groups of people. झड़प make something become weaker
104. Epitomises: to be a perfect until it disappears. नष्ट करना

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115. Forebodes: to warn of or indicate 128. Statutory: decided, controlled, or
(an event, result, etc) in advance. required by law. सांविधिक
शकुन कहना
129. Low key: simple and not
116. Temper: to make something less attracting attention. शांत
strong, extreme, etc. कम करना
130. Languid: lacking energy, or
117. Cognisant: having knowledge or causing a lack of energy or
understanding of something. अवगत enthusiasm. निस्तेज

118. Resilient: able to recover quickly 131. Vexed: difficult to deal with and
after something unpleasant such as causing a lot of disagreement and
shock, injury, etc. प्रत्यास्थी argument. विवादास्पद

119. Underpinned: gave support to 132. Euphemism: a word or phrase

something or provide the starting used to avoid saying an unpleasant
point from which something could or offensive word. प्रेयोक्ति
develop. सहारा दे ना
133. Decimated: severely damaged or
120. Manifest: easily noticed or made weaker. विध्वस्त
obvious. प्रत्यक्ष
134. Stalemate: a situation in which
121. Outlook: the likely future neither group involved in an
situation. संभावना argument can win or get an
advantage and no action can be
122. Unequivocal: total, or expressed taken. गतिरोध
in a clear and certain way. स्पष्ट
135. Outfits: groups of people working
123. Tailored: made or changed together as an organisation,
especially to be suitable for a business, team, etc. संस्थान
particular situation or purpose. अनरू
ु प
Phrasal verbs
124. Susceptible: easily influenced or
likely to be hurt by something. 136. Carving out: removing from a
अतिसंवेदनशील larger whole.

125. Bedrock: the main principles on 137. Hinges on: depends on

which something is based. मल
ू something, or needs something in
order to be successful.
126. Conundrum: a ​ confusing problem
or question that is very difficult to Idioms
solve. समस्या
138. Added injury to insult: made bad
127. Implications: possible effects or situation worse with unfair treatment.
results of an action or a decision.
प्रभाव 139. Have its hands full: to be very

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busy or involved with something. 151. Weigh on: to make someone feel
worried and upset.
140. Fillip: something that causes a
sudden improvement. प्रोत्साहन Idioms

141. Enduring: continuing for a long 152. In the wake of: happening after or
time; lasting. चिरस्थायी as result of event.

142. Pent-up: (of feelings, energy, etc.) 153. Take a back seat: to be given a
that cannot be expressed or lower priority.
released. दबाया हुआ
154. Pipe dream: an idea or plan that is
143. Tranche: one of the parts into impossible or very unlikely to
which an amount of money or a happen. आत्मप्रतारणा
number of shares in a company is
divided. अंश 155. Potable: clean and safe to drink.
पीने योग्य
144. Perilous: extremely dangerous.
खतरनाक 156. Bottom-up: starting at the lowest
levels or from the smallest details of
145. Preponderant: larger in number or an organization, system, plan, etc.
more important than other people or
things in a group. प्रबल 157. Shun: to avoid or refuse to accept
someone or something. अस्वीकार करना
146. Forebode: to warn of or indicate
an event, result, etc in advance. शकुन 158. Evident: easily seen or
कहना understood; obvious. प्रत्यक्ष

147. Bleak: (of a situation) not giving 159. Further: to help something to
any reason to have hope or expect develop or be successful. आगे बढ़ाना
anything good. निराशाजन 160. Precedent: a similar action or
Phrasal verbs event that happened earlier. पर्व
ू
उदाहरण
148. Weighed down: caused problems
or difficulties for someone or 161. Ornamental: beautiful rather than
something. useful. सजावटी

149. Hinge on: to depend on 162. Discretion: the freedom or power

something, or to need something in to decide what should be done in a
order to be successful. particular situation. कार्य स्वाधीनता

150. Stave off: to stop something bad 163. Embellished: made something
from happening, or to keep an more beautiful or interesting by
unwanted situation or person away, additions or details. अलंकृत करना
usually temporarily.

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Phrasal verb unhappiness about something. बेचन
ै ी

164. Revert to: to return to a former 176. Sans: without. के बिना.

state; to start doing something again
that you used to do in the past. 177. Outstripped: became greater than
something or someone in amount,
Idiom degree, or success. आगे निकल जाना

165. Raising eyebrows: causing 178. Dilation: act or action of

surprise or shock. enlarging, expanding, or widening.
फैलाव
166. Vesting: giving someone or
something the power to do 179. Anchored: fixed firmly and stably.
something. अधिकार प्रदान करना रोकना

167. Impede: to delay or stop the Phrasal verb

progress of something. बाधा डालना
180. Tamping down: reducing the
168. Sporadically: sometimes, but not amount, level, size, or importance of
regularly or continuously. कभी कभी something.

169. Erasure: the act of causing a 181. Brazen: open and without shame,
feeling, memory, or period of time to usually about something that shocks
be completely forgotten. विलोपन people. खल्
ु लमखल्
ु ला

170. Appropriation: the act of taking 182. Intimidation: the action of

something for your own use, usually frightening or threatening someone,
without permission. स्वायत्तीकरण usually in order to persuade them to
do something that you want them to
171. Footing: the basis on which do. डराना-धमकाना
something is established or
organised. आधार 183. Overzealous: showing too much
energy or enthusiasm. बहुत उत्सक
ु
172. Vandalism: the crime of
intentionally damaging property 184. Ham-fisted: doing things in an
belonging to other people. जानबझ
ू कर awkward or unskilled way when
माल की हानि करना using the hands or dealing with
people. बेढब
173. Endeavour: to try very hard to do
something. प्रयत्न करना 185. Imprimatur: official permission to
do something that is given by a
174. Disconcerting: making someone person or group in a position of
feel uncertain and uncomfortable or power. इजाज़त
worried. चिंताजनक
186. Rooted: having developed from
175. Disquiet: feelings of worry and something.आधारित

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187. Embodies: to represent a quality 197. Resilient: able to recover quickly
or an idea exactly. मर्त
ू रूप दे ना after something unpleasant such as
shock, injury, etc. प्रत्यास्थी
188. Strife: violent or angry
disagreement. कलह 198. Flagged: warned or told people
about something that is important or
189. Repatriation: the act of sending or is a problem. इशारा करना
bringing somebody back to their own
country. दे श-प्रत्यावर्तन 199. Formidable: strong and powerful,
and therefore difficult to deal with if
190. Protracted: lasting for a long time, opposed to you. साहस तोड़ने वाला
or made to continue longer than
necessary. दीर्घ 200. Pressing: urgent or needing to be
dealt with immediately. अत्यावश्यक
Word of foreign origin
Word of foreign origin
191. Vide: (meaning “see” or “refer
to.”) used as an instruction in books 201. De facto: existing in fact, although
to tell the reader to look at a perhaps not intended, legal, or
particular book, passage, etc. for accepted.
more information.
Jargon
Phrasal verb
202. Burnout: extreme tiredness or a
192. Brushed aside: refused to feeling of not being able to work any
consider something seriously more, caused by working too hard.
because you felt that it was not
important. Phrasal verb

Idioms: 203. Kicking off: starting or beginning.

193. Cast a shadow: to spoil a good

situation with something unpleasant. Idioms
194. Under the aegis of: with the 204. Silver lining: an advantage that
protection or support of someone or comes from a difficult or unpleasant
something, especially an situation.
organisation.
205. A far cry from: to be completely
195. Wary: not completely trusting or different from something.
certain about something or someone.
चौकस 206. In tandem: together and at the
same time.
196. Pall: a negative feeling or mood.
नकारात्मक भावना 207. Hit a wall: reach point where you
cannot make progress.

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208. Put in a spot: ask someone own advantage. पितस
ृ त्तात्मकता
difficult or embarrassing question.
220. Underpinned: give support,
209. Theology: the study of religion strength, or a basic structure to
and religious belief. धर्मशास्र something. सहारा दे ना

210. Triumphalist: showing pleasure 221. Conceded: admitted that

and satisfaction because you have something is true. स्वीकार किया
won or done better than someone.
विजयी स्वर में 222. Callous: without sympathy or
feeling for other people. कठोर
211. Charade: an act or event that is
obviously false, although 223. Ceding: allowing someone else to
represented as true. नाटक have or own something, especially
unwillingly or because you are
212. Brazenness: behaviour in which forced to do so. त्याग करना
someone does something in a very
obvious way, without trying to hide it. 224. Touchstone: something that
बेशर्मी provides a standard against which
other things are compared and/or
213. Flogged: beat (someone) with a judged. कसौटी
whip or stick as a punishment. कोड़े
लगाना 225. Indictment: a statement that
criticizes someone or something
214. Debauchery: behaviour involving strongly for being bad or wrong.
too much sex, alcohol or drugs. कलंक
ऐयाशी
226. Coerce: to force somebody to do
215. Vicious: intending to hurt badly, something by using threats. मजबरू
or likely to be violent. क्रूरतापर्ण
ू करना

216. Misogyny: feelings of hating 227. Tussle: a short struggle, fight or

women, or the belief that men are argument especially in order to get
much better than women. स्त्री - द्वेष something. संघर्ष

217. Incorrigibly: in a way that is 228. Palatable: pleasant or acceptable

impossible to change or improve. to somebody. स्वीकार्य
अशोधनीय रूप से
229. Fanaticism: extreme beliefs that
218. Credo: a set of beliefs. मल
ू मंत्र may lead to unreasonable or violent
behaviour. कट्टरता
219. Patriarchy: a society in which the
oldest male is the leader of the 230. Altercation: a loud argument or
family, or a society controlled by men disagreement. तकरार
in which they use their power to their
231. Brazen: open and without shame,

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usually about something that shocks activity. सीमांत
people. खल्
ु लमखल्
ु ला
243. Loophole: a mistake in the way a
232. Untenable: not able to be law, contract, etc. has been written
supported or defended against that enables people to legally avoid
criticism, or no longer able to doing something that the law,
continue. असमर्थनीय contract, etc. had intended them to
do. बचाव का रास्ता
233. Acrimony: anger, argument, and
bad feeling. कड़वाहट 244. Chronic: continuing for a long
time. दीर्घकालिक
234. Perverse: showing a deliberate
and determined desire to behave in a 245. Tantamount: being almost the
way that most people think is wrong, same or having the same effect as
unacceptable or unreasonable. विकृत something, usually something bad.
बराबर
235. Vindicates: to prove that
something is true or that you were 246. Foolproof: so simple and easy to
right to do something, especially understand that it is unable to go
when other people had a different wrong or be used wrongly. विश्वसनीय
opinion. सच या ठीक ठहराना और आसान

Idioms 247. Crushing: severe. तीव्र

236. Under a cloud: to be viewed with 248. Deterrent: something that makes
suspicion, distrust, or disapproval. somebody less likely to do
something. हतोत्साह करनेवाला
237. Hit home: to become completely
understood. Idioms

238. Inconceivable: impossible to 249. Blow the lid off something: make
imagine or think of. समझ से बाहर something known that was secret.

239. Flagrant: that shocks you 250. Came to light: became known or
because it is done in a very obvious discovered.
way and shows no respect for
people, laws, etc. घोर 251. Slip through the cracks: to not be
noticed or dealt with by a system.
240. Sordid: morally wrong and
shocking. घिनौना Phrasal verb

241. Bizzare: very strange and 252. Toy with: to consider or think
unusual. अजीब about an idea or plan.

242. Fringes: the outer or less 253. Expedite: to cause something to

important parts of an area, group, or be done or progress more quickly.

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जल्दी करना especially intentionally. उलझाना

254. Acquitted: caused yourself to Phrasal verb

perform or behave in the stated way.
परु ा करना 265. Hiving off: separating one part of
a group from the rest.
255. Fag end: the last part of
something, especially when it is less Idioms
important or interesting. अंतिम भाग 266. Shed light: to provide information
256. Statutory: decided, controlled, or about something or to make
required by law. वैधानिक something easier to understand.

257. Rationale: the reasons or 267. Cried foul: said that something
intentions for a particular set of that had happened was unfair or
thoughts or actions. तर्काधार illegal.

258. Comprehensive: complete and 268. Relenting: acting in a less severe

including everything that is way towards someone and allowing
necessary. सर्वसमावेशी something that you had refused to
allow before. मान जाना
259. Inevitable: certain to happen and
unable to be avoided or prevented. 269. Bolster: to support something, or
जो टल न सके make something stronger. सहारा दे ना

260. Allegedly: used when something 270. Pledged: made a serious or

is said to be true but has not been formal promise to give or do
proved. कथित तौर पर something. प्रतिज्ञा करना

261. Interjected: said something while 271. Inflicted: forced someone or

another person was speaking. एकाएक something to experience something
बीच में बोल उठना unpleasant. पीड़ा पहुंचाना

262. Expunged: rubbed off or removed 272. Cataclysmic: causing a lot of

information from a piece of writing. destruction, or a sudden, violent
मिटाना change. प्रलयात्मक

263. Travesty: something that fails to 273. Imperative: of vital importance;

represent the values and qualities crucial. आत्यावश्यक
that it is intended to represent, in a 274. Catch-all: general and intended to
way that is shocking or offensive. include everything. बहुअर्थीय
प्रहसन
275. In lieu of: instead of. बदले में
264. Obfuscate: to make something
less clear and harder to understand, 276. Akin: having some of the same

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qualities; similar. समान 286. Trample: to ignore somebody’s
feelings or rights and treat them as if
277. Incentivise: to make someone they are not important. नज़रअंदाज़
want to do something, such as to करना
buy something or to do work,
especially by offering prizes or 287. Essence: the most important
rewards. प्रोत्साहित करना quality or feature of something, that
makes it what it is. मल
ू तत्त्व
278. Intervene: to become involved
intentionally in a difficult situation in 288. Frivolously: in a way that has no
order to change it or improve it, or serious or useful purpose. बिना
prevent it from getting worse. हस्तक्षेप गंभीरता के
करना
289. Maxim: a brief statement of a
Idiom general truth, principle, or rule for
behavior. सिद्धांत
279. Reeling under: struggling to deal
with some oppressive or difficult 290. Dodgy: not working well; likely to
burden or responsibility. fail or cause problems. डाँवाँडोल

280. Further: to develop or make Idiom

progress in something. आगे बढ़ाना
291. Last resort: the only choice that
281. Littoral: near the coast; remains after all others have been
connected with the coast. तटीय tried.

282. Diaspora: people who have 292. Dithering: to be unable to make a

moved away from their own country. decision about doing something.
प्रवासी स्पंदित होना

283. Seamlessly: smoothly and 293. Cessation: the stopping of

continuously, with no apparent gaps something. समापन
or spaces between one part and the
next. सच 294. Stalemate: any position or
ु ारू रूप से
situation in which no action can be
284. Hitherto: until now or until a taken or progress made. गतिरोध
particular time. अब तक
295. Abstained: chose not to use a
285. Springboard: something that vote, either in favour of or against
provides you either with the something. मतदान में भाग नहीं लेना
opportunity to follow a particular
plan of action, or the encouragement 296. Reiterated: said something again,
that is needed to make it successful. once or several times. दोहराना
आगे बढ़ने की प्रेरणा 297. Heeded: paid attention to
something, especially advice or a

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warning. ध्यान दे ना that something unpleasant may
happen. आशंका
298. Duress: threats or force that are
used to make somebody do 310. Entrench: to firmly establish
something. दबाव something, especially an idea or a
problem, so that it cannot be
299. Diffident: shy and not confident of changed. दृढ़ता से स्थापित करना
your abilities. संकोची
311. Stigma: a set of negative and
300. Paltry: too small to be considered often unfair beliefs that a society or
as important or useful. मामल
ू ी group of people have about
301. Convening: coming or bringing something. कलंक
together for a meeting or activity. 312. Decried: publicly criticised
एकत्र करना something as being undesirable or
302. Estranged: no longer friendly or harmful. निंदा करना
in contact with somebody. विरक्त 313. Imperative: very important and
303. Oblivion: the state of being needing immediate attention or
completely forgotten by the public. action. आत्यावश्यक
गुमनामी 314. Strive: to try very hard to do
Phrasal verbs something or to make something
happen, especially for a long time or
304. Blown over: went away without against difficulties. प्रयास करना
having a serious effect.
315. Partisan: showing too much
305. Shoring up: helping to support support for one person, group or
something that is weak or going to idea, especially without considering
fail. it carefully. पक्षपातपर्ण
ू
Idiom 316. Unsavory: unpleasant, or morally
offensive. घणि
ृ त
306. Eat humble pie: to admit that you
were wrong. 317. Cavalier: not considering other
people's feelings or safety. लापरवाह
307. Constraints: things that limit or
restrict something, or your freedom 318. Denounce: to accuse someone
to do something. बाध्यताएं publicly of being something that is
bad or wrong. आरोप लगाना
308. Disincentive: something that
makes a person or organisation less 319. Egregious: extremely bad in a
willing to do something. निरुत्साह way that is very noticeable. अत्यंत बरु ा

309. Apprehensions: worries or fears 320. Effect: to achieve something and

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cause it to happen. अमल में लाना confidence.घबराहट

321. Thwarted: stopped something

from happening or someone from
doing something. रोकना

322. Formidable: strong and powerful,

and therefore difficult to deal with if
opposed to you. साहस तोड़ने वाला

323. Impetus: a force that encourages

a particular action or makes it more
energetic or effective. प्रोत्साहन

324. Apartheid: a system of keeping

groups of people separate and
treating them differently, especially
when this results in disadvantage for
one group. रं गभेद

325. Pertinent: relating directly to the

subject being considered. उचित

326. Paradigm shift: a great and

important change in the way
something is done or thought about.
आमलू परिवर्तन

327. Woo: to try to get the support of

somebody. समर्थन माँगना

328. Pious: pretending to be religious,

moral or good in order to impress
other people. पाक

329. Mitigate: to make something less

severe or less unpleasant. कम करना

330. Spur: to encourage an activity or

development or make it happen
faster. प्रोत्साहित करना

331. Robust: strong and unlikely to

break or fail. मज़बत
ू

332. Timidity: lack of courage or

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TESTIMONIALS

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