Introduction to quality

standard
 Quality standards
• A level of quality, achievement, etc., That is considered acceptable or
desirable.
• Something that is used to make judgments about the quality of other
things.
• Something set up and established by authority as a rule for the measure
of quantity, weight, extent, value, or other quality parameters.

• Example: OEKO-TEX® Standard 100Purpose: This certification ensures that

textiles are free from harmful substances and meet human-ecological safety
standards
 What is ISO
• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an
international standard-setting body composed of representatives from
various national standards organizations.
• Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promotes worldwide
proprietary, industrial and commercial standards.
• Its headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a
membership of 161 national standards bodies. (By 2018)
 ISO Membership
• ISO has 161 national members
• ISO has three membership categories:
– Member bodies are national bodies considered the most representative
standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have
voting rights. (American National Standards Institute (ANSI) represents the
USA in ISO) (Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI the member
of ISO since 1974)
– Correspondent members are countries that do not have their own
standards organization. These members are informed about ISO's work, but
do not participate in standards promulgation.
– Subscriber members are countries with small economies. They pay reduced
membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.
 ISO Financing
• ISO is funded by a combination of:
– Organizations that manage the specific projects or loan experts to participate in the technical
work. ISO develops standards through collaboration with various experts from member countries.
Some of these organizations (which could be industry associations, research organizations, or
government bodies) contribute to ISO's work by providing funding, technical expertise, or by
loaning experts to participate in the development of new standards.

– Subscriptions from member bodies. These subscriptions are in proportion to each country's
gross national product and trade figures. ISO has member bodies in each country. These are
typically national standards organizations, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
in the U.S., or the British Standards Institution (BSI) in the U.K. These member bodies pay an
annual subscription fee to be a part of ISO.

– Sale of standards. ISO sells copies of its published standards to organizations, companies, and
individuals who need them. These standards are valuable documents that provide rules, guidelines,
and specifications for different industries (e.g., manufacturing, construction, technology, etc.).
 International Standards
• International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and
subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:
Stage 1: Proposal stage
Stage 2: Preparatory stage
Stage 3: Committee stage
Stage 4: Enquiry stage
Stage 5: Approval stage
Stage 6: Publication stage
• The TC/SC may set up working groups (WG) of experts for the preparation of
a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which
can have several Sub Groups (SG).
Proposal stage
• This first step is to confirm that a new International Standard in the subject
area is really needed. (See the Global relevance policy.) A new work item
proposal (NP) is submitted to the committee for vote using Form. The
electronic balloting portal shall be used for the vote.
• The person being nominated as project leader is named on the Form.
• If there are possible complications around copyright, patents or conformity
assessment they should be raised at this early stage.
• This stage can be skipped for revisions and amendments to ISO standards
that are already published (as long as the scope does not change).
Preparatory stage
• Usually a working group (WG) is set up by the parent committee to prepare
the working draft (WD). The WG is made up of experts and a Convener
(usually the Project leader).
• During this stage, experts continue to look out for issues around copyright,
patents and conformity assessment.
• Successive WDs can be circulated until the experts are satisfied that they have
developed the best solution they can. The draft is then forwarded to the WG's
parent committee who will decide which stage to go to next (Committee
stage or Enquiry stage).
• The ISO/TC platform can be used for sharing documents at this and other
stages of standards development.
Committee stage
• This stage is optional.
• During this stage the draft from the working group is shared with the
members of the parent committee.
• If the committee uses this stage, the committee draft (CD) is circulated to
the members of the committee who then comment using the Electronic
Balloting Portal. Successive CDs can be circulated until consensus is reached
on the technical content.
Enquiry stage
• The Draft International Standard (DIS) is submitted to ISO Central Secretariat
by the Committee Manager. It is then circulated to all ISO members who then
have 12 weeks to vote and comment on it.
• The DIS is approved if a two-thirds of the participating-members of the
TC/SC are in favor and not more than one-quarter of the total number of
votes cast are negative.
• If the DIS is approved and no technical changes are introduced in the draft,
the project goes straight to publication. However, if technical changes are
introduced, FDIS (Final Draft International Standard) stage is mandatory.
Approval stage
• This stage will be automatically skipped if the DIS has been approved and no
technical changes are introduced
• However, if the draft incorporates technical changes following comments at the
DIS stage (even if the DIS has been approved) the FDIS stage becomes mandatory.
(See the ISO/IEC Directives Part 1, 2.6.4 for more information.)

• If this stage is used, the Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) is submitted to
ISO/Central Secretariat (ISO/CS) by the Committee Manager. The FDIS is then
circulated to all ISO member for an 8 week vote.

• The standard is approved if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the

TC/SC is in favor and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes
cast are negative. (See the ISO/IEC Directives Part 1, 2.7 for more information.)
Publication stage
• At this stage the secretary submits the final document for publication
through the Submission Interface. But if the standard has passed
through the Approval stage, the manager may submit the project
leader’s responses to member body comments on the FDIS.
• Only editorial corrections are made to the final text. It is published by
the ISO Central Secretariat as an International Standard.
• Committee Managers and project leaders get a two-week sign off
period before the standard is published
 Quality Management System (QMS)
standards-1987 version
• ISO 9001:1987: Model for quality assurance in design, development,
production, installation, and servicing was for companies and organizations
whose activities included the creation of new products.
• ISO 9002:1987: Model for quality assurance in production, installation, and
servicing had basically the same material as ISO 9001 but without covering the
creation of new products.
• ISO 9003:1987 Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test covered
only the final inspection of finished product, with no concern for how the
product was produced.
 ISO standards (1994 version)
• The standards are reviewed every few years by the ISO. The version in 1994
was called the ISO 9000:1994 series; consisting of the ISO 9001:1994,
9002:1994 and 9003:1994 versions.
• ISO 9000:1994 emphasized quality assurance via preventive actions, instead
of just checking final product, and continued to require evidence of
compliance with documentted procedures.
 ISO standards (2000 version)
• The last major revision was in the year 2000 and the series was called ISO
9000:2000 series.
• The ISO 9002 and 9003 standards were integrated into one single certifiable
standard: ISO 9001:2000.
• The 2000 version sought to make a radical change in thinking by actually
placing the concept of process management front and center,
• The 2000 version also demanded involvement by upper executives in order to
integrate quality into the business system and avoid delegation of quality
functions to junior administrators.
• Before the 2000 version, the focus was mostly on checking the quality of the final
product at the end of the process. The idea was to inspect the product once it was
finished to make sure it met quality standards. In the 2000 version, the focus
changed to managing and improving the processes that produce the product—not
just inspecting the final product. This means the organization should focus on
ensuring that every step of the process (from start to finish) is done correctly, which
helps avoid mistakes early on, rather than discovering them at the end.
• Before the 2000 version, quality control might have been handled by lower-level
employees or managers, such as quality inspectors or junior managers. These
people were responsible for ensuring the product was of good quality. In the 2000
version, the standard required that senior executives (like the CEO, president, or
top managers) take responsibility for the quality of the product and service.
Quality management was no longer just for junior staff—it became a task that top-
level managers had to actively lead and be involved in. The idea was to make
quality a key part of the company's overall business goals, not something just
handled by the "quality department."
ISO standards (2008 version)
• ISO released a minor revision, ISO 9001:2008 on 14 October 2008. It
contains no new requirements.
• Many of the changes were to improve consistency in grammar,
facilitating translation of the standard into other languages for use
by over 950,000 certified organization in the 175 countries (as at Dec
2007) that use the standard.
 ISO standards (2015 version)
• ISO 9001:2015 applies to any organization, regardless of size or industry.
More than one million organizations from more than 160 countries have
applied the ISO 9001 standard requirements to their quality management
systems.
• Organizations of all types and sizes find that using the ISO 9001 standard
helps them:
– Organize processes
– Improve the efficiency of processes
– Continually improve
ISO standards (2015 version)
• All organizations that use ISO 9001 are encouraged to transition to
ISO 9001:2015 as soon as possible. This includes not only
organizations that are certified to ISO 9001:2008, but also any
organizations involved in training or certifying others.
 ISO 26000- Social Responsibility
• Business and organizations do not operate in a vacuum. Their
relationship to the society and environment in which they operate is a
critical factor in their ability to continue to operate effectively. It is also
increasingly being used as a measure of their overall performance.
• ISO 26000 provides guidance on how businesses and organizations can
operate in a socially responsible way. This means acting in an ethical and
transparent way that contributes to the health and welfare of society.
 ISO 14000
• ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental
management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their
operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e.
cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with
applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented
requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.
 What is ISO 14000?
• ISO 14000 is a series of international, voluntary environmental
management standards, guides, and technical reports. The standards
specify requirements for establishing an environmental policy,
determining environmental impacts of products or services, planning
environmental objectives, implementing programs to meet objectives,
and conducting corrective action and management review.
 History

• The first environmental management system standard, BS 7750, was published

in 1992 by the BSI group
• In 1996, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the
ISO 14000 family of standards ISO 14001 underwent revision in 2004
• The current revision of ISO 14001 was published in September 2015
 Objective
• The primary objective of the ISO 14000 series of standards is to promote
effective environmental management systems in organizations. The
standards seek to provide cost-effective tools that make use of best
practices for organizing and applying information about environmental
management.
• The ISO 14000 family was developed in response to a recognized industry
need for standardization. With different organizational approaches to
environmental management, comparisons of systems and collaboration
had proved difficult.
ISO 14000 Aspects
• Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
• Environmental Auditing & Related Investigations (EA&RI)
• Environmental Labels and Declarations (EL)
• Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE)
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Terms and Definitions (T&D)
 Compliance to an ISO 14000 EMS
•Assures customers of your commitment to demonstrable environmental management
•Maintains excellent public relations
•Satisfies investor criteria and improves access to capital
•Obtains insurance at reasonable cost
•Enhances your image and market share
•Meets your clients' registration requirements
•Improves cost control by identifying and eliminating waste and inefficiency
•Lessens incidents that result in liability (state of legally responsible or something)
•Reduces your consumption of materials and energy
•Facilitates the attainment of permits and authorizations
•Decreases the cost of complying with environmental regulations
•Improves industry-government relations
 Elements of ISO 14000
• Development of an environmental policy that reflects an organization’s
commitments;
• The appointment of a person(s) responsible for the EMS's coordination;
• Identification of how the organization interacts with the environment;
• Identification of actual and potential environmental impacts;
• Identification of environmental compliance requirements;
• Establishment of environmental objectives, targets and programs;
• Monitoring and measurement of the progress to achieve its objectives;
• Reviewing the system and environmental performance; and
• Continuous improvement of the organization's environmental performance.
 ISO 14000 standards
Organization-oriented ISO 14000 standards
➢ISO 14001:2004, Environmental Management Systems-Specification With Guidance for Use
➢ISO 14004:2004, Environmental Management Systems-General Guidelines on Principles,
Systems and Supporting Techniques
➢ISO 14010:1996, Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-General Principles
➢ISO 14011:1996, Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-Audit Procedures- Auditing of
Environmental Management Systems
➢ISO 14012:1996, Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-Qualification Criteria for
Environmental Auditors
➢ISO 14031:1999, Environmental Management-Environmental Performance Evaluation-
Guidelines
➢ISO/TR 14032:1999, Environmental Management-Examples of Environmental Performance
Evaluation (EPE)
➢ISO/TR 14061:1998, Information to Assist Forestry Organizations in the Use of
Environmental Management System Standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004
 ISO 14000 standards
• The product-oriented standards
➢The product-oriented standards are concerned with determining the
environmental aspects and impacts of products or services over their life
cycles, and with the application of environmental labels and declarations on or
to products. These standards assist an organization in assembling the data
needed to support planning and decision- making, and to communicate
specific environmental information about a product/service to customers,
end-users, and other interested parties.
 Benefits of ISO 14000
• Increased demand for their services and products through a marketing advantage;
• Lowering business costs through reducing resource consumption and waste
production;
• Improving their environmental performance, reducing their environmental impact
and controlling environmental risk;
• Achieving their environmental commitments and environmental policy
requirements;
• Meeting their environmental legal requirements;
• Committing to social responsibilities;
• Promoting a positive image with stakeholders, customers and employees; and
• Retaining environmental knowledge and ensuring information is effectively
communicated.
 Principles of ISO 14000 series
To result in better environmental management
To encompass environmental management systems and the environmental aspects
of products
To be applicable in all countries
To promote the broader interests of the public as well as users of these standards
To be cost-effective, non-prescriptive and flexible so they are able to meet the
differing needs of organizations of any type or size, worldwide
As part of their flexibility, to be suitable for internal and/or external verification
To be scientifically based
Above all, to be practical, useful and usable
 ISO 14000 registration
With respect to ISO 14000, registration is the formal recognition of an
organization's ability to conform to the requirements of an EMS (Environmental
Management Systems).
Organizations may simply declare that their EMS meets the requirements of ISO
14001 ("self-declaration").
However, many organizations choose to have their EMS registered, usually to
provide greater assurance to clients and the public, or because regulators and
clients require it.
 British Standards (BS)
• The British Standards Institution (BSI) is the UK’s national standards
organization. British Standards (BS) are the standards produced by the BSI
Group
• Its role is to produce and publish British Standards (BS) and information
products that promote and share best practice.
• BSI serves the interests of a wide range of industrial sectors as well as
governments, consumers, employees and society overall, to make sure the
British Standards (BS), European Standards (EN) and International Standards
(ISO) are useful.
• ASTM = American Society for testing & materials.
BSCI
 Introduction
BSCI this means is "The Business Social Compliance Initiative" (BSCI) is a leading supply
chain management system that supports companies to drive social compliance and
improvement within the factories & farms in their global supply chain.

What is BSCI Code of Conduct?

BSCI monitoring against the principle of this Code will start in January 2015. The BSCI Code of
Conduct refers to international conventions such as the universal declaration of human
rights the children right & business principle UN guiding principle for business & human
right OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guideline.
BSCI Code of Conduct Covers the Following Areas:
1. Legal Compliance
2. Working Hours
3. Compensation
4. Prohibition of Child Labor
6. Prohibition of Forced Lab-our & Disciplinary Measures.
7. Freedom of Association & the Right to collective Bargaining.
8. Prohibition of all Forms of Discrimination.
9. Workplace Health & Safety.
10. Management System
11. Environment and Safety Issues.
Benefits of BSCI
As a BSCI participant, you have the opportunity to:
1. Use an effective and well-established system to working conditions in your supply chain.
2. Access comprehensive auditing tools available in more than 20 language to ensure a
consistent monitoring of your supply chain.
3. Ensure the high quality of your audits by accessing the BSCI international network or
accredited auditing companies.
4. Benefit from the supplier databases gathering audit information thus gaining time and
money by avoiding multiple auditing of the same factory.
5. Access common training activities organized for BSCI participants in the Europe and for
their suppliers in sourcing countries.
6. Dialogue and cooperate with stakeholders at the European and supplier country level.
7. Engage in a broad network of CSR managers to share and further develop best practice in
the filed of social compliance.
8. Participate in the development of BSCI.
9. Received regular information update on news events in the social compliance field.
 What is BSCI Certification?
BSCI code of conduct is built on the most important international conventions
protecting workers right, notable the ILO conventions and recommendations.
All BSCI participants commit to implement the code in their supply chains. BSCI
supports companies by providing them with a range of interlinked activities and
tools to achieve a socially compliant supply chain.
 The 11 principles of the Code of Conduct that
BSCI participants commit to implement in their
supply chain are:

1. The right to freedom of association and collective.

2. No Discrimination.
3. Fair Remuneration.
4. Decent Working Hours.
5. Occupational health and safety.
6. No child labor.
7. Protection of young workers.
8. No precarious employment.
9. No bonded labor.
10. Protection of environment.
11. Ethical business behavior.
Bangladeshi Standards
 Bangladesh Standards
• The central testing laboratory (CTL) of Govt. was established in Dhaka in
1956 to provide testing facilities to govt., private industries, organizations and
business community.

• Govt. of Bangladesh has established the Bangladesh Standards and Testing

Institution( BSTI) with the merger of Bangladesh Standards Institution and
the Central Testing Laboratory (CTL) in 1985.

• The BSTI is a corporate body and its administrative ministry is the ministry of
industries.

• BSTI, the only National Standards body of Bangladesh, is playing an

important role in developing and promoting industrial standardization.
 Function of BSTI
The main functions of BSTI :
• BSTI is entrusted with the responsibility of formulating of national
Standards of industrial, food and chemical products keeping in view
of the regional and international standards.
• BSTI is responsible for the quality control of the products which are
ensured as per specific national standards made by the technical
committees formed by BSTI.
• BSTI is also responsible for the implementation of metric system
and to oversee the accuracy of weights and measures in the
country.
BSTI membership

• At present BSTI is the member/affiliate member/contact point of the

following international/regional organizations:
• International Organization for Legal Metrology (OIML),
• Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) of FAO/WHO.
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP)
• Asian Forum for Information Technology (AFIT)
• ISO Information Network (ISO NET)
 Certification Process
The development and communication of an environmental policy;
Environmental aspects need to be reviewed;
Legal requirements need to be assessed, and compliance monitored;
Objectives and targets need to be set and the programs in which to achieve them
developed;
Training needs should be identified and a strategy for achieving them implemented;
An internal audit completed; and
A management review of the EMS and their organization's environmental
performance