STPM 2015 SEM 2(U) MARKING SCHEME

16. a) - Atomic size of C is smaller than Si [1] 19 a) In alkaline condition [3]

- therefore stronger covalent bond (or vice versa) [1] Fe(OH)2 (aq) + OH–  O2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 4e− →
b) - doping with B @ Al @ P / increasing temperature [1] Fe(OH)3 + e – 4 OH− (aq)
o
c) - amorphous / do not have regular arrangement @ orderly E = +0.56 V E0 = + 0.40 V Eo = +0.5
3D arrangement of atom / no crystalline shape [1] 4 Fe(OH)2 (aq) + O2(aq) + 2H2O(l)  4 Fe(OH)3 (aq)
d) - NaOH will corrode / react / dissolve the glass [1] Ecell = + 0.96 V
- 2 NaOH + SiO2  Na2SiO3 + H2O [1]
e) - molecular sieves / ion exchange / absorption of In acidic condition [3]
molecule / soften hard water / catalyst / gas separation [1] Fe2+ (aq)  Fe3+ (aq) + e- O2(aq) + 4 H+(l) + 4e− →
17 a) - 2 OH- + Cl2  Cl- + OCl- + H2O (rej : NaOH) [1] Eo = -0.77 V 2 H2O (aq) Eo = +0.5
b) - OCl- is oxidised to ClO3- and reduced to Cl- [1] E0 = + 1.23 V
- 3 OCl-  2 Cl- + ClO3- [1]
2+ + 3+
4 Fe (aq) + O2 (aq) + 4 H (aq) → 4 Fe (aq) + 2H2O(l)
c) i. - to disinfect swimming pool / sanitisation of drinking Ecell = + 0.46 V
water / fruit @ vege washing / surface sanitisation of drain - Since Ecell in alkaline condition is more positive, [1]
/ bleaching agent [1] - rusting occur faster in alkaline condition [1]
ii. - easy to handle @ transport / Ca(ClO)2 more stable @ b) - Q = It @ 2.20 x (40 x 60) [1]
can be stored for long / greater availability of OCl - [1] - = 5280 A [1]
iii. - mol of Cl2 = 1.16 / 24.4 @ 0.0475 mol [1] - since Cu2+ + 2e-  Cu [1]
- mol of Ca(ClO)2 = 0.0238 mol [1] - mol of Cu = 1.74 / 63.5 @ 0.0274 mol [1]
- mass of Ca(ClO)2 = 0.0238 x (40.0 + 2(35.5 + 16.0) - mol of e- = 0.0274 x 2 = 0.0548 mol [1]
@ 3.40 g [1] - Quantity of charge, F = Q / e- @ 5280 / 0.05480 @
- % Ca(ClO)2 = 3.40 / 5.00 x 100 = 68.0 % [1] = 96345 C e- [1]
- NA = F / e- charge = 96345 / 1.60 x 10-19 @ 6.02 x 1023 [1]
Method 2 : mol = 5.00 / 143.1 @ 0.03494 [1]
VCl2 = 2 x 0.03494 x 24.4 [1] 20.a) - Stability of Group 2 nitrate increased down Group 2 [1]
= 1.705 / 1.71 / 1.70 dm3 [1]
% Ca(ClO)2 = 67.8 / 68.0 / 68.2 % [1] - 2 M(NO3)2 → 2 MO + 4 NO2 + O2 [1]

18 a) i.- energy liberated / released [1] - Size of cation increased down Group 2 [1]
- when 1 mol of solid crystal lattice is formed from - Charge density decreased [1]
oppositely charged gaseous ion [1] - cation less polarise the nitrate ion [1]
ii. Energy 2+
b) - Hsoln = Hhyd - HLE [1]
Ca (g) + 2 Cl (g) + 2 e- - Size of Mg2+ ion is smaller than Ba2+ [1]
∆Hatom Cl = 2 (+121) [1] - Hhyd < HLE in BaSO4 @ Hhyd > HLE in MgSO4 [1]
∆HEA Cl = 2 (-364) [1] - Hhyd of Mg2+ is greater than in Ba2+ [1]
Ca2+ (g) + Cl2 (g) + 2 e-
Ca2+ (g) + 2 Cl- (g)
- As a result, Hsoln of MgSO4 is exothermic Hsoln of
∆HIE Ca = 590 + 1150 BaSO4 is endothermic [1]
c) - BeO and Al2O3 is an ionic compound with high covalent
Ca (g) + Cl2 (g)
characteristic [1]
∆Hatom Ca = + 121 - BeO and Al2O3 are amphoteric oxide [1]
Ca (s) + Cl2 (g) ∆HLE CaCl2 - BeO + 2 OH- + H2O → Be(OH)42- [1]
- BeO + 2 H+ → Be2+ + H2O [1]
∆Hf CaCl2 = - 795 [1] - Al2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Al3+ + 3 H2O [1]
- BeO + 2 OH- + 3 H2O → 2 Al(OH)4- [1]
CaCl2 (s)
 
ΔH f = ΔH LE+ [ΔH atom Ca + 2ΔHatom Cl + ΔH1st IE Ca +


ΔH2nd IE Ca + 2ΔH1st EA Cl]


ΔH LE = (-795) – [(+121) + 2(+121) +(+590) +(1150) + 2(-364)]
= – 2170 kJ mol-1 [1]
iii. - CaCl2 is less stable than CaO [1]
- Cl- has smaller charge than O2- [1]
- Cl- has greater ionic radius than O2- [1]
b) C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) ∆H = -1411 [1]
C2H5OH (l) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) ∆H = -1367 [1]
Reverse : 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) → C2H5OH (l) + 3 O2 (g) ∆H= +1367[1]
C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) → C2H5OH (l) ∆H = - 44 kJ mol-1 [1]

1. A NH3 + 3 F2  3 HF + NF3. Using ∆H = ∑∆Hprod - ∑∆Hreact ; ∆H = [3(-269) + (-114)] - [-46 + 3(0)] = -875 kJ
Since the difference of lattice energy is due to the difference in cation, while the anion is the same. Therefore, electron affinity
2. A
of Cl- is the same and will not affect the lattice energy
Since lattice energy, LE  Q+  Q- / r+ + r- ; therefore in comparing NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2, in terms of charge, Ca2+ and
2+ + + 2+ 2+ + +
3. C Mg is greater than Na and K , while the size of cation of Ca is greater than Mg and K is greater than Na , therefore the
ascending order of increasing lattice energy is KCl < NaCl < CaCl 2 < MgCl2.
0 - 0
When compare the first and second E value, H2O2 is a stronger oxidising agent than MnO4 since E value is more positive.
4. C However, it will not decompose to form O2 by its own. H2O2 can act as oxidising and reducing agent (look at the position of
-
H2O2), From the equation, ratio of e- of MnO4 to H2O2 is 5 : 2, therefore 2 mole of MnO 4 will form 5 mol of O2.
 - -
Using equation, 0.059 [MnO 4 ][ H  ]8
, the Ecell for MnO4 is + 1.33 V. Therefore, MnO4 act as reducing agent while
E   1.52  lg
5 [Mn 2  ]
5. D Cl2 as oxidising agent. Therefore Ecell = (+1.36V) - (+1.33V) = + 0.03 V. Since Ecell is positive, reaction is spontaneous.
Therefore, anode of the cell is MnO 4-, no Cl2 is released. Stoichiometrically, mole of e- from MnO4- to Cl2 is 1 : 5, therefore 5
mol electrons is moving around
In diaphragm cell, electrolyte is NaCl. The half equation at anode and cathode are
6. D - + -
Anode : 2 Cl  Cl2 + 2e- (Na move to cathode compartment) ; Cathode : 2 H2O + 2 e-  2 OH + H2.
7. B All 3 factors (in A, B and D) explained correctly why ionisation energy increase, except for C
I. SiO2 and P4O10 are indeed covalent oxide (hence acidic) II. SiO2 is acidic yet does not dissolve in water (wrong)
8. B
III. Al2O3 does not dissolve in water, but its amphoteric IV. P4O10 + 6 H2O  3 H3PO4
0
Since barium has the highest E value, it react the most vigorous with water, and the compound of BaCO 3 or Ba(NO3)2 has the
9. D
highest decomposition temperature as it is the most stable among all Group 2 members
When going down Group 2 sulphate, lattice energy, hydration and solution all decreased down Group as the cationic radius
10. D
increased, therefore decrease the solubility of Group 2 sulphate.
C is more stable in +4 oxidation state while Pb is more stable in +2 oxidation state, therefore PbCl 4 is thermally unstable and
11. A
will decomposed easily to PbCl2 + Cl2, while CCl4 will not
When going down to Group 14, stability of +4 oxidation state decreased down Group while stability of +2 oxidation state
12. C increased down Group. This will also increased the ionic characteristic of compound, hence caused the acidity of MO 2
decreased down the Group.
13. C Vapourisation is a process that change from liquid to gas, therefore this will involved intermolecular forces
The physical properties of transition element are, they have almost the same melting point (as electrons are delocalised from
14. D 3d and 4s) , atomic radius and ionisation energy is almost the same (as the effective nuclear charge remain almost constant
since electrons are filling in inner 3d orbital which increased the screening effect, while nuclear charge increased gradually)
Selection A B C D
15. C Formula [Ni(CO)4] K4[Fe(CN)6] Na2Cr2O7 [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Oxidation state of metal 0 +2 +6 +3