Temperature based fan speed

controller
Submitted by
Ramanan.R(113223041112)
Nithin.SA(113223041095)
Mouli.V(113223041089)

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

CHENNAI-66

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI 600025

EVEN SEMESTER 2024-25
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 VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHENNAI-600066

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report 'Temperature based fan

speed controller ' is the bonafide work of
NITHIN SA; MOULI V; RAMANAN R; who carried out the
project. Under my supervision

Was a our

Dr.S.MARY JOANS
Dr.V.Magesh Professor & Head
Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and
Engineering Velammal Engineering College Communication Engineering
Chennai-600066 Velammal Engineering College
Chennai- 600066

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S.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 ABSTRACT 4

2 OBJECTIVES 5

3 LITERATURE SURVEY 6

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 7

5 HARDWARE DETAILS 8

6 SOFTWARE DETAILS 8

7 DESCRIPTION 9

8 APPLICATION 11

9 OUTCOME OF THE POJECT 13

10 REFERENCE 14

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 ABSTRACT

A temperature-based fan speed controller is an intelligent

system designed to regulate fan speed automatically based on
ambient temperature. This system enhances energy efficiency,
reduces noise levels, and improves temperature control in
various applications such as home appliances, industrial
cooling, and electronic device cooling. The controller utilizes a
temperature sensor (e.g., LM35, DHT11) to measure the
surrounding temperature and a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino,
PIC, or Raspberry Pi) to process the data. Based on predefined
temperature thresholds, the microcontroller adjusts the fan
speed using a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal or a
motor driver circuit. This automation eliminates the need for
manual control, optimizing power consumption and extending
fan lifespan. The system can be further enhanced with display
units, wireless monitoring, or IoT integration for remote
control.

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 OBJECTIVES
The primary objectives of a temperature-based fan speed controller
include:

1. Automatic Speed Control – Adjusts the fan speed based on temperature

changes, ensuring efficient cooling.

2. Energy Efficiency – Reduces power consumption by running the fan

only at necessary speeds.

3. Temperature Regulation – Maintains optimal operating temperatures

for electronic components or environments.

4. Noise Reduction – Minimizes fan noise by reducing speed when cooling

demand is low.

5. Component Protection – Prevents overheating of sensitive equipment,

increasing their lifespan.

6. User Convenience – Eliminates the need for manual fan speed

adjustments.

7. Smart Integration – Can be integrated with microcontrollers or IoT

systems for automated control. 5
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Literature Survey on Temperature-Based Fan Speed Controller
1. Review of Related Works

1.1 Traditional Fan Speed Control Methods

Conventional systems use manually controlled switches or step-wise adjustments for fan
speed regulation.

These methods are inefficient because they do not respond dynamically to temperature
variations.

2.2 Temperature Sensor-Based Fan Speed Control

Many studies have explored using temperature sensors (e.g., thermistors, LM35, DS18B20)
to detect temperature changes and adjust fan speed accordingly.

Example Work:

A study by Patel et al. (2018) developed a system using an LM35 sensor and an Arduino
microcontroller to regulate fan speed proportionally to temperature changes.

2.3 Microcontroller-Based Systems

Embedded microcontrollers such as Arduino, PIC, and Raspberry Pi are widely used for
fan speed automation.

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control is often employed to vary the speed of DC fans
efficiently.

Example Work:

Research by Sharma et al. (2020) demonstrated an ATmega328P-based fan control system

using PWM signals to achieve smooth speed transitions.

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2.4 AI and IoT-Enabled Fan Speed Controllers
BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 HARDWARE DETAILS

1. Microcontroller – Arduino, ESP32, or PIC

2. Sensor – LM35, DHT22, or DS18B20

3. Fan – DC or AC fan

4. Control – PWM, MOSFET, or TRIAC

5. Power – 12V adapter, LM7805

6. Display – LCD, OLED (optional)

7. Protection – Diodes, capacitors

SOFTWARE DETAILS
1. IDE – Arduino IDE, MPLAB, or VS Code

2. Language – C, C++, or Python

3. Library – Wire, DHT, OneWire

4. Algorithm – PWM, PID, Hysteresis

5. Interface – Serial, I2C, SPI

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6. Control – Conditional, Interrupts
 DESCRIPTION
2. Working Principle – Uses sensors to detect temperature and adjust fan speed
accordingly.

3. Components Used – Microcontroller, temperature sensor, fan, power supply,

and control circuit.

4. Sensor Functionality – Measures temperature and sends data to the

microcontroller.

5. Control Mechanism – Uses PWM, relays, or TRIAC to regulate fan speed.

6. Power Supply – Provides necessary voltage and current to components.

7. Software Implementation – Coded using Arduino IDE, embedded C, or

Python.

8. Display & Monitoring – LCD/OLED screens or serial monitor for real-time

updates.

9. Applications – Used in CPU cooling, HVAC systems, and industrial

automation.

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10. Advantages – Energy-efficient, automated, and extends fan lifespan.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 APPLICATION

Application of Temperature-Based Fan Speed Controller

1. Electronics Cooling

Prevents overheating of CPUs, GPUs, and power supplies.

Enhances lifespan of electronic components.

2. Automobile Industry

Regulates radiator fan speed in vehicles.

Improves engine efficiency and fuel economy.

3. HVAC Systems (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

Optimizes air circulation based on room temperature.

Reduces energy consumption and operational costs.

4. Industrial Machinery

Controls cooling fans in heavy machinery to prevent overheating.

Enhances safety and efficiency in industrial operations.

5. Smart Home Automation

Adjusts fan speed in smart appliances for energy efficiency.

Enhances user comfort based on real-time temperature.

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 BENEFITS
A temperature-based fan speed controller offers several advantages, including:

1. Energy Efficiency – Reduces power consumption by adjusting fan speed based

on temperature, saving electricity.

2. Extended Fan Life – Minimizes wear and tear by running the fan only as
needed.

3. Noise Reduction – Lowers noise levels when cooling demand is low.

4. Improved Temperature Control – Maintains optimal temperature

automatically.

5. Cost Savings – Reduces electricity bills and maintenance costs.

6. Automation & Convenience – Eliminates the need for manual adjustments.

7. Prevention of Overheating – Protects electronic components from excessive

heat.

8. Eco-Friendly – Reduces overall energy wastage and carbon footprint.

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9. Adaptability – Can be used in various applications like PCs, HVAC systems,
and industrial cooling.
 OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT

A temperature-based fan speed controller reduces energy

use, lowers noise, prevents overheating, and extends fan life
by adjusting speed based on temperature changes.

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 REFERENCE
1. Research Papers & Journals

IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, or ResearchGate for academic papers on

automated cooling systems.

Example: "Automatic Temperature-Based Fan Speed Control System" –

available in engineering journals.

2. Books

Microcontroller-Based Temperature Control Systems by various authors.

Embedded Systems Design for insights into hardware control

mechanisms.

3. Web Articles & Technical Blogs

Electronic project websites like Instructables, Hackaday, or All About

Circuits.

Manufacturer datasheets for components like temperature sensors

(LM35, DHT11) and microcontrollers (Arduino, PIC).

4. Patent Databases

Google Patents or USPTO for patented designs of temperature-based fan

controllers.

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